WO2021099086A1 - Temperature measurement arrangement for monitoring the temperature of multiple battery cells in a battery pack - Google Patents

Temperature measurement arrangement for monitoring the temperature of multiple battery cells in a battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021099086A1
WO2021099086A1 PCT/EP2020/080360 EP2020080360W WO2021099086A1 WO 2021099086 A1 WO2021099086 A1 WO 2021099086A1 EP 2020080360 W EP2020080360 W EP 2020080360W WO 2021099086 A1 WO2021099086 A1 WO 2021099086A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermocouples
temperature
measuring arrangement
temperature measuring
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/080360
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hanspeter KLEE
Original Assignee
Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg
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Application filed by Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2021099086A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021099086A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Temperature measuring arrangement for temperature monitoring of several battery cells one
  • the invention relates to a temperature measuring arrangement for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack
  • a monitoring device of the energy storage system comprises a temperature sensor arrangement with at least one temperature sensor, for example a semiconductor element or a thermocouple.
  • a temperature sensor of the at least one temperature sensor extends along a plurality of storage cells and is connected to the plurality of storage cells in a thermally conductive manner.
  • Several signal connections and associated evaluation units are provided for the temperature sensors.
  • One object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive and efficient temperature measuring arrangement for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack.
  • Battery cells in the context of this invention can be both primary, secondary and tertiary galvanic cells, as well as fuel cells. However, the invention is not limited to these cells / cell types. Non-limiting examples of battery packs are batteries and rechargeable batteries.
  • a thermocouple comprises two different metals, the metals being connected to one another to form a metal compound, so that a thermoelectric effect (Seebeck effect) arises between the metals.
  • metal compounds comprising two different metals are NiCr-Ni, Fe-CuNi, NiCrSi-NiSi, NiCr-CuNi, Cu-CuNi, Ptl3Rh-Pt, PtlORh-Pt, Pt30Rh-Pt6Rh, W5Re-W26Re, W5Re-W20Re , AuFe-NiCr.
  • Thermocouples can be used to measure temperature differences between a first location (a first metal connection) and a reference location (a second metal connection) that are connected in series.
  • the metal connections of the two or more thermocouples are in a heat emission area of one or more battery cells arranged.
  • a heat release area of a battery cell is an area whose temperature is significantly influenced by the heat released by the one battery cells.
  • the evaluation unit is set up to detect and evaluate a thermal voltage applied between the ends of the series-connected thermocouples and / or a thermal current applied to one of the ends of the series-connected thermocouples.
  • the evaluation unit can comprise an analog-digital converter.
  • the temperature measuring arrangement has the advantage that overheating of an individual cell in the battery pack can be detected in a fail-safe and cost-effective manner, since the temperature measuring arrangement can be used to inexpensively monitor a plurality of cells with regard to overheating of an individual cell.
  • thermocouples can be connected in such a way that, with an even number of thermocouples, the thermal voltages and / or thermal currents cancel each other out when the same ambient temperature prevails at the metal connections of the thermocouples.
  • thermocouples There is advantageously an even number of thermocouples. This has the advantage that if the temperature of the cells in the battery pack is identical, no voltage is applied between the first and the second end of the series circuit, or no corresponding current is measured. If an ambient temperature of a metal connection of a thermocouple deviates from the ambient temperature of the other metal connections of the series-connected thermocouples, a voltage and / or a current that is not canceled / compensated by the deviation from the other ambient temperatures can be determined at the ends of the series circuit become.
  • a threshold value for a minimum voltage / current in order, for example, to avoid errors due to noise, etc. during the detection.
  • thermocouples can be interconnected in such a way that the same metals of the two adjacent thermocouples are connected to one another.
  • the temperature measuring arrangement is simple and with little effort / manufacturing effort to manufacture.
  • a large number of series-connected thermocouples can be created by alternately connecting different metals.
  • the metal connections between the different metals can then be the metal connections of the thermocouples. This can have the advantage that the result is not consumed by unwanted thermocouples and the resulting thermal voltages or currents.
  • thermocouples can be interconnected and thermocouples comprise metals, so that the thermal voltages and / or thermal currents of two adjacent thermocouples cancel each other out when the ambient temperature of a first thermocouple of the two adjacent thermocouples with the ambient temperature of a second thermocouple of the two adjacent Thermocouples.
  • This can have the advantage that minimal deviations in the ambient temperature of the battery pack in the spatial directions can be compensated for particularly well. As a result, the results of the temperature measurement arrangement can be particularly accurate.
  • thermocouples of the series-connected thermocouples can be integrated in a cell carrier, in particular a plastic cell carrier, of the battery pack.
  • a thermocouple can be arranged, for example, in the interior of the cell carrier.
  • the cell carrier can be arranged around one or more thermocouples. This has the advantage that when the cell carriers of the battery pack are manufactured, the thermocouples are optimally arranged in the heat emission areas of the cells.
  • additional work steps during commissioning or manufacture of the battery pack such as attaching the thermocouples, etc., can be omitted.
  • thermocouples of the thermocouples connected in series can be arranged on a temperature circuit board. This ensures easy access to the thermocouples, which can be important for checking and maintaining the battery pack.
  • a modular principle for different sizes of battery packs can be used for the temperature measuring arrangement, which can lead to cost savings.
  • a thermocouple of the two or more thermocouples can be arranged in the heat release region of two or more neighboring cells, in particular four neighboring cells. This has the advantage that the number of thermocouples required for a battery pack in order to be able to guarantee comprehensive monitoring can be reduced.
  • thermocouples of the measuring arrangement can be arranged between the battery cells of the battery pack in such a way that, given the same cell temperature of all battery cells, the same amount of voltage is generated at all thermocouples.
  • all thermocouples of the measuring arrangement can be arranged between the battery cells of the battery pack in such a way that, given the same cell temperature of all battery cells of the battery cells of the battery pack monitored by the temperature measuring arrangement, the ambient temperature of all thermocouples is identical, in particular when charging and / or discharging the battery pack . This makes it possible to evaluate in a particularly simple manner whether a battery cell is warmer than the remaining battery cells.
  • thermocouples can be arranged between the battery cells in such a way that a thermocouple is arranged in the heat release area of each cell. This has the advantage that each battery cell of the battery pack is monitored with regard to its temperature, and heating of a battery cell of the battery pack can thus be determined particularly reliably.
  • the evaluation unit can be part of a cell monitoring unit (CSC).
  • CSC cell monitoring unit
  • This can have the advantage that individual sensor data can be merged with other sensor data and thus more precise conclusions about the state of the battery cells of the Battery packs may be possible.
  • resources such as memory and computing unit can be used multiple times and that the monitoring of the battery cells can be implemented in a more compact manner with regard to the spatial size.
  • the evaluation unit can comprise an amplifier and / or an analog-digital converter.
  • An amplifier in particular an LNA (Low Noise Amplifier)
  • LNA Low Noise Amplifier
  • the further signal processing in particular an analog signal evaluation, can be improved and simplified as a result.
  • An analog-to-digital converter can have the advantage that the results of the temperature measurement arrangement can be shared particularly flexibly and easily with other devices and system components. In addition, the results can be digitally evaluated in a simple manner and whiteness.
  • the temperature measuring arrangement can comprise one or more temperature sensors for measuring the absolute temperature, the temperature sensors being arranged in the heat release area of one or more battery cells of the battery pack.
  • Temperature sensors can be, for example, NTCs (NTCs, Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistors), PTCs (PTCs, Positive Temperature Coefficient Thermistors), semiconductors, such as diodes, transistors, or ferromagnetic temperature sensors, etc.
  • NTCs Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistors
  • PTCs Positive Temperature Coefficient Thermistors
  • semiconductors such as diodes, transistors, or ferromagnetic temperature sensors, etc.
  • thermocouples can be arranged in such a way that only one thermocouple of the series-connected thermocouples is arranged in a heat release region of a battery cell of the battery pack.
  • This can have the advantage that a thermal voltage and / or a thermal current, which / which on a disproportionate heating of a battery cell is not due to another thermocouple, in which an opposing thermal voltage and / or thermal current is generated due to an arrangement of the thermocouples by the disproportionate heating of the battery cell, is compensated.
  • the series-connected thermocouples can be arranged in such a way that the thermal voltages and / or thermal currents generated by heating a single battery cell relative to the other battery cells of the battery pack, in particular in total, do not mutually compensate for one another.
  • the series-connected thermocouples can be arranged so that a deviation of a cell temperature of a battery cell from the cell temperatures of the other battery cells of the battery pack to a voltage change between the ends of the series-connected thermocouples and / or a current change at one end of the in Series connected thermocouples leads.
  • Figures 1 to 4 each show schematically a temperature measuring arrangement for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells of a battery pack according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a temperature measuring arrangement 1 for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells 11 of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the battery cells 11 of the battery pack are held between and around the battery cells 11 by cell holders (not shown).
