WO2021114425A1 - 麦克风结构以及电子设备 - Google Patents
麦克风结构以及电子设备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021114425A1 WO2021114425A1 PCT/CN2019/129549 CN2019129549W WO2021114425A1 WO 2021114425 A1 WO2021114425 A1 WO 2021114425A1 CN 2019129549 W CN2019129549 W CN 2019129549W WO 2021114425 A1 WO2021114425 A1 WO 2021114425A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- sound hole
- sound
- microphone structure
- elastic sealing
- sealing element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/08—Mouthpieces; Microphones; Attachments therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of acousto-electric technology, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a microphone structure and electronic equipment.
- a microphone is a transducer that converts sound into an electronic signal. There are many precision components inside the microphone.
- the microphone is suitable for use in a variety of complex environments. When working in different environments, the microphone will be affected by different foreign objects, which will reduce the performance of the microphone or damage the microphone.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new technical solution for a microphone structure and electronic equipment.
- a microphone structure including:
- a sound sensing element the sound sensing element is provided with a first sound hole
- a protective shell the protective shell forms a sealed protective cavity outside the first sound hole, and the protective shell is provided with a second sound hole;
- a waterproof membrane the waterproof membrane is fixed in the protective cavity, and the waterproof membrane divides the protective cavity into a first cavity communicating with a first sound hole and a second cavity communicating with a second sound hole;
- An elastic sealing element one end of the elastic sealing element is fixed on the protective shell around the second sound hole, and the other end of the elastic sealing element is used to fix the component applied to the microphone structure.
- the protective shell includes:
- a side wall, the side wall is fixed around the first sound hole, and the waterproof membrane is fixed to the side wall;
- the baffle is fixed to the side wall to form the protection cavity, and the second sound hole is arranged on the baffle.
- the baffle is bent outside the protective cavity to form a protrusion.
- a third sound hole is further provided on the baffle of the protective shell, and the protrusion separates the second sound hole and the third sound hole.
- the second sound hole and the third sound hole are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the first sound hole.
- the second sound hole and the third sound hole are arranged on the side surface of the protrusion.
- the plane on which the waterproof membrane is located is parallel to the radial direction of the first sound hole.
- the elastic sealing element is foam or rubber.
- the elastic sealing element is in a compressed state, and the amount of compression of the elastic sealing element is limited by the height of the protrusion.
- the material of the waterproof membrane is ePTFE.
- an electronic device including the microphone structure of any one of the above, the elastic sealing element is connected to the housing of the electronic device, and the second sound hole and the third sound hole are respectively Connect different sound channels on the housing of the electronic device.
- the microphone structure by separating the components in the microphone structure from the outside, foreign objects such as dust, liquid, strong air current, and static electricity outside the microphone structure are prevented from affecting or damaging the components in the microphone.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microphone structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram of a state in which the waterproof membrane of an embodiment of the present invention is subjected to external pressure.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a microphone structure provided with uncompressed foam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is the sound sensing element
- 14 is the first sound hole
- 2 is the protective shell
- 21 is the side wall
- 22 is the baffle
- 23 is the second sound hole
- 24 is the third sound hole
- 25 is the protrusion
- 3 is a waterproof membrane
- 4 is an elastic sealing element
- 5 is a housing.
- the present invention provides a microphone structure.
- the microphone structure includes:
- the sound sensing element 1 is provided with a first sound hole 14; the sound of the sound sensing element 1 is received and transmitted through the first sound hole 14.
- a protective shell 2 the protective shell 2 forms a sealed protective cavity outside the first sound hole 14, and the protective shell 2 is provided with a second sound hole 23;
- the waterproof membrane 3 is fixed in the protective cavity, and the waterproof membrane 3 divides the protective cavity into a first cavity communicating with the first sound hole 14 and a second cavity communicating with the second sound hole 23 Second cavity
- An elastic sealing element 4 one end of the elastic sealing element 4 is fixed on the protective shell 2 around the second sound hole 23, and the other end of the elastic sealing element 4 is used for fixing with a component applied to the microphone structure.
