WO2021105744A1 - Earring equipped with electric pulses transmission system aim to stimulate the hypothalamus point on ear for creating anorexia - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention earring equipped with electric pulses transmission system aim to stimulate the hypothalamus point on ear for creating anorexia, relates to Biomedical Engineering equipment and supplies. The present invention is a device to transmit weak electricity current to the ear and consequently generate nerve stimulation pulses in the body to reduce appetite that mades of a clips-like section in the shape of an incomplete circular ring.

Description

EARRING EQUIPPED WITH ELECTRIC PULSES TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

AIM TO STIMULATE THE HYPOTHALAMUS POINT ON EAR FOR

CREATING ANOREXIA

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION;

The present invention relates to Biomedical Engineering equipment and supplies and also relates to the structure of electrodes attaching device to the surface of skin including attachment of electrodes used in DS waves transmission and also relates to the manner of stimulation of predetermined points in human body to achieve definite result and also relates to the oscillator and system of creating waves with specific wavelength, wave intensity and amplitude and the technical field of the invention relates to electric and electronic equipment and supplies and also relates to the structure of electric equipments with the ability to transfer electric pulse with certain wave form and also predefined frequency and also relates to nervous stimulation system for transmission or non transmission of nervous messages and also relates to structures associated with the emission of electrons into body tissues. PRIOR ARTS;

The continuous wave laser called “cw-laser” is principally able to emit laser photons as a steady stream. In practice this wave is mainly used for direct or indirect irradiation (intravenous laser therapy usable in popliteal space and or the mouse). This laser can be also implemented in dermatology to improve blood circulation in the respective area of the skin. In addition, there are special appliances such as yellow laser to achieve detoxifying reaction. Researches through experiments on rats indicated that ear stimulation by infrared ray, can stimulate triplet fibers based on laser pulse length.

If you look at the resonance phenomena in a human, you can divide them into physical and psychological phenomena. Physical resonance by which body or the part of body gets into resonance, implemented in stimulation currents are used in many disorders such as to suppress pain syndromes. In transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) mainly dual phase electrical impulses with frequency between 1 to 100 Hz are used.

In connection to laser acupuncture not any frequencies are applied, but mainly those that have proven resonance to acupuncture points or certain tissues. Experiences, which are not evidence-based, have shown that laser applications using frequencies are much more effective as only continuous waves.

Sarindr Bhumiratana and Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, in Principles of Tissue Engineering (Fourth Edition) directly indicated to the mechanism of transmission of electrical signals in body tissues.

Electrical signals are inherent to most tissues. Depending on the specific state of the tissue (development, damage, or homeostasis) the electrical signals change with the specific tissue activities. Electrical currents have been measured in tissue development, wound healing and preconditioning of engineered tissues. These studies have shown the importance of electrical currents in the differentiation, maturation and assembly of electrically excitable cells.

The presence of large electrical currents within the embryo shows that electrical signals are important for stem cell differentiation and early development. Studies of animal embryos show the presence of an electrical field during first cell divisions. Notably, the reversal of the direction of this electrical field caused developmental defects. Equipping bioreactors with electrical fields has enabled the use of electrical signals to modulate stem cell differentiation. By applying an alternating current with 1 Hz frequency, neural stem cells were induced to differentiate into astrocytes. Similarly, a 15 Hz frequency of a pulsed electromagnetic field was able to increase osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.

In wounds, an electrical field is generated across the damaged tissue. Its strength depends on the tissue type, but in general, a stronger field is recorded at the edges of a wound in comparison to its center. The upregulation of sarcoma and inositol- phospholipid signaling pathways establish the directionality of the electrical field, which mediates cell migration into the wound. Similar electrical fields also promoted directed cell migration. The incorporation of electrical stimuli in the bioreactor design for electrically active tissues, such as muscle and nerves, allows for better tissue development and augmented functionality of engineered tissues. For example, the application of pulsed electrical signals 2 ms duration at a frequency of 1 Hz resulted in the significant structural organization of the myocardial grafts. Electrical stimulation resulted in improved cardiac cell alignment and significant improvements of the amplitude and synchronicity of myocyte contractions.