  • the temperature measuring arrangement 1 comprises 36 thermocouples which are connected to one another in series. Each thermocouple is arranged in a heat emission area of at least one battery cell 11 of the battery pack.
  • a thermocouple comprises two different metals 15, 16 or 16, 15 which are connected to one another to form a metal connection 13.
  • the metal (material) of the end 16a can advantageously match the metal (material) of the end 16b.
  • the ends 16a, 16b of the series-connected thermocouples are connected to the evaluation unit 12 with connecting elements 17.
  • the connecting elements 17 can be cables, wiring, conductor tracks, etc., for example.
  • the connecting elements 17 can be, for example, releasable connections or fixed connections.
  • the connecting elements can advantageously be electrically conductive. It can be advantageous that the ambient temperature of the connection of the end 16a with a connecting element 17 corresponds to the ambient temperature of the connection of the end 16b with a connecting element 17, so that any thermal voltages / thermal currents compensate each other accordingly. For the same reasons, it can be advantageous for the ambient temperature of the connections between connecting elements 17 and the evaluation unit 12 to match.
  • the metals of the ends 16a, 16b of the series connection can match the metals of the connecting elements, so that accordingly no thermal voltages arise and the temperature measuring arrangement is less sensitive to ambient temperature fluctuations.
  • thermocouples including the metal connections 13 are arranged above the cells, for example above the cell connectors, but electrically decoupled from the cell connectors.
  • This has the advantage that the ambient temperature around a connection point between a cell and cell connector depends very strongly on the cell temperature of the cell.
  • the cell (battery cell) 11 can over thermal and electrically conductive connections emit heat very well, so that this area can be a heat emission area of the battery cell 11.
  • thermocouples each comprise the same two metals 15, 16, so that the thermal voltages of the two adjacent thermocouples cancel each other out at the same ambient temperature of the adjacent thermocouples. Since the number of thermocouples in the temperature measuring arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is even, 36 thermocouples, all thermal voltages of the thermocouples connected in series cancel each other out if the ambient temperature is identical for all thermocouples at the metal connections 13.
  • the ambient temperature of the metal connections of the thermocouples is advantageously influenced in the same way by the respective temperatures of the battery cells. As a result, heating of a battery cell 11 can be determined by detecting a voltage between the ends 16a and 16b.
  • the number of thermocouples connected in series can also be odd.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a temperature measuring arrangement 1 for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells 11 of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the structure of the temperature measuring arrangement 1 from FIG. 2 differs from the structure of the temperature measuring arrangement 1 from FIG. 1 in that thermocouples of the thermocouples connected in series have different metal connections 13; 13a; 13b; 13c; 13d with the metal combinations 15, 16; 16, 21; 16, 22; 22, 23; 15, 23 may include.
  • This can have the advantage that the structure can be carried out more flexibly
  • the metals (materials) of the ends 16a, 16b do not match, that is to say they are different metals (materials).
  • thermocouples In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the number of thermocouples is odd. Furthermore, the ends 16a and 16b of the series connection each consist of different materials.
  • thermocouples it may be advantageous to have a control current across the series-connected thermocouples at one end 16a; 16b from time to time Feed in time or permanently and at the other end 16b; 16a to ensure that all thermocouples are connected as desired.
  • the metal connections can be, for example, soldered connections, pressed connections, twisted connections and / or riveted connections.
  • one or both of the metals of a metal compound may comprise a wire of a given material.
  • a metal of a metal connection can be produced from a sheet of a correspondingly predetermined material.
  • the two metals of a metal connection can be joined together at a butt joint.
  • the two metals can be connected to one another at a miter 51.
  • the two metals of a metal connection can be arranged in an overlapping manner and thereby connected to one another.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a temperature measuring arrangement 1 for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells 11 of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the battery cells 11 of the battery pack 10 are held by the cell holders 36.
  • the thermocouples including the metal connections 13 are integrated in the cell holders 36. This can have the advantage that the thermocouples are protected from external influences and the size of the battery pack does not have to be increased by the temperature measuring arrangement.
  • thermocouples are each located in the heat emission area of a plurality of (two or four) battery cells 11. This allows the number of thermocouples to be reduced and the effort required for the freezing position to be minimized.
  • the evaluation unit is connected to the ends 16a, 16b of the series-connected thermocouples via releasable contacts 31a and 31b. This can have the advantage that the battery pack can be produced in a modular system. Another advantage is that defective components can be exchanged more flexibly.
  • thermocouple it can be advantageous to thermally couple a heat release region of a battery cell of the battery pack, for example via thermal conductors, to a thermocouple.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a temperature measuring arrangement 1 for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells 11 of a battery pack according to a Embodiment of the invention.
  • the temperature measuring arrangement 1 from FIG. 4 differs from the temperature measuring arrangement 1 from FIG. 3 in that the temperature measuring arrangement 1 comprises a temperature sensor 41, for example an NTC or PTC.
  • the temperature sensor is connected to the evaluation unit via the sensor connection elements 17a.
  • Some embodiments can also include two or more temperature sensors 14 that are connected to the evaluation unit.
  • thermocouples are installed in the cell holders analogously to FIG. 3.
  • a thermocouple can be arranged in the heat release area of two or more battery cells.
  • the thermocouples can for example be arranged on / in a circuit board in a plane above / below the cells or loosely on the battery pack and not in the cell holder.
  • One or more temperature sensors can be arranged, for example, on a circuit board on the battery cells or under the battery cells, or integrated in a cell holder.
  • the evaluation unit 12 can be, for example, a cell monitoring unit.
  • a cell monitoring unit can be set up to monitor cells, in particular battery cells, with regard to temperature, state of charge, cell voltage, etc.
  • the cell monitoring unit can be set up to keep the cells in a predefined operating range (operating corridor) with regard to cell voltage, cell temperature, etc.
  • the evaluation unit can be set up to ensure redundant temperature monitoring by means of the two or more thermocouples connected in series and an absolute temperature sensor, for example an NTC.
  • the evaluation unit can for this purpose comprise an amplifier, in particular an LNA (low-noise amplifier), and / or an analog-digital converter.
  • the evaluation unit can be set up to compare a voltage between the ends of the series circuit 16a and 16b with a predefined reference value, analogously with a comparator and / or digitally with a computing unit.
  • the predefined reference value can be variable as a function of further parameters, such as, for example, a temperature measured absolutely in the battery pack, a charging current and / or discharging current, the capacity and / or the state of charge of the battery cells in the battery pack.
  • the evaluation unit can be set up to stop or interrupt a charging process and / or discharging process of the battery cells, to output a visual and / or acoustic warning and / or to initiate safety measures when the amount of the voltage determined between the ends of the series circuit 16a and 16b exceeds the specified reference value.

Abstract

The invention relates to a temperature measurement arrangement for monitoring the temperature of multiple battery cells in a battery pack, by means of multiple series-connected thermocouples, the thermoelectric voltages and/or thermoelectric currents of which cancel each other out at the same ambient temperature. A plurality of battery cells can be monitored easily with respect to their temperatures on the basis of the temperature measurement arrangement according to the invention.

Description

Temperaturmessanordnung zur Temperaturüberwachung mehrerer Batteriezellen eines Temperature measuring arrangement for temperature monitoring of several battery cells one
Batteriepacks Battery packs
TECHNISCHES FELD TECHNICAL FIELD
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Temperaturmessanordnung zur Temperaturüberwachung mehrerer Batteriezellen eines Batteriepacks The invention relates to a temperature measuring arrangement for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack
TECHNISCHER HINTERGRUND TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
In Zeiten der Elektromobilität spielen Energiespeicher, insbesondere wiederaufladbare Batterien, eine entscheidende Rolle in der technologischen Entwicklung. Dies führte bislang zur Entwicklung einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Batterietypen, wie z.B. Zink-Mangan-, Zink-Luft-, Quecksilber-Zink- oder Lithium-Ionen- Batterien. In times of electromobility, energy storage devices, especially rechargeable batteries, play a crucial role in technological development. So far, this has led to the development of a large number of different battery types, such as zinc-manganese, zinc-air, mercury-zinc or lithium-ion batteries.
Um leistungsstärkere Batterien herzustellen, werden mehrere Batteriezellen in einem Batteriepack zu einer Batterie zusammengefasst, wobei die Zellen in Reihen- und Parallelschaltungen miteinander verschalten sind, um eine gewünschte Spannung und eine gewünschte Kapazität der Batterie zu erreichen. In order to produce more powerful batteries, several battery cells are combined in a battery pack to form a battery, the cells being interconnected in series and parallel circuits in order to achieve a desired voltage and a desired capacity of the battery.