- a protective shell 2 is provided outside the first sound hole 14 provided on the sound sensing element 1, and the protective shell 2 forms a sealed protective cavity for the first sound hole 14.
- the protective shell 2 is sealed to the first sound hole 14.
- a waterproof membrane 3 is arranged in the protective cavity, and the waterproof membrane 3 divides the protective cavity into a first cavity and a second cavity, and the first cavity and the second cavity are not connected.
- the first cavity is in communication with the first sound hole 14, and the second cavity is in communication with the second sound hole 23. In this way, the first cavity is in communication with the inside of the sound sensing element 1, and the second cavity is in communication with the external space of the protective shell 2.
- One end of the elastic sealing element 4 is fixed on the protective shell 2, the elastic sealing element 4 surrounds the second sound hole 23, and the other end of the elastic sealing element 4 is fixed to the component applied to the microphone structure.
- the space surrounded by the elastic sealing element 4 is in communication with the second sound hole 23.
- the component at the other end has an opening to form a sound channel communicating with the second sound hole 23.
- the component at the other end may be a microphone housing, and the opening may be a sound-receiving hole.
- the external sound enters from the sound receiving hole, and enters the second cavity in the protective cavity from the second sound hole 23 through the sound channel.
- the sound entering the protective cavity drives the waterproof membrane 3 to vibrate, and the vibration of the waterproof membrane 3 drives the air pressure change in the first cavity to transmit the sound from the first sound hole 14 to the inside of the sound sensing element 1, thereby receiving the sound.
- the component at the other end can also be the housing of the device where the microphone is located.
- the protective shell 2 arranged outside the first sound hole 14 can block foreign objects from entering the sound sensing element 1.
- the waterproof membrane 3 divides the protective cavity in the protective shell 2 into a first cavity and a second cavity, and foreign objects cannot pass through
- the waterproof membrane 3 enters the inside of the sound sensing element 1 from the first sound hole 14.
- the microphone structure can prevent foreign objects such as dust, liquid, strong air current, static electricity, etc., from entering the sound sensing element 1 from the first sound hole 14.
- the elastic sealing element 4 is fixed between the protective shell 2 and the component where the microphone structure is located. Foreign objects entering the sound channel from the outside of the component where the microphone structure is located will be blocked by the elastic sealing element 4 and will not escape from the microphone structure and the component where the microphone structure is located. Go to other components in the microphone. Prevent impact or damage to other components. For example, foreign objects such as dust, liquid, strong air current, static electricity, etc. are blocked by the elastic sealing element 4, and the foreign objects entering the sound channel will not affect or damage other components in the microphone.
- the waterproof membrane 3 and the elastic sealing element 4 are provided so that the microphone structure has the abilities of preventing dust, liquid, strong air flow, and static electricity, and improves the reliability of the microphone performance.
- the arrows in the figure represent foreign objects that have entered.
- the arrows in the figure represent foreign objects that have entered.
- the entry of water from the sound channel after the water enters from the sound channel, it is restricted by the elastic sealing element 4 and cannot move outside the protective shell 2.
- the components other than the sound sensing component 1 are protected.
- Water entering the second cavity along the second sound hole 23 will be restricted by the waterproof membrane 3, preventing the sound sensing element 1 from entering from the first sound hole 14 and protecting the sound sensing element 1.
- it can be a state where the waterproof membrane 3 is deformed after being subjected to water pressure, and the waterproof membrane 3 recovers after the pressure is relieved.
- the change of the waterproof membrane 3 in the figure can also be a state in which the sound causes the waterproof membrane 3 to vibrate in the process of transmitting sound. The whole process of vibration transmits sound into the sound sensing element 1.
- the material of the waterproof membrane 3 is ePTFE.
