WO2021109236A1 - Transfer machine control method and transfer machine control device - Google Patents

Transfer machine control method and transfer machine control device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021109236A1
WO2021109236A1 PCT/CN2019/125882 CN2019125882W WO2021109236A1 WO 2021109236 A1 WO2021109236 A1 WO 2021109236A1 CN 2019125882 W CN2019125882 W CN 2019125882W WO 2021109236 A1 WO2021109236 A1 WO 2021109236A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transfer machine
transfer
machine control
motor
lifting motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/125882
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
苏军伟
汤小明
Original Assignee
浙江德马科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021109236A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021109236A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F13/00Common constructional features or accessories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F17/00Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B11/00Automatic controllers
    • G05B11/01Automatic controllers electric
    • G05B11/36Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential
    • G05B11/42Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential for obtaining a characteristic which is both proportional and time-dependent, e.g. P.I., P.I.D.

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of lifting transfer logistics equipment, and in particular relates to a transfer machine control method and a transfer machine control device.
  • the traditional transfer machine adopts PLC programming control, and the transfer machine is fixed on a cam mechanism driven by a DC geared motor.
  • the PLC collects the position of the photoelectric sensor, controls the rotation of the DC deceleration motor, and the DC deceleration motor drives the cam mechanism to rotate.
  • the cam rotation drives the transfer machine up and down.
  • the PLC controls the rotation of the transfer machine belt to realize the goods from One station moves to another station.
  • the PLC controls the DC decelerating motor to drive the cam mechanism to rotate, the transfer machine descends, and the upper electric roller rotates, and the goods are removed from the transfer machine to achieve the purpose of diversion and diversion of the goods.
  • the lifting device uses an induction plate to sense the proximity switch, and then the proximity switch sends a pulse signal to stop the motor from braking, and the lifting platform stays at a high or low position.
  • the distance between the metal sensor sheet and the sensor has been less than 6mm, causing the cam structure to deviate from the highest optimal stop position.
  • the stop position of the transfer machine is no longer in the top area of the cam.
  • the stopping position and the standard position are leading or lagging, and the stopping position is not at the top of the cam mechanism, causing eccentricity.
  • the cam is pressed down and the position of the goods is lowered, making it impossible to transfer smoothly. As a result, each device is continuously tested and adjusted, resulting in a lot of labor costs and delayed delivery of goods.
  • the DC deceleration lifting motor is started, in order to improve efficiency, a higher speed is used to start operation.
  • the PLC controls the lifting motor to stop immediately at high speed. Due to the moment of inertia, a certain amount of braking is required. Braking distance.
  • the actual position of the metal sensor sheet is less than 6mm from the sensor, causing the cam structure to deviate from the highest or lowest optimal stop position. As a result, the height of the transfer machine and its docking equipment are not at the same level, and the cargo box will deviate or collide during transfer.
  • the invention patent application CN201711467927.6 discloses a transfer device and a transfer method using the transfer device to complete the transfer process, and specifically discloses the method including (1) When the material is transported from the feeding roller table to the transfer area , The feed sensor switch senses the material to enter the transfer area and transmits the material signal to the PLC controller; (2) After the PLC controller receives the material signal, it controls the rollers of the feeding roller table to stop rotating and output the transfer signal, The transfer machine starts the transfer action, the cylinder is retracted, and the material is pulled to the reclaiming roller table through the material pulling device; (3) After the transfer machine completes the transfer action, the discharge sensor switch on the reclaiming roller table senses the material and The discharging signal is transmitted to the PLC controller.
  • the PLC controller After receiving the discharging signal, the PLC controller sends a cancel signal to the transfer machine, the transfer machine cancels the transfer action, the cylinder is ejected, the pulling device is reset and standby, and the feeding roller table is at the same time The rollers resume rotation.
  • This method is to send materials from the feeding roller table to the transfer area through the induction signal, and does not involve the coordinated control of the lifting process of the transfer machine.
  • the PLC controller senses the signal to control the action of the cylinder, and there is a difference in the working mode of the cylinder and the motor.
  • the utility model patent CN201720055351.1 discloses the lifting drive device of the transfer platform in the palletizer, and specifically discloses that when the transfer platform 3 moves upward to touch the upper end travel protection switch 21, the upper end travel protection switch 21 can send a signal To the PLC central controller 10, so as to drive the PLC central controller 10 to issue a stop command; the lower end of the support frame 2 is provided with a lower end travel protection switch 22, when the transfer platform 3 moves down to touch the lower end travel protection switch 22 , The lower end travel protection switch 22 can send a signal to the PLC central controller 10, thereby driving the PLC central controller 10 to issue a shutdown instruction. That is, this process has problem 1 in the prior art.
  • the utility model also discloses that the PLC central controller 10 can feed back the frequency adjustment amount to the inverter 101 in real time according to the current position and height of the transfer platform 3 and the current speed of the transfer platform 3, so that the motor 102 can be easily adjusted.
  • the speed of the motor can be adjusted in real time, so that the motor 102 can accelerate or decelerate with variable acceleration at any initial stage, so that the transmission chain 4 can drive the transfer platform 3 to accelerate or decelerate with variable acceleration.
  • This process can avoid the occurrence of speed discontinuities and speed jumps during the operation of the transfer platform 3, thereby effectively reducing the impact of the transfer platform 3 on the entire palletizer during the operation.
  • this utility model solves the problem 2 in the prior art to a certain extent by adjusting the motor acceleration in real time, it does not disclose the coordinated control of the lifting process of the transfer machine and the transfer process of the transfer machine.
  • the present invention proposes a transfer machine control method and a transfer machine control device based on the hardware equipment of the existing transfer machine control system.
  • the invention only controls the transfer machine before leaving the factory.
  • the logical setting enables the transfer machine to stop at the standard position, and the height of the transfer machine is at the same level as the docking equipment, which smoothly transfers and avoids the deviation or collision of the cargo box.
  • a control method of a transfer machine of the present invention includes:
  • the transfer machine control device triggers the interrupt service program when the signal edge of the arrival pulse signal jumps, and controls the lifting motor to brake.
  • the present invention is implemented based on the existing transfer machine control system described in the background art, and the control logic setting, such as the PLC control logic setting, is performed before the transfer machine leaves the factory.
  • the present invention changes the signal acquisition method of the existing transfer machine control device, that is, no periodic scanning method acquisition is performed, but the edge of the signal is acquired to trigger the brake instantaneously.
  • the transfer machine moves up and down on the rack.
  • the metal sensor sheet on the cam contacts the sensor (usually a photoelectric sensor) above the rack, it is assumed that the transfer machine rises to the top and needs to stop at the machine.
  • the standard position above the rack refers to the position where the transfer machine can transfer the load smoothly); when the metal sensor sheet on the cam touches the sensor below the rack when moving downwards, the transfer machine is considered to be lowered to the bottom. Stop at the bottom of the rack.
  • the braking situation includes the braking situation stopping at the standard position and the braking situation stopping at the bottom of the frame.
  • the arrival pulse signal is an arrival pulse signal when the transfer machine stops at a standard position, or an arrival pulse signal when the transfer machine stops at the bottom position of the frame.
  • the arrival pulse signal refers to a pulse signal that changes from 0 to 1, or a pulse signal that changes from 1 to 0.
  • the transfer machine control device collects the signal edge (that is, the rising edge) of the pulse signal and jumps to trigger the interrupt service program; and when the sensor is not triggered, the signal is 1
  • the transfer machine control device collects the signal edge (that is, the falling edge) of the pulse signal and jumps to trigger the interrupt service program.
  • the invention adopts edge interrupt control and trigger mode to collect, which can quickly control the brake of the lifting motor within a short stroke collected by the sensor, and reduce the delay caused by similar PLC control.
  • the method further includes: upon receiving the brake command of the lifting motor, the transfer machine control device outputs the brake reverse torque calculated in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm to the lifting motor, so that the lifting motor can quickly brake.
  • the existing lifting motor uses a higher speed to start.
  • a certain braking distance is required, which in turn causes the stop position of the transfer mechanism to deviate from the standard position, such as the deviation from the docking equipment at the same level position.