Vor allem bei Lithium-Ionen-Batterien ist jedoch eine strikte Überwachung der Batterieeigenschaften, wie z.B. Zellspannungen, Zelltemperatur, usw., notwendig, um die Batterien vor Schäden zu schützen. However, especially with lithium-ion batteries, strict monitoring of the battery properties, such as cell voltage, cell temperature, etc., is necessary in order to protect the batteries from damage.
Auf Grund der Gefahr eines Brandes einer Batteriezelle, reicht eine Messung der Betriebstemperatur des Batteriepacks nicht aus, so dass eine redundante Messung erforderlich ist. Des Weiteren ist es zielführend die Wärmste Region in einem Batteriepack thermisch zu überwachen. Due to the risk of a battery cell catching fire, measurement of the operating temperature of the battery pack is not sufficient, so that redundant measurement is required. It is also useful to thermally monitor the warmest region in a battery pack.
In der DE 10 2017 207 922 Al ist eine Energiespeichersystem zur Überwachung einer Vielzahl an Speicherzellen gezeigt. Eine Überwachungseinrichtung des Energiespeichersystems umfasst dabei eine Temperatursensoranordnung mit mindestens einem Temperatursensor, beispielsweise einem Halbleiterelement oder einem Thermoelement. Ein Temperatursensor des mindestens einen Temperatursensors erstreckt sich dabei entlang mehrerer Speicherzellen und ist wärmeleitend mit den mehreren Speicherzellen verbunden. Für die Temperatursensoren sind mehrere Signalanschlüsse und damit verbundene Auswertungseinheiten vorgesehen. DE 10 2017 207 922 A1 shows an energy storage system for monitoring a large number of storage cells. A monitoring device of the energy storage system comprises a temperature sensor arrangement with at least one temperature sensor, for example a semiconductor element or a thermocouple. A temperature sensor of the at least one temperature sensor extends along a plurality of storage cells and is connected to the plurality of storage cells in a thermally conductive manner. Several signal connections and associated evaluation units are provided for the temperature sensors.
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es eine kostengünstige und effiziente Temperaturmessanordnung zur Temperaturüberwachung mehrerer Batteriezellen eines Batteriepacks bereit zu stellen. One object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive and efficient temperature measuring arrangement for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack.
LOSUNG DES PROBLEMS THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
Die Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche sind auf besondere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung gerichtet. The object is achieved with the features of independent claim 1. The dependent claims are directed to particular embodiments of the invention.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Temperaturmessanordnung zur Temperaturüberwachung mehrerer Batteriezellen eines Batteriepacks umfasst zwei oder mehrere in Reihe geschaltete Thermoelemente, die eine Reihenschaltung mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Ende bilden und eine Auswerteeinheit. Batteriezellen im Rahmen dieser Erfindung können sowohl primäre, sekundäre als auch tertiäre galvanische Zellen, sowie Brennstoffzellen sein. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf diese Zellen/Zellarten beschränkt. Nicht-Iimitierende Beispiele für Batteriepacks sind Batterien und Akkus. A temperature measuring arrangement according to the invention for monitoring the temperature of several battery cells of a battery pack comprises two or more series-connected thermocouples, which form a series circuit with a first and a second end, and an evaluation unit. Battery cells in the context of this invention can be both primary, secondary and tertiary galvanic cells, as well as fuel cells. However, the invention is not limited to these cells / cell types. Non-limiting examples of battery packs are batteries and rechargeable batteries.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst ein Thermoelement zwei unterschiedliche Metalle, wobei die Metalle miteinander zu einer Metallverbindung verbunden sind, sodass ein thermoelektrischer Effekt (Seebeck-Effekt) zwischen den Metallen entsteht. Nicht- Iimitierende Beispiele für Metallverbindungen umfassend zwei unterschiedliche Metalle sind NiCr-Ni, Fe-CuNi, NiCrSi-NiSi, NiCr-CuNi, Cu-CuNi, Ptl3Rh-Pt, PtlORh-Pt, Pt30Rh- Pt6Rh, W5Re-W26Re, W5Re-W20Re, AuFe-NiCr. According to the invention, a thermocouple comprises two different metals, the metals being connected to one another to form a metal compound, so that a thermoelectric effect (Seebeck effect) arises between the metals. Non-limiting examples of metal compounds comprising two different metals are NiCr-Ni, Fe-CuNi, NiCrSi-NiSi, NiCr-CuNi, Cu-CuNi, Ptl3Rh-Pt, PtlORh-Pt, Pt30Rh-Pt6Rh, W5Re-W26Re, W5Re-W20Re , AuFe-NiCr.
Mit Thermoelementen können Temperaturunterschiede zwischen einem ersten Ort (einer ersten Metallverbindung) und einem Referenzort (einer zweiten Metallverbindung gemessen werden), die in Reihe miteinander verbunden sind, gemessen werden. Thermocouples can be used to measure temperature differences between a first location (a first metal connection) and a reference location (a second metal connection) that are connected in series.
Erfindungsgemäß sind die Metallverbindungen der zwei oder mehreren Thermoelemente in einem Wärmeabgabebereich einer oder mehrerer Batteriezellen angeordnet. Ein Wärmeabgabebereich einer Batteriezelle ist ein Bereich, dessen Temperatur wesentlich von einer abgegebenen Wärme der einen Batteriezellen beeinflusst wird. According to the invention, the metal connections of the two or more thermocouples are in a heat emission area of one or more battery cells arranged. A heat release area of a battery cell is an area whose temperature is significantly influenced by the heat released by the one battery cells.
Die Auswerteeinheit ist dazu eingerichtet, eine zwischen den Enden der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente anliegende Thermospannung und/oder einen an einem der Enden der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente anliegenden Thermostrom zu detektieren und auszuwerten. Die Auswerteeinheit kann dazu einen Analog-Digital- Wandler umfassen. The evaluation unit is set up to detect and evaluate a thermal voltage applied between the ends of the series-connected thermocouples and / or a thermal current applied to one of the ends of the series-connected thermocouples. For this purpose, the evaluation unit can comprise an analog-digital converter.
Die Temperaturmessanordnung hat den Vorteil, dass ein Überhitzen einer einzelnen Zelle im Batteriepack ausfallsicher und kostengünstig detektiert werden kann, da mittels der Temperaturmessanordnung eine Vielzahl von Zellen auf kostengünstige Weise bezüglich einer Überhitzung einer einzelnen Zelle überwacht werden können. The temperature measuring arrangement has the advantage that overheating of an individual cell in the battery pack can be detected in a fail-safe and cost-effective manner, since the temperature measuring arrangement can be used to inexpensively monitor a plurality of cells with regard to overheating of an individual cell.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform können die Thermoelemente derart verschaltet sein, dass bei einer geraden Anzahl an Thermoelementen sich die Thermospannungen und/oder Thermoströme gegenseitig aufheben, wenn an den Metallverbindungen der Thermoelemente dieselbe Umgebungstemperatur herrscht. Vorteilhafter Weise liegt eine gerade Anzahl an Thermoelementen vor. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass bei identischer Temperatur der Zellen im Batteriepack keine Spannung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Ende der Reihenschaltung anliegt, bzw. kein entsprechender Strom gemessen wird. Weicht eine Umgebungstemperatur einer Metallverbindung eines Thermoelements von den Umgebungstemperaturen der weiteren Metallverbindungen der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente ab, so kann eine Spannung und/oder ein Strom, der durch die Abweichung von den weiteren Umgebungstemperaturen nicht aufgehoben/kompensiert wird, an den Enden der Reihenschaltung festgestellt werden. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the thermocouples can be connected in such a way that, with an even number of thermocouples, the thermal voltages and / or thermal currents cancel each other out when the same ambient temperature prevails at the metal connections of the thermocouples. There is advantageously an even number of thermocouples. This has the advantage that if the temperature of the cells in the battery pack is identical, no voltage is applied between the first and the second end of the series circuit, or no corresponding current is measured. If an ambient temperature of a metal connection of a thermocouple deviates from the ambient temperature of the other metal connections of the series-connected thermocouples, a voltage and / or a current that is not canceled / compensated by the deviation from the other ambient temperatures can be determined at the ends of the series circuit become.
In manchen Ausführungsformen kann es Hilfreich sein, einen Schwellwert für eine Mindestspannung/-strom festzulegen, um beispielsweise Fehler auf Grund von Rauschen, etc. bei der Detektion zu vermeiden. In some embodiments, it can be helpful to define a threshold value for a minimum voltage / current in order, for example, to avoid errors due to noise, etc. during the detection.