- the waterproof membrane 3 made of ePTFE material has excellent waterproof and windproof functions. The use of this material can enhance the protective effect of the waterproof membrane 3 on the sound sensing element 1 and improve the reliability of the waterproof membrane 3.
- the protective shell 2 includes: a side wall 21, the side wall 21 is fixed around the first sound hole 14, the waterproof membrane 3 is fixed to the side wall 21; a baffle 22, the stop The plate 22 is fixed to the side wall 21 to form the protection cavity, and the second sound hole 23 is provided on the baffle 22.
- the side wall 21 and the baffle 22 are fixed to form a seal to the first sound hole 14.
- the waterproof membrane 3 is fixed on the side wall 21 of the protective shell to divide the protective cavity into a first cavity and a second cavity.
- the first sound hole 14 communicates the first cavity with the sound cavity inside the sound sensing element 1.
- the second cavity communicates with the outside of the protective shell 2 through the second sound hole 23.
- the elastic sealing element 4 is fixed on the baffle 22 to surround the second sound hole 23.
- the side wall 21 and the baffle 22 are fixed to form a protective shell, and the side wall 21 and the baffle 22 may be manufactured separately and then fixed.
- first fix the side wall 21 outside the first sound hole 14 then fix the waterproof membrane 3 on the side wall 21, and finally fix the baffle 22.
- the side wall 21 surrounding the baffle 22 may be fixed.
- the elastic sealing element 4 can be fixed on the baffle 22 or on the side wall 21. It is also possible that one end of the side wall 21 is fixed on the surface of the baffle 22 leaning against the shielding cavity. The elastic sealing element 4 is fixed on the baffle 22 to enclose the second sound hole 23.
- the side wall 21 and the baffle 22 are fixed to form the protective shell 2, or the side wall 21 and the baffle 22 are integrally formed to form the protective shell 2.
- the waterproof membrane 3 is fixed on the side wall 21, and then the protective shell 2 is fixed outside the first sound hole 14.
- the baffle 22 is bent outside the protective cavity to form a protrusion 25.
- the protrusion 25 formed on the baffle 22 can support the components applied to the microphone structure, and the components applied to the microphone structure form a space for communicating the second sound hole 23 with the outside world.
- contact and collision between the protective shell 2 and the components used in the microphone structure can also be avoided, and the protective shell 2 can be prevented from being damaged.
- the baffle plate of the protective shell is further provided with a third sound hole 24, and the protrusion 25 connects the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 separated.
- a protrusion 25 is formed on the baffle 22.
- the protrusion 25 separates the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 so that the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 are not connected in the microphone structure outside the protective shell 2. This increases the number of channels the microphone uses to receive sound. For example, if the sound is received from the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24, the received sound may be the same or different. The received sound enters the second cavity through the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 to drive the waterproof membrane 3 to vibrate and transmit the sound to the sound sensing element 1.
- the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 are arranged on the side surface of the protrusion 25.
- the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 are provided on the side surface of the protrusion 25. In this way, the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 are easier to receive the sound entering along the sound channel, and concentrate the entering sound to the second cavity to drive the waterproof membrane 3 to vibrate for sound transmission.
- the protrusion 25 can also support the component where the microphone structure is located, for example, the component where the microphone structure is located is the housing of the microphone or the housing of the device. After the support is formed, a space in the thickness direction is formed between the protective shell 2 and the outer shell 5. This space is used for arranging the elastic sealing element 4.
- the elastic sealing element 4 is in a compressed state, and the compression amount of the elastic sealing element is limited by the height of the protrusion.
- the elastic sealing element 4 provided in the space formed between the protective shell 2 and the outer shell 5 is in a compressed state. As shown in Fig. 3, the elastic sealing element 4 is in an uncompressed state.
- the elastic sealing element 4 is arranged between the housing 5 and the protective housing 2, and then the elastic sealing element 4 is compressed to make the housing 5 and the protrusion 25 contact. This can increase the sealing performance of the elastic sealing element 4.