Based on Nogier/Bahr Beate Strittmatter, MD researches, senior lecturer at German Academy of Acupuncture, ear acupuncture is a method for treating acute and chronic diseases without producing side effects. Today it therefore represents one of the most important complementary additions to conventional medicines. One of its main indications is certainly the treatment of pain, but a number of functional, organic and mental disorders may be treated as well. Fortunately, this applies also to a number of diseases for which conventional medicine still has no cure to offer, such as migraine and hay fever. The origin of ear acupuncture can be traced back to the 4^th century B.C when Hippocrates tried to cure impotence by bloodletting at the ear. It is also known that pain has been treated in ancient Egypt by means of ear points. Throughout the centuries we find notes on similar treatments. The best known document in European region is certainly the painting “the garden of lust” by Hieronymus Bosch (17^th century) which shows the Sciatica point being pierced by a needle. A second needle held by a Satan pricks the two points known as External Genitals point and libido point. Ear acupuncture enjoyed certain popularity also in China, but it fell into oblivion during the last centuries. Approximately 20 anterior and posterior ear points were known during the Tang dynasty. The procedure then probably spread to Persia, Africa, India and Mediterranean area. However, there is no evidence that a comprehensive reflex system on the auricle, complete with representations of the entire body, existed. We owe it to the French physician Paul Nogier that ear acupuncture has been discovered and this happened in a way that provided astonishing opportunities for both diagnosis and therapy. Nogier has been able to demonstrate that all organs of the body are represented as reflex zones on the outer ear (auricle). The history of the discovery is as exciting as the therapeutic method itself. Around 1950, Nogier discovered in some of his patients certain scars at specific site on the ear. The patients told him that they had been treated for back pain by applying a red hot needle to this site of the ear, with the result that the pain disappeared. We owe it to Nogier’ s unreserved objectively that he followed up on this phenomenon and studied it. He was able to reproduce the phenomenon successfully and interpreted the site on the ear as reflex localization. Shortly thereafter he realized that, apart from this body area, all other sites or organs of the body must be projected on the ear. He also discovered how to demonstrate these site; they showed increase sensitivity to pressure if the corresponding region of the body was diseased. Then he recognized that active ear acupuncture points- those reflex points that indicate a pathological change in the body or are produced on the ear by such pathology- have changed electrically (reduced resistance and increased conductance of the skin) and this allows for objective measurement of the patients.

Step by step, Nogier established the auricular map used today if the patient had a pathology(inflammation or pain) he only had to search for corresponding electrically altered point on the ear. For example, to locate the reflex sites of large joints or skin areas, he would simply apply a pain stimulus in the respective body region; an active acupuncture point would immediately be created at the corresponding site on the ear, hence could be detected because of its sensitivity to pressure or its change in conductivity (today is a usable method too). There are two basic lines of thought in ear acupuncture, French school and the Chinese school. They differ in the specifications of point localization and their diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

The present atlas describes the French school, intellectual father and pioneer of which was Paul Nogier. His famous students include, among others, psychiatrist Bourdiol and the German physician Frank Bahr. The latter founded his own school in Germany and refined essential aspects of ear acupuncture(for example obstacles therapy, focus diagnosis in patient resistance to therapy, projection of the body meridians onto the ear, as well as the various test procedures for medications, trace elements, vitamins and homeopathic substances). The approach of the French school is rather pragmatic and corresponds to pathophysiological knowledge of medicine. The point localizations have distinct, anatomically oriented assignments to pathologies of the body. In addition the unambiguous relationship of the ear to the corresponding parts of the body can be clearly demonstrated by electrical changes. On the one hand, these active points clearly indicate disorders of the body; on the other hand, they are also-via needle, laser pressure massage-the therapeutic getways to numerous diseases. This treatment is or should be preceded by the diagnosis of the active points in order to provide information on the origin and type of the disease in question. The book “overcoming Blockages to Healing- manual for health care Professionals” written by B.Strittmatter describes the classic ear points which are well-known and anatomically well-defined, as well as so-called functional points that influence the entire system. The book serves to deepen the knowledge and to provide the quick reference for the practice.