  • the present invention changes the existing braking method of long braking distance under high-speed operation, adopts PID real-time adjustment, and realizes fast braking with short braking distance by outputting a reverse torque greater than the motor torque at the moment of braking. .
  • the present invention Since the present invention has solved the problem of signal acquisition delay when the interrupt program is triggered, the braking distance is further optimized and controlled on this basis, so that the final braking position of the transfer machine is the standard position. This is an optimization of the brake control accuracy during the entire braking process (that is, from the triggering of the brake signal-the execution of the brake signal-the end of the brake command).
  • the braking reverse torque is greater than the motor rotating torque at the moment of braking of the lifting motor.
  • the method further includes: when the lifting motor is braking, when the transfer machine control device monitors that the busbar voltage exceeds the voltage threshold, connects to a bleeder circuit to release the current, so as to reduce the back electromotive force of the lifting motor until the busbar voltage is low The bleeder circuit is disconnected when the voltage threshold is reached.
  • the method further includes: when the transfer machine control device receives the goods arrival signal, the transfer machine control device starts the lifting motor to rise, and at the same time starts the transfer motor to rotate.
  • the existing transfer machine only considers lifting control or transfer level control unilaterally, and does not perform coordinated control of lifting and transfer.
  • the invention further optimizes the zero-wait intelligent linkage between lifting and transfer control under the optimization control of the brake position accuracy, so as to improve the transmission efficiency of the existing transfer machine control system.
  • the rotation speed of the transfer motor is increased from 0 to the set speed value according to the starting curve.
  • the transfer machine control device controls the transfer motor to stop rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to descend.
  • a transfer machine control device including:
  • Signal acquisition module used to collect the signal edge of the pulse signal when the sensor above or below the transfer machine frame is triggered to reach the pulse signal, and trigger the brake control module;
  • the brake control module is used to start the interrupt service program and control the brake of the lifting motor.
  • the transfer machine control device of the present invention is the drive control core of the entire transfer control system, which is used to collect the signal edge (rising edge or falling edge) of the arriving pulse signal, and control the braking and braking of the lifting motor.
  • the device further includes: a torque closed-loop control module, which is used to calculate the braking reverse torque in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm when receiving the lifting motor brake command, and output it to the lifting motor.
  • a torque closed-loop control module which is used to calculate the braking reverse torque in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm when receiving the lifting motor brake command, and output it to the lifting motor.
  • the device further includes: a coordinated operation module, which is used to start the lifting motor to rise and at the same time to start the transfer motor to rotate when the cargo arrival signal is received; when the transfer machine transfers the goods into place, the transfer machine control device controls The transfer motor stops rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to descend.
  • a coordinated operation module which is used to start the lifting motor to rise and at the same time to start the transfer motor to rotate when the cargo arrival signal is received; when the transfer machine transfers the goods into place, the transfer machine control device controls The transfer motor stops rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to descend.
  • the transfer machine control method and the transfer machine control device of the present invention are suitable for the existing transfer machine control system, and only carry out the control logic design before leaving the factory, which has the following advantages:
  • the braking force is greater than ordinary braking force and the braking distance is smaller.
  • the control is simple. Before the goods arrive, just add a start signal to start the whole system.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the work flow of a transfer machine control method according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a control device for a transfer machine of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wiring of the hardware structure of FIG. 2.
  • the existing transfer machine control system includes a transfer machine frame, a transfer motor, a cam, a lifting motor, two sensors arranged above and below the transfer machine frame, and a transfer machine control device.
  • the transfer machine motor is usually a DC reduction belt transfer machine
  • the lifting motor is usually a lifting DC reduction motor.
  • the sensor is generally a non-contact position photoelectric sensor.
  • the transfer machine control device is the core of the entire drive control and has an MCU core processor, which has a sensor signal acquisition interface, a motor drive control interface, an external PLC and an I/O expansion interface.
  • the present invention proposes a transfer machine control method, which does not require PLC control, and can be used after the test is completed before the transfer machine control device leaves the factory, saving time and labor costs.
  • the transfer machine control method includes: when the sensor above or below the transfer machine frame is triggered to reach the pulse signal, the transfer machine control device triggers an interrupt service program to control the lift when the signal edge of the arrival pulse signal jumps. Motor brake.
  • the transfer machine control device triggers the interrupt service program when the signal edge of the arrival pulse signal jumps to control the elevator motor to brake above the frame. position.
  • the transfer machine control device triggers the interrupt service program when the signal edge of the arrival pulse signal jumps, and controls the lifting motor to brake at the bottom of the frame.
  • the signal is 0, and when a signal is sensed, the signal is 1.
  • the lifting motor drives the cam to rotate up or down, when the metal sensor sheet reaches the position of 6mm from greater than 6mm, the trigger sensor changes from 0 to 1, and the signal edge jumps. 0 delay, the interrupt service program is triggered immediately, and the lifting motor is controlled to brake immediately.
  • the method of the present invention also includes: upon receiving the brake command of the lifting motor, the transfer machine control device outputs the brake reverse torque calculated in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm to the lifting motor, so that the lifting motor can quickly brake and brake.
  • the reverse braking force of the large lifting motor can output the brake reflection torque to the lifting motor at the moment of receiving the brake command of the lifting motor for rapid braking.
  • the brake speed value is calculated based on the PID algorithm.
  • the pulse width modulation signal is calculated based on the braking speed value, the current speed of the motor, and the current current of the motor. The pulse width modulation signal controls the lifting motor to brake under a large braking reverse torque.
  • the braking reverse torque is the torque of the motor at the moment of braking. 3 times.
  • the motor runs at a high speed, decelerates immediately according to the trapezoidal curve at a speed of 10000RPM/min, and stops immediately within 10ms.
  • the error is controlled within ⁇ 1°C, and it is guaranteed that the lifting motor will rise to the top error within the error range of ⁇ 1°C. It is less than 2mm. Since the structure design adopts the cam design, the height error transmitted to the transfer equipment is less than 1mm, which ensures that the lift height of the transfer equipment remains level with other equipment.
  • the method of the present invention further includes: when the lifting motor is braking, the transfer machine control device monitors that the bus voltage exceeds the voltage threshold, connecting to the bleeder circuit to release the current, In order to reduce the back electromotive force of the lifting motor, the bleeder circuit will be disconnected until the bus voltage is lower than the voltage threshold.
  • the bleeder circuit can be directly grounded or connected to a resistor. For example, when the bus voltage exceeds 1.25 times of the rated voltage, immediately open the bleeder circuit to release the current, causing the bus voltage to drop rapidly. When it is lower than 1.25 times of the bus voltage, turn off the bleed circuit.
  • the opening and closing of the bleeder circuit can be controlled by a switching device, such as a MOS tube, and the on-characteristic of the switching device can be used to connect or disconnect the bleeder circuit.
  • the method of the present invention also includes: when the transfer machine control device receives the goods arrival signal, the transfer machine control device starts the lifting motor to rise, and at the same time starts the transfer motor to rotate.
  • the transfer machine control device starts and controls the lifting motor and the transfer motor respectively.
  • the transfer machine control device collects whether the goods arrive in real time through the external PLC or I/O expansion interface. When receiving the goods arrival signal, it starts the lifting motor to rise, and at the same time starts the transfer motor to rotate quickly. During the period when the transfer machine rises from the sensor below the rack to the sensor above the rack, the rotation speed of the transfer motor rises from 0 to the set speed value according to the starting curve. In this way, once the goods are controlled by the lifting motor to rise to the position to be transferred above the rack, the transfer motor immediately takes over the goods, realizing zero waiting time.
  • the method of the present invention further includes: when the transfer machine transfers the goods into place, the transfer machine control device controls the transfer motor to stop rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to descend. After the transfer motor completes the transfer task, it stops rotating, and the lifting motor lowers to the bottom of the frame for the next cargo transportation. In this way, intelligent linkage can be realized, and it can avoid that the transfer has not been started or the starting speed has not reached the set speed, which causes the goods to wait or the transfer speed is lower than the set speed, which reduces the transmission efficiency of the transfer machine system.
  • the present invention proposes a transfer machine control device, which includes a signal acquisition module and a brake control module.
  • the signal acquisition module is used to collect the signal edge of the pulse signal to trigger the brake control module when the sensor above or below the transfer machine frame is triggered to reach the pulse signal.