In besonders effizienten Ausführungsformen kann die Verschaltung zweier benachbarter Thermoelemente derart erfolgen, dass gleiche Metalle der zwei benachbarten Thermoelemente miteinander verbunden sind. Dadurch ist die Temperaturmessanordnung einfach und mit geringem Aufwand/Herstellungsaufwand herzustellen. Beispielsweise kann dadurch eine Vielzahl an in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelementen durch das abwechselnde Verbinden unterschiedlicher Metalle erfolgen. Die Metallverbindungen zwischen den unterschiedlichen Metallen können dann die Metallverbindungen der Thermoelemente sein. Dies kann den Vorteil haben, dass das Ergebnis nicht durch ungewollte Thermoelemente und dadurch entstehende Thermospannungen oder -ströme verzehrt wird. In particularly efficient embodiments, two adjacent thermocouples can be interconnected in such a way that the same metals of the two adjacent thermocouples are connected to one another. As a result, the temperature measuring arrangement is simple and with little effort / manufacturing effort to manufacture. For example, a large number of series-connected thermocouples can be created by alternately connecting different metals. The metal connections between the different metals can then be the metal connections of the thermocouples. This can have the advantage that the result is not consumed by unwanted thermocouples and the resulting thermal voltages or currents.
In besonders vorteilhaften und einfachen Ausführungsformen können die Thermoelemente derart verschaltet sein und Thermoelemente Metalle umfassen, so dass sich die Thermospannungen und/oder Thermoströme zweier benachbarter Thermoelemente aufheben, wenn die Umgebungstemperatur eines ersten Thermoelements der zwei benachbarten Thermoelemente mit der Umgebungstemperatur eines zweiten Thermoelements der zwei benachbarten Thermoelemente übereinstimmt. Dies kann den Vorteil haben, dass minimale Abweichungen in der Umgebungstemperatur des Batteriepacks in den Raumrichtungen besonders gut kompensiert werden können. Dadurch können die Ergebnisse der Temperaturmessanordnung besonders genau sein. In particularly advantageous and simple embodiments, the thermocouples can be interconnected and thermocouples comprise metals, so that the thermal voltages and / or thermal currents of two adjacent thermocouples cancel each other out when the ambient temperature of a first thermocouple of the two adjacent thermocouples with the ambient temperature of a second thermocouple of the two adjacent Thermocouples. This can have the advantage that minimal deviations in the ambient temperature of the battery pack in the spatial directions can be compensated for particularly well. As a result, the results of the temperature measurement arrangement can be particularly accurate.
In einer besonders integrierten Ausführungsform können zwei oder mehrere, insbesondere alle, Thermoelemente der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente in einem Zellträger, insbesondere einem Kunststoff-Zellträger, des Batteriepacks integriert sein. Ein Thermoelement kann dazu beispielsweise im Inneren des Zellträgers angeordnet sein. In manchen Ausführungsformen kann der Zellträger um ein oder mehrere Thermoelemente angeordnet sein. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass mit der Herstellung der Zellträger des Batteriepacks die Thermoelemente optimal in den Wärmeabgabebereichen der Zellen angeordnet sind. Außerdem können dadurch zusätzliche Arbeitsschritte bei der Inbetriebnahme, bzw. Herstellung des Batteriepacks, wie zum Beispiel das Anbringen der Thermoelemente, etc., weggelassen werden. In a particularly integrated embodiment, two or more, in particular all, thermocouples of the series-connected thermocouples can be integrated in a cell carrier, in particular a plastic cell carrier, of the battery pack. For this purpose, a thermocouple can be arranged, for example, in the interior of the cell carrier. In some embodiments, the cell carrier can be arranged around one or more thermocouples. This has the advantage that when the cell carriers of the battery pack are manufactured, the thermocouples are optimally arranged in the heat emission areas of the cells. In addition, additional work steps during commissioning or manufacture of the battery pack, such as attaching the thermocouples, etc., can be omitted.
In einer besonders flexiblen Ausführungsform können ein oder mehrere, insbesondere alle, Thermoelemente der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente auf einer Temperaturleiterplatte angeordnet sein. Dadurch kann ein einfacher Zugang zu den Thermoelementen gewährleistet werden, was wichtig für eine Kontrolle und Wartung des Batteriepacks sein kann. Außerdem kann dadurch für die Temperaturmessanordnung ein Baukastenprinzip für unterschiedliche Größen von Batteriepacks verwendet werden, was zu Kosteneinsparungen führen kann. In besonders kostengünstigen Ausführungsformen kann ein Thermoelement der zwei oder mehreren Thermoelemente im Wärmeabgabebereich zweier oder mehrerer benachbarter Zellen, insbesondere vierer benachbarter Zellen, angeordnet sein. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Anzahl der benötigten Thermoelemente für ein Batteriepack, um eine flächendeckende Überwachung gewährleisten zu können, reduziert werden kann. In a particularly flexible embodiment, one or more, in particular all, thermocouples of the thermocouples connected in series can be arranged on a temperature circuit board. This ensures easy access to the thermocouples, which can be important for checking and maintaining the battery pack. In addition, a modular principle for different sizes of battery packs can be used for the temperature measuring arrangement, which can lead to cost savings. In particularly cost-effective embodiments, a thermocouple of the two or more thermocouples can be arranged in the heat release region of two or more neighboring cells, in particular four neighboring cells. This has the advantage that the number of thermocouples required for a battery pack in order to be able to guarantee comprehensive monitoring can be reduced.
In besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen können alle Thermoelemente der Messanordnung derart zwischen den Batteriezellen des Batteriepacks angeordnet sein, dass bei gleicher Zelltemperatur aller Batteriezellen an allen Thermoelementen betragsmäßig dieselbe Spannung erzeugt wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Thermoelemente der Temperaturmessanordnung besonders aufeinander kalibriert sind und dadurch eine besonders einfache Auswertung einer an den Enden der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente anliegenden Spannung erfolgen kann. Insbesondere können dadurch beispielsweise Nichtlinearitäten der Thermoelemente besonders gut kompensiert werden. In particularly advantageous embodiments, all of the thermocouples of the measuring arrangement can be arranged between the battery cells of the battery pack in such a way that, given the same cell temperature of all battery cells, the same amount of voltage is generated at all thermocouples. This has the advantage that the thermocouples of the temperature measuring arrangement are especially calibrated with respect to one another and, as a result, a particularly simple evaluation of a voltage present at the ends of the thermocouples connected in series can take place. In particular, non-linearities of the thermocouples, for example, can thereby be compensated particularly well.
In besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen können alle Thermoelemente der Messanordnung derart zwischen den Batteriezellen des Batteriepacks angeordnet sein, dass bei gleicher Zelltemperatur aller Batteriezellen der durch die Temperaturmessanordnung überwachten Batteriezellen des Batteriepacks, die Umgebungstemperatur aller Thermoelemente identisch ist, insbesondere beim Auf- und/oder Entladen des Batteriepacks. Dadurch kann eine Auswertung, ob eine Batteriezelle wärmer im Vergleich zu den restlichen Batteriezellen ist, auf besonders einfache Art und Weise erfolgen. In particularly advantageous embodiments, all thermocouples of the measuring arrangement can be arranged between the battery cells of the battery pack in such a way that, given the same cell temperature of all battery cells of the battery cells of the battery pack monitored by the temperature measuring arrangement, the ambient temperature of all thermocouples is identical, in particular when charging and / or discharging the battery pack . This makes it possible to evaluate in a particularly simple manner whether a battery cell is warmer than the remaining battery cells.
In einer besonders zuverlässigen Ausführungsform können die Thermoelemente derart zwischen den Batteriezellen angeordnet sein, dass im Wärmeabgabebereich einer jeden Zelle ein Thermoelement angeordnet ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass jede Batteriezelle des Batteriepacks bezüglich ihrer Temperatur überwacht wird und somit ein Erhitzen einer Batteriezelle des Batteriepacks besonders zuverlässig festgestellt werden kann. In a particularly reliable embodiment, the thermocouples can be arranged between the battery cells in such a way that a thermocouple is arranged in the heat release area of each cell. This has the advantage that each battery cell of the battery pack is monitored with regard to its temperature, and heating of a battery cell of the battery pack can thus be determined particularly reliably.
In einer besonders kostengünstigen und integrierten Ausführungsform kann die Auswerteeinheit Teil einer Zell-Überwachungs-Einheit (CSC) sein. Dies kann den Vorteil haben, dass einzelne Sensordaten mit weiteren Sensordaten zusammengeführt werden können und somit genauere Rückschlüsse über den Zustand der Batteriezellen des Batteriepacks möglich sein können. Weitere Vorteil könnten sein, dass Ressourcen, wie Speicher und Recheneinheit, mehrfach genutzt werden können und dass die Überwachung der Batteriezellen bezüglich der räumlichen Größe kompakter implementiert werden kann. In a particularly cost-effective and integrated embodiment, the evaluation unit can be part of a cell monitoring unit (CSC). This can have the advantage that individual sensor data can be merged with other sensor data and thus more precise conclusions about the state of the battery cells of the Battery packs may be possible. A further advantage could be that resources such as memory and computing unit can be used multiple times and that the monitoring of the battery cells can be implemented in a more compact manner with regard to the spatial size.