The reflex zones and points on the auricle are arranged in such a way that they produce the inverted projection of an embryo. The head of the embryo occupies the entire earlobe. This area is indeed the projection zones of the most important parts of the head (sensory organs, brains, temporomandibular joint, teeth, maxillary sinus and facial muscles). The embryo lies with its back (spinal cord) against the posterior margin of the auricle (descending helix). The embryo covers the concha with its abdomen; here are the reflex zones of almost all intestinal organs. The embryo crosses its legs over the triangular fossa; this is the reflex zone of the lower limb. As a rule, the sensory portions are found on the front of the ear (lateral surface of the ear) and the motor portion is found on the back of the ear (medial surface of the ear).

The three germ layers of the ear are Ectoderm, Endoderm and Mesoderm. The auricle is innervated by three nerves. The great auricular nerve (originating from the cervical plexus), this area supplies the descending helix and the lobule. Here are the reflex zones of the organs derived from the Ectoderm (skin and nervous system). The auriculotemporal nerve (the branch of the trigeminal nerve); this area supplies the descending and superior helix as far as Darwin’s tubercle, the triangular fossa, scapha, the antitragus, and the antihelix including the antihelical wall. Organs derived from Mesoderm are projected in this part (muscles, bones, ligaments, heart, kidney). The auricular branch of the vagus nerve, this zone extended to the projection of the sympathetic trunk where the Concha merges to the antihelical wall. This pattern of auricular innervation is easy to memorize and will be of great help for learning the reflex zones of the ear. Each of the three areas of the innervation corresponds to one of the three germ layers of the ear (Ectoderm, Endoderm and Mesoderm) and it assign to clearly define the group of organs. The central nervous system projects essentially onto descending helix and the ear lobe. Here two general rules apply the sensory portion of the reflex zone is located on the front of the ear and the motor portion on the back of the ear. The projection of the head of the inverted embryo fills the entire lobule. So the main portions of the brain and the head (sensory organs, temporomandibular joint, teeth, maxillary sinus and facial muscles) are represented in the ear lobe. The brain projected onto the entire ear lobe. The bony skull projects only onto the antitragus, the area is not identical with the projection of the brain.

The hypothalamus point marked on the back and side of the thalamus point, on the antihelical wall, ascending from concha to antitragus. The hypothalamus contains the higher control centers of the autonomic nervous system which coordinate the essential regulatory process of the body, including thermoregulation, sleep-waking rythme, and regulation of the blood pressure, food intake, fat metabolism, fluid balance, sexual function, and perspiration.

In 1916, Albert Einstein set up the theory of accelerated electrons, thereby laying the foundation for the understanding and the subsequent development of laser emission. The reason for special laser effect is the coherence of the laser beam compared to the disordered beam of the light photons in a normal light source.

This coherence gives the meaning of the phase equilibrium of the oscillation of the laser photons, means a state of higher energy which can ultimately be used in the mitochondria for energy generation (Adenosine thriphosphate synthesis ATP). The coherent laser light, in the energy jump of the laser photon to a normal light photon (from a higher to a lower energy state, according to the quantum theory) transfers its special energy in mitochondria to a photon acceptor. From there, the energy thus obtained is used for ATP assembly in the respiratory chain, so energy from the outside has actually arrived in the cell and can be used by it. The laser light must strike vertically as far as possible. The scientific basis of the laser, which is mainly the construction of the laser device and all possible wavelengths and penetration depth, G.Litscher and D.Litscher were able to refer to very important researches of his/her own, as well as to therapeutic effect in various fields and supplemented these by carefully reviewing other publications.

