WO2021100385A1 - Système de communication à nombres aléatoires et procédé de communication à nombres aléatoires - Google Patents

Système de communication à nombres aléatoires et procédé de communication à nombres aléatoires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021100385A1
WO2021100385A1 PCT/JP2020/039249 JP2020039249W WO2021100385A1 WO 2021100385 A1 WO2021100385 A1 WO 2021100385A1 JP 2020039249 W JP2020039249 W JP 2020039249W WO 2021100385 A1 WO2021100385 A1 WO 2021100385A1
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random number
distribution
source
synthetic
random
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PCT/JP2020/039249
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Japanese (ja)
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宏一良 石井
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株式会社村田製作所
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/58—Random or pseudo-random number generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09C—CIPHERING OR DECIPHERING APPARATUS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PURPOSES INVOLVING THE NEED FOR SECRECY
    • G09C1/00—Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system

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  • the present invention relates to a random number communication system and a random number communication method for communicating random numbers generated by a random number source on the transmitting side to the receiving side.
  • a random number generator for a cryptographic application is required.
  • a random number generator for example, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1.
  • This random number generator includes an analog noise generator and collects a sample of the random numbers generated by the analog noise generator. It then calculates at least one metric, such as the mean, standard deviation, and entropy of the collected random numbers, and compares that metric to the corresponding reference value. The random number generator adjusts the metric based on the comparison result so that the generated random numbers achieve an arbitrary distribution.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and when a random number generated by a random number source on the transmitting side is communicated to the receiving side, even if the communication data is intercepted, it is used on the receiving side. It is an object of the present invention to provide a random number communication system and a random number communication method in which the distribution of random numbers to be generated is not known.
  • the present invention has a first random number source that generates random numbers having an arbitrary distribution, a second random number source that generates random numbers having a distribution different from the distribution of random numbers generated by the first random number source, and a first random number source. And a random number synthesizing means that synthesizes each random number generated by the second random number source, a DA conversion means that converts the synthesized random number synthesized by the random number synthesizing means from a digital value to an analog value, and a DA conversion means that converts it into an analog value.
  • a transmitting means for transmitting the combined random number signal, a receiving means for receiving the synthesized random number signal transmitted by the transmitting means, and an AD conversion means for converting the synthetic random number signal received by the receiving means from an analog value to a digital value.
  • a random number communication system including a random number distribution extraction means for extracting random numbers of an arbitrary distribution from a synthetic random number returned to a digital value by an AD conversion means is configured.
  • a step of causing the first random number source to generate random numbers having an arbitrary distribution a step of causing the second random number source to generate random numbers having a distribution different from the distribution of random numbers generated by the first random number source, and a first random number source and a first random number source.
  • a step of synthesizing each random number generated by the random number source by the random number synthesizing means a step of converting the synthesized random number synthesized by the random number synthesizing means from a digital value to an analog value by the DA conversion means, and an analog value by the DA conversion means.
  • a random number communication method including a step of converting from to a digital value and a step of extracting a random number of an arbitrary distribution from a synthetic random number returned to a digital value by an AD conversion means by a random number distribution extraction means is configured.
  • the random numbers generated by the first random number source and having an arbitrary distribution to be transmitted to the receiving side have a distribution different from the distribution of the random numbers generated by the second random number source and generated by the first random number source.
  • Random numbers and random number synthesis means The synthesized random number is converted from a digital value to an analog value by the DA conversion means, and is transmitted from the transmission means as a synthetic random number signal.
  • the synthetic random number signal transmitted from the transmitting means is received by the receiving means and returned from the analog value to the digital value by the AD conversion means. Then, a random number having an arbitrary distribution is extracted from the synthetic random numbers returned to the digital value by the random number distribution extraction means.
  • the synthetic random number signal has an arbitrary distribution of random numbers having a distribution different from that of the random number. Since the random numbers are synthesized and have a distribution different from the arbitrary distribution, the arbitrary random number distribution to be transmitted cannot be read by the third party. Further, since the synthetic random number signal is converted into an analog value by the DA conversion means and transmitted, the random number generation timing generated as a discrete digital value and the synthetic random number signal communicated as a non-discrete analog value are different. It does not synchronize with the timing of sampling on the receiving side. Therefore, time noise is added to the synthetic random numbers received and sampled on the receiving side.
