WO2021108396A1 - Igu reversible à adataption electro-optique spatiale - Google Patents

Igu reversible à adataption electro-optique spatiale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021108396A1
WO2021108396A1 PCT/US2020/061996 US2020061996W WO2021108396A1 WO 2021108396 A1 WO2021108396 A1 WO 2021108396A1 US 2020061996 W US2020061996 W US 2020061996W WO 2021108396 A1 WO2021108396 A1 WO 2021108396A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
electro
optical device
igu
light transmission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2020/061996
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Bertin-Mourot
James Gregory Couillard
Original Assignee
Corning Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Incorporated filed Critical Corning Incorporated
Publication of WO2021108396A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021108396A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • an Insulating Glazing Unit comprising a multi-pane assembly having an adaptative electro- optical function capable of changing visible light transmittance (VLT) and sun energy transmittance (SHGC for Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) in each pane.
  • VLT visible light transmittance
  • SHGC sun energy transmittance
  • an Insulating Glazing Unit comprising a multi-pane assembly having at least two glass panes sealed with a defined gap in between, where the first pane comprises an outer glass pane facing the outdoors, the second pane comprises an inner glass pane facing the indoors (or inside an enclosure, when used in applications outside of fenestration technologies), where the two panes are each configured with an adaptative electro-optical function, such that each pane is independently operable to adjust visible light transmission (VLT) and sun energy transmittance (SHGC for Solar Heat Gain Coefficient), such that the IGU is configured for tailored performance of the overall IGU in various considerations.
  • VLT visible light transmission
  • SHGC sun energy transmittance
  • the building envelope and particularly its glazing area have a very significant and direct impact on occupants’ comfort and overall building energy consumption for heating, cooling, and lighting.
  • No existing window technologies enable season, climate, time of day, or other factors into IGU capabilities. Improved performance and modularity are desired.
  • the described embodiments detail an IGU configured to reversibly modify the electro-optical performance of each of its panes.
  • the IGU is configured to reversibly modify the electro-optical performance is in a static position (e.g. not moved after installation).
  • the IGU is tailored to provide adjustable performance between specific types of electro-optical performance (e.g. VLT and SHGC as calculated using National Fenestration Rating Council’s Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence: NFRC 200) based on performance parameters (e.g. seasons condition), thus reducing heating and/or cooling costs, and power usage related to artificial lighting energy, while maintaining low glare and view from the IGU.
  • VLT and SHGC as calculated using National Fenestration Rating Council’s Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence: NFRC 200
  • the IGU is configured to decrease building cooling load in summer, decrease building heating load in winter, and promote a balanced cooling/heating load in inter seasons.
  • an insulating glazing unit comprising: a first pane comprising a first electro-optical device, a first control device, wherein the first control device is configured to control the first electro-optical device to thereby actuate the first electro-optical device to a first pane visual light transmission state selected from a plurality of visual light transmission states; a second pane comprising a second electro- optical device, wherein the second pane is configured in spaced relation from the first pane to define a gap therebetween; a second control device, wherein the second control device is configured to control the second electro-optical device to thereby actuate the second electro-optical device to a second pane visual light transmission state selected from a plurality of visual light transmission states, wherein the first pane visual light transmission state and the second pane visual light transmission state cooperate to provide an IGU visual light transmission state.
  • the first control device and second control device operate independent of each other.
  • the IGU has a gas retained in the gap.
  • the gas is an insulating gas.
  • the first pane and second pane comprise a coating on at least one of: a first surface of the first pane; a second surface of the first pane; a first surface of the second pane; a second surface of the second pane, and combinations thereof.
  • the coating is selected from the group consisting of: a low emissivity coating, an anti-reflective coating; a tinted coating; an easy clean coating; an anti-bird strike coating, and/or combinations thereof.
  • the first electro-optical device and second electro-optical device are each selected from the group consisting of: an electrochromic device, a suspended particle device, a liquid crystal device, a liquid crystal film, and combinations thereof.
