WO2021093402A1 - 变速箱和龙门加工中心 - Google Patents

变速箱和龙门加工中心 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021093402A1
WO2021093402A1 PCT/CN2020/110873 CN2020110873W WO2021093402A1 WO 2021093402 A1 WO2021093402 A1 WO 2021093402A1 CN 2020110873 W CN2020110873 W CN 2020110873W WO 2021093402 A1 WO2021093402 A1 WO 2021093402A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmission
transmission shaft
gearbox
gear
induction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/110873
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王永兴
张博
梁毅
周亦熙
周昊晖
Original Assignee
珠海格力智能装备有限公司
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 珠海格力智能装备有限公司, 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力智能装备有限公司
Publication of WO2021093402A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021093402A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear
    • F16H3/22—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear with gears shiftable only axially
    • F16H3/30—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear with gears shiftable only axially with driving and driven shafts not coaxial
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/029—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by means for sealing the gearboxes, e.g. to improve airtightness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/043—Guidance of lubricant within rotary parts, e.g. axial channels or radial openings in shafts

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of gearboxes, and specifically to a gearbox and a gantry machining center.
  • Gearboxes in related technologies usually use shift forks to control gear movement to change the gear reduction ratio.
  • gearboxes that use shift forks to control gear movement have problems such as large space occupation, difficult assembly, and complex structure.
  • the main purpose of this application is to provide a gearbox and a gantry machining center to solve the problem of large space occupied by the gearbox in the prior art.
  • a gearbox which includes: a box body; a transmission shaft, the transmission shaft being movably arranged on the box body along its axial direction, the transmission shaft having a mounting cavity; a piston, The piston is connected with the box body, the piston includes a partition, the partition is arranged in the installation cavity and divides the installation cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber; a transmission assembly, the transmission assembly is connected with the transmission shaft and is rotatable relative to the transmission shaft Ground arrangement, the transmission assembly includes a plurality of transmission gears; an output assembly, the output assembly is connected with the box body and rotatably arranged relative to the box; the output assembly includes a plurality of output gears, the plurality of output gears correspond to the plurality of transmission gears one-to-one Ground, so that the transmission shaft drives the transmission assembly to move relative to the piston and the box body by injecting fluid into the first chamber or the second chamber, and selects a transmission gear from a
  • the gearbox further includes a sensing component, the sensing component includes: a sensing component, the sensing component is arranged on the transmission shaft; a sensing bracket, the sensing bracket is arranged on the box body; the sensing switch, a plurality of sensing switches are arranged on the sensing bracket at intervals
  • a plurality of induction switches are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of transmission gears;
  • the transmission shaft drives the transmission assembly and the induction part to move synchronously, and the induction part is used for inductive coordination with one of the plurality of induction switches;
  • the inductive switch sends out an in-position signal to stop the flow of liquid or gas into the first chamber or the second chamber and stop the drive shaft from moving.
  • the induction support and the transmission shaft are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the transmission shaft, and a plurality of induction switches are arranged on the induction support at intervals along the axial direction of the transmission shaft;
  • the induction component further includes: a guide column along the radial direction of the transmission shaft ,
  • the guide post is arranged between the induction bracket and the transmission shaft, the induction part is provided with a guide hole, and the induction part is sleeved on the guide post through the guide hole; along the radial direction of the transmission shaft, the first end of the induction part is connected with the transmission shaft ,
  • the second end of the sensing element is spaced a predetermined distance from the sensing element.
  • the gearbox further includes an input gear, the input gear is connected to the box body and rotatably arranged relative to the box body, and the input gear is kept meshed with one of the plurality of transmission gears.
  • the box body has a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole that are arranged oppositely;
  • the gearbox further includes: a first sealing flange, the first sealing flange is mounted at the first mounting hole, and the first sealing flange has a sliding To move the hole, the first end of the transmission shaft is movably penetrated at the sliding hole, and the second end of the transmission shaft is movably penetrated at the second installation hole.
  • the gearbox further includes: a first sealing ring, the first sealing ring is arranged between the outer peripheral wall of the first sealing flange and the inner wall of the first mounting hole; a second sealing ring, the second sealing ring is arranged on the transmission Between the outer peripheral wall of the shaft and the inner wall of the sliding hole.
  • the gearbox further includes: a second sealing flange, the second sealing flange is installed at the second mounting hole and located at the opening of the second mounting hole away from the first mounting hole; the piston passes through the second sealing flange and The box body is connected, the piston is located at the second installation hole, and the partition extends into the installation cavity.
  • the gearbox further includes: a third sealing ring, the third sealing ring is arranged between the outer peripheral wall of the transmission shaft and the inner peripheral wall of the second mounting hole; the fourth sealing ring, the fourth sealing ring is arranged in the second sealing method Between the outer peripheral wall of the blue and the inner peripheral wall of the second mounting hole.
  • the piston further includes a rod part, the first end of the rod part is connected with the second sealing flange, and the second end of the rod part is connected with the partition part;
  • the gearbox further includes: a guide sealing sleeve, the guide sealing sleeve is installed in the installation cavity Inside and located at one end of the installation cavity far away from the first installation hole; the transmission shaft is sleeved on the rod part through a guide sealing sleeve.
