WO2021117072A1

WO2021117072A1 - Dynamic mapping and method of tracking atmoshperic pollutants

Info

Publication number: WO2021117072A1
Application number: PCT/IT2020/050262
Authority: WO
Inventors: Aristide GIULIANO; Daniele SOFIA; Nicoletta LOTRECCHIANO; Luigi GAUDIANO; Massimo MOFFA
Original assignee: Sense Square S.R.L.
Priority date: 2019-12-09
Filing date: 2020-11-03
Publication date: 2021-06-17

Abstract

A dynamic monitoring system for the dynamic mapping process and its method of tracking the atmospheric pollutants is described, comprising: a mobile monitoring unit (1); a first server (2); a second server (3); in which said mobile monitoring unit (1) includes: an air intake system (5); a heating and air conditioning system (6); a measuring apparatus (7); an air expulsion system (8); wherein said measuring apparatus (7) comprises: a measuring chamber; electrochemical sensors for gas measurement; a Laser Diffraction technology; a MEMS technology; a GPS locator; an LTE-4G data transmission system; and in which the measuring apparatus (7) also includes: a power supply battery (7a); a backup battery (7b).

Description

DYNAMIC MAPPING AND METHOD OF TRACKING

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS

The present invention relates to the field of dynamic environmental monitoring with high spatial and temporal resolution.

In particular, the object of the present invention relates to a dynamic monitoring system for the dynamic mapping process and its method of tracking atmospheric pollutants.

In recent decades, the quality of air in our cities has progressively improved, thanks to the conscious use of energy, less polluting fuels and the spread of increasingly effective emission abatement technologies.

However, even today air pollution represents one of the main environmental and health threats; concentrations of pollutants that are too high, damage to health and the artistic-cultural heritage, have made the environmental issue one of the main topics for discussion and reflection.

Very often it is not only industrial areas that are subject to environmental pollution, but also urban agglomerations, in which car exhausts and combustion products deriving from boilers that cause the

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) increase of harmful particles in the atmosphere with consequent overshooting of the imposed limits from law.

Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated the negative effects of exposure to high concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 particles which cause an increase in the number of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, even in children, and a higher incidence in the number of deaths. To cope with the ever growing need to keep the air we breathe under control, the European Union with Directive 2008/50/EC defines daily and annual limit concentrations for some of the major pollutants such as PM10 and PM2.5 which they are respectively 50pg/m³ and 25 pg/m³.

Therefore, the need arises for the installation of stations for monitoring air quality and more generally the creation of complex observation networks, which can return the exact photograph of the air quality conditions in sensitive environments in terms of concentration of pollutants as well as the definition of forecast models on a territorial scale capable of evaluating their evolution as the meteorological conditions and emission factors vary.

However, the development of such infrastructures is hindered by the high costs characteristic of each individual station and by the considerable size of the same which make installation complex in particularly critical places such as densely populated urban centers. The result that is often obtained is the implementation of observational

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) networks equipped with an insufficient number of stations, often installed in places that are not significant in terms of knowledge of the territory being monitored, which makes any large-area forecasting models based on such data.

For this reason, technology is turning to the implementation of monitoring stations at an increasingly low cost and of small size that can be installed in a widespread manner in urban centers, thus creating a network with high spatial and temporal resolution.

Monitoring of air quality alongside monitoring of environmental radiation allows for full characterization of the environmental matrix. The aspect of assessing the sources of radiation is increasingly a critical aspect of urban agglomerations.

Some of the major manufacturers of monitoring networks have developed portable devices in recent years. Their small size allows them to be used directly by citizens, measuring all the polluting parameters supported by the device.

However, none of these ready-to-use devices have efficient real^¬ time detection systems, nor high performance.

Recent studies have allowed the development of real-time mobile monitoring systems as active platforms on vehicles.

Monitoring systems directly on the road, such as those used for monitoring through the Netherlands, and in Zurich, Switzerland, have shown how this measurement system can be a valid tool for assessing

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) the spatial variability of the pollutant concentration. Furthermore, it allows investigating specific areas that would not be possible to reach with fixed monitoring systems.

By increasing the temporal resolution of these systems, it is also possible to improve the reliability of the measurements and the amount of data collected.