  • the signal acquisition module may include a PNP sampling circuit and a voltage conversion circuit. The PNP sampling circuit obtains the sampling signal of the sensor, and then outputs the signal that can be received by the MCU processor through the voltage conversion circuit.
  • the MCU processor uses a low-power 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 embedded processor with a 72MHz operating frequency, which can reach 1.25DMips/MHZ when the memory is accessed in a 0-wait period, ensuring high-speed real-time operation of the system.
  • the brake control module is used to start the interrupt service program and control the brake of the lifting motor.
  • the transfer machine control device of the present invention also includes a torque closed-loop control module, which is used to calculate the braking reverse torque in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm when receiving the lifting motor brake command, and output it to the lifting motor.
  • the torque loop control module may include a driving chip for driving the lifting motor.
  • the MCU has 2 PWM advanced control timers to generate PWM signals, one is to drive the lifting motor through the drive chip of the torque loop control module, and the other is to drive the transfer motor through another drive chip.
  • the transfer machine control device of the present invention also includes a coordinated operation module, which is used to start the lifting motor to control the transfer machine to rise when receiving the goods arrival signal, and at the same time to start the transfer motor to rotate.
  • the transfer machine control device controls the transfer motor to stop rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to lower the transfer machine.
  • the coordinated operation module is used to coordinate the 0 waiting operation process between the lifting motor and the transfer motor.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the transfer machine control device.
  • 3 is the MCU control chip, which has interfaces 1, 2, and 3.
  • Interface 1 is sensor interface 1 for receiving sensor signals above the transfer machine frame
  • interface 2 is sensor interface 2 for receiving sensor signals below the transfer machine frame.
  • Interface 4 is PLC and expansion I/0 interface.
  • the control chip is also connected with a PWM motor drive circuit 5 and a PWM motor drive circuit 6.
  • the PWM motor drive circuit 5 is connected to the cam lifting actuator 7 for controlling the operation of the lifting motor
  • the PWM motor drive circuit 6 is connected to the transfer machine actuator 8 for use To control the operation of the transfer motor.
  • Figure 1 shows the entire work flow of the transfer machine, which is implemented based on the transfer machine control method and the transfer machine control device proposed by the present invention.
  • the transfer machine control device detects whether the goods arrival signal is received, if not, it waits, and if it receives the goods arrival signal, it controls the lifting motor and the transfer motor to rotate at the same time. During the rotation of the lifting motor, the transfer machine moves up. When the transfer machine control device collects the edge jump of the pulse signal triggered by the sensor above the transfer machine frame, the lift motor stops rotating. The transfer motor keeps increasing its speed according to the starting curve during the rotation process. When the lifting motor stops rotating and the transfer motor speed meets the preset value, the transfer machine transfers the goods and transfers it to the specified position.
  • the transfer motor stops, and the transfer machine control device starts the lifting motor to rotate at the same time.
  • the transfer machine moves downward, and when the transfer machine control device collects the edge jump of the pulse signal triggered by the sensor under the transfer machine frame, the lifting motor stops. Then repeat the above process for the next cargo transportation process.

Abstract

A transfer machine control method and a transfer machine control device, related to the technical field of lifting/lowering transferring logistics equipment. The method comprises: when a sensor above or below a machine frame of a transfer machine is triggered to reach a pulse signal, and when the transfer machine control device reaches a signal edge jump of the pulse signal, triggering an interrupt service program, and controlling a lifting/lowering electric motor to brake. The device comprises a signal collecting module, used, when the sensor above or below the machine frame of the transfer machine is triggered to reach the pulse signal, for collecting a signal edge reaching the pulse signal, and triggering a brake control module; the brake control module, used for starting the interrupt service program and controlling the lifting/lowering electric motor to brake. The present solution is implemented on the basis of an existing transfer machine control system, a control logic is simply provided before the transfer machine is shipped from factory, the transfer machine is capable of stopping at a standard position, smoothly transferring, and preventing a cargo container from deviation or collision.

Description

一种移载机控制方法、移载机控制装置Transfer machine control method and transfer machine control device 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于升降移载物流设备技术领域,尤其涉及一种移载机控制方法、移载机控制装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of lifting transfer logistics equipment, and in particular relates to a transfer machine control method and a transfer machine control device.
背景技术Background technique
在物流输送系统的两条输送线路交叉部位,通常需要用升降移载物流设备来改变物品的输送方向,即将物品从一条输送线路移载到另一条输送线路。传统移载机采用PLC编程控制,移载机固定在直流减速电机驱动的凸轮机构上。具体地,PLC采集光电传感器位置,控制直流减速电机转动,直流减速电机驱动凸轮机构转动,凸轮转动带动移载机升降,移载机升降到顶部时,PLC控制移载机皮带转动,实现货物从一个工位向另一个工位移动。当货物移载到达工位时,皮带停止转动,PLC控制直流减速电机驱动凸轮机构转动,移载机下降,其上电动辊筒转动,货物从移载机移出,达到货物分流转向的目的。At the intersection of two conveying lines in a logistics conveying system, it is usually necessary to use lifting and transferring logistics equipment to change the conveying direction of items, that is, to transfer items from one conveying line to another. The traditional transfer machine adopts PLC programming control, and the transfer machine is fixed on a cam mechanism driven by a DC geared motor. Specifically, the PLC collects the position of the photoelectric sensor, controls the rotation of the DC deceleration motor, and the DC deceleration motor drives the cam mechanism to rotate. The cam rotation drives the transfer machine up and down. When the transfer machine rises to the top, the PLC controls the rotation of the transfer machine belt to realize the goods from One station moves to another station. When the goods are transferred to the station, the belt stops rotating, the PLC controls the DC decelerating motor to drive the cam mechanism to rotate, the transfer machine descends, and the upper electric roller rotates, and the goods are removed from the transfer machine to achieve the purpose of diversion and diversion of the goods.
凸轮上安装金属感应片,在安装机架上方固定上非接触位置光电传感器,并在安装机架下方固定下非接触位置光电传感器,金属感应片在上、下非接触位置光电传感器之间,PLC位置采集时,当金属感应片接触上非接触位置光电传感器时,采集信号由“0”变为“1”,此时判断移载机升到顶部,控制减速电机停止,离开时信号由“1”变为“0”;当金属感应片接触下非接触位置光电传感器时,下面传感器采集信号由“0”变为“1”,此时判断下降到底部,控制减速电机停止。参见申请人在先申请CN200967736Y公开的升降移载设备的升降装置,该升降装置利用感应板感应接近开关,继而接近开关发出脉冲信号,使电机停止刹车,升降平台停留在高位或低位。Install the metal sensor sheet on the cam, fix the upper non-contact position photoelectric sensor above the installation frame, and fix the lower non-contact position photoelectric sensor under the installation frame, the metal sensor sheet is between the upper and lower non-contact position photoelectric sensors, PLC During position acquisition, when the metal sensor sheet touches the non-contact position photoelectric sensor, the acquisition signal changes from "0" to "1". At this time, it is judged that the transfer machine rises to the top and the decelerating motor is controlled to stop. When leaving, the signal changes from "1" "Becomes "0"; when the metal sensor sheet touches the non-contact position photoelectric sensor, the signal collected by the lower sensor changes from "0" to "1". At this time, it is judged to drop to the bottom and control the decelerating motor to stop. Refer to the lifting device of the lifting transfer equipment disclosed in the applicant's earlier application CN200967736Y. The lifting device uses an induction plate to sense the proximity switch, and then the proximity switch sends a pulse signal to stop the motor from braking, and the lifting platform stays at a high or low position.