  • a third party who intercepts the synthetic random number signal during communication will sample the synthetic random number at a timing that does not match the sampling timing on the receiving side. Therefore, since the synthetic random number sampled by the third party has time noise different from that sampled on the receiving side, the confidentiality of communication in the network of the synthetic random number signal is increased.
  • the distribution of the random number used on the receiving side can be found even if the communication data is intercepted. It is possible to provide a random number communication system and a random number communication method without a device.
  • FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the functional structure of the random number communication system by one Embodiment of this invention.
  • (A) is a waveform diagram of a random number distribution schematically showing the process of synthesizing random numbers performed by the random number synthesizing means constituting the random number communication system according to one embodiment
  • (b) is a waveform diagram of a random number distribution according to one embodiment. It is a waveform diagram of the random number distribution which schematically represents the random number extraction process performed by the random number distribution extraction means.
  • (A) is a flowchart of processing performed on the transmitting side by the random number communication method according to the embodiment, and (b) is a flowchart of processing performed on the receiving side.
  • (A) is a discrete composite random number signal of digital values when synthesized by the random number synthesis means in the random number communication system and the random number communication method according to one embodiment, and (b) is analog-converted by the DA conversion means. A non-discrete composite random number signal of an analog value at the time of transmission is shown, and (c) is a partially enlarged view for explaining the timing when the composite random number signal of an analog value is sampled.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of a random number communication system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a random number is generated by the random number generator 2 on the transmitting side, and the generated random number is transmitted to the host (HOST) 3 on the receiving side connected to the random number generator 2 via a network.
  • HOST 3 is a personal computer (PC), a microcomputer (commonly known as a microcomputer), or the like.
  • data is encrypted using the random numbers received from the random number generator 2, and the encrypted data is transmitted to a predetermined destination.
  • the random number generator 2 includes a first random number source 4, a second random number source 5, a random number synthesis means 6, a DA conversion means 7, and a transmission means 8.
  • the HOST 3 includes a receiving means 11, an AD conversion means 12, a random number distribution extracting means 13, a key generating means 14, an encryption means 15, a transmitting means 16, and a decoding means 17.
  • Each of the random number generator 2 and HOST 3 is configured as an IC module, and includes a CPU (central processing unit), a ROM (read-only memory), and a RAM (read / write memory).
  • the CPU controls each part according to the computer program stored in the ROM.
  • the first random number source 4, the second random number source 5, and the random number synthesizing means 6 in the random number generator 2, the random number distribution extracting means 13, the key generating means 14, the encryption means 15, the decoding means 17, and the like in HOST 3 are It is realized by software control according to the computer program of this CPU. However, these may be configured to be realized by hardware by an electronic circuit instead of software control of the CPU.
  • operation parameters and various tables are stored in the ROM. Parameters and the like used in CPU control processing and the like are temporarily stored in the RAM, and are used as a storage work area.
  • the first random number source 4 in the random number generator 2 on the transmitting side generates random numbers having an arbitrary distribution as the first random number.
  • the second random number source 5 generates a random number having a distribution different from the distribution of the random numbers generated by the first random number source 4 as the second random number.
  • Random number generation by the first random number source 4 and the second random number source 5, regardless of hardware or software, is a physical random number source called QRNG (quantum random number generator) or TRNG (intrinsic random number generator), especially light. It is preferable to use shot noise or the like. It is known that in a random number source such as QRNG (quantum random number generator), the time and the probability of appearance of the value are independent, and the relationship with other values is also independent. In addition, the entropy (physical quantity representing randomness) of the generated random number information is high and difficult to predict. In addition, the values of the generated random numbers are quantum mechanically discrete.
  • the random number synthesizing means 6 synthesizes each random number generated by the first random number source 4 and the second random number source 5. For example, as shown in FIG. 2A, assuming that the distribution of the first random number generated by the first random number source 4 is the Gaussian distribution A and the distribution of the second random number generated by the second random number source 5 is the Gaussian distribution B.
  • the random number synthesizing means 6 synthesizes each random number into a random number having a Gaussian distribution C having a shape obtained by adding the Gaussian distribution A and the Gaussian distribution B and averaging them.