  • a method comprising: directing a control signal to an insulating glazing unit (IGU) having at least two panes, wherein the first pane comprises a first electro-optical device configured to provide the first pane with a first visual light transmission state and a second pane comprising a second electro-optical device configured to provide the second pane with a second visual light transmission state, actuating at least one of the first electro-optical device and second electro-optical device based on the control signal, adjusting at least one of the first visual light transmission state and the second visual light transmission state to transform at least one of the first pane and the second pane to at least one adjusted visual light transmission state, wherein via the directing step, the initial IGU visual light transmission state is actuated to an adjusted IGU visual light transmission state.
  • IGU insulating glazing unit
  • directing further comprises directing at least one of: a first target visual light transmission state to a first electro-optical device and a second target visual light transmission state to a second electro-optical device.
  • directing comprises directing the control signal to a first control device of the first pane and a second control device of the second pane.
  • the method further comprises generating a control signal based on an input from at least one sensor.
  • each of the first electro-optical device and the second electro-optical device are configured with a plurality of visual light transmission states.
  • each of the first electro-optical device and the pane and second pane are independently actuatable from each other.
  • the IGU is configured with an initial IGU visual light transmission state, based on a visual light transmission state of the first pane and the visual light transmission state of the second pane. [0020] In some embodiments, wherein via the adjusting step, the corresponding visual light transmission state of the IGU is adjusted.
  • the first electro-optical device and second electro-optical device are each selected from the group consisting of: an electrochromic device, a suspended particle device, a liquid crystal device, a liquid crystal film, and combinations thereof.
  • the method comprises generating the control signal from a control system, wherein the control system is configured with programmable visual light transmission data for at least one of: the first pane, the second pane, and the IGU based on criterion including at least one of: geographic location; season; hour of day/day vs. night; core user occupancy hours; sensor data, and/or combinations thereof.
  • the method further comprises repeating or reiterating the directing, actuating, and adjusting steps. In some embodiments, the method comprises repeating the sensing and/or generating steps.
  • a method comprising: directing a control signal to an insulating glazing unit (IGU) having at least two panes, wherein the first pane comprises a first electro-optical device configured to provide the first pane with a first solar heat gain coefficient and a second pane comprising a second electro-optical device configured to provide the second pane with a second solar heat gain coefficient, actuating at least one of the first electro-optical device and second electro-optical device based on the control signal; adjusting at least one of the first solar heat gain coefficient and the second solar heat gain coefficient to transform at least one of the first pane and the second pane to at least one adjusted solar heat gain coefficient, wherein via the directing step, the initial IGU solar heat gain coefficient is actuated to an adjusted IGU solar heat gain coefficient.
  • IGU insulating glazing unit
  • directing further comprises directing at least one of: a first target solar heat gain coefficient to a first electro-optical device and a second target solar heat gain coefficient to a second electro-optical device.
  • directing comprises directing the control signal to a first control device of the first pane and a second control device of the second pane.
  • the method further comprises generating a control signal based on an input from at least one sensor.
  • each of the first electro-optical device and the second electro-optical device are configured with a plurality of solar heat gain coefficients.
  • each of the first electro-optical device and the pane and second pane are independently actuatable from each other.
  • the IGU is configured with an initial IGU solar heat gain coefficient, based on a solar heat gain coefficient of the first pane and the solar heat gain coefficient of the second pane.
  • the corresponding solar heat gain coefficient of the IGU is adjusted.
  • the first electro-optical device and second electro-optical device are each selected from the group consisting of: an electrochromic device, a suspended particle device, a liquid crystal device, a liquid crystal film, and combinations thereof.
  • the method further comprises generating the control signal from a control system, wherein the control system is configured with programmable visual light transmission data for at least one of: the first pane, the second pane, and the IGU based on criterion including at least one of: geographic location; season; hour of day/day vs. night; core user occupancy hours; sensor data, and/or combinations thereof.
  • the method further comprises repeating the directing, actuating, adjusting steps. In some embodiments, the method comprises repeating the sensing and/or generating steps.