The devices used on the road as a mobile support of the monitoring station are usually cars, i.e. specially equipped vehicles or even alternative means designed specifically for road monitoring, such as the Aeroflex bicycle.

The advantage of mobile devices is their small size, which allows a non-invasive installation even on small vehicles.

A monitoring campaign could be started by installing mobile devices on bus lines or cars destined for so-called car-sharing, in order to create a dense network of sensors that can describe the city situation well.

Real-time road monitoring stations (ROMs) are a new type of air quality monitoring unit designed to be mounted on a moving vehicle within the urban area, in order to collect information on concentrations of pollutants distributed in space and time.

Using a limited number of devices mounted on vehicles moving along predetermined routes, it is possible to define the spatial distribution of otherwise unreachable pollutants.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) In this case, increasing the temporal resolution of the sensors improves the reliability of the measurements and the amount of data collected.

The latest work on mobile detection aims to compare the new technology represented by mobile monitoring stations with the fixed detection devices used by citizens to measure pollution.

The mobile detection device is represented by passive samplers for monitoring the concentration of NO2 placed in strategic positions heavily affected by traffic.

Nitrogen dioxide was also monitored by citizens using smart and mobile pollution units transported at respiratory level.

The two pollution measurement methods were compared to reveal the difference between them.

In the end, a modeling based on machine-learning was applied in the work, i.e. using decision trees and neural networks on data generated by mobile devices and demonstrating that humidity and noise are the most important factors influencing the prediction of dioxide concentrations of nitrogen from mobile stations.

Further articles deal with the development of an intelligent personal monitoring system for real-time air quality detection to measure individual exposure to air pollution.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) Low-cost and lightweight sensors (SPAMS) located on a bus (traveling from November 2015 to January 2016) were used to measure CO, NO2, O3, PM, temperature and humidity.

The parameters were measured by walking on both trails and traveling on the bus during various hours of the day (morning, afternoon and evening), including on different days of the week and at selected locations in the city of Chennai, India.

Other studies have developed a LUR model for street level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration levels in Seoul, South Korea.

169 hours of data were collected from an approximately three- week campaign on five different routes.

This campaign was carried out by ten volunteers who shared seven AirBeams sensors and a particle counter supported by a low-cost smartphone.

The geospatial data was extracted from OpenStreetMap, which is an open source software with a large dataset.

The five routes, four of which were in the vicinity of the municipal-run power stations, were designed to cover various neighborhoods, achieving spatial coverage of a wide range of geographic variables, such as major roads and highways, green spaces and residential areas, both low than high density.

Other papers report an analysis of the absolute principal components (APCS) of mobile measurements on the road to nitrogen

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, black-carbon and number of particles obtained from a mobile platform distributed over a sampling period of 5 days in Chengdu, China.

The data collected for heavy diesel trucks (HDDT) describe the general environment on the road.

A student project was also proposed that transformed smartphones into dynamic sensor nodes that send data to a centralized platform. The pollutants measured were NO2, CO and, O3 for the proposed solution, including a central platform ready for use and available in the cloud, in order to collect the data of the available IoT sensors (ThingSpeak) and a central platform developed online personalized.

Other studies highlight the challenges of short-term mobile sampling campaigns conducted in 2015 in Montreal. They used portable sensors such as Aeroqual Series 500 for NO2 and O3, two types of Garmin Edge 800 GPS and MapMyRide, which is a smartphone application.

Concentrations of NO2 and O3 were recorded by cyclists and pedestrians. Hourly temperature, relative humidity and wind speed from the weather station at Montreal's Pierre Elliot Trudeau International Airport were recorded and synchronized with other measurements.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) Other works analyze one of the largest spatially resolved ultrafine particle (UPF) datasets available to the public, as it contains over 50 million air measurement systems.

The mobile measurement system consists of 10 sensor nodes installed on public transport vehicles for 2 years starting from April 2012, which are equipped with a semiconductor O3 sensor, electrochemically based CO and NO2 sensors and a compact device for measure UPF concentrations.

In addition, the nodes monitor radio frequency electromagnetic fields, temperature and humidity.

The impact of the temporal variability of a mobile measurement device was then investigated and proposed a methodology for mapping urban air quality using mobile monitoring.