  • the conversion of the random number distribution at this time may be performed by standardization conversion.
  • the DA conversion means 7 converts the random numbers synthesized by the random number synthesis means 6 from digital values to analog values.
  • the transmission means 8 transmits a synthetic random number signal converted into an analog value by the DA conversion means 7, for example, the synthetic random number signal s1 shown in FIG. 1 to the network.
  • the receiving means 11 in HOST 3 on the receiving side receives the synthetic random number signal s1 transmitted by the transmitting means 8 via the network.
  • the AD conversion means 12 converts the synthetic random number signal s1 received by the receiving means 11 from an analog value to a digital value, and outputs the combined random number signal s1 to the random number distribution extraction means 13.
  • the AD conversion means 12 directly transfers the composite random number signal s1 converted from an analog value to a digital value to the random number distribution extraction means 13 by hardware without using a program instruction or the like. To do. This DMA transfer is performed asynchronously with the generation timing of the composite random number of the digital value, but may be performed synchronously.
  • the random number distribution extraction means 13 extracts random numbers having an arbitrary distribution from the synthetic random numbers returned to digital values by the AD conversion means 12. For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the second random number of the Gaussian distribution B generated by the second random number source 5 is subtracted from the random number of the Gaussian distribution C synthesized by the random number synthesizing means 6, and the first random number source is obtained. The first random number of the Gaussian distribution A generated in 4 is extracted.
  • the key generation means 14 generates an encryption key based on the random numbers of the distribution extracted by the random number distribution extraction means 13.
  • the encryption means 15 encrypts the data to be transmitted to a predetermined destination by using the encryption key generated by the key generation means 14.
  • the transmission means 16 transmits the data D1 encrypted by the encryption means 15 to a predetermined destination.
  • the HOST 3 receives the encrypted data D2 received from a predetermined destination by the receiving means 11, and decrypts the encrypted data by the decrypting means 17 using the encryption key generated by the key generating means 14. ..
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a random number communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention performed by using the random number communication system 1 having the above configuration, and FIG. 3A is performed by a random number generator 2 on the transmitting side.
  • the flowchart of the process, FIG. 3B is a flowchart of the process performed in HOST 3 on the receiving side.
  • the first random number is first generated by the first random number source 4 (see step (hereinafter referred to as S) 101), and the generated random numbers are generated. Is converted into a uniform distribution by the first random number source 4 (see S102). After that, the first random number of uniform distribution is converted into a random number of arbitrary distribution, for example, the first random number of Gaussian distribution A suitable for the encrypted data used at a predetermined destination shown in FIG. 2, by the first random number source 4. (See S103). Next, the second random number source 5 generates, for example, the second random number of the Gaussian distribution B shown in FIG.
  • the random number synthesizing means 6 generates the random number of the Gaussian distribution C shown in FIG. 2, for example, as a synthesis function. Is randomized as (see S105).
  • the synthetic random number generated by the random number synthesis means 6 is analog-converted by the DA conversion means 7, and is transmitted to the network as a composite random number signal s1 of an analog value (see S106).
  • the composite random number signal s1 of the analog value transmitted from the random number generator 2 is received by the receiving means 11 and digitally converted by the AD conversion means 12 (S201). reference).
  • the composite random number signal s1 of the digital value when synthesized by the random number synthesis means 6 on the transmitting side has discrete values as shown by the dotted line in the figure. ..
  • Such a discrete synthetic random number signal s1 is sent to HOST3 as an analog value which is a non-discrete continuous value as shown by a solid line in FIG. 4 (b).
  • the analog value of the synthetic random number signal s1 is set at a timing t that is not synchronized with the timing at which the random number synthesis means 6 generates the synthetic random number, that is, at a timing t at a fixed interval in which the synthetic random number signal s1 is transferred by DMA. It is sampled and converted to a digital value.
  • This sampling timing t does not coincide with the timing shown by the dotted line in which the synthesized random numbers are discretely generated by the random number synthesizing means 6, as shown in a partially enlarged state in FIG. 4 (c).
  • This timing mismatch is multiplied by the sampled analog value as time noise, and becomes quantization noise when the synthetic random number signal s1 is quantized into a digital value.