In contrast to the assumption of a layman, a pain relief is always “low in energy” because there is a local hyperacidity. There are metabolic slags and the reduction in blood flow. The laser beam brings its special energy into this area through the higher order of coherence and delivers it there. This stimulus blood circulation, local hyperacidity is alleviated and existing pain is alleviated.

In other cases, an energetic coupling to organs and metabolic function can be achieved by using a targeted resonant frequency, which is possible with relatively low laser amplitude due to this oscillation phenomenon.

The doctor and the chemist Michel Weber has been interested in the intravenous application of laser light for years, and has thus often advanced from the field of laser research. His starting point was laser research from Russia. In the present work we owe to him the chapters on direct blood irradiation and the extension to Photodynamic tumour therapy. Main photoreceptor, for example, near infrared light is mitochondria, which are common in cortical neurons. Therefore, brains are ideally suited to respond to light stimulation. An important goal of transcranial laser light therapy is to prevent neurons from dying after hypoxic, toxic or traumatic shock; this has been already demonstrated in the animal model.

Laser stimulation, laser acupuncture, and for example transcranial laser therapy, led to significantly positive results in recently performed animal model studies Alzheimer's; this naturally increases the expectation of innovative laser therapies.

The Chinese oral surgeon Yo-Cheng Zhou used laser acupuncture in China as a type of controlled anaesthetic method for dental indications since 1979.

Zhou developed interesting techniques which involve irradiation of different acupuncture points. For extractions in the lower jaw, one single acupuncture point was irradiated for five minutes with helium-neon laser equipment using a laser beam of 2.8-6 MW focused to a red spot on the acupuncture point. He also works with a C02 laser within the laser therapy range of 0-100 MW, which he considered already at that time more effective than the other one. Zhou performed more than 10000 tooth extractions with this laser acupuncture anesthesia. Even though it was a Chinese doctor who pioneered laser acupuncture, it was a Canadian, Freidrich Plog, who pointed out the usefulness of the laser acupuncture in this context in the western world. He was already testing laser instead of needle acupuncture in 1973. Animal cell structure regardless of the position of the cell, has lots of similarities with other cell tissues, generally membrane of the cell consists of a semi- permeable structure. Existence of circulatory structure as well as electrolytes in the body is a great help in absorbing or entering materials into the cell or residue, extras or wastes inside the cell. Cell membrane can make a smart choice based on cell need and requirements. The materials are in the nature of the ion upon entry or exist into the cell. By accumulation of uncharged ions on sides of the membrane, generally the electrical charge of the ions is equal inside and outside of the cell. When the level of electrical charge proceeds to be positive inside the cell, this equilibrium of the electrical charge is disturbed and we are able to see the migration of negative charged ions into the cell. And also by increasing the accumulation of negative charge inside the cell, immigration of positive ions inward the cell and negative ions toward the outside of the cell increase. The done researches indicate this significant point that the stroke of weak laser beam or ultraviolet light to the surface of the body causes a change in the amount of free electrons and absorption of electrons by positive ions and by increasing the free electrons causes a change in the rate of entry and exit of materials into the cell. This important point can be traced in stroke of Alfa and Beta irradiations or very minor amount of radioactive irradiations. Generally the treatment of some disease and body disorders has been proven by very weak radiotherapy or laser therapy. Increasing in the level of required material in the cell increases the rate of ATP production in mitochondria. Broadly, non microbial diseases, rooted in poor or poorly functioning tissue, typically are due to a deficiency in the function of the tissue components or the very constituent cells of the intended tissue. In most cases, light emitted photons that they themselves are the pack of energy by striking with the constituent atoms of the above materials, the release of the outer orbital electrons and free electron flowing allows the partial negative charge to be delivered around the tissue, the presence of free electrons in the electrolyte of the body increases the ion exchanges of the cell. In some cases, these changes in charges of existence ions on the sides of the cell membrane perform as an ionic valves and by reopening of the said valves, entering the materials to the cell or exiting the excess substances and toxins from the body can be possible, including visible or unvisible light photons and also laminar waves and one-dimensional light such as lasers or radioactive radiation that is the very electron release Another method was developed in the process of changing the charge balance around the cell which can be used as a simple method for this purpose. Due to the conductivity of all tissues and the conductivity of mammals in general and humans in particular caused by the presence of electrolyte fluid in the body, it can be assumed that all body cells in this electrolyte are somehow floating and are constantly exchanging the required materials and wastes with the said electrolyte. In this way, if it is possible to produce the flowing of free electrons in body tissues, It can be hoped that by reaching free electrons to positive ions, these ions will be temporarily neutralized and the negative charged ions and by momentarily neutralizing the ions around the membrane, disrupt the ionic balance and thus the ions present in the cell cytoplasm tend to move. Depending on the type of tissue, the size of the tissue cells, and the density of ions around the cell, each part of each type of tissue may need a specific frequency for these changes to occur around the cell, whatever if the voltage and current were constant and due to the absence of sequence after the first electron emission into the tissue and the first changes of the ionic charges of the internal and external space of the cell reached to equilibrium and the ionic current of materials into and out of the cell is limited to the usual state; but depending on intensity of applied voltage and also the desired sequence for each cell in the specified tissue, it can be expected that the equivalent to the number of times per unit time of the ionic barrier on both sides of the membrane broken and enable the interaction inside and outside the cell. Now by specifying optimum frequency for each type of tissue and specified cell, based on that specified frequency, do the electronic emission in the tissue and stimulate the ionic barrier around the membrane for opening and closing the membrane’s inlet valves. By reaching the required materials to mitochondria the process of producing ATP energy packs accelerated and the discharge of waste from the cell into the electrolyte in the body speeds up the process of refining the waste. This acceleration can reduce the loss of function in different parts of the body and tissue. Now, if we accurately identify the cause of the weakness as well as supply the required materials to the times of this weakness the structure of the tissue can be directed to improve performance with the accelerating factor of material and tissue transfer.