  • the gearbox further includes: a fifth sealing ring, the fifth sealing ring is arranged between the inner peripheral wall of the guide sealing sleeve and the outer peripheral wall of the rod; the sixth sealing ring, the fifth sealing ring is arranged on the outer circumference of the guide sealing sleeve Between the wall and the inner peripheral wall of the drive shaft.
  • the piston has a first passage communicating with the first chamber and a second passage communicating with the second chamber;
  • the second sealing flange has a third passage for communicating with the first passage and a third passage for communicating with the second chamber.
  • the fourth channel connected by the channel.
  • the gearbox further includes two seventh sealing rings, one seventh sealing ring is arranged on the second sealing flange and located at the communication point between the first passage and the third passage, and the other seventh sealing ring is arranged on the second sealing flange.
  • the sealing flange is located at the communication point between the second passage and the fourth passage.
  • the gearbox further includes a wear ring, which is arranged between the outer peripheral wall of the partition and the inner peripheral wall of the installation cavity.
  • the gearbox further includes an eighth sealing ring, which is arranged between the outer peripheral wall of the partition and the inner peripheral wall of the installation cavity.
  • the transmission shaft has a first speed position and a second speed position; there are two transmission gears, and the two transmission gears are the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear respectively; the index circle diameter of the first transmission gear is larger than that of the second transmission gear.
  • the gearbox further includes: a first bearing and a second bearing, the first bearing is mounted on the first end of the first transmission gear, the second bearing is mounted on the second end of the first transmission gear, and the first bearing is sleeved on On the transmission shaft and matched with the shoulder stop of the transmission shaft; the first bearing and the second bearing are sleeved on the transmission shaft; the first bearing is matched with the shoulder stop of the transmission shaft; the first lock nut, the first The lock nut is threadedly connected with the transmission shaft and is pressed on the second bearing to prevent the first transmission gear from moving relative to the transmission shaft along its axial direction; the positioning pin is used to connect the second transmission gear and the optical shaft part , To prevent the second transmission gear and the optical shaft from moving relative to each other in the radial direction; the second lock nut, the second lock nut is threadedly connected with the transmission shaft and pressed on the second transmission gear and the positioning pin to prevent the second The transmission gear and the first transmission gear move relative to each other in the axial direction
  • a gantry machining center which includes a gearbox, and the gearbox is the aforementioned gearbox.
  • one transmission gear of the multiple transmission gears meshes with the corresponding output gear; when the speed change is required, liquid is introduced into the first chamber and/or the second chamber Or gas, use the pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber to drive the transmission shaft to move relative to the piston. Because the piston is fixedly connected to the box, the transmission shaft will drive the transmission assembly to move relative to the box, thereby making the transmission assembly.
  • the other transmission gear meshes with the other output gear corresponding to it, because the transmission ratio between the transmission gear and the output gear matched for the first time and the transmission between the transmission gear and the output gear matched for the second time The ratio is different, and the speed can be changed.
  • the gearbox provided in this application uses hydraulic or pneumatic means to drive the transmission shaft to drive the transmission assembly to move relative to the box body, so that the gear can be changed while occupying a small space.
  • the gearbox provided in this application also has a simple structure and simple assembly The advantages.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a gearbox according to an alternative embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at C in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a part of the structure at A-A of the gearbox in Fig. 1, in which the first transmission gear and the first output gear mesh;
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure view of a part of the structure at A-A of the gearbox in Fig. 1, in which the second transmission gear and the second output gear mesh.
  • the present application provides a gearbox and a gantry machining center.
  • the gearbox includes a box body 10, a transmission shaft 20, a piston 30, a transmission assembly 40, and an output assembly 50.
  • the transmission shaft 20 is movably arranged on the box body 10 along its axial direction.
  • 20 has a mounting cavity 21.
  • the piston 30 is connected to the box body 10.
  • the piston 30 includes a partition 31.
  • the partition 31 is arranged in the mounting cavity 21 and divides the mounting cavity 21 into a first chamber 211 and a second chamber 212.
  • the assembly 40 is connected to the transmission shaft 20 and is rotatably arranged relative to the transmission shaft 20.
  • the transmission assembly 40 includes a plurality of transmission gears 41.
  • the output assembly 50 is connected to the box body 10 and is rotatably arranged relative to the box body 10; the output assembly 50 It includes a plurality of output gears 51, and the plurality of output gears 51 are matched with the plurality of transmission gears 41 in a one-to-one correspondence, so as to pass liquid or gas into the first chamber 211 and/or the second chamber 212 to make the transmission shaft 20 drives the transmission assembly 40 to move relative to the piston 30 and the box body 10, and selects a transmission gear 41 of the plurality of transmission gears 41 to mesh with a corresponding output gear 51.
  • one transmission gear 41 of the plurality of transmission gears 41 meshes with the corresponding output gear 51; when a gear shift is required, the transmission to the first chamber 211 and/or the second chamber Liquid or gas is introduced into 212, and the pressure difference between the first chamber 211 and the second chamber 212 is used