传统移载机控制采用PLC编程实现,存在以下问题:The traditional transfer machine control is realized by PLC programming, and there are the following problems:
1、 大多移载机非接触位置光电传感器采用M18非接触传感器,感应距离0.6−6mm,在距离金属感应片距离大于6mm,其输出信号保持为“0”,距离在0.6−6mm时,其输出信号保持为“1”;由于PLC对外部信号采用周期扫描的方式采集,采样一次PLC的采样周期大约30ms,当金属感应片到达传感器6mm时,其输出保持信号 “1”,由于扫描周期的存在,其可能在之后的1-30ms内,采样到传感器信号“1”,然后控制直流减速电机停止。但是1-30ms的延迟,金属感应片距传感器的距离已经小于6mm, 导致凸轮结构已经偏离最高的最佳停止位置。移载机停止位置已不在凸轮的顶部区域。导致停止位置与标准位置超前或滞后,停留位置不在凸轮机构的最顶端,造成偏心,在较重货物移载时,凸轮被压下,货物位置下降,无法顺利移载。导致每台设备不断测试和调整,造成大量的人力成本和货物延迟交付。1. Most of the non-contact position photoelectric sensors of the transfer machine use M18 non-contact sensors, with a sensing distance of 0.6-6mm. When the distance from the metal sensing sheet is greater than 6mm, its output signal remains "0". When the distance is 0.6-6mm, its output The signal is kept at "1"; because the PLC collects external signals by periodic scanning, the sampling cycle of the PLC is about 30ms for one sampling. When the metal sensor sheet reaches 6mm from the sensor, its output keeps the signal "1" due to the existence of the scanning cycle , It may sample the sensor signal "1" within 1-30ms, and then control the DC decelerating motor to stop. However, with a delay of 1-30ms, the distance between the metal sensor sheet and the sensor has been less than 6mm, causing the cam structure to deviate from the highest optimal stop position. The stop position of the transfer machine is no longer in the top area of the cam. The stopping position and the standard position are leading or lagging, and the stopping position is not at the top of the cam mechanism, causing eccentricity. When heavy goods are being transferred, the cam is pressed down and the position of the goods is lowered, making it impossible to transfer smoothly. As a result, each device is continuously tested and adjusted, resulting in a lot of labor costs and delayed delivery of goods.
2、 由于直流减速升降电机在启动时,为了提升效率,采用较高的速度启动运行,在金属感应片距传感器距离到达6mm时,PLC控制升降电机由高速立即停止,由于转动惯量刹车需要一定的制动距离。实际位置金属感应片距传感器小于6mm,导致凸轮结构已经偏离最高或最低的最佳停止位置。最终导致移载机高度与其对接设备不在同一水平位置,移载时,货箱走偏或碰撞。2. Since the DC deceleration lifting motor is started, in order to improve efficiency, a higher speed is used to start operation. When the distance between the metal sensor sheet and the sensor reaches 6mm, the PLC controls the lifting motor to stop immediately at high speed. Due to the moment of inertia, a certain amount of braking is required. Braking distance. The actual position of the metal sensor sheet is less than 6mm from the sensor, causing the cam structure to deviate from the highest or lowest optimal stop position. As a result, the height of the transfer machine and its docking equipment are not at the same level, and the cargo box will deviate or collide during transfer.
3、 由于设备出厂无法统一设置,现场依靠PLC编程控制,各编程技术人员编程方法与调试手段不同,造成移载货物设备间联动性差,导致输送速度慢、以及阻塞货物等待,效率低。3. Because the equipment cannot be set up uniformly when leaving the factory, the site relies on PLC programming control, and the programming methods and debugging methods of each programming technician are different, resulting in poor linkage between the transfer equipment, resulting in slow conveying speed, blocking the waiting of the goods, and low efficiency.
发明专利申请CN201711467927.6公开了一种移载装置及利用该移载装置完成移载过程的移载方法,并具体公开了方法包括(1)物料由进料辊道输送至移载区域处时,进料感应开关感应物料进入移载区域内且将该有料信号传输给PLC控制器;(2)PLC控制器接收到有料信号后控制进料辊道的辊轮暂停转动并输出移载信号,移载机开始移载动作,气缸收回,通过拉料装置将物料拉至取料辊道上;(3)移载机完成移载动作后,取料辊道上的出料感应开关感应到物料并将该出料信号传输给PLC控制器,PLC控制器接收到出料信号后发送取消信号到移载机,移载机取消移载动作,气缸顶出,拉料装置复位待命,同时进料辊道的辊轮恢复转动。该方法是通过感应信号将物料从进料辊道送入移载区域,并未涉及移载机升降过程的协调控制。并且,PLC控制器感应信号控制气缸动作,气缸与电机的工作方式存在差异。The invention patent application CN201711467927.6 discloses a transfer device and a transfer method using the transfer device to complete the transfer process, and specifically discloses the method including (1) When the material is transported from the feeding roller table to the transfer area , The feed sensor switch senses the material to enter the transfer area and transmits the material signal to the PLC controller; (2) After the PLC controller receives the material signal, it controls the rollers of the feeding roller table to stop rotating and output the transfer signal, The transfer machine starts the transfer action, the cylinder is retracted, and the material is pulled to the reclaiming roller table through the material pulling device; (3) After the transfer machine completes the transfer action, the discharge sensor switch on the reclaiming roller table senses the material and The discharging signal is transmitted to the PLC controller. After receiving the discharging signal, the PLC controller sends a cancel signal to the transfer machine, the transfer machine cancels the transfer action, the cylinder is ejected, the pulling device is reset and standby, and the feeding roller table is at the same time The rollers resume rotation. This method is to send materials from the feeding roller table to the transfer area through the induction signal, and does not involve the coordinated control of the lifting process of the transfer machine. In addition, the PLC controller senses the signal to control the action of the cylinder, and there is a difference in the working mode of the cylinder and the motor.
实用新型专利CN201720055351.1公开了码垛机中移载平台的升降驱动装置,并具体公开了当移载平台3向上运动至触碰到上端行程保护开关21时,上端行程保护开关21能发送信号至PLC中央控制器10,从而驱使PLC中央控制器10发出停机指令;支撑架2的下端部设置有下端行程保护开关22,当移载平台3向下运动至触碰到下端行程保护开关22时,下端行程保护开关22能发送信号至PLC中央控制器10,从而驱使PLC中央控制器10发出停机指令。即此过程存在现有技术中的问题1。另外,该实用新型还公开了PLC中央控制器10则能根据移载平台3当前的位置高度以及移载平台3的当前速度向变频器101实时反馈频率调整量,这样就能方便地对电机102 的转速进行实时调整,使得电机102在任一初始阶段能以变加速度进行加速或减速,这样传动链条4则能驱动移载平台3以变加速的方式进行加速或减速。此过程能避免移载平台3运行过程中的速度不连续和速度跳跃的情况发生,从而有效减少移载平台3在运行过程中对整个码垛机的冲击。该实用新型虽然通过实时调节电机加速度,一定程度解决了现有技术中的问题2,但并未公开移载机升降过程与移载机移载过程的协调控制。The utility model patent CN201720055351.1 discloses the lifting drive device of the transfer platform in the palletizer, and specifically discloses that when the transfer platform 3 moves upward to touch the upper end travel protection switch 21, the upper end travel protection switch 21 can send a signal To the PLC central controller 10, so as to drive the PLC central controller 10 to issue a stop command; the lower end of the support frame 2 is provided with a lower end travel protection switch 22, when the transfer platform 3 moves down to touch the lower end travel protection switch 22 , The lower end travel protection switch 22 can send a signal to the PLC central controller 10, thereby driving the PLC central controller 10 to issue a shutdown instruction. That is, this process has problem 1 in the prior art. In addition, the utility model also discloses that the PLC central controller 10 can feed back the frequency adjustment amount to the inverter 101 in real time according to the current position and height of the transfer platform 3 and the current speed of the transfer platform 3, so that the motor 102 can be easily adjusted. The speed of the motor can be adjusted in real time, so that the motor 102 can accelerate or decelerate with variable acceleration at any initial stage, so that the transmission chain 4 can drive the transfer platform 3 to accelerate or decelerate with variable acceleration. This process can avoid the occurrence of speed discontinuities and speed jumps during the operation of the transfer platform 3, thereby effectively reducing the impact of the transfer platform 3 on the entire palletizer during the operation. Although this utility model solves the problem 2 in the prior art to a certain extent by adjusting the motor acceleration in real time, it does not disclose the coordinated control of the lifting process of the transfer machine and the transfer process of the transfer machine.