In einer besonders flexiblen Ausführungsform kann die Auswerteeinheit einen Verstärker und/oder einen Analog-Digital-Wandler umfassen. Ein Verstärker, insbesondere ein LNA (Low-Noise-Amplifier), kann den Vorteil haben, dass ein Messsignal, das an einem oder an beiden Enden der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente anliegt (Thermospannung und/oder Thermostrom), robuster gegenüber Störeinflüssen aus der Umwelt, insbesondere Rauschen, wird und dadurch über weitere Strecken mit geringeren Informationsverlusten übertragen werden kann. Außerdem kann dadurch die weitere Signalverarbeitung, insbesondere eine Analoge Signalauswertung, verbessert und vereinfacht werden. Ein Analog-Digital-Wandler kann den Vorteil haben, dass die Ergebnisse der Temperaturmessanordnung besonders flexibel und einfach mit weiteren Geräten und Systemkomponenten geteilt werden können. Außerdem können dadurch die Ergebnisse auf einfache Art und Weiße digital ausgewertet werden. In a particularly flexible embodiment, the evaluation unit can comprise an amplifier and / or an analog-digital converter. An amplifier, in particular an LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), can have the advantage that a measurement signal that is applied to one or both ends of the thermocouples connected in series (thermal voltage and / or thermal current) is more robust to environmental interference , in particular noise, and can thus be transmitted over longer distances with less loss of information. In addition, the further signal processing, in particular an analog signal evaluation, can be improved and simplified as a result. An analog-to-digital converter can have the advantage that the results of the temperature measurement arrangement can be shared particularly flexibly and easily with other devices and system components. In addition, the results can be digitally evaluated in a simple manner and whiteness.
In einer besonders ausfallsicheren Ausführungsform kann die Temperaturmessanordnung einen oder mehrere Temperatursensoren zur Messung der absoluten Temperatur, wobei die Temperatursensoren im Wärmeabgabebereich einer oder mehrerer Batteriezellen des Batteriepacks angeordnet sind, umfassen. Temperatursensoren können beispielsweise NTCs (Heißleiter, Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistors), PTCs (Kaltleiter, Positive Temperature Coefficient Thermistor), Halbleiter, wie Dioden, Transistoren, oder Ferromagnetische Temperatursensoren, etc. sein. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass mit nur wenigen Temperatursensoren, die sehr kostenintensiv sein können, die Temperatur einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen eines Batteriepacks mittels den in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelementen überwacht werden können. Dadurch kann eine Redundante Temperaturüberwachung, mit erhöhter Ausfallsicherheit, gewährleistet werden. In a particularly fail-safe embodiment, the temperature measuring arrangement can comprise one or more temperature sensors for measuring the absolute temperature, the temperature sensors being arranged in the heat release area of one or more battery cells of the battery pack. Temperature sensors can be, for example, NTCs (NTCs, Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistors), PTCs (PTCs, Positive Temperature Coefficient Thermistors), semiconductors, such as diodes, transistors, or ferromagnetic temperature sensors, etc. This has the advantage that with only a few temperature sensors, which can be very cost-intensive, the temperature of a large number of battery cells of a battery pack can be monitored by means of the series-connected thermocouples. This means that redundant temperature monitoring with increased reliability can be guaranteed.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform können die Thermoelemente so angeordnet sein, dass in einem Wärmeabgabebereich einer Batteriezelle des Batteriepacks nur ein Thermoelement der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente angeordnet ist. Dies kann den Vorteil haben, dass eine Thermospannung und/oder ein Thermostrom, die/der auf eine unverhältnismäßige Erwärmung einer Batteriezelle zurückzuführen ist, nicht durch ein weiteres Thermoelement, in dem eine entgegensetzte Thermospannung und/oder Thermostrom auf Grund einer Anordnung der Thermoelemente durch das unverhältnismäßige Erwärmen der Batteriezelle erzeugt wird, kompensiert wird. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the thermocouples can be arranged in such a way that only one thermocouple of the series-connected thermocouples is arranged in a heat release region of a battery cell of the battery pack. This can have the advantage that a thermal voltage and / or a thermal current, which / which on a disproportionate heating of a battery cell is not due to another thermocouple, in which an opposing thermal voltage and / or thermal current is generated due to an arrangement of the thermocouples by the disproportionate heating of the battery cell, is compensated.
In besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen können die in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente so angeordnet sein, dass sich die Thermospannungen und/oder Thermoströme erzeugt durch ein Erwärmen einer einzigen Batteriezelle relativ zu den weiteren Batteriezellen des Batteriepacks, insbesondere in Summe, nicht gegenseitig kompensieren. In particularly advantageous embodiments, the series-connected thermocouples can be arranged in such a way that the thermal voltages and / or thermal currents generated by heating a single battery cell relative to the other battery cells of the battery pack, in particular in total, do not mutually compensate for one another.
In besonders ausfallsicheren Ausführungsformen können die in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente so angeordnet sein, dass eine Abweichung einer Zelltemperatur einer Batteriezelle von den Zelltemperaturen der weiteren Batteriezellen des Batteriepacks zu einer Spannungsänderung zwischen den Enden der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente und/oder einer Stromänderung an einem Ende der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente führt. In particularly fail-safe embodiments, the series-connected thermocouples can be arranged so that a deviation of a cell temperature of a battery cell from the cell temperatures of the other battery cells of the battery pack to a voltage change between the ends of the series-connected thermocouples and / or a current change at one end of the in Series connected thermocouples leads.
BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNG DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Figuren 1 bis 4 zeigen jeweils schematisch eine Temperaturmessanordnung zur Temperaturüberwachung mehrerer Batteriezellen eines Batteriepacks gemäß Ausführungsformen der Erfindung. Figures 1 to 4 each show schematically a temperature measuring arrangement for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells of a battery pack according to embodiments of the invention.
Im Folgenden werden Beispiele bzw. Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung detailliert unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Figuren beschrieben. Gleiche bzw. ähnliche Elemente in den Figuren können hierbei mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet sein, manchmal allerdings auch mit unterschiedlichen Bezugszeichen. In the following, examples and exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. Identical or similar elements in the figures can be designated with the same reference symbols, but sometimes also with different reference symbols.
Es sei hervorgehoben, dass die vorliegende Erfindung jedoch in keiner Weise auf die im Folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele und deren Ausführungsmerkmale begrenzt bzw. eingeschränkt ist, sondern weiterhin Modifikationen der Ausführungsbeispiele umfasst, insbesondere diejenigen, die durch Modifikation der Merkmale der beschriebenen Beispiele bzw. durch Kombination einzelner oder mehrere Merkmale der beschriebenen Beispiele im Rahmen des Schutzumfanges der unabhängigen Ansprüche umfasst sind. Figur 1 zeigt schematisch eine Temperaturmessanordnung 1 zur Temperaturüberwachung mehrerer Batteriezellen 11 eines Batteriepacks gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung. Die Batteriezellen 11 des Batteriepacks werden von nicht gezeigten Zellhaltern zwischen und um den Batteriezellen 11 gehalten. Die Temperaturmessanordnung 1 umfasst in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel 36 Thermoelemente, die in Reihe miteinander verschalten sind. Jedes Thermoelement ist dabei in einem Wärmeabgabebereich mindestens einer Batteriezelle 11 des Batteriepacks angeordnet. Ein Thermoelement umfasst zwei unterschiedliche Metalle 15, 16 oder 16, 15 die miteinander zu einer Metallverbindung 13 verbunden sind. It should be emphasized that the present invention, however, is in no way limited or restricted to the exemplary embodiments described below and their design features, but rather further comprises modifications of the exemplary embodiments, in particular those that are achieved by modifying the features of the described examples or by combining individual ones or several features of the examples described are included within the scope of protection of the independent claims. FIG. 1 schematically shows a temperature measuring arrangement 1 for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells 11 of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention. The battery cells 11 of the battery pack are held between and around the battery cells 11 by cell holders (not shown). In this exemplary embodiment, the temperature measuring arrangement 1 comprises 36 thermocouples which are connected to one another in series. Each thermocouple is arranged in a heat emission area of at least one battery cell 11 of the battery pack. A thermocouple comprises two different metals 15, 16 or 16, 15 which are connected to one another to form a metal connection 13.
. Vorteilhafterweise kann das Metall (Material) des Endes 16a mit dem Metall (Material) des Endes 16b übereinstimmen. . The metal (material) of the end 16a can advantageously match the metal (material) of the end 16b.