- the raised portion 25 supports the housing 5 to form a space with a set thickness. By setting the height of the raised portion 25, the degree of compression of the foam can be adjusted.
- the elastic sealing element 4 is foam or rubber.
- Foam and rubber have elasticity and water-proof properties, and can meet the tightness of the elastic sealing element 4. For example, it is possible to prevent foreign objects such as liquid, dust, strong air currents, static electricity, etc., from passing between the protective shell 2 and the shell 5 and affecting other components of the microphone.
- the foam is VHB foam, which is elastic.
- the degree of compression of foam is directly proportional to its protective ability. For example, the tighter the compression, the better the waterproofness.
- the raised portion 25 supports the housing 5 to form a space with a predetermined thickness. By setting the height of the raised portion 25, the degree of compression of the foam can be adjusted, so that the protective performance of the foam can be controlled.
- the plane on which the waterproof membrane 3 is located is parallel to the radial direction of the first sound hole 14.
- the reliability of the sound sensing element 1 in receiving external sounds can be improved.
- the sound entering from the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 drives the waterproof membrane 3 to vibrate, and the vibrating waterproof membrane 3 can accurately follow the first sound hole 14
- the direction of a sound hole 14 transmits sound waves.
- the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the first sound hole 14.
- the transmission paths of the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 are symmetrical and can be evenly transmitted to the position of the waterproof membrane 3 that is directly opposite to the first sound hole 14.
- the waterproof membrane 3 transmits sound in a direction perpendicular to the surface on which it is located, and drives the gas fluctuations in this direction, and can accurately pass into the internal sound cavity of the sound sensing element 1 along the first sound hole 14, thereby realizing sound reception more effectively.
- the area of the waterproof membrane 3 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the first sound hole 14.
- the area of the waterproof membrane 3 is larger than the area of the first sound hole 14 to improve the reliability of sound transmission.
- the waterproof membrane 3 is deformed during vibration or when it is subjected to external pressure.
- the waterproof membrane 3 is easier to restore to its original state. This can effectively improve the service life and reliability of the waterproof membrane 3.
- an electronic device including the microphone structure of any one of the above.
- the elastic sealing element 4 is connected to the housing 5 of the electronic device.
- the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 respectively communicate with different sound channels on the housing 5 of the electronic device.
- the second sound hole 23 and the third sound hole 24 respectively communicate with two different sound channels of the electronic device, so that the above-mentioned microphone structure is suitable for dual-channel microphones and devices.
- the electronic device with the above-mentioned microphone structure also has the protective performance of the above-mentioned microphone structure. For example, prevent dust, liquid, strong air current, static electricity and other factors from affecting the performance of sound sensing components and other components in electronic equipment.
- the electronic device may be a mobile phone, a computer, or other devices.