技术问题technical problem
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题,提出了一种基于现有移载机控制系统的硬件设备实现的移载机控制方法、移载机控制装置,该发明仅在移载机出厂前进行控制逻辑设置,使得移载机能停止于标准位置,移载机高度与对接设备在同一水平位置,顺利移载,避免货箱走偏或碰撞。In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes a transfer machine control method and a transfer machine control device based on the hardware equipment of the existing transfer machine control system. The invention only controls the transfer machine before leaving the factory. The logical setting enables the transfer machine to stop at the standard position, and the height of the transfer machine is at the same level as the docking equipment, which smoothly transfers and avoids the deviation or collision of the cargo box.
技术解决方案Technical solutions
本发明一种移载机控制方法,包括:A control method of a transfer machine of the present invention includes:
当移载机机架上方或下方的传感器被触发到达脉冲信号时,移载机控制装置于到达脉冲信号的信号边沿跳变时,触发中断服务程序,控制升降电机刹车。When the sensor above or below the frame of the transfer machine is triggered to reach the pulse signal, the transfer machine control device triggers the interrupt service program when the signal edge of the arrival pulse signal jumps, and controls the lifting motor to brake.
本发明基于背景技术中所述的现有移载机控制系统实现,在移载机出厂前进行控制逻辑设置,如PLC控制逻辑设置。本发明改变现有移载机控制装置的信号采集方法,即不再进行周期扫描方式采集,而是采集信号的边沿进行瞬时触发刹车制动。The present invention is implemented based on the existing transfer machine control system described in the background art, and the control logic setting, such as the PLC control logic setting, is performed before the transfer machine leaves the factory. The present invention changes the signal acquisition method of the existing transfer machine control device, that is, no periodic scanning method acquisition is performed, but the edge of the signal is acquired to trigger the brake instantaneously.
移载机在机架上进行升降运动,当向上运动时,凸轮上的金属感应片接触到机架上方的传感器(一般为光电传感器)时,则认定移载机上升到顶部,需要停止于机架上方的标准位置(指的是移载机能顺利移载的位置);当向下运动时,凸轮上的金属感应片接触到机架下方的传感器时,则认定移载机下降到底部,需要停止于机架底部位置。则刹车情况包括停止于标准位置的刹车情况和停止于机架底部位置的刹车情况。所述到达脉冲信号为移载机停止于标准位置的到达脉冲信号,或移载机停止于机架底部位置的到达脉冲信号。所述到达脉冲信号指的是从0变为1的脉冲信号,或者从1变为0的脉冲信号。当设置传感器未被触发时的信号为0时,移载机控制装置采集到达脉冲信号的信号边沿(即上升沿)而跳变触发中断服务程序;而当设置传感器未被触发时的信号为1时,移载机控制装置采集到达脉冲信号的信号边沿(即下降沿)而跳变触发中断服务程序。本发明采用边沿中断控制触发方式采集,能在传感器采集的较短行程内,快速控制升降电机刹车,减少类似PLC控制产生的延迟。The transfer machine moves up and down on the rack. When it moves upwards, the metal sensor sheet on the cam contacts the sensor (usually a photoelectric sensor) above the rack, it is assumed that the transfer machine rises to the top and needs to stop at the machine. The standard position above the rack (refers to the position where the transfer machine can transfer the load smoothly); when the metal sensor sheet on the cam touches the sensor below the rack when moving downwards, the transfer machine is considered to be lowered to the bottom. Stop at the bottom of the rack. The braking situation includes the braking situation stopping at the standard position and the braking situation stopping at the bottom of the frame. The arrival pulse signal is an arrival pulse signal when the transfer machine stops at a standard position, or an arrival pulse signal when the transfer machine stops at the bottom position of the frame. The arrival pulse signal refers to a pulse signal that changes from 0 to 1, or a pulse signal that changes from 1 to 0. When the signal when the sensor is not triggered is 0, the transfer machine control device collects the signal edge (that is, the rising edge) of the pulse signal and jumps to trigger the interrupt service program; and when the sensor is not triggered, the signal is 1 When the time, the transfer machine control device collects the signal edge (that is, the falling edge) of the pulse signal and jumps to trigger the interrupt service program. The invention adopts edge interrupt control and trigger mode to collect, which can quickly control the brake of the lifting motor within a short stroke collected by the sensor, and reduce the delay caused by similar PLC control.
作为优选,方法还包括:在接到升降电机刹车指令时,移载机控制装置输出基于PID力矩控制算法实时计算的刹车反向力矩给升降电机,以供升降电机快速制动刹车。Preferably, the method further includes: upon receiving the brake command of the lifting motor, the transfer machine control device outputs the brake reverse torque calculated in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm to the lifting motor, so that the lifting motor can quickly brake.
现有升降电机采用较高速度启动,当需要即刻制停时,由于转动惯量存在,需要一定的制动距离,继而导致移载机制停位置偏离于标准位置,如偏离与对接设备处于同一水平的位置。为此,本发明改变现有在高速运行下的长制动距离制停的刹车方式,采用PID实时调节,通过输出大于刹车瞬间电机转动力矩的反向力矩,实现短制动距离的快速制停。The existing lifting motor uses a higher speed to start. When it needs to stop immediately, due to the moment of inertia, a certain braking distance is required, which in turn causes the stop position of the transfer mechanism to deviate from the standard position, such as the deviation from the docking equipment at the same level position. For this reason, the present invention changes the existing braking method of long braking distance under high-speed operation, adopts PID real-time adjustment, and realizes fast braking with short braking distance by outputting a reverse torque greater than the motor torque at the moment of braking. .
由于本发明在触发中断程序时,已经解决了信号采集延迟的问题,在此基础上进一步优化控制制动距离,使得移载机最终的刹车位置为标准位置。这是一个刹车全过程(即从刹车信号触发——刹车信号执行——刹车指令结束)的刹车控制精度的优化。Since the present invention has solved the problem of signal acquisition delay when the interrupt program is triggered, the braking distance is further optimized and controlled on this basis, so that the final braking position of the transfer machine is the standard position. This is an optimization of the brake control accuracy during the entire braking process (that is, from the triggering of the brake signal-the execution of the brake signal-the end of the brake command).
作为优选,所述刹车反向力矩大于升降电机刹车瞬间电机转动力矩。Preferably, the braking reverse torque is greater than the motor rotating torque at the moment of braking of the lifting motor.
作为优选,方法还包括:在升降电机制动时,移载机控制装置在监测到母线电压超过电压阈值时,接入泄放电路释放电流,以降低升降电机的反向电动势,直到母线电压低于电压阈值时断开泄放电路。Preferably, the method further includes: when the lifting motor is braking, when the transfer machine control device monitors that the busbar voltage exceeds the voltage threshold, connects to a bleeder circuit to release the current, so as to reduce the back electromotive force of the lifting motor until the busbar voltage is low The bleeder circuit is disconnected when the voltage threshold is reached.
作为优选,方法还包括:当移载机控制装置接收到货物到来信号时,移载机控制装置启动升降电机上升,同时启动移载电机转动。Preferably, the method further includes: when the transfer machine control device receives the goods arrival signal, the transfer machine control device starts the lifting motor to rise, and at the same time starts the transfer motor to rotate.
现有移载机仅单方面考虑升降控制或移载水平控制,并未对升降和移载进行协同控制。本发明在进行刹车位置精度的优化控制下,进一步优化升降和移载控制之间的零等待智能联动,以提高现有移载机控制系统的传输效率。The existing transfer machine only considers lifting control or transfer level control unilaterally, and does not perform coordinated control of lifting and transfer. The invention further optimizes the zero-wait intelligent linkage between lifting and transfer control under the optimization control of the brake position accuracy, so as to improve the transmission efficiency of the existing transfer machine control system.
作为优选,所述移载电机,在升降电机从机架下方的传感器上升到机架上方的传感器期间,转速由0按启动曲线上升到设定速度值。Preferably, when the lifting motor rises from the sensor below the frame to the sensor above the frame, the rotation speed of the transfer motor is increased from 0 to the set speed value according to the starting curve.
作为优选,当移载机将货物移载到位时,移载机控制装置控制移载电机停止转动,并同时控制升降电机下降。Preferably, when the transfer machine transfers the goods into place, the transfer machine control device controls the transfer motor to stop rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to descend.