  • an insulating glazing unit comprising: a first pane comprising a first electro-optical device, a second pane comprising a second electro- optical device, wherein the second pane is configured in spaced relation from the first pane to define a gap therebetween; a control device, configured to independently control the first electro-optical device and the second electro-optical device to thereby actuate at least one of the first electro-optical device and the second electro-optical device to thereby adjust at least one of: a first pane visual light transmission state; a second pane visual light transmission state; a first pane solar heat gain coefficient, and a second solar heat gain coefficient; wherein the first pane and the second pane cooperate to provide an corresponding IGU visual light transmission state and IGU solar heat gain coefficient.
  • a high range of dynamic levels e.g. (L3/L0) 2
  • LOxLO 64% VLT
  • the IGU is configured to avoid a window cold draft effect in wintertime, while providing a comfortable natural heat radiation in a region (indoor region) adjacent to the inner pane.
  • the IGU is configured to provide the optimum energy savings and/or user comfort, whatever the building location, seasons and compass orientation.
  • Figure 1A through ID provide a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an IGU apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure, each showing different pane configurations for the first pane and second pane.
  • each pane provides multiple levels (4 in this example) of light and NIR absorption from L0 to L3.
  • the IGU provides two panes, a first pane and a second pane, were each is configured with an adaptative electro-optical function, configured to change visible light (VLT) and sun energy transmittance (SHGC for Solar Heat Gain Coefficient).
  • the IGU is configured with fixed U0 levels on both inner and outer panes.
  • a summer climate is depicted and only the outer pane is darkened, such that and sun light and Near IR (NIR) that are absorbed by the outer pane are re-emitted outside the building, thus lowering the cooling load of the building.
  • NIR Near IR
  • the IGU embodiments detailed herein are configured to adapt to the external conditions, taking advantage of it when it is desirable to do so (e.g. enabling increased VUT and/or SHGC) and protect it when not (e.g. preventing at least one or both of VUT and SHGC).
  • Figure 2 depicts a schematic view of an embodiment of insulating glazing unit in accordance with the present disclosure, in electrical communication with a control system, which in turn is optionally configured to communicate with at least one sensor.
  • Figure 3 depicts a graph plotting computer modeled data for solar heat gain vs. VUT, as shown for the different configurations of the panes with respect, as set forth in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 a graph is depicted plotting inner surface temperature of the IGU during winter, shown for various configurations of the panes (e.g. different independent settings for VLT of inner pane and VLT of outer pane of the IGU), as set out in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are detailed to provide tailored, optimum energy savings and comfort based on the building location (geography/climate), season, and/or incident angle of sun irradiation (e.g. compass orientation).
  • the embodiment presents a modular construction that is configurable based on time of day (e.g. day vs. night, irradiation of sun on IGU location); climate; season; privacy preferences of users, incident angle or compass orientation, among other items).
  • Figure 1A through ID provide a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an IGU apparatus 20, each showing different configurations for the first pane 30 and second pane 40 to provide a tailored, independently adjustable VLT and SHGC.
  • each pane provides multiple levels (4 in this example) of light and NIR absorption from L0 to L3.
  • the IGU provides two panes, a first pane 30 and a second pane 40, were each is configured with an adaptative electro-optical function, configured to change visible light (VLT) and sun energy transmittance (SHGC for Solar Heat Gain Coefficient).
  • the IGU is configured with L0 levels on both inner (second) and outer panes (first), such that each of the first and second panes have a VLT% of 80% and SHGC is 0.7 and the IGU has an estimated VLT % of 64% and an estimated SHGC of 0.73.
  • a summer climate is depicted and only the outer pane is darkened, such that and sun light and Near IR (NIR) that are absorbed by the outer pane (first pane) are re-emitted outside the building, thus lowering the cooling load of the building.
  • NIR Near IR
  • the IGU is configured with an L3 first pane/LO second pane, such that the first pane has a VLT% of 8% and SHGC is 0.2 and the second pane has a VLT % of 80% and an estimated SHGC of 0.7 and the IGU has an estimated VLT % of 6.4% and an estimated SHGC of 0.21.
  • the IGU is configured with an L0 first pane/L3 second pane, such that the first pane has a VLT% of 80% and SHGC is 0.7 and the second pane has a VLT% of 8% and an estimated SHGC of 0.2 and the IGU has an estimated VLT % of 6.4% and an estimated SHGC of 0.54.