Die Enden 16a, 16b der in Reihe miteinander verschalteten Thermoelemente sind mit der Auswerteeinheit 12 mit Verbindungselementen 17 verbunden. Die Verbindungselemente 17 können beispielsweise Kabel, Verdrahtungen, Leiterbahnen, etc. sein. In manchen Ausführungsformen können die Verbindungselemente 17 beispielsweise lösbare Verbindungen oder feste Verbindungen sein. Vorteilhafterweise können die Verbindungselemente elektrisch leitend sein. Es kann vorteilhaft sein, dass die Umgebungstemperatur der Verbindung des Endes 16a mit einem Verbindungselement 17 mit der Umgebungstemperatur der Verbindung des Endes 16b mit einem Verbindungselement 17 übereinstimmt, sodass sich etwaige Thermospannungen/Thermoströme entsprechend kompensieren. Aus denselben Gründen kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass die Umgebungstemperatur der Verbindungen zwischen Verbindungselementen 17 und der Auswerteeinheit 12 übereinstimmen. The ends 16a, 16b of the series-connected thermocouples are connected to the evaluation unit 12 with connecting elements 17. The connecting elements 17 can be cables, wiring, conductor tracks, etc., for example. In some embodiments, the connecting elements 17 can be, for example, releasable connections or fixed connections. The connecting elements can advantageously be electrically conductive. It can be advantageous that the ambient temperature of the connection of the end 16a with a connecting element 17 corresponds to the ambient temperature of the connection of the end 16b with a connecting element 17, so that any thermal voltages / thermal currents compensate each other accordingly. For the same reasons, it can be advantageous for the ambient temperature of the connections between connecting elements 17 and the evaluation unit 12 to match.
In manchen Ausführungsformen können die Metalle der Enden 16a, 16b der Reihenschaltung mit den Metallen der Verbindungselemente übereinstimmen, sodass entsprechend keine Thermospannungen entstehen und die Temperaturmessanordnung unempfindlicher gegenüber Umgebungstemperaturschwankungen ist. In some embodiments, the metals of the ends 16a, 16b of the series connection can match the metals of the connecting elements, so that accordingly no thermal voltages arise and the temperature measuring arrangement is less sensitive to ambient temperature fluctuations.
In Figur 1 sind die Thermoelemente umfassend die Metallverbindungen 13 über den Zellen, beispielsweise über den Zellverbindern, jedoch elektrisch entkoppelt von den Zellverbindern, angeordnet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Umgebungstemperatur um einen Verbindungspunkt zwischen einer Zelle und Zellverbinder sehr stark von der Zelltemperatur der Zelle abhängt. Die Zelle (Batteriezelle) 11 kann über thermisch und elektrisch leitende Verbindungen sehr gut Wärmeabgeben, sodass dieser Bereich ein Wärmeabgabebereich der Batteriezelle 11 sein kann. In FIG. 1, the thermocouples including the metal connections 13 are arranged above the cells, for example above the cell connectors, but electrically decoupled from the cell connectors. This has the advantage that the ambient temperature around a connection point between a cell and cell connector depends very strongly on the cell temperature of the cell. The cell (battery cell) 11 can over thermal and electrically conductive connections emit heat very well, so that this area can be a heat emission area of the battery cell 11.
In der in Figur 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform umfassen zwei benachbarte Thermoelemente jeweils dieselben zwei Metalle 15, 16, sodass sich bei gleicher Umgebungstemperatur der benachbarten Thermoelemente sich die Thermospannungen der zwei benachbarten Thermoelemente aufheben. Da die Anzahl der Thermoelemente der in Figur 1 gezeigten Temperaturmessanordnung gerade ist, 36 Thermoelemente, heben sich alle Thermospannungen der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente auf, wenn die Umgebungstemperatur bei allen Thermoelementen an den Metallverbindungen 13 identisch ist. Vorteilhafterweise wird die Umgebungstemperatur der Metallverbindungen der Thermoelemente gleichermaßen von den jeweiligen Temperaturen der Batteriezellen beeinflusst. Dadurch lässt sich ein Erwärmen einer Batteriezelle 11 durch das detektieren einer Spannung zwischen den Enden 16a und 16b ermitteln. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, two adjacent thermocouples each comprise the same two metals 15, 16, so that the thermal voltages of the two adjacent thermocouples cancel each other out at the same ambient temperature of the adjacent thermocouples. Since the number of thermocouples in the temperature measuring arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is even, 36 thermocouples, all thermal voltages of the thermocouples connected in series cancel each other out if the ambient temperature is identical for all thermocouples at the metal connections 13. The ambient temperature of the metal connections of the thermocouples is advantageously influenced in the same way by the respective temperatures of the battery cells. As a result, heating of a battery cell 11 can be determined by detecting a voltage between the ends 16a and 16b.
In manchen Ausführungsformen kann die Anzahl der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente auch ungerade sein. In some embodiments, the number of thermocouples connected in series can also be odd.
Figur 2 zeigt schematisch eine Temperaturmessanordnung 1 zur Temperaturüberwachung mehrerer Batteriezellen 11 eines Batteriepacks gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung. Der Aufbau der Temperaturmessanordnung 1 aus Figur 2 unterscheidet sich vom Aufbau der Temperaturmessanordnung 1 aus Figur 1 dahingehend, dass Thermoelemente der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente unterschiedliche Metallverbindungen 13; 13a; 13b; 13c; 13d mit den Metall kombinationen 15, 16; 16, 21; 16, 22; 22, 23; 15, 23 umfassen können. Dies kann den Vorteil haben, dass der Aufbau flexibler erfolgen kann FIG. 2 schematically shows a temperature measuring arrangement 1 for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells 11 of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention. The structure of the temperature measuring arrangement 1 from FIG. 2 differs from the structure of the temperature measuring arrangement 1 from FIG. 1 in that thermocouples of the thermocouples connected in series have different metal connections 13; 13a; 13b; 13c; 13d with the metal combinations 15, 16; 16, 21; 16, 22; 22, 23; 15, 23 may include. This can have the advantage that the structure can be carried out more flexibly
In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel stimmen die Metalle (Materialien) der Ende 16a, 16b nicht überein, das heißt es sind unterschiedliche Metalle (Materialien). In this exemplary embodiment, the metals (materials) of the ends 16a, 16b do not match, that is to say they are different metals (materials).
In der in Figur 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist die Anzahl der Thermoelemente ungerade. Des Weiteren bestehen die Enden 16a und 16b der Reihenschaltung jeweils aus unterschiedlichen Materialien. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the number of thermocouples is odd. Furthermore, the ends 16a and 16b of the series connection each consist of different materials.
In manchen Ausführungsformen kann es vorteilhaft sein, einen Kontrollstrom über die in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente an einem Ende 16a; 16b von Zeit zu Zeit oder dauerhaft einzuspeisen und am anderen Ende 16b; 16a zu detektieren um sicherzustellen, dass alle Thermoelemente wie gewünscht miteinander verbunden sind. In some embodiments it may be advantageous to have a control current across the series-connected thermocouples at one end 16a; 16b from time to time Feed in time or permanently and at the other end 16b; 16a to ensure that all thermocouples are connected as desired.
Die Metallverbindungen können beispielsweise gelötete Verbindungen, gepresste Verbindungen, verzwirnte Verbindungen und/oder genietete Verbindungen sein. In manchen Ausführungsformen kann ein oder beide Metalle einer Metallverbindung einen Draht aus einem vorgegebenen Material umfassen. In manchen Ausführungsformen kann ein Metall einer Metallverbindung aus einem Blech eines entsprechend vorgegebenen Materials hergestellt sein. In manchen Ausführungsformen können die zwei Metalle einer Metallverbindung an einem Stumpfstoß miteinander verbunden sein. In manchen Ausführungsformen können die zwei Metalle an einer Gehrung 51 miteinander verbunden sein. In manchen Ausführungsformen können die zwei Metalle einer Metallverbindung überlappend angeordnet und dabei miteinander verbunden sein. The metal connections can be, for example, soldered connections, pressed connections, twisted connections and / or riveted connections. In some embodiments, one or both of the metals of a metal compound may comprise a wire of a given material. In some embodiments, a metal of a metal connection can be produced from a sheet of a correspondingly predetermined material. In some embodiments, the two metals of a metal connection can be joined together at a butt joint. In some embodiments, the two metals can be connected to one another at a miter 51. In some embodiments, the two metals of a metal connection can be arranged in an overlapping manner and thereby connected to one another.