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种麦克风结构以及电子设备，包括：声音感测元件，声音感测元件设置有第一声孔；防护壳，防护壳在第一声孔外形成密封的防护腔，防护壳上设置有第二声孔；防水膜，防水膜固定在防护腔内，防水膜将防护腔分为与第一声孔连通的第一腔体和与第二声孔连通的第二腔体；弹性密封元件，弹性密封元件的一端围绕第二声孔固定在防护壳上，弹性密封元件的另一端用于与麦克风结构应用的部件固定。本发明的一个技术效果在于，通过将麦克风内的元件与外部分隔开，防止麦克风结构外部的灰尘、液体、强气流、静电等异物对麦克风内元件造成影响或损坏。
Description
本发明涉及声电技术领域，更具体地，本发明涉及一种麦克风结构以及电子设备。
麦克风是一种将声音转换成电子信号的换能器，在麦克风的内部有很多精密的元件。麦克风适用于多种复杂环境下使用。在不同的使用环境下工作时，麦克风会受到不同外界异物的影响，会降低麦克风的性能或损坏麦克风。
在麦克风的工作环境中，可能存在灰尘、液体、强气流、静电等影响异物对麦克风的正常工作产生影响。例如，灰尘或液体从麦克风的声孔进入后，接触或进入麦克风内的元件。这样会影响元件性能，对元件造成破坏。
因此，需要提供一种新的技术方案，以解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种麦克风结构以及电子设备的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了：一种麦克风结构，包括：
声音感测元件，所述声音感测元件设置有第一声孔；
防护壳，所述防护壳在所述第一声孔外形成密封的防护腔，所述防护壳上设置有第二声孔；
防水膜，所述防水膜固定在所述防护腔内，所述防水膜将所述防护腔分为与第一声孔连通的第一腔体和与第二声孔连通的第二腔体；
弹性密封元件，所述弹性密封元件的一端围绕所述第二声孔固定在防 护壳上，所述弹性密封元件的另一端用于与麦克风结构应用的部件固定。
可选地，所述防护壳包括：
侧壁，所述侧壁围绕所述第一声孔固定，所述防水膜与侧壁固定；
挡板，所述挡板与侧壁固定后形成所述防护腔，所述第二声孔设置在挡板上。
可选地，所述挡板向所述防护腔外弯折形成凸起部。
可选地，所述防护壳的挡板上还设置有第三声孔，所述凸起部将所述第二声孔和所述第三声孔分隔开。
可选地，所述第二声孔和所述第三声孔沿所述第一声孔的轴线对称设置。
可选地，所述第二声孔和所述第三声孔设置在所述凸起部的侧面。
可选地，所述防水膜所在的平面与第一声孔的径向平行。
可选地，所述弹性密封元件为泡棉或橡胶。
可选地，所述弹性密封元件为压缩状态，所述弹性密封元件的压缩量由所述凸起部的高度限定。
可选地，所述防水膜的材料为ePTFE。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括上述任意一项的麦克风结构，所述弹性密封元件与电子设备的外壳连接，所述第二声孔和所述第三声孔分别连通电子设备的外壳上不同的声道。
根据本发明的一个实施例，通过将麦克风结构内的元件与外部分隔开，防止麦克风结构外部的灰尘、液体、强气流、静电等异物对麦克风内元件造成影响或损坏。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
构成说明书的一部分的附图描述了本发明的实施例，并且连同说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明一个实施例的麦克风结构的结构示意图。
图2是本发明一个实施例的防水膜受到外部压力的状态图。
图3是本发明一个实施例的麦克风结构设置未压缩的泡棉的结构示意图。
图中，1为声音感测元件，14为第一声孔，2为防护壳，21为侧壁，22为挡板，23为第二声孔，24为第三声孔，25为凸起部，3为防水膜，4为弹性密封元件，5为外壳。