A large series of black-carbon measurements were collected in Antwerp, Belgium, using a bicycle equipped with a portable BC monitor (micro-aetalometer). The campaign consisted of 256 and 96 passages along two fixed routes (2 and 5 km long).

Aeroflex was presented, a bicycle for mobile air quality monitoring.

Aeroflex was equipped with compact air quality measuring devices to monitor ultra-fine particle numbers, particulate mass and black-carbon concentrations at high resolution (up to 1 second).

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) Each measurement is automatically linked to its geographical position, and at the time of acquisition via GPS it refers to the web.

In addition, Aeroflex is equipped with automatic data transmission, pre-processing and data visualization.

In recent years, Aeroflex has been used successfully for high- resolution air quality mapping, exposure assessment and the identification of urban pollution hotspots.

The vehicle-based mobile approach to air quality measurement was developed using two inexpensive data mining models, including:

- for public transport;

- for personal detection.

A vehicle-mountable Mobile Sensing Box was used, comprising a microcontroller, dust sensors, carbon monoxide sensor, GPS and a cellular modem.

Personal sensing devices are represented by a mobile air quality sensor and a smartphone which act as an interface with the central directory hosted on a cloud server.

The OXA and CLIMA modules were selected to measure carbon monoxide, humidity, temperature, ambient light and barometric pressure.

A new wearable mobile monitoring system (WMMS) was therefore introduced for objective ubiquitous measurement of mobility.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) The WMMS prototype was created using a smartphone approach based on an all-in-one WMMS.

The system is worn loosely on a user's belt, like a normal telephone.

The WMMS was designed to monitor the mobility status of a user and/or to take a picture when a change in status has been detected.

An online GPRS sensor array for air pollution monitoring was proposed consisting of a mobile DAQ data acquisition unit and a fixed Internet-enabled pollution monitoring server.

The DAQ unit integrates a single-chip microcontroller, an array of air pollution sensors, a GPRS modem and a GPS module.

The mobile measurement device was mounted on a university bus that was driven to the American University of Sharjah (AUS) campus to collect data on CO, NO2 and SO2 for 12 hours each day.

A mobile laboratory, "Sniffer", was designed and built at the Helsinki Polytechnic to measure traffic pollutants (vehicles) with high temporal and spatial resolution in real conditions. The equipment of vehicles (especially vans) provides measurement of the gas phase of CO and NO2, measurements of numerical size distribution of fine and ultrafine particles using an electric low pressure impact device, an ultrafine condensate particle counter and a scanning mobility particle meter.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) In addition, meteorological and geographical parameters are recorded. The work introduces the construction and technical details of the vehicle, presenting data from measurements made during a LIPIKA campaign on the highway in Helsinki.

In terms of environmental monitoring on the road in real time, the technology and studies carried out are still under development.

Some prototypes of sensors for measuring air quality have been tested in some studies to measure pollution levels mainly in the urban environment.

However, these monitoring campaigns were short and none of these technologies were developed further.

The device for dynamic monitoring, object of the present invention, is made in such a way as to allocate a measuring system for air quality on a moving vehicle, capable of covering a large survey area.

A similar traditional system according to the closest known art has been proposed in the patent document CN206410736, using as a support a drone which provides measurement of the air quality.

Unlike the previously mentioned patent, the present invention not only provides information on air quality in terms of concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulfur dioxide, methane, ammonia, volatile organic compounds with a high temporal resolution and weather parameters,

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) but also offers the possibility of making these measurements available to users in real time.

The system also integrates/includes traffic data, intensity, wind direction and data on the air quality of the public network derived from specific databases, created in such a way as to obtain comprehensive information in order to correctly characterize the analyzed context. .

The state of the art offers measurement systems for the sole purpose of study, which are not scalable on a practical level.

Furthermore, these systems are not always used to cover a large area, and the part of data analysis and aggregation is completely absent or scarce.

In addition, the measurement systems proposed in literature and/or patented are mostly aimed at measuring the quality of the air inside the vehicle passenger compartment and its purification, rather than the quality of the air surrounding the vehicle.

The technical problem faced in the present invention concerned the design of an air quality monitoring system that can be allocated to a moving vehicle.