  • FIR Far IR
  • the outer pane and inner pane darkening can be balanced according to the thermal comfort needed.
  • the IGU is configured with LI levels on both inner (second pane) and outer panes (first pane), such that each of the first and second panes have a VLT% of 50% and SHGC is 0.4 and the IGU has an estimated VLT % of 25% and an estimated SHGC of 0.46.
  • Figures 1A - ID also depict the first pane 30, second pane 40, and seal, including the seal member 54 and secondary spacer 56 for each of the figures depicted.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a schematic view of an embodiment of insulating glazing unit 20, in communication with a control system 60, which in turn is optionally configured to communicate with at least one sensor 62.
  • the IGU 20 includes a first pane 30 and a second pane 40, which are retained in spaced relation via a seal 24.
  • the seal 24 can include a spacer 54 and a secondary seal 56.
  • the seal 24, first pane 30 and second pane 40 are retained together via a frame 22.
  • the IGU 20 includes a gap 50 defined between the first pane 30 and the second pane 40, and the gap can be filled with a gas (e.g. insulating gas).
  • a gas e.g. insulating gas
  • One or more of the surfaces of the first pane 30 and second pane 40 may have a coating 64 applied on a portion or over the entire surface thereof. In Figure 2, this is represented by coating 64 depicted on the first surface 36 of the first pane 30.
  • the first pane 30 includes an electro-optical device 32 (or material) and a first electrical connection (configured for control/actuation via a control device) or control device 34.
  • the second pane 40 is similarly configured, with a first surface 46 and second surface 48 of the first pane 40, where the first pane comprises an electro-optical device (or material) and includes a second electrical connection (configured for control/actuation via a control device) or control device 44.
  • an insulating glazing unit configured as a multi -pane window (e.g. double pane window) is provided.
  • both the first pane and the second pane of the IGU are configured with an adaptative electro-optical function capable of changing visible light (VUT) and sun energy transmittance (SHGC for Solar Heat Gain Coefficient).
  • the first pane and the second pane are sealed with a sealing member to provide a defined gap therebetween (e.g. insulating gas, air, Ar, or other combinations can be retained in the defined gap).
  • the first pane is configured as an outer glass pane (e.g. facing the outdoors), and the second pane is configured as an inner glass pane (e.g.
  • each of the first pane and second pane is configured with electrical actuation separate from each other (e.g. with the same or different voltage source and/or power source).
  • each pane is configured with independent operation of at least one criterion (e.g. visible light transmission and solar heat gain coefficient, among others).
  • the adaptive electro-optical glazing includes, without limitation: an electrochromic device, a suspended particle device, and a liquid crystal film/device.
  • the adaptive electro-optical glazing is adjustable to provide tailored tuning of VLT and SHGC.
  • the IGU allows for IGU pane condition to control sun glare and/or gain, while maintaining the outside view of the building.
  • the IGU is configured to reversibly adapt electro- optical performances in each of its panes, while the IGU is in a static position (e.g. not moved after installation).
  • the IGU is tailored to provide adjustable performance (e.g. in terms of VUT and/or SHGC) based on performance parameters (e.g. seasons condition), thus reducing heating and/or cooling costs, and power usage related to artificial lighting energy, while maintaining low glare and view from the IGU.
  • each electro-optical film e.g. of the first pane and/or second pane
  • the global thermal transfer of the IGU (i.e. U-value) is configured to be low (e.g.l: ⁇ 1.5 W/m 2 /K, e.g. 2: ⁇ 1 W/m 2 /K; e.g. 3: ⁇ 0.7 W/m 2 /K).
  • the defined gap between the first pane and the second pane is configured to retain a low thermal conductive gas (e.g. Argon, Krypton, mixtures thereof, or vacuum).
  • the IGU comprise multi -pane assemblies comprising a triple pane (three panes), a quadruple pane (four panes) or more.
  • one or more surfaces of the first pane and second pane are configured with low emissivity coatings (e.g. outer surface, inner surface, and/or gap-facing surfaces).