Figur 3 zeigt schematisch eine Temperaturmessanordnung 1 zur Temperaturüberwachung mehrerer Batteriezellen 11 eines Batteriepacks gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung. Die Batteriezellen 11 des Batteriepacks 10 werden von den Zellhaltern 36 gehalten. In den Zellhaltern 36 sind die Thermoelemente umfassend die Metallverbindungen 13 integriert. Dies kann den Vorteil haben, dass die Thermoelemente vor Außeneinwirkungen geschützt sind und die Baugröße des Batteriepacks nicht durch die Temperaturmessanordnung vergrößert werden muss. FIG. 3 schematically shows a temperature measuring arrangement 1 for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells 11 of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention. The battery cells 11 of the battery pack 10 are held by the cell holders 36. The thermocouples including the metal connections 13 are integrated in the cell holders 36. This can have the advantage that the thermocouples are protected from external influences and the size of the battery pack does not have to be increased by the temperature measuring arrangement.
In Figur 3 befinden sich die Thermoelemente jeweils im Wärmeabgabebereich mehrerer (zweier, beziehungsweise vierer) Batteriezellen 11. Dadurch kann die Anzahl der Thermoelemente reduziert und der Fierstellungsaufwand minimiert werden. In dieser Ausführungsform ist die Auswerteeinheit mit den Enden 16a, 16b der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente über lösbare Kontakte 31a und 31b verbunden. Dies kann den Vorteil haben, dass die FHerstellung des Batteriepacks in einem Baukastensystem möglich sein kann. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass fehlerhafte Komponenten flexibler ausgetauscht werden können. In FIG. 3, the thermocouples are each located in the heat emission area of a plurality of (two or four) battery cells 11. This allows the number of thermocouples to be reduced and the effort required for the freezing position to be minimized. In this embodiment, the evaluation unit is connected to the ends 16a, 16b of the series-connected thermocouples via releasable contacts 31a and 31b. This can have the advantage that the battery pack can be produced in a modular system. Another advantage is that defective components can be exchanged more flexibly.
In manchen Ausführungsformen kann es vorteilhaft sein, einen Wärmeabgabebereich einer Batteriezelle des Batteriepacks thermisch, beispielsweise über thermische Leiter, mit einem Thermoelement zu koppeln. In some embodiments, it can be advantageous to thermally couple a heat release region of a battery cell of the battery pack, for example via thermal conductors, to a thermocouple.
Figur 4 zeigt schematisch eine Temperaturmessanordnung 1 zur Temperaturüberwachung mehrerer Batteriezellen 11 eines Batteriepacks gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung. Die Temperaturmessanordnung 1 aus Figur 4 unterscheidet sich von der Temperaturmessanordnung 1 aus Figur 3 dadurch, dass die Temperaturmessanordnung 1 einen Temperatursensor 41, beispielsweise einen NTC oder PTC, umfasst. Der Temperatursensor ist über die Sensorverbindungselemente 17a mit der Auswerteeinheit verbunden. Manche Ausführungsformen können auch zwei oder mehrere Temperatursensoren 14, die mit der Auswerteeinheit verbunden sind, umfassen. FIG. 4 schematically shows a temperature measuring arrangement 1 for monitoring the temperature of a plurality of battery cells 11 of a battery pack according to a Embodiment of the invention. The temperature measuring arrangement 1 from FIG. 4 differs from the temperature measuring arrangement 1 from FIG. 3 in that the temperature measuring arrangement 1 comprises a temperature sensor 41, for example an NTC or PTC. The temperature sensor is connected to the evaluation unit via the sensor connection elements 17a. Some embodiments can also include two or more temperature sensors 14 that are connected to the evaluation unit.
Des Weiteren sind die Zellhalter aus gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht in Figur 4 eingezeichnet. Die Thermoelemente sind analog zu Figur 3 in den Zellhaltern verbaut. In manchen Ausführungsformen kann ein Thermoelement im Wärmeabgabebereich zweier oder mehrerer Batteriezellen angeordnet sein. In manchen Ausführungsformen können die Thermoelemente beispielsweise auf/in einer Platine in einer Ebene über/unter den Zellen oder lose am Batteriepack und nicht im Zellhalter angeordnet sein. Furthermore, the cell holders are not shown in FIG. 4 for reasons of clarity. The thermocouples are installed in the cell holders analogously to FIG. 3. In some embodiments, a thermocouple can be arranged in the heat release area of two or more battery cells. In some embodiments, the thermocouples can for example be arranged on / in a circuit board in a plane above / below the cells or loosely on the battery pack and not in the cell holder.
Ein oder mehrere Temperatursensoren können beispielsweise auf einer Platine auf den Batteriezellen oder unter den Batteriezellen, beziehungsweise in einem Zellhalter integriert angeordnet sein. One or more temperature sensors can be arranged, for example, on a circuit board on the battery cells or under the battery cells, or integrated in a cell holder.
Die Auswerteeinheit 12 kann in manchen Ausführungsformen beispielsweise eine Zellüberwachungseinheit sein. Eine Zellüberwachungseinheit, kann in manchen Ausführungsformen dazu eingerichtet sein, Zellen, insbesondere Batteriezellen, hinsichtlich Temperatur, Ladezustand, Zellspannung, etc. zu überwachen. In manchen Ausführungsformen kann die Zellüberwachungseinheit dazu eingerichtet sein, die Zellen in einem vordefinierten Betriebsbereich (Betriebskorridor) hinsichtlich Zellspannung, Zelltemperatur, etc. zu halten. In some embodiments, the evaluation unit 12 can be, for example, a cell monitoring unit. In some embodiments, a cell monitoring unit can be set up to monitor cells, in particular battery cells, with regard to temperature, state of charge, cell voltage, etc. In some embodiments, the cell monitoring unit can be set up to keep the cells in a predefined operating range (operating corridor) with regard to cell voltage, cell temperature, etc.
In manchen Ausführungsformen kann die Auswerteeinheit dazu eingerichtet sein, mittels der zwei oder mehrerer in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente und einem absoluten Temperatursensor, beispielsweise einem NTC, eine redundante Temperaturüberwachung zu gewährleisten. In manchen Ausführungsformen kann die Auswerteeinheit dazu einen Verstärker, insbesondere einen LNA (low-noise-amplifier), und/oder einen Analog-Digital-Wandler umfassen. Des Weiteren kann in manchen Ausführungsformen die Auswerteeinheit dazu eingerichtet sein, eine Spannung zwischen den Enden der Reihenschaltung 16a und 16b mit einem vorgegebenen Referenzwert analog mit einem Komparator und/oder digital mit einer Recheneinheit zu vergleichen. In manchen Ausführungsformen kann der vorgegebene Referenzwert variabel in Abhängigkeit weiterer Parameter, wie beispielsweise einer im Batteriepack absolut gemessenen Temperatur, einem Ladestrom und/oder Entladestrom, der Kapazität und/oder dem Ladezustand der Batteriezellen im Batteriepack, sein. In some embodiments, the evaluation unit can be set up to ensure redundant temperature monitoring by means of the two or more thermocouples connected in series and an absolute temperature sensor, for example an NTC. In some embodiments, the evaluation unit can for this purpose comprise an amplifier, in particular an LNA (low-noise amplifier), and / or an analog-digital converter. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the evaluation unit can be set up to compare a voltage between the ends of the series circuit 16a and 16b with a predefined reference value, analogously with a comparator and / or digitally with a computing unit. In some embodiments, the predefined reference value can be variable as a function of further parameters, such as, for example, a temperature measured absolutely in the battery pack, a charging current and / or discharging current, the capacity and / or the state of charge of the battery cells in the battery pack.
In manchen Ausführungsformen kann die Auswerteeinheit dazu eingerichtet sein einen Ladevorgang und/oder Entladevorgang der Batteriezellen zu stoppen oder zu unterbrechen, eine visuelle und/oder akustische Warnung auszugeben und/oder Sicherheitsmaßnahmen einzuleiten, wenn die zwischen den Enden der Reihenschaltung 16a und 16b ermittelte Spannung betragsmäßig den vorgegebenen Referenzwert übersteigt. In some embodiments, the evaluation unit can be set up to stop or interrupt a charging process and / or discharging process of the battery cells, to output a visual and / or acoustic warning and / or to initiate safety measures when the amount of the voltage determined between the ends of the series circuit 16a and 16b exceeds the specified reference value.