First of all, the monitoring station must be small enough to be able to be cleverly installed on a vehicle so as not to affect the space available in the vehicle itself.

An important step in the concrete realization of the invention was the identification of the optimal position in which to install the

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) measurement system in the vehicle, as it was necessary to avoid in the measurements the direct influence of the vehicle exhaust fumes and the interaction between the vehicle itself and the asphalt, which, as is well known, produces polluting particles.

In addition, the electronics inside the measurement control unit have been designed and built in such a way as to be able to withstand the numerous stresses caused by the movement of the vehicle on the road.

A further expedient designed to increase the efficiency of the measurement system was the implementation of a backup battery, which replaces the one connected to the vehicle engine during the stop/standstill periods, in order to make the measurement continuous.

As regards the measurement in motion of environmental radiations, a further constructive device has been designed to increase the sensitivity of the measuring instrument.

The major advantage of the invention over the state of the art is the large amount of analyzed data available in real time to users, who can be aware of the current state of air quality and themselves be part of the monitoring network by reporting episodes, sudden pollution and/or bad smell.

The proposed system has the great potential of being able to map the pollution of large areas (even hundreds of square kilometers), in real time and with high spatial and temporal resolution.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) Furthermore, all those vehicles that circulate every day for work reasons in the cities would be enhanced.

The installation of the present invention on commercial vehicles (in particular vans) would lead to the collection of several tens of thousands of air quality data.

Such data within the database would be stored and organized as shown (by way of example) in table 1:

TABLE 1

The principle of the present invention is to exploit a support vehicle for the measurement system in order to measure the quality of the air.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) An alternative solution to the use of a commercial van could be the installation of sensors on the city bus network, on the tram network or on car-sharing vehicles.

The installation on the buses of the urban network including night lines could make up for the lack of night data due to the limited operating range of commercial vehicles (particularly vans) which is 08:00-17:00.

In general, the installation of mobile monitoring systems on different media allows the obtaining of a greater number of data at different times of the day for a better mapping of the area.

The availability of data from the dynamic network is strictly connected with the operating hours of the vans (08:00-17:00).

In addition, the urban context is full of traffic restrictions such as restricted traffic areas, pedestrian paths and parks that do not allow the passage of vans.

Therefore, it is possible that some of the cells in the grid into which the city is divided do not have data available, and to overcome this lack of information it is recommended to also install an air quality monitoring network with high spatial resolution and/or fixed time in 1/10 proportion.

The mobile monitoring system consists of a sensitive measurement unit that can be installed on mobile vehicles.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) The measurement system was designed and developed to be able to measure the concentrations of pollutants dispersed in the air while a vehicle on which it is located is moving.

The measured data is sent with a high temporal resolution, (generally in the order of 3-5 minutes), to a central database that stores the data and displays them in real time via a dashboard dedicated to the end user.

The characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become evident from the following detailed description in its practical embodiment, illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which for this purpose the device/system according to its embodiment of the present invention consists of the following parts represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

The measurement system used is the evolution of the fixed sensors already described in the industrial invention patent closest to the state of the art n. 102017000064056.

The path that the measured data follow is summarized (by way of example) in four steps shown in Fig. 1 by means of a diagram/block diagram.

A mobile monitoring unit (1), i.e. a weather station, is connected to a first server (2) via an LTE-4G network.

Said mobile monitoring unit (1) is able to send the measured data to said first server (2) in which said first server (2) is connected

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) to a second server (3) through a first LAN connection (Local Area Network ), or through a shared computer network connection.

Said first LAN connection allows/permits the transfer of data from said first server (2) to said second server (3);

Finally, the monitored data are made available remotely to users (4) through a second LAN connection between said second server (3) and between said users (4).

Said mobile monitoring unit (1) is a centralized and shared measurement unit shown in Fig. 2, which can be installed on vehicles (in particular vans) and designed/developed to be able to measure the concentrations of pollutants dispersed in the air, and comprising :

- an external environment;

- an air intake system (5) from said external environment;

- a heating and air conditioning system (6);

- a measuring apparatus (7);

- an air expulsion system (8) to said external environment.