一种移载机控制装置,包括:A transfer machine control device, including:
信号采集模块,用于当移载机机架上方或下方的传感器被触发到达脉冲信号时,采集到达脉冲信号的信号边沿,触发刹车控制模块;Signal acquisition module, used to collect the signal edge of the pulse signal when the sensor above or below the transfer machine frame is triggered to reach the pulse signal, and trigger the brake control module;
刹车控制模块,用于启动中断服务程序,控制升降电机刹车。The brake control module is used to start the interrupt service program and control the brake of the lifting motor.
本发明移载机控制装置为整个移载控制系统的驱动控制核心,用于采集到达脉冲信号的信号边沿(上升沿或下降沿),控制升降电机刹车制动。The transfer machine control device of the present invention is the drive control core of the entire transfer control system, which is used to collect the signal edge (rising edge or falling edge) of the arriving pulse signal, and control the braking and braking of the lifting motor.
作为优选,装置还包括:力矩闭环控制模块,用于在接到升降电机刹车指令时,基于PID力矩控制算法实时计算刹车反向力矩,并输出给升降电机。Preferably, the device further includes: a torque closed-loop control module, which is used to calculate the braking reverse torque in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm when receiving the lifting motor brake command, and output it to the lifting motor.
作为优选,装置还包括:协调运行模块,用于在接收到货物到来信号时,启动升降电机上升,同时启动移载电机转动;当移载机将货物移载到位时,移载机控制装置控制移载电机停止转动,并同时控制升降电机下降。Preferably, the device further includes: a coordinated operation module, which is used to start the lifting motor to rise and at the same time to start the transfer motor to rotate when the cargo arrival signal is received; when the transfer machine transfers the goods into place, the transfer machine control device controls The transfer motor stops rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to descend.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本发明一种移载机控制方法、移载机控制装置,适用于现有移载机控制系统,仅在出厂前进行控制逻辑设计,其具有如下优势:The transfer machine control method and the transfer machine control device of the present invention are suitable for the existing transfer machine control system, and only carry out the control logic design before leaving the factory, which has the following advantages:
1、刹车力度比普通刹车力度大,制动距离小。1. The braking force is greater than ordinary braking force and the braking distance is smaller.
2、当移载设备与其它输送设备高度不一致时,调整传感器的位置,动态控制升降高度。2. When the height of the transfer equipment is inconsistent with other conveying equipment, adjust the position of the sensor to dynamically control the lifting height.
3、实现在设备间联动,效率提升。3. Realize linkage between devices and improve efficiency.
4、反应速度快,控制转向位置精确。4. The reaction speed is fast, and the steering position is controlled accurately.
5、模块化设计,设备更换容易。5. Modular design, easy to replace equipment.
6、操作简单,出厂设置只需调整好传感器位置即可。6. The operation is simple, the factory setting only needs to adjust the position of the sensor.
7、控制简单,货物到达前,只需加一个启动信号即可启动整个系统。7. The control is simple. Before the goods arrive, just add a start signal to start the whole system.
8、可单独使用,也可作为系统的子系统与其它设备协调运行。8. It can be used alone or as a subsystem of the system to coordinate operation with other equipment.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为采用本发明一种移载机控制方法的工作流程示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the work flow of a transfer machine control method according to the present invention;
图2为本发明一种移载机控制装置的原理框图;Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a control device for a transfer machine of the present invention;
图3为图2的硬件结构连线示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wiring of the hardware structure of FIG. 2.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。The following are specific embodiments of the present invention combined with the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
现有移载机控制系统包括移载机机架、移载电机、凸轮、升降电机、设于移载机机架上方和下方的两个传感器、移载机控制装置。所述移载机电机通常为直流减速皮带移载机,所述升降电机通常为升降直流减速电机。所述传感器一般为非接触位置光电传感器。所述移载机控制装置为整个驱动控制的核心,具有MCU核心处理器,其具有传感器信号采集接口,电机驱动控制接口、外部PLC及I/O扩展接口。The existing transfer machine control system includes a transfer machine frame, a transfer motor, a cam, a lifting motor, two sensors arranged above and below the transfer machine frame, and a transfer machine control device. The transfer machine motor is usually a DC reduction belt transfer machine, and the lifting motor is usually a lifting DC reduction motor. The sensor is generally a non-contact position photoelectric sensor. The transfer machine control device is the core of the entire drive control and has an MCU core processor, which has a sensor signal acquisition interface, a motor drive control interface, an external PLC and an I/O expansion interface.
基于现有移载机控制系统,本发明提出一种移载机控制方法,该方法不需要PLC控制,在移载机控制装置出厂前,测试完成就能使用,节约时间和人力成本。Based on the existing transfer machine control system, the present invention proposes a transfer machine control method, which does not require PLC control, and can be used after the test is completed before the transfer machine control device leaves the factory, saving time and labor costs.
所述移载机控制方法包括:当移载机机架上方或下方的传感器被触发到达脉冲信号时,移载机控制装置于到达脉冲信号的信号边沿跳变时,触发中断服务程序,控制升降电机刹车。The transfer machine control method includes: when the sensor above or below the transfer machine frame is triggered to reach the pulse signal, the transfer machine control device triggers an interrupt service program to control the lift when the signal edge of the arrival pulse signal jumps. Motor brake.
具体地,当移载机机架上方的传感器被触发到达脉冲信号时,移载机控制装置于到达脉冲信号的信号边沿跳变时,触发中断服务程序,控制升降电机刹车于机架上方的标准位置。当移载机机架下方的传感器被触发到达脉冲信号时,移载机控制装置于到达脉冲信号的信号边沿跳变时,触发中断服务程序,控制升降电机刹车于机架底部位置。例如,现有传感器默认未感应到信号时,信号为0,当感应到信号时,信号为1。当升降电机驱动凸轮转动升起或下降时,当金属感应片从大于6mm到达6mm位置时,触发传感器由0变为1,信号边沿跳变。0延迟,立即触发中断服务程序,控制升降电机立即刹车。Specifically, when the sensor above the frame of the transfer machine is triggered to reach the pulse signal, the transfer machine control device triggers the interrupt service program when the signal edge of the arrival pulse signal jumps to control the elevator motor to brake above the frame. position. When the sensor under the transfer machine frame is triggered to arrive at the pulse signal, the transfer machine control device triggers the interrupt service program when the signal edge of the arrival pulse signal jumps, and controls the lifting motor to brake at the bottom of the frame. For example, when the existing sensor does not sense a signal by default, the signal is 0, and when a signal is sensed, the signal is 1. When the lifting motor drives the cam to rotate up or down, when the metal sensor sheet reaches the position of 6mm from greater than 6mm, the trigger sensor changes from 0 to 1, and the signal edge jumps. 0 delay, the interrupt service program is triggered immediately, and the lifting motor is controlled to brake immediately.
本发明方法还包括:在接到升降电机刹车指令时,移载机控制装置输出基于PID力矩控制算法实时计算的刹车反向力矩给升降电机,以供升降电机快速制动刹车。The method of the present invention also includes: upon receiving the brake command of the lifting motor, the transfer machine control device outputs the brake reverse torque calculated in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm to the lifting motor, so that the lifting motor can quickly brake and brake.