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
根据本公开的一个实施例，本发明提供了一种麦克风结构，如图1所示，该麦克风结构包括：
声音感测元件1，所述声音感测元件1设置有第一声孔14；声音感测元件1的声音接收传递通过第一声孔14进行。
防护壳2，所述防护壳2在所述第一声孔14外形成密封的防护腔，所述防护壳2上设置有第二声孔23；
防水膜3，所述防水膜3固定在所述防护腔内，所述防水膜3将所述防护腔分为与第一声孔14连通的第一腔体和与第二声孔23连通的第二腔体；
弹性密封元件4，所述弹性密封元件4的一端围绕所述第二声孔23固定在防护壳2上，所述弹性密封元件4的另一端用于与麦克风结构应用的部件固定。
在该实施例中，声音感测元件1上设置的第一声孔14外设置了防护壳2，防护壳2对第一声孔14形成密封的防护腔。例如，通过粘接或焊接等方式固定，使防护壳2对第一声孔14形成密封。防护腔内设置了防水膜3，防水膜3将防护腔分为第一腔体和第二腔体，第一腔体和第二腔体间不连通。第一腔体与第一声孔14连通，第二腔体与第二声孔23连通。这样第一腔体与声音感测元件1内部形成了连通，第二腔体与防护壳2的外界空间形成连通。
在防护壳2上固定弹性密封元件4的一端，弹性密封元件4将第二声孔23围绕起来，弹性密封元件4的另一端与麦克风结构应用的部件固定。弹性密封元件4围绕起来形成的空间与第二声孔23是连通的。另一端的部件上具有开口，以形成与第二声孔23连通的声道。
例如，另一端的部件可以是麦克风外壳，开口为收音孔。外部声音从收音孔进入，经过声道从第二声孔23进入防护腔中的第二腔体。进入防护腔的声音带动防水膜3振动，防水膜3振动带动第一腔体内气压变化将声音从第一声孔14传递到声音感测元件1内部，从而接收到声音。另外，另一端的部件还可以是麦克风所在设备的外壳。
设置在第一声孔14外的防护壳2能够阻挡异物进入声音感测元件1中，防水膜3将防护壳2内的防护腔分为第一腔体和第二腔体，外部异物不能经过防水膜3从第一声孔14进入声音感测元件1内部。这样该麦克风结构就能够防止灰尘、液体、强气流、静电等异物从第一声孔14进入声音感测元件1内部。
弹性密封元件4在防护壳2和麦克风结构所在的部件间固定，从麦克风结构所在的部件外部的进入声道的异物会被弹性密封元件4阻挡，不会从麦克风结构和麦克风结构所在的部件间进入麦克风内的其他元件上。防止对其他元件造成影响或损坏。例如，灰尘、液体、强气流、静电等异物被弹性密封元件4阻挡，进入声道的异物不会对麦克风内的其他元件造成 影响或损坏。
设置防水膜3和弹性密封元件4使该麦克风结构具有防灰尘、防液体、防强气流、防静电等能力，提高了麦克风性能的可靠性。
例如，图2所示，图中箭头代表了进入的异物。以水从声道进入为例，水从声道进入后，被弹性密封元件4限制，不能向防护壳2以外方向移动。保护了声音感测元件1以外的其他元件。水沿第二声孔23进入第二腔体内会被防水膜3限制，防止从第一声孔14进入声音感测元件1内，保护了声音感测元件1。图中，可以是受到水压后防水膜3形变的一个状态，在压力退去后，防水膜3恢复。图中防水膜3的变化还可以是，在传递声音的过程中，声音使防水膜3振动的一个状态。振动的整个过程将声音传递到声音感测元件1内。
可选地，所述防水膜3的材料为ePTFE。ePTFE材料的防水膜3具有优异的防水、防风功能。使用该材料能够提升防水膜3对声音感测元件1的防护作用，提升防水膜3的可靠性。
在一个实施例中，所述防护壳2包括：侧壁21，所述侧壁21围绕所述第一声孔14固定，所述防水膜3与侧壁21固定；挡板22，所述挡板22与侧壁21固定后形成所述防护腔，所述第二声孔23设置在挡板22上。
在该实施例中，侧壁21与挡板22固定后形成对第一声孔14的密封。防水膜3固定在防护壳侧壁21上将防护腔分为第一腔体和第二腔体。第一声孔14将第一腔体和声音感测元件1内部的声腔连通。第二腔体通过第二声孔23与防护壳2外界连通。