  • the CPU removes the above-mentioned quantization noise from the synthetic random number digitally converted by the AD conversion means 12 (see S202).
  • the random number distribution extraction means 13 removes the unnecessary second random number of the Gaussian distribution B as shown in FIG. 2B, and extracts the first random number of the necessary Gaussian distribution A (see S203). ).
  • an encryption key is generated by the extracted first random number and stored in the internal memory (see S204), and the data stored in the internal memory is encrypted by the generated encryption key (see S205).
  • the encrypted data D1 is transmitted to a predetermined destination by the transmission means 16 (see S206).
  • the random number generator 2 has an arbitrary distribution A generated by the first random number source 4 and desired to be transmitted to the receiving side.
  • the first random number is synthesized by the random number synthesizing means 6 and the second random number of the Gaussian distribution B, which is different from the Gaussian distribution A of the first random number generated by the first random number source 4, which is generated by the second random number source 5.
  • the synthesized random number is converted from a digital value to an analog value by the DA conversion means 7, and is transmitted from the transmission means 8 as a synthetic random number signal s1.
  • the synthetic random number signal s1 transmitted from the transmitting means 8 is received by the receiving means 11 in HOST 3, and is returned from the analog value to the digital value by the AD conversion means 12. Then, a random number having an arbitrary Gaussian distribution A is extracted by the random number distribution extraction means 13 from the synthetic random number signal s1 returned to the digital value.
  • HOST3 can determine that it has been hacked by a third party and stop sampling the sent synthetic random number signal s1.
  • the synthetic random number signal s1 is arbitrary.
  • the first random number of the Gaussian distribution A is combined with the second random number of the Gaussian distribution B that is different from that distribution, and the random number distribution of the Gaussian distribution C that is different from the arbitrary Gaussian distribution A is obtained. Any Gaussian distribution A cannot be read by the third party.
  • the synthetic random number signal s1 is converted into an analog value by the DA conversion means 7 and transmitted, the random number generation timing generated as a discrete digital value as shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4 ( As shown in b), the synthetic random number signal s1 communicated as a non-discrete analog value is not synchronized with the timing t sampled on the receiving side. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4C, time noise is added to the synthetic random number received and sampled by HOST 3 on the receiving side. Further, a third party who intercepts the synthetic random number signal s1 in the middle of communication on the network will sample the synthetic random number at a timing that does not match the sampling timing of HOST3. Therefore, since the synthetic random number sampled by the third party has a time noise different from that sampled by HOST3, the confidentiality of communication in the network of the synthetic random number signal s1 is enhanced.
  • the first random number can be transmitted from the random number generator 2 to the HOST 3 as the random number source of the HOST 3 while hiding the characteristics of the first random number. ..
  • the safety can be enhanced by converting the random number distribution into a random number distribution that is difficult to predict and sending the first random number from the random number generator 2 to the HOST 3. This allows the HOST3 side to use good quality random numbers without high computational resources.
  • the first random number generated by the first random number source 4 on the transmitting side is communicated to the receiving side, even if the communication data is intercepted, the first random number used in HOST 3 is used. It is possible to provide a random number communication system 1 and a random number communication method in which the distribution of random numbers is not known.
  • the AD conversion means 12 performs AD conversion because the synthetic random number converted from the analog value to the digital value is DMA-transferred to the random number distribution extraction means 13.
  • the synthetic random number converted into a digital value by the means 12 can be automatically and periodically output to the random number distribution extraction means 13. Therefore, it is possible to facilitate the output of the synthetic random number from the AD conversion means 12 to the random number distribution extraction means 13.
  • the transmission means 8 of the random number generator 2 may be configured to constantly transmit the synthetic random number signal s1 converted into an analog value by the DA conversion means 7. According to this configuration, a third party who intercepts the communication data transmitted from the transmission means 8 must store and analyze a large amount of analog value communication data, and the memory capacity of the storage destination is determined. The limits make it difficult to attack.
  • the random number synthesizing means 6 synthesizes a random number of an arbitrary Gaussian distribution A with a random number of one type of Gaussian distribution B different from the distribution.
  • the random numbers of other distributions having different distributions, which are combined with the random numbers of an arbitrary Gaussian distribution A are not limited to one type, and the random numbers of a plurality of types such as two types or three types are combined. May be good.