Said measuring apparatus (7) also includes:

- a measurement chamber, or an air sampling system;

- electrochemical sensors for gas measurement, such as CO, 03, N02, H2S, CH4, S02, VOC;

- a Laser Diffraction technology (principle of Laser Scattering), ie sensors for the measurement of fine powders, in particular PM 10,

PM2.5, PM1 particulate fractions;

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) - a sensor for measuring alpha, beta, gamma environmental radiations;

- a MEMS technology (Thermometer, Barometer and Hygrometer), ie sensors for measuring weather parameters, such as temperature, humidity and relative pressure;

- a GPS locator, or a global positioning system;

- a data transmission system of the LTE-4G type, that is a telecommunication transmitting station.

Said air intake system (5) is adapted to be preferably placed in a selected and defined upper position/area (side near/next to the position of the roof) and in a defined rear part (side near/next to the position of the muffler) or exhausts) of a vehicle on which it is allocated, as shown (by way of example) in Fig. 3.

Said position/area/part chosen allows/allows to minimize the direct influence on the sampling of the vehicle exhaust fumes and the interaction between tires and asphalt produced by the vehicle itself.

The heating and conditioning system of the air (6) drawn in by the air intake system (5), is designed to prevent problems deriving from humidity and temperature on the measurement and to ensure correct concentration.

Said measuring apparatus (7) further comprises/further two batteries as shown in Fig. 4 (connectable/mountable to a vehicle), including:

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) - a power supply battery (7a);

- a backup battery (7b).

Said backup battery (7b) can be activated for several hours (generally 8-17 hours) in the event of a stop of a vehicle and capable of allowing continuous measurement.

The geometry of the measuring apparatus (7) is made in such a way as to avoid direct contact of any unwanted condensation with the internal sensors.

The expulsion of the condensate is guaranteed by the terminal part of the chamber which prevents the condensate from damaging the element used for suction (a pump), by means of a preferential path of the air expulsion system (8) specially designed for this purpose.

Said air expulsion system (8) is connected downstream of said measuring apparatus (7) and upstream of said external environment, in which: said measuring apparatus (7) consists of said Laser Diffraction technology (based on the principle of laser scattering), it is suitable for measuring the concentrations of particulate matter.

Said Laser Diffraction technology includes sensors designed to strike particles suspended in the air with a laser beam, spreading the light radiation in different directions depending on the size of the particles.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) Thus, it is possible to obtain detailed information on the concentration of the different particle sizes of the powder.

In particular, the sensor's integrated software processes the signal in order to provide cumulative particle concentrations below 10 pm (PM10), below 2.5 pm (PM2.5) and below 1 pm (PM1).

Said measurement system based on laser scattering is similar to the gravimetric measurement system defined by law, and provides for the measurement of the concentration of pollutants in an efficient manner.

Further, said measuring apparatus (7) consisting of said electrochemical sensors, is suitable for detecting the concentration of gas in the air.

The measurement range is from 0 to 200 ppb (volume) with a resolution of less than 20 ppb and a measurement repeatability within ± 3% of full scale.

In particular, said electrochemical sensor for VOC measurement is based on the component sensitive to tin oxide, measuring the concentration of the equivalent organic compounds mixed.

The sensors were calibrated by directly comparing the results of the road monitoring networks in real time with those obtained with the Microdust Pro CEL-712 sensor, based on gravimetry according to the

UNI-EN 12341:2014 standard.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) For further validation of the data, they were compared with those measured according to the aforementioned legislation by the fixed air quality control units of the public regional network.

Furthermore, said measuring apparatus (7) consisting of said MEMS technology, is suitable for recording the temperature, relative humidity and air pressure.

Finally, said measuring apparatus (7) consisting of a GPS unit, is able to provide information on the area/position of the survey unit also in terms of latitude and longitude, in addition to the parameters calculated/measured and described/shown in Table 1 above.

The latitude and longitude data allow the tracking of vehicle routes that can be optimized to have the maximum coverage of the examined territory under assessment.

The aggregate data of the detected concentrations, the meteorological information and the position are sent to central servers using IoT technologies, i.e. a subsystem or a data traffic acquisition platform including at least one control platform for the management and coordination of all activities/functions to be performed (data processing by applying/using monitoring information), which is managed by/through dedicated software.