According to researches, weak electricity current can stimulate some organs and consequently affect on different organisms function when crossing through the body and increase in cell energy through laser beam and electron stimulation has lots of similarities on gained results. Different mechanisms can be activated in the body due to the effects of low current electricity on the body's functioning.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION;

The present invention is a device to transmit weak electricity current to the ear and consequently generate nerve stimulation pulses in the body to reduce appetite. The invention is made of a clips-like section in the shape of an incomplete circular ring; in the ring there is a specific point for installing a small hinge; the c-ring will have the ability to open and close with the hinge position. Inside the hinge, there is a spring that squeezes two rings into the closure. At the two ends of the c- shaped ring, the presence of two non-conducting metal spheres that are immersed in the two ends of the ring, causes the continual separation between the conductive metal of the surface of the sphere and the conductive metal of the c-shaped ring. The surface cover of each of the spheres on either side of the c-shaped ring is gold. The gold metal, due to its high conductivity, allows the correct electron current. Two very thin strings of wire, each passing through the ring’s wire profile, are attached to the sphere at the head of the ring and extends from the middle part of the ring to the outside of the ring. By opening the angle of the ring and placing the spheres connected to the ring on the hypothalamus point in the collapsed part of the ear, can attach the ring to the sides of the ear. The connecting wires are connected to a small oscillator circuit. The present oscillator has three classes of circuit design. The main class is an electrical pulse generating circuit in the positive current range; In the way that, the present oscillator circuit will be capable of producing specific signals with the ability to change. The amplitude of the said signals, the signal height and the required wavelength, as well as the frequency of the signal, can be determined by the integrated circuit chipset in the oscillator. The present circuit is programmable due to being connected to the computer and can be rescheduled each time with the help of interface software, and it can regulate depending on the required output. In another class of the circuit of the device, an amplifier system causes the resulting signal strength corresponds to the designed system and supplied the required output. The oscillator is powered by a lithium battery charger circuit; the integration of these three circuits provides a programmable and rechargeable oscillator in the frequency range of 1 to 10000 Hz. The oscillator can be installed on the back of the ear like an external hearing aid, and simply match the ergonomics of the consumer's ear or stay on into the consumer's pocket using a thin cable.