具体地,实时采集升降电机转动力矩的大小,利用PID控制实时调节,根据PID力矩控制算法,不间断计算动态刹车反向力矩大小,使得刹车反向力矩大于升降电机刹车瞬间电机转动力矩,通过加大升降电机反向制动力,可在接到升降电机刹车指令瞬间,输出刹车反省力矩给升降电机,进行快速制动。例如,根据刹车停止的标准位置值、电机当前位置,基于PID算法计算出刹车速度值。之后,基于刹车速度值、电机当前转速、电机当前电流计算脉宽调制信号,脉宽调制信号控制升降电机在较大的刹车反向力矩下刹车,例如刹车反向力矩为刹车瞬间电机转动力矩的3倍。这样,电机从高速运行,以10000RPM/min的速度按梯形曲线立即减速,在10ms内立即停止,误差控制在±1℃范围内,保证在±1℃误差范围内,升降电机升到最顶部误差为小于2mm。由于结构设计采用的是凸轮设计,传到移载设备升起的高度误差小于1mm,保证移载机升降高度与其它设备保持水平。Specifically, real-time acquisition of the lifting motor torque, real-time adjustment using PID control, according to the PID torque control algorithm, continuous calculation of the dynamic brake reverse torque, so that the brake reverse torque is greater than the lifting motor braking moment motor torque, by adding The reverse braking force of the large lifting motor can output the brake reflection torque to the lifting motor at the moment of receiving the brake command of the lifting motor for rapid braking. For example, according to the standard position value of the brake stop and the current position of the motor, the brake speed value is calculated based on the PID algorithm. After that, the pulse width modulation signal is calculated based on the braking speed value, the current speed of the motor, and the current current of the motor. The pulse width modulation signal controls the lifting motor to brake under a large braking reverse torque. For example, the braking reverse torque is the torque of the motor at the moment of braking. 3 times. In this way, the motor runs at a high speed, decelerates immediately according to the trapezoidal curve at a speed of 10000RPM/min, and stops immediately within 10ms. The error is controlled within ±1℃, and it is guaranteed that the lifting motor will rise to the top error within the error range of ±1℃. It is less than 2mm. Since the structure design adopts the cam design, the height error transmitted to the transfer equipment is less than 1mm, which ensures that the lift height of the transfer equipment remains level with other equipment.
在进行瞬间制动时,存在升降电机反向电动势快速升高的问题。为了避免对电机驱动电路和电机供电母线电压的影响,本发明方法进一步包括:在升降电机制动时,移载机控制装置在监测到母线电压超过电压阈值时,接入泄放电路释放电流,以降低升降电机的反向电动势,直到母线电压低于电压阈值时断开泄放电路。During instant braking, there is a problem that the reverse electromotive force of the lifting motor rapidly rises. In order to avoid the influence on the motor drive circuit and the voltage of the motor power supply bus, the method of the present invention further includes: when the lifting motor is braking, the transfer machine control device monitors that the bus voltage exceeds the voltage threshold, connecting to the bleeder circuit to release the current, In order to reduce the back electromotive force of the lifting motor, the bleeder circuit will be disconnected until the bus voltage is lower than the voltage threshold.
泄放电路可以直接接地,也可以接入电阻。例如,当母线电压超过额定电压的1.25倍时,立即打开泄放电路,释放电流,使母线电压快速下降,当低于母线电压的1.25倍时,关断泄放电路。所述泄放电路的开通与关断,可通过开关器件,如MOS管控制,利用开关器件的导通特性来接入或断开泄放电路。The bleeder circuit can be directly grounded or connected to a resistor. For example, when the bus voltage exceeds 1.25 times of the rated voltage, immediately open the bleeder circuit to release the current, causing the bus voltage to drop rapidly. When it is lower than 1.25 times of the bus voltage, turn off the bleed circuit. The opening and closing of the bleeder circuit can be controlled by a switching device, such as a MOS tube, and the on-characteristic of the switching device can be used to connect or disconnect the bleeder circuit.
本发明方法还包括:当移载机控制装置接收到货物到来信号时,移载机控制装置启动升降电机上升,同时启动移载电机转动。The method of the present invention also includes: when the transfer machine control device receives the goods arrival signal, the transfer machine control device starts the lifting motor to rise, and at the same time starts the transfer motor to rotate.
所述移载机控制装置分别启动控制升降电机和移载电机。移载机控制装置通过外部PLC或I/O扩展接口实时采集是否货物到来,当接到货物到来信号时,启动升降电机升起,同时启动移载电机快速转动。在移载机从机架下方的传感器上升到机架上方的传感器期间,所述移载电机,转速由0按启动曲线上升到设定速度值。这样,一旦货物被升降电机控制上升到机架上方待移载位置,移载电机立即承接货物,实现0时间等待。进一步,本发明方法还包括:当移载机将货物移载到位时,移载机控制装置控制移载电机停止转动,并同时控制升降电机下降。移载电机完成移载任务后停止转动,升降电机下降至机架底部,进行下一次货物运输。这样能实现智能联动,避免已经升到位,移载还没启动或启动速度没达到设定速度,导致货物等待或移载速度低于设定速度,降低移载机系统传输效率。The transfer machine control device starts and controls the lifting motor and the transfer motor respectively. The transfer machine control device collects whether the goods arrive in real time through the external PLC or I/O expansion interface. When receiving the goods arrival signal, it starts the lifting motor to rise, and at the same time starts the transfer motor to rotate quickly. During the period when the transfer machine rises from the sensor below the rack to the sensor above the rack, the rotation speed of the transfer motor rises from 0 to the set speed value according to the starting curve. In this way, once the goods are controlled by the lifting motor to rise to the position to be transferred above the rack, the transfer motor immediately takes over the goods, realizing zero waiting time. Further, the method of the present invention further includes: when the transfer machine transfers the goods into place, the transfer machine control device controls the transfer motor to stop rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to descend. After the transfer motor completes the transfer task, it stops rotating, and the lifting motor lowers to the bottom of the frame for the next cargo transportation. In this way, intelligent linkage can be realized, and it can avoid that the transfer has not been started or the starting speed has not reached the set speed, which causes the goods to wait or the transfer speed is lower than the set speed, which reduces the transmission efficiency of the transfer machine system.
基于上述方法,如图2,本发明提出一种移载机控制装置,包括信号采集模块、刹车控制模块。所述信号采集模块用于当移载机机架上方或下方的传感器被触发到达脉冲信号时,采集到达脉冲信号的信号边沿,触发刹车控制模块。例如,所述信号采集模块可包括PNP采样电路、电压转换电路,PNP采样电路获取传感器的采样信号,继而通过电压转换电路输出MCU处理器能接收的信号。如,MCU处理器采用低功耗32位ARM Cortex-M3嵌入式处理器,72MHz工作频率,在存储器的0等待周期访问时可达1.25DMips/MHZ,保证系统高速实时性运行。所述刹车控制模块用于启动中断服务程序,控制升降电机刹车。Based on the above method, as shown in Figure 2, the present invention proposes a transfer machine control device, which includes a signal acquisition module and a brake control module. The signal acquisition module is used to collect the signal edge of the pulse signal to trigger the brake control module when the sensor above or below the transfer machine frame is triggered to reach the pulse signal. For example, the signal acquisition module may include a PNP sampling circuit and a voltage conversion circuit. The PNP sampling circuit obtains the sampling signal of the sensor, and then outputs the signal that can be received by the MCU processor through the voltage conversion circuit. For example, the MCU processor uses a low-power 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 embedded processor with a 72MHz operating frequency, which can reach 1.25DMips/MHZ when the memory is accessed in a 0-wait period, ensuring high-speed real-time operation of the system. The brake control module is used to start the interrupt service program and control the brake of the lifting motor.
本发明移载机控制装置还包括力矩闭环控制模块,用于在接到升降电机刹车指令时,基于PID力矩控制算法实时计算刹车反向力矩,并输出给升降电机。所述力矩环控制模块可包括驱动芯片,用于驱动升降电机。MCU具有2路PWM高级控制定时器,产生PWM信号,一路经力矩环控制模块的驱动芯片驱动升降电机,另一路经另一驱动芯片驱动移载电机。The transfer machine control device of the present invention also includes a torque closed-loop control module, which is used to calculate the braking reverse torque in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm when receiving the lifting motor brake command, and output it to the lifting motor. The torque loop control module may include a driving chip for driving the lifting motor. The MCU has 2 PWM advanced control timers to generate PWM signals, one is to drive the lifting motor through the drive chip of the torque loop control module, and the other is to drive the transfer motor through another drive chip.
本发明移载机控制装置还包括协调运行模块,用于在接收到货物到来信号时,启动升降电机控制移载机上升,同时启动移载电机转动。当移载机将货物移载到位时,移载机控制装置控制移载电机停止转动,并同时控制升降电机使移载机下降。该协调运行模块用于协调升降电机与移载电机之间的0等待运行流程。The transfer machine control device of the present invention also includes a coordinated operation module, which is used to start the lifting motor to control the transfer machine to rise when receiving the goods arrival signal, and at the same time to start the transfer motor to rotate. When the transfer machine transfers the goods into place, the transfer machine control device controls the transfer motor to stop rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to lower the transfer machine. The coordinated operation module is used to coordinate the 0 waiting operation process between the lifting motor and the transfer motor.