The data is collected and stored in real time without interruption for the entire working hours of the van (for example every 3-5 minutes).

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) Coverage of large areas can be achieved by aggregating data from different measurement units.

In order to associate the data with the position of the ground, regardless of the source of detection, the surface to be investigated is divided both into zones defined by the districts defined by the political geography of a given area, for example in the metropolitan area of Milan and in square cells sides of 1 km are represented on the Mercator projection map, as shown in Fig. 5.

The centroids of each cell form a regular grid, while the cell area of 1 km² turned out to be the minimum area to aggregate enough data to accurately describe the complex urban context.

Cells larger than 1 km² would be too dispersive, as the high spatial resolution would be lost.

On the other hand, cells smaller than 1 km² would contain insufficient data to produce meaningful statistics.

The data stored and measured on the database are aggregated in real time and on average at regular intervals (hourly and/or daily).

For each cell it is also possible to reconstruct the historical series of measurements directly from the database.

The pollution levels are displayed through/through the traffic light code according to the current legislation as shown in Fig. 6.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) The sensor data is transferred to a digitized report, or a decentralized database, and can no longer be changed, ensuring the system's incorruptibility.

The measures detected are compared with the limits imposed by current legislation, and any overruns with respect to them are highlighted/reported.

For each cell, knowing the degree of urbanization, the degree of traffic and the weather conditions, it is possible to define the local levels and sources of pollution, as shown in the diagram in Fig. 7, in which: on the abscissa axis (horizontal axis) the measurement period is represented on a daily, monthly or annual basis; on the ordinate axis (vertical axis) the average concentration on a daily, monthly, or annual basis is represented, expressed in pg/m³.

Information on local levels of local pollution allows policy makers to implement policies and strategies for improving air quality.

The measurement control units also integrate a data acquisition system via API keys, which allow the inclusion of other fundamental parameters in the database for the definition of pollution, including:

- traffic: to allow verification of the influence of vehicular traffic on pollution levels;

- air quality data from public networks: to allow constant comparison of data and validation of them;

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) - meteorological parameters: to integrate the measurement of wind direction and intensity, as it is impossible to implement due to the particular characteristic of the road measurement system.

The intensity and direction of the wind are among the fundamental parameters that influence pollution levels.

Low wind intensity favors the stagnation of pollutants dispersed in the air.

A high intensity promotes dispersion by lowering the concentration of dispersed pollutants.

The definition of a model for air quality is based both on the data obtained in real time but also on the historical data present in the database. All the characteristics of the data obtained are both a function of time and position.

Furthermore, these characteristics are fundamental to define the pollution status of the investigated area, both to be able to implement models that take into account the dispersion of pollutants in the air, and for forecasting models, capable of estimating what the pollution level will be in the immediate future.

The definition of dispersion models allows the evaluation of pollution and its effects in space, verifying its effect on sensitive elements such as children, the elderly or monuments.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) The pollution forecast, on the other hand, allows the implementation of health protection policies in the event that episodes that lead to an increase in pollution levels are foreseen.

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26)

Claims

1) Dynamic monitoring system for the dynamic mapping process of atmospheric pollutants, including:

- a mobile monitoring unit (1);

- a first server (2);

- a second server (3); characterized in that: said mobile monitoring unit (1) is connected to said first server (2) by means of an LTE-4G connection, in which: said first server (2) is connected to said second server (3) through a first LAN connection, and in which: said second server (3) is remotely connected to users (4) via a second

LAN connection; and further characterized by the fact that said mobile monitoring unit (1) comprises:

- an external environment;

- an air intake system (5) from said external environment;

- a heating and air conditioning system (6);

- a measuring apparatus (7);

- an air expulsion system (8) to said external environment connected downstream of said measuring apparatus (7) and upstream of said external environment;

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26) wherein said measuring apparatus (7) comprises:

- a measuring chamber;

- electrochemical sensors for gas measurement;

- a Laser Diffraction technology;

- a MEMS technology;

- a GPS locator;

- an LTE-4G data transmission system;

- a power supply battery (7a);

- a backup battery (7b).

SUBSTITUTE SHEETS (RULE 26)