When the said earring applied to the ear, when stomach is completely full the imported electrons into the ear tissue, stimulate the hypothalamus nerve and stimulation of this point results in transmition of a nerve message similar to the nerve message transmitted from the stomach to the hypothalamus and control the appetite and daily input by ventromedial, dorsomedial, paraventricular, and lateral hypothalamus nucleus. The ventromedial nucleus is referred to as the appetite-suppressing or anorexigenic center. Destruction of this nucleus leads to hyperpolyphagia, obesity, and to an aggressive behavior. Contrary, the appetite-increasing or orexigenic center is considered to be the lateral hypothalamic nucleus that can lead to aphagia and cashexy in case of its destruction and to hyperphagia or polyphagia in case of its stimulation.

Appetite control is modulated by the leptin hormone released by the fatty cells that binds to specific hypothalamic receptors. The body’s system for regulating food intake is coordinated by the hypothalamus, which is located under the midline of the brain, behind the eyes: Within the hypothalamus are nerve cells that, when activated, produce the sensation of hunger. They do so by producing two proteins that cause hunger: neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AGRP). Quite close to these nerve cells is another set of nerves that powerfully inhibit hunger. They produce two different proteins that inhibit hunger: cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and melanocyte- stimulating hormone (aMSH).

So, whether you feel inclined to eat or not depends on the balance of the activity between these two sets of neurons. But what determines which set of neurons dominates at any given time? The activity is mainly controlled by hormones that circulate in the blood. These come from tissues in various parts of the body that deal with energy intake and storage, including the gut (which receives and digests the food), the fat (which stores the energy) and the pancreas (which makes hormones that are involved in energy storage, such as insulin). Hormones in the blood :Let’s take a closer look at how each of these blood- circulating hormones work.

Ghrelin is made in the stomach. It stimulates hunger by entering the brain and acting on the neurons in the hypothalamus to increase the activity of the hunger-causing nerve cells and reducing the activity of hunger-inhibiting cells. As the stomach empties, the release of ghrelin increases. As soon as the stomach is filled, it decreases. Insulin-like peptide 5 (ILP-5) was found to stimulate hunger in 2014. It is the second circulating hormone to have this effect and is mainly produced in the colon. But we still don’t know its physiological role. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the upper small bowel in response to food and gives a feeling of fullness. It is released soon after food reaches the small bowel. Researchers have found CCK can stop a mouse from eating as soon as it’s injected into the brain.Peptide YY, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin and uroguanilin are all made from the last part of the small bowel and make us feel full. They are released in response to food in the gut. Leptin is the most powerful appetite- suppressing hormone and is made in fat cells. It was discovered in 1994. The more fat cells we have, the more leptin the body produces. Amylin, insulin and pancreatic polypeptide are made in the pancreas. Studies in the United States have shown that when insulin enters the brain it inhibits hunger, telling the brain “there is enough energy in the body, take a rest”.

Amylin, discovered in 1981, is made in the same cells that make insulin (the beta cells). It has been shown to inhibit food intake. The exact role of pancreatic polypeptide is not yet known, but there is evidence that it inhibits hunger. The hypothalamus also receives signals from pleasure pathways that use dopamine, endocannabinoids and serotonin as messengers, which influence eating behaviour. Once full, the stomach reduces the desire to eat both by lowering ghrelin production and by sending a message to the hypothalamus. Ghrelin levels reach a low around 30 to 60 minutes after eating. Levels of hormones that make us feel full - CCK, PYY, GLP-1, amylin and insulin - all increase following a meal to reach a peak about 30 to 60 minutes later. All the hormones then gradually return to their fasting levels three to four hours after a meal.