图3示出了移载机控制装置的硬件结构连线示意图。3为MCU控制芯片,其具有接口1、2、3。接口1为传感器接口1,用于接收移载机机架上方的传感器信号,接口2为传感器接口2,用于接收移载机机架下方的传感器信号。接口4为PLC及扩展I/0接口。控制芯片还连接有PWM电机驱动电路5和PWM电机驱动电路6, PWM电机驱动电路5连接凸轮升降执行机构7,用于控制升降电机运行,PWM电机驱动电路6连接移载机执行机构8,用于控制移载电机运行。Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the transfer machine control device. 3 is the MCU control chip, which has interfaces 1, 2, and 3. Interface 1 is sensor interface 1 for receiving sensor signals above the transfer machine frame, and interface 2 is sensor interface 2 for receiving sensor signals below the transfer machine frame. Interface 4 is PLC and expansion I/0 interface. The control chip is also connected with a PWM motor drive circuit 5 and a PWM motor drive circuit 6. The PWM motor drive circuit 5 is connected to the cam lifting actuator 7 for controlling the operation of the lifting motor, and the PWM motor drive circuit 6 is connected to the transfer machine actuator 8 for use To control the operation of the transfer motor.
图1示出了整个移载机工作流程,该流程基于本发明所提出的移载机控制方法、移载机控制装置实现。移载机控制装置检测是否接收到货物到来信号,若未接收到,则等待,若接收到货物到来信号,则同时控制升降电机和移载电机转动。升降电机转动期间,移载机上升运动,当移载机控制装置采集到移载机机架上方的传感器被触发的脉冲信号的边沿跳变时,升降电机停止转动。而移载电机转动过程中一直按启动曲线转速上升,当升降电机停止转动,移载电机转速满足预设值时,移载机进行货物移载,并移载到指定位置。一旦移载到位,移载电机停止,移载机控制装置同时启动升降电机转动。此时,移载机向下运动,当移载机控制装置采集到移载机机架下方的传感器被触发的脉冲信号的边沿跳变时,升降电机停止。后续重复上述过程进行下一次的货物运输流程。Figure 1 shows the entire work flow of the transfer machine, which is implemented based on the transfer machine control method and the transfer machine control device proposed by the present invention. The transfer machine control device detects whether the goods arrival signal is received, if not, it waits, and if it receives the goods arrival signal, it controls the lifting motor and the transfer motor to rotate at the same time. During the rotation of the lifting motor, the transfer machine moves up. When the transfer machine control device collects the edge jump of the pulse signal triggered by the sensor above the transfer machine frame, the lift motor stops rotating. The transfer motor keeps increasing its speed according to the starting curve during the rotation process. When the lifting motor stops rotating and the transfer motor speed meets the preset value, the transfer machine transfers the goods and transfers it to the specified position. Once the transfer is in place, the transfer motor stops, and the transfer machine control device starts the lifting motor to rotate at the same time. At this time, the transfer machine moves downward, and when the transfer machine control device collects the edge jump of the pulse signal triggered by the sensor under the transfer machine frame, the lifting motor stops. Then repeat the above process for the next cargo transportation process.
本领域的技术人员应理解,上述描述及附图中所示的本发明的实施例只作为举例而并不限制本发明。本发明的目的已经完整有效地实现。本发明的功能及结构原理已在实施例中展示和说明,在没有背离所述原理下,本发明的实施方式可以有任何变形或修改。Those skilled in the art should understand that the above description and the embodiments of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawings are only examples and do not limit the present invention. The purpose of the present invention has been fully and effectively achieved. The functions and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and explained in the embodiments. Without departing from the principles, the implementation of the present invention may have any deformation or modification.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种移载机控制方法,其特征在于,包括:当移载机机架上方或下方的传感器被触发到达脉冲信号时,移载机控制装置于到达脉冲信号的信号边沿跳变时,触发中断服务程序,控制升降电机刹车。A transfer machine control method, which is characterized in that it comprises: when the sensor above or below the transfer machine frame is triggered to reach the pulse signal, the transfer machine control device triggers an interrupt when the signal edge of the arrival pulse signal jumps The service program controls the brake of the lifting motor.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移载机控制方法,其特征在于,还包括:在接到升降电机刹车指令时,移载机控制装置输出基于PID力矩控制算法实时计算的刹车反向力矩给升降电机,以供升降电机快速制动刹车。The transfer machine control method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: upon receiving a brake command of the lift motor, the transfer machine control device outputs the brake reverse torque to be calculated in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm. The lifting motor is used to quickly brake the lifting motor.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种移载机控制方法,其特征在于,所述刹车反向力矩大于升降电机刹车瞬间电机转动力矩。The transfer machine control method according to claim 2, wherein the braking reverse torque is greater than the motor rotation torque at the moment of braking of the lifting motor.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种移载机控制方法,其特征在于,还包括:在升降电机制动时,移载机控制装置在监测到母线电压超过电压阈值时,接入泄放电路释放电流,以降低升降电机的反向电动势,直到母线电压低于电压阈值时断开泄放电路。The transfer machine control method according to claim 2, further comprising: when the lifting motor is braking, when the transfer machine control device detects that the bus voltage exceeds the voltage threshold, connecting the bleeder circuit to release Current to reduce the back electromotive force of the lifting motor until the bus voltage is lower than the voltage threshold to disconnect the bleeder circuit.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移载机控制方法,其特征在于,还包括:当移载机控制装置接收到货物到来信号时,移载机控制装置启动升降电机上升,同时启动移载电机转动。The transfer machine control method according to claim 1, further comprising: when the transfer machine control device receives the goods arrival signal, the transfer machine control device starts the lifting motor to rise, and at the same time starts the transfer motor Rotate.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种移载机控制方法,其特征在于,所述移载电机,在升降电机从机架下方的传感器上升到机架上方的传感器期间,转速由0按启动曲线上升到设定速度值。The transfer machine control method according to claim 5, wherein the transfer motor, during the period when the lifting motor rises from the sensor below the rack to the sensor above the rack, the speed increases from 0 according to the starting curve. To the set speed value.
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种移载机控制方法,其特征在于,当移载机将货物移载到位时,移载机控制装置控制移载电机停止转动,并同时控制升降电机下降。The control method of a transfer machine according to claim 5, wherein when the transfer machine transfers the goods into position, the transfer machine control device controls the transfer motor to stop rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to descend.
  8. 一种移载机控制装置,其特征在于,包括:A control device for a transfer machine, which is characterized in that it comprises:
    信号采集模块,用于当移载机机架上方或下方的传感器被触发到达脉冲信号时,采集到达脉冲信号的信号边沿,触发刹车控制模块;Signal acquisition module, used to collect the signal edge of the pulse signal when the sensor above or below the transfer machine frame is triggered to reach the pulse signal, and trigger the brake control module;
    刹车控制模块,用于启动中断服务程序,控制升降电机刹车。The brake control module is used to start the interrupt service program and control the brake of the lifting motor.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种移载机控制装置,其特征在于,还包括:力矩闭环控制模块,用于在接到升降电机刹车指令时,基于PID力矩控制算法实时计算刹车反向力矩,并输出给升降电机。The transfer machine control device according to claim 8, further comprising: a torque closed-loop control module, which is used to calculate the brake reverse torque in real time based on the PID torque control algorithm when receiving the lifting motor brake command, And output to the lifting motor.
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种移载机控制装置,其特征在于,还包括:协调运行模块,用于在接收到货物到来信号时,启动升降电机上升,同时启动移载电机转动;当移载机将货物移载到位时,移载机控制装置控制移载电机停止转动,并同时控制升降电机下降。The transfer machine control device according to claim 8, further comprising: a coordinated operation module, which is used to start the lifting motor to rise and at the same time start the transfer motor to rotate when the cargo arrival signal is received; When the loading machine transfers the goods into place, the transfer machine control device controls the transfer motor to stop rotating, and at the same time controls the lifting motor to descend.
PCT/CN2019/125882 2019-12-06 2019-12-17 Transfer machine control method and transfer machine control device WO2021109236A1 (en)

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