  • the random number distribution extraction means 13 subtracts the random numbers of the synthesized plurality of types of distributions to extract the random numbers of an arbitrary Gaussian distribution A.
  • the first random number source 4 converts the first random number into a uniformly distributed random number in S102 of FIG. 3A has been described. However, since it is converted into a random number having an arbitrary distribution in S103 thereafter, it may be converted into a random number having another distribution such as a Poisson distribution in S102.
  • HOST3 can perform LWE encryption (Learning With Errors) and OTP (One Time Pad) encryption more difficultly to guess than before, and also an OTP key. Can be generated more difficult to guess than before.
  • LWE encryption Learning With Errors
  • OTP One Time Pad
  • the lattice points are expressed as the sum of the integer coefficient linear combination of the basis vector and the error in lattice-based cryptography, etc.
  • the random number sent by the conventional system and method is used as the noise data of this coefficient and the error, the LWE problem Is easily solved.
  • Random number communication system 2 ... Random number generator 3 ... Host (HOST) 4 ... 1st random number source 5 ... 2nd random number source 6 ... Random number synthesis means 7 ... DA conversion means 8, 16 ... Transmission means 11 ... Reception means 12 ... AD conversion means 13 ... Random number distribution extraction means 14 ... Key generation means 15 ... Encryption means 17 ... Decryption means

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de communication à nombres aléatoires et un procédé de communication à nombres aléatoires qui, lorsqu'un nombre aléatoire généré par une source de nombres aléatoires sur un côté transmission est communiqué à un côté réception, empêchent qu'une distribution de nombres aléatoires utilisée par le côté réception ne soit découverte, même si les données de communication sont interceptées. Un moyen de combinaison de nombres aléatoires (6) combine des nombres aléatoires générés par une première source de nombres aléatoires (4) et une seconde source de nombres aléatoires (5). Un moyen de conversion N/A (7) convertit le nombre aléatoire combiné provenant du moyen de combinaison de nombres aléatoires (6) d'une valeur numérique en une valeur analogique. Un moyen de transmission (8) transmet un signal de nombre aléatoire combiné (s1) converti en une valeur analogique par le moyen de conversion N/A. Un moyen de réception (11) au niveau d'un HÔTE (3) du côté réception reçoit le signal de nombre aléatoire combiné (s1) transmis par le moyen de transmission (8). Un moyen de conversion A/N (12) convertit le signal de nombre aléatoire combiné reçu (s1) d'une valeur analogique en une valeur numérique et délivre la valeur numérique à un moyen d'extraction de distribution de nombres aléatoires (13). Le moyen d'extraction de distribution de nombres aléatoires (13) extrait une distribution arbitraire de nombres aléatoires à partir du signal de nombres aléatoires combiné (s1) qui a été reconverti en une valeur numérique.
PCT/JP2020/039249 2019-11-21 2020-10-19 Système de communication à nombres aléatoires et procédé de communication à nombres aléatoires WO2021100385A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

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JPS62190A (ja) * 1985-06-26 1987-01-06 Toshiba Corp 画像信号スクランブル伝送方式
JPH1185472A (ja) * 1997-09-12 1999-03-30 Toshiba Corp 物理乱数発生装置及び方法並びに物理乱数記録媒体

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62190A (ja) * 1985-06-26 1987-01-06 Toshiba Corp 画像信号スクランブル伝送方式
JPH1185472A (ja) * 1997-09-12 1999-03-30 Toshiba Corp 物理乱数発生装置及び方法並びに物理乱数記録媒体

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HYVARINEN, A. ET AL.: "Detailed Independent Component Analysis", 10 February 2005, TOKYO ELECTRIC UNIVERSITY PUBLICATION BUREAU, JP, ISBN: 4-501-53860-0, article HYVARINEN, A. ET AL: "Chapter 7 - What is independent component analysis?", pages: 164 - 183, XP009529290 *
YOTSUJI, TETSUAKI: "Probability distribution random number generation method for computer simulation", 1 July 2010, PLEIADES PUBLISHING CO., LTD., JP, ISBN: 978-4-903814-35-3, article TETSUAKI YOTSUJI: "2.3 superimposition method", pages: 82 - 86, XP009529325 *

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