  • the reference configuration ( Figure 1 A) has a high SHGC, which results in window interior that is hot to the touch and high air conditioning costs in summer. Being able to tint the outer pane (as with Figure IB) minimizes glare, lowers SHGC (and hence cooling costs), and leaves the glass surface cooler in summer. However, the glass surface can become uncomfortably cool in winter. Thus, the use of independent tinting on the inner pane (Figure 1C) restores the Solar heat gain to offset heating costs and raises the glass surface temperature to improve comfort.
  • the SHGC can be improved by as much as 4X, and the interior surface temperatures of the IGU are adjustable, tailored by season/as needed, so that they can be raised/lowered by 24 °C in winter/summer.
  • a graph is depicted plotting computer modeled data for solar heat gain vs. VLT, as shown for the different configurations of the panes with respect, set independently from each other. Having the ability to tint the two panes independently enables tailored energy consumption based on IGU parameters, thereby enabling a reduction in energy consumption.
  • the SHGC is determined primarily by outer pane VUT. To get a high SHGC in the IGU, the first pane is tailored with a high VUT on the outer pane. However, to block sunlight to reduce glare, by leaving the outer pane clear and tinting the inner pane it is possible to tailor the IGU to obtain both low VUT and high SHGC.
  • a graph is depicted plotting inner surface temperature of the IGU during winter, shown for various configurations of the panes (e.g. different independent settings for VLT of inner pane and VLT of outer pane of the IGU).
  • Utilizing one or more of the present embodiments provides an IGU and operation parameters for tailoring IGU performance (by independently varying tinting the two panes) and improving building occupant comfort the ability to tint the two panes independently is a method for improving occupant thermal comfort.
  • Ueaving the outer pane clear and tinting the inner pane also increases temperatures on the inner surface of the window. Cold window surfaces can contribute to drafts and room cooling and can also reduce comfort of occupants by making them feel cold.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil et des procédés associés pour faire fonctionner une IGU adaptative, comprenant une première vitre comprenant un premier dispositif électro-optique, une deuxième vitre comprenant un deuxième dispositif électro-optique, un espace entre elles ; et un dispositif de commande, configuré pour commander indépendamment le premier dispositif électro-optique et le deuxième dispositif électro-optique pour ainsi actionner le premier dispositif électro-optique et/ou le deuxième dispositif électro-optique, la première vitre et la deuxième vitre coopérant pour fournir un état de transmission de lumière visuelle d'IGU correspondant et un coefficient de gain de chaleur solaire d'IGU.
PCT/US2020/061996 2019-11-27 2020-11-24 Igu reversible à adataption electro-optique spatiale WO2021108396A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201962941272P 2019-11-27 2019-11-27
US62/941,272 2019-11-27

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040160538A1 (en) * 1995-10-30 2004-08-19 Le Li Electro-optical glazing structures having scattering and transparent modes of operation and methods and apparatus for making the same
US20140307301A1 (en) * 2010-08-05 2014-10-16 View, Inc. Multi-pane electrochromic windows
EP2675979B1 (fr) * 2011-02-17 2015-09-23 Pilkington Group Limited Vitrage à revêtement
US20150338713A1 (en) * 2012-11-26 2015-11-26 View, Inc. Multi-pane windows including electrochromic devices and electromechanical systems devices
CN109073276A (zh) * 2016-03-30 2018-12-21 W&E 国际(加拿大)公司 高效的空间壳太阳能装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040160538A1 (en) * 1995-10-30 2004-08-19 Le Li Electro-optical glazing structures having scattering and transparent modes of operation and methods and apparatus for making the same
US20140307301A1 (en) * 2010-08-05 2014-10-16 View, Inc. Multi-pane electrochromic windows
EP2675979B1 (fr) * 2011-02-17 2015-09-23 Pilkington Group Limited Vitrage à revêtement
US20150338713A1 (en) * 2012-11-26 2015-11-26 View, Inc. Multi-pane windows including electrochromic devices and electromechanical systems devices
CN109073276A (zh) * 2016-03-30 2018-12-21 W&E 国际(加拿大)公司 高效的空间壳太阳能装置

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