The ears are a potential gateway to the brain, mainly through their innervation. Transcutaneous stimulation of the vagus (tYNS) and trigeminal (TNS) nerves at the auricles is gaining ground in the field of non-invasive brain therapeutics.

The concept of Auricular Neuromodulation (AN), described in the article « Auricular Neuromodulation: The emerging concept beyond the stimulation of vagus and trigeminal nerves” 1 is particularly interesting for neurologists, and might even help researchers to unravel fundamental mechanisms of brain functioning. A single electrical stimulation of the ear (250 Hz, 0.14- 1.08mA, 3Y, 4 minutes) is able to directly modulate the activity of brain areas, thereby modifying significantly and specifically resting state EEGsl 1.

The Vagus Nerve: The vagus nerve is the tenth, and longest, cranial nerve, with a somatic afferent distribution to the external ear. This nerve is a major component of the parasympathetic section of the autonomic nervous system. The vagus nerve contains A-fibers, B-fibers, and C-fibers, which have different anatomical features and functional properties. The efferent component of the vagus nerve represents —20% of the total number of fibers contained in the nerve. This component originates from the nucleus ambiguous (NA) and the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) of the vagus nerve and travels through the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen to exert a parasympathetic influence on multiple organs located in these body regions. From these organs, vagal afferent fibers carry general and special sensory information to the nucleus of the nucleus of the solitarii tract (NST). Moreover, sensory somatic fibers innervating a portion of the external ear project to the spinal trigeminal nucleus (spV). Thus, the NST and the spV are, respectively, the recipients of visceral and somatic sensations carried by the vagus nerve to the brain. These nuclei, in turn, project mono- or polysynaptically to a wide network of areas in the CNS.

Within the last decade, several fMRI studies also demonstrated that the central projections of the vagus nerve can be accessed via electrical stimulation of the external ear. Studies have demonstrated that many of the gut hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells signal through the vagus nerve, and the sensitivity of the vagus to these signals is regulated by feeding status. Furthermore, evidence suggests that a reduction in the ability of the vagus nerve to respond to the switch between a "fasted" and "fed" state, retaining sensitivity to orexigenic signals when fed or a reduced ability to respond to satiety hormones, may contribute to obesity. This review draws together the evidence that the vagus nerve is a crucial component of appetite regulation via the gut-brain axis, with a particular emphasis on experimental techniques and future developments.

Signals running up the vagus nerve from the gut to the brain affect your perception of hunger and fullness, your mood and stress levels, and the activation of your inflammatory stress response. Signals running down the vagus nerve from the brain to the gut affect digestion, secretion of digestive enzymes, and gastrointestinal motility (that’s a fancy word for where you are on the scale from constipation to diarrhea). The physical bulk of food in the stomach sends satiety signals up the vagus nerve to your brain. This is how your brain knows to stop feeling hungry after a meal. Nutrient sensing and neurotransmitters produced in the gut, like serotonin and ghrelin, can also send hunger and fullness signals up the vagus nerve to the brain.

Obesity is associated with a lower sensitivity of the vagus nerve to fullness signals, and there’s a lot of evidence that this is caused specifically by diet. Obesity-inducing diets can actually alter the sensitivity of the vagus nerve to fullness signals, so it takes more food for your brain to get the “full now” signal. And just like you might expect, stimulating the vagus nerve (to “turn up the volume” on the satiety signal) tends to cause weight loss in experimental animals - although it’s worth noting that studies in humans have mixed results. The parasympathetic innervations to the GI tract and pancreas are provided by the YN. As a mixed sensory-motor nerve, the vagus contains approximately 70-80% sensory fibers, depending on the species4.