弹性密封元件4固定在挡板22上，将第二声孔23围绕起来。
侧壁21和挡板22间固定形成防护壳，可以是侧壁21和挡板22分开制作后进行固定。
例如，先将侧壁21固定在第一声孔14外，再将防水膜3固定在侧壁21上，最后固定挡板22。或者先将防水膜3固定在侧壁21上，再固定挡板22，最后将侧壁21固定在第一声孔14外。
侧壁21和挡板22固定时，可以是侧壁21包围挡板22的侧边固定。这样弹性密封元件4可以固定在挡板22上，也可以固定在侧壁21上。还 可以是，侧壁21的一端固定在挡板22的靠向防护腔的面上。弹性密封元件4固定在挡板22上将第二声孔23围合。
侧壁21和挡板22间固定形成防护壳2，还可以是侧壁21和挡板22为一体成型形成防护壳2。例如，将防水膜3固定在侧壁21上，再将防护壳2固定在第一声孔14外。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，所述挡板22向所述防护腔外弯折形成凸起部25。
在该实施例中，挡板22上形成的凸起部25能够对麦克风结构应用的部件形成支撑，在麦克风结构应用的部件形成使第二声孔23和外界连通的空间。以及，还能够避免防护壳2和麦克风结构所应用的部件间接触、碰撞，避免防护壳2被损坏。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，所述防护壳的挡板上还设置有第三声孔24，所述凸起部25将所述第二声孔23和所述第三声孔24分隔开。
在该实施例中，挡板22上形成凸起部25。凸起部25将第二声孔23和第三声孔24分隔开，使第二声孔23和第三声孔24在防护壳2以外的麦克风结构内不相连通。这样增加了麦克风用来接收声音的通道。例如，从第二声孔23和第三声孔24两个声孔接收到声音，接收到的声音可以使相同的，也可以是不同的。接收到的声音经过第二声孔23和第三声孔24进入第二腔体带动防水膜3振动，将声音传递到声音感测元件1内。
可选地，所述第二声孔23和所述第三声孔24设置在所述凸起部25的侧面。
将第二声孔23和第三声孔24设置在凸起部25的侧面。这样第二声孔23和第三声孔24更容易接收沿声道进入的声音，将进入的声音集中到第二腔体，以带动防水膜3振动进行声音传递。
凸起部25还能够对麦克风结构所在的部件形成支撑，例如麦克风结构所在部件为麦克风的外壳或设备的外壳。形成支撑后在防护壳2和外壳5间形成厚度方向的空间。该空间用于设置弹性密封元件4。
例如，所述弹性密封元件4为压缩状态，所述弹性密封元件的压缩量由所述凸起部的高度限定。在防护壳2和外壳5间形成的空间内设置的弹 性密封元件4为压缩状态。如图3所示，为弹性密封元件4未压缩的状态。安装过程中，将弹性密封元件4设置在外壳5和防护壳2之间，然后将弹性密封元件4压缩，使外壳5和凸起部25接触。这样能够增加弹性密封元件4的密封性。凸起部25支撑外壳5形成了设定厚度的空间，通过设置凸起部25的高度，能够调节泡棉被压缩的程度。
可选地，所述弹性密封元件4为泡棉或橡胶。
泡棉和橡胶具有弹性和隔水的性能，能够满足弹性密封元件4的密封性。例如，能够防止液体、灰尘、强气流、静电等异物通过防护壳2和外壳5之间影响麦克风的其他元件。
例如，泡棉为VHB泡棉，具有弹性。通过外壳5压缩固定在防护壳2上的泡棉，能够使泡棉的结构更加紧密。泡棉的压缩程度与防护能力成正比，例如，压缩越紧密防水性越好。凸起部25支撑外壳5形成了设定厚度的空间，通过设置凸起部25的高度，能够调节泡棉被压缩的程度，这样就能够控制泡棉的防护性能。
在一个实施例中，所述防水膜3所在的平面与第一声孔14的径向平行。
在该例子中，能够提高声音感测元件1接收外界声音的可靠性。防水膜3所在的平面与第一声孔14的径向平行时，从第二声孔23、第三声孔24进入的声音，带动防水膜3振动，振动的防水膜3能够精确地沿第一声孔14的方向传递声波。
例如，所述第二声23孔和所述第三声孔24沿所述第一声孔14的轴线对称设置。