BEZUGSZEICHEN REFERENCE MARK
1 Temperaturmessanordnung 1 temperature measurement arrangement
10 Batteriepack 10 battery pack
11 Batteriezellen 11 battery cells
12 Auswerteeinheit 12 evaluation unit
13, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d Metallverbindung 13, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d metal compound
15 erstes Metall 15 first metal
16 zweites Metall 16a erstes Ende der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente 16b zweites Ende der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente16 second metal 16a first end of series-connected thermocouples 16b second end of series-connected thermocouples
17, 17a Verbindungselement, leitend 21 drittes Metall 22 viertes Metall 23 fünftes Metall 17, 17a connecting element, conductive 21 third metal 22 fourth metal 23 fifth metal
31a, 31b lösbare Kontakte 36 Zellhalter 41 Temperatursensor zur absoluten Temperaturmessung 51 Gehrung 31a, 31b detachable contacts 36 cell holder 41 temperature sensor for absolute temperature measurement 51 miter

Claims

ANSPRÜCHE EXPECTATIONS
1. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) zur Temperaturüberwachung mehrerer Batteriezellen eines Batteriepacks (10) umfassend: zwei oder mehrere in Reihe geschaltete Thermoelemente, die eine Reihenschaltung mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Ende bilden, und eine Auswerteeinheit (12), wobei ein Thermoelement zwei unterschiedliche Metalle (15, 16, 21, 22, 23) umfasst und die Metalle miteinander zu einer Metallverbindung (13, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d) verbunden sind, sodass ein thermoelektrischer Effekt zwischen den Metallen entsteht, wobei die Metallverbindungen der zwei oder mehreren Thermoelemente in einem Wärmeabgabebereich einer oder mehrerer Batteriezellen (11) angeordnet sind, und wobei die Auswerteeinheit (12) dazu eingerichtet ist, eine zwischen den Enden (16a, 16b) der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente anliegende Thermospannung und/oder einen an einem der Enden anliegenden (16a; 16b) Thermostrom zu detektieren und auszuwerten. 1. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) for monitoring the temperature of several battery cells of a battery pack (10) comprising: two or more series-connected thermocouples, which form a series circuit with a first and a second end, and an evaluation unit (12), a thermocouple having two different metals (15, 16, 21, 22, 23) and the metals are connected to one another to form a metal connection (13, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d), so that a thermoelectric effect is created between the metals, the metal connections of the two or more thermocouples one or more battery cells (11) are arranged in a heat emission area, and the evaluation unit (12) is set up to measure a thermal voltage applied between the ends (16a, 16b) of the series-connected thermocouples and / or a thermal voltage applied to one of the ends ( 16a; 16b) to detect and evaluate thermal current.
2. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Thermoelemente derart verschaltet sind, dass bei einer geraden Anzahl an Thermoelementen sich die Thermospannungen und/oder Thermoströme gegenseitig aufheben, wenn an allen Thermoelementen dieselbe Umgebungstemperatur herrscht. 2. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to claim 1, wherein the thermocouples are connected in such a way that with an even number of thermocouples, the thermal voltages and / or thermal currents cancel each other out when the same ambient temperature prevails at all thermocouples.
3. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei die Verschaltung zweier benachbarter Thermoelemente derart erfolgt, dass gleiche Metalle der zwei benachbarten Thermoelemente miteinander verbunden sind. 3. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the interconnection of two adjacent thermocouples takes place in such a way that the same metals of the two adjacent thermocouples are connected to one another.
4. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Thermoelemente derart verschaltet sind und Thermoelemente Metalle umfassen, so dass sich die Thermospannungen und/oder Thermoströme zweier benachbarter Thermoelemente aufheben, wenn die Umgebungstemperatur eines ersten Thermoelements der zwei benachbarten Thermoelemente mit der Umgebungstemperatur eines zweiten Thermoelements der zwei benachbarten Thermoelemente übereinstimmt. 4. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thermocouples are connected in such a way and thermocouples comprise metals, so that the thermal voltages and / or thermal currents of two Eliminate adjacent thermocouples when the ambient temperature of a first thermocouple of the two adjacent thermocouples coincides with the ambient temperature of a second thermocouple of the two adjacent thermocouples.
5. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei ein oder mehrere Thermoelemente der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente in einem Zellträger, insbesondere einem Kunststoff-Zellträger, des Batteriepacks (10) integriert sind. 5. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein one or more thermocouples of the series-connected thermocouples are integrated in a cell carrier, in particular a plastic cell carrier, of the battery pack (10).
6. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei ein oder mehrere Thermoelemente der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente auf einer Temperaturleiterplatte angeordnet sind. 6. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein one or more thermocouples of the series-connected thermocouples are arranged on a temperature circuit board.
7. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei ein Thermoelement der zwei oder mehreren Thermoelemente im Wärmeabgabebereich zweier oder mehrerer benachbarter Zellen, insbesondere vierer benachbarter Zellen, angeordnet ist. 7. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein one thermocouple of the two or more thermocouples is arranged in the heat release region of two or more neighboring cells, in particular four neighboring cells.
8. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei alle Thermoelemente der Temperaturmessanordnung derart zwischen den Batteriezellen (11) des Batteriepacks (10) angeordnet sind, dass bei gleicher Zelltemperatur aller Batteriezellen (11) an allen Thermoelementen betragsmäßig dieselbe Spannung erzeugt wird. 8. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein all thermocouples of the temperature measuring arrangement are arranged between the battery cells (11) of the battery pack (10) in such a way that with the same cell temperature of all battery cells (11) generates the same amount of voltage on all thermocouples becomes.
9. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei alle Thermoelemente der Messanordnung derart zwischen den Batteriezellen (11) des Batteriepacks (10) angeordnet sind, dass bei gleicher Zelltemperatur aller Batteriezellen (11) der durch die Temperaturmessanordnung (1) überwachten Batteriezellen (11) des Batteriepacks (10), die Umgebungstemperatur aller Thermoelemente identisch ist, insbesondere beim Be- und/oder Entladen des Batteriepacks (10). 9. temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein all thermocouples of the measuring arrangement are arranged between the battery cells (11) of the battery pack (10) that all at the same cell temperature Battery cells (11) of the battery cells (11) of the battery pack (10) monitored by the temperature measuring arrangement (1), the ambient temperature of all thermocouples is identical, in particular when loading and / or discharging the battery pack (10).
10. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die Thermoelemente so zwischen den Zellen angeordnet sind, dass im Wärmeabgabebereich einer jeden Batteriezelle (11) des Batteriepacks (10) ein Thermoelement angeordnet ist. 10. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the thermocouples are arranged between the cells that a thermocouple is arranged in the heat release region of each battery cell (11) of the battery pack (10).
11. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Auswerteeinheit (12) Teil einer Zell-Überwachungs-Einheit (CSC) ist. 11. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the evaluation unit (12) is part of a cell monitoring unit (CSC).
12. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei die Auswerteeinheit (12) einen Verstärker und/oder einen Analog-Digital-Wandler umfasst. 12. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the evaluation unit (12) comprises an amplifier and / or an analog-to-digital converter.
13. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 umfassend: einen oder mehrere Temperatursensoren (41) zur Messung der absoluten Temperatur, wobei die Temperatursensoren (41) im Wärmeabgabebereich einer oder mehrerer Batteriezellen (11) des Batteriepacks (10) angeordnet sind. 13. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12 comprising: one or more temperature sensors (41) for measuring the absolute temperature, wherein the temperature sensors (41) are arranged in the heat release area of one or more battery cells (11) of the battery pack (10) .
14. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei die Thermoelemente so angeordnet sind, dass in einem Wärmeabgabebereich einer Batteriezelle (11) des Batteriepacks (10) nur ein Thermoelement der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente angeordnet ist. 14. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the thermocouples are arranged so that only one thermocouple of the series-connected thermocouples is arranged in a heat release region of a battery cell (11) of the battery pack (10).
15. Temperaturmessanordnung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, wobei die in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente so angeordnet sind, dass sich die Thermospannungen und/oder Thermoströme, erzeugt durch ein Erwärmen einer einzigen Batteriezelle (11) relativ zu den weiteren Batteriezellen (11) des Batteriepacks, insbesondere in Summe, nicht gegenseitig kompensieren und/oder die in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente so angeordnet sind, dass eine Abweichung einer Zelltemperatur einer Batteriezelle (11) von den Zelltemperaturen der weiteren Batteriezellen (11) des Batteriepacks (10) zu einer Spannungsänderung zwischen den Enden der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente und/oder einer Stromänderung an einem Ende der in Reihe geschalteten Thermoelemente führt. 15. Temperature measuring arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the series-connected thermocouples are arranged so that the thermal voltages and / or thermal currents generated by heating a single battery cell (11) relative to the further battery cells (11 ) of the battery pack, especially in total, do not compensate each other and / or the series-connected thermocouples are arranged in such a way that a deviation of a cell temperature of a battery cell (11) from the cell temperatures of the other battery cells (11) of the battery pack (10) results in a voltage change between the ends of the series-connected thermocouples and / or a change in current at one end of the series-connected thermocouples.
PCT/EP2020/080360 2019-11-22 2020-10-29 Temperature measurement arrangement for monitoring the temperature of multiple battery cells in a battery pack WO2021099086A1 (en)

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