Gastric and pancreatic parasympathetic nerve impulses are performed by the vagus nerve. Since the points in the ear stimulate the vagus nerve and increase the sensitivity and responsiveness of the vagus nerve, and the outer ear is the only place in the body that can stimulate the vagus nerve through the skin, so we can use this device for long term regulatory stimulation of the vagus nerve.

On the other hand, the target point, the hypothalamic point in the ear, is in the relationship with the hypothalamus center based on prior knowledge, and since the hypothalamus is a control center of the appetite, and in obese individuals normal control and regulation are disrupted. By using this device we can help to regulate and control the hypothalamic center and appetite.

We therefore stimulate vagus nerve stimulation and regulation of brain and gastrointestinal communication also in the center of hypothalamus which is the main center of satiety and hunger through transcutaneous stimulations, and reset it in obese individuals. After years of studies and researches in his book “Acupuncture and Innovative laser medicine”, Dr. Bahr attained two important frequencies, Appetite-reducer frequency and self-healing frequency, and these two therapeutic and important frequencies is used in this invention to reduce appetite and to regulate and emend the hypothalamus activities in hypothalamus point of the ear. Finally, we use the waves with frequencies 4070 and 4625 which are respectively appetite reducer and self healing based on the research of Dr. Bahr et al. If needed, by designing a mobile app can provide software that allows you to use your mobile phone as an oscillator by connecting the earring connection cable to the mobile outlet. DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES;

Figure one that shows the accurate position of the hypothalamus point on the ear.

Figure two that shows the form and size of the earring.

Figure three that shows the way, the earring positioned on the ear.

Figure four that shows the dismantled view of the earring. Figure five that shows the edited view of the earring.

Figure six that shows the oscillator box view with the ability to place on the back of the ear.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. The invention of earring equipped with electric pulses transmission system aim to stimulate the hypothalamus point on ear for creating anorexia includes: · At least one clips(incomplete circular ring like C), at least one hinge, at least one spring, at least two metal sphere with gold coating, at least two very thin strings of wire and at least one oscillator circuit.

2. The invention of claim one in which the oscillator box has four electrical pulse creator circuit, integration circuit, amplifier system and circuit for charging the battery.

3. The invention of claim one that is a device to transfer the poor electricity current to the ear and to create electrical stimulation pulses in body with the purpose of reducing the appetite in individuals.

4. The invention of claim one that by using it when stomach is completely full, the imported electrons to the ear tissue cause neural stimulation in hypothalamus area and stimulation of this point causes to submit a neural message like that neural message sent from stomach to hypothalamus and result in quelling of appetite.

5. The invention of claim one in which the c-shaped clips has the ability for the limited opening and closing within the position of hinge by the embedded hinge in it.

6. The invention of claim one in which by using one spring, opening and closing of two pieces of c-shaped ring is possible.

7. The invention of claim one in which two metal spheres with gold coating , which embedded at two end of c-shaped ring, are connected to it with a nonconductor column.

8. The invention of claim one in which two very thin strings of wire passed through ring’s wire profile, connected to two existed spheres at the end of the ring and leaded from the middle of ring to out of the ring.

9. The invention of claim one in which the pulled out wires in the middle of the ring connected to a oscillator which the oscillator can be installed on the back of the ear like an external hearing aid or stay on into the consumer's pocket using a thin cable.

10. The invention of claim one the electrical pulse creator circuit existed in oscillator, is obliged to create specific signals with the ability to change.

11. The invention of claim one in which the created signals amplitude, frequency, height and also required wavelength are controllable and definable by integration circuit chipset existed in oscillator.

12. The invention of claim one in which the integration circuit existed in oscillator is programmable after connecting to computer and with help of “interface” software.

13. The invention of claim one in which there is possibility to strengthen the created signals, adapting them with designed system and provide appropriate output by the amplifier system existed in the oscillator.

14. The invention of claim one in which charging of the Lithium battery of the device is possible with the oscillator.

15. The invention of claim one in which can transform mobile to a oscillator by using the designed application in mobile and connecting the c-shaped ring to mobile’ s port.