这样第二声孔23和第三声孔24的传递路径相对称，能够均匀传递到防水膜3的与第一声孔14相正对的位置。
声波从第二声孔23、第三声孔24进入，带动防水膜3振动。防水膜3沿与自身所在面垂直的方向传递声音，带动该方向的气体波动，能够准确地沿第一声孔14传入声音感测元件1内部声腔，更有效地实现声音接收。
在一个实施例中，所述防水膜3的面积大于所述所述第一声孔14的横截面积。
在该例子中，防水膜3的面积大于第一声孔14的面积能够提高声音传递的可靠性。防水膜3的面积越大，在声音传递过程中，因防水膜3振动造成的声音损失就越小。因此，防水膜3的面积大于第一声孔14的面积能够提高声音传递的可靠性。
并且，防水膜3在振动过程中，或者受到外界压力时会发生形变。防水膜3的面积越大，在每个单位面积内受到的力就越小。防水膜3更容易恢复原来的状态。这样能够有效提高防水膜3的使用寿命和可靠性。
根据本公开的一个实施例，提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括上述任意一项的麦克风结构。所述弹性密封元件4与电子设备的外壳5连接，如图2所示，所述第二声孔23和所述第三声孔24分别连通电子设备的外壳5上不同的声道。
在该实施例中，第二声孔23和第三声孔24分别连通该电子设备的不同的两个声道，使上述麦克风结构适用于双声道的麦克风以及设备。
具有上述麦克风结构的电子设备，也具有上述麦克风结构所具有的防护性能。例如，防止灰尘、液体、强气流、静电等因素对电子设备内的声音感测元件以及其他元件性能的影响。
例如，该电子设备可以是手机、电脑等设备。
虽然已经通过示例对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上示例仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。
Claims (11)
- 一种麦克风结构，其特征在于，包括：声音感测元件，所述声音感测元件设置有第一声孔；防护壳，所述防护壳在所述第一声孔外形成密封的防护腔，所述防护壳上设置有第二声孔；防水膜，所述防水膜固定在所述防护腔内，所述防水膜将所述防护腔分为与第一声孔连通的第一腔体和与第二声孔连通的第二腔体；弹性密封元件，所述弹性密封元件的一端围绕所述第二声孔固定在防护壳上，所述弹性密封元件的另一端用于与麦克风结构应用的部件固定。
- 根据权利要求1所述的麦克风结构，其特征在于，所述防护壳包括：侧壁，所述侧壁围绕所述第一声孔固定，所述防水膜与侧壁固定；挡板，所述挡板与侧壁固定后形成所述防护腔，所述第二声孔设置在挡板上。
- 根据权利要求2所述的麦克风结构，其特征在于，所述挡板向所述防护腔外弯折形成凸起部。
- 根据权利要求3所述的麦克风结构，其特征在于，所述防护壳的挡板上还设置有第三声孔，所述凸起部将所述第二声孔和所述第三声孔分隔开。
- 根据权利要求4所述的麦克风结构，其特征在于，所述第二声孔和所述第三声孔沿所述第一声孔的轴线对称设置。
- 根据权利要求4所述的麦克风结构，其特征在于，所述第二声孔和所述第三声孔设置在所述凸起部的侧面。
- 根据权利要求1所述的麦克风结构，其特征在于，所述防水膜所在的平面与第一声孔的径向平行。
- 根据权利要求1所述的麦克风结构，其特征在于，所述弹性密封元件为泡棉或橡胶。
- 根据权利要求3所述的麦克风结构，其特征在于，所述弹性密封元件为压缩状态，所述弹性密封元件的压缩量由所述凸起部的高度限定。
- 根据权利要求1所述的麦克风结构，其特征在于，所述防水膜的材料为ePTFE。
- 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-9任意一项所述的麦克风结构，所述弹性密封元件与电子设备的外壳连接，所述第二声孔和所述第三声孔分别连通电子设备的外壳上不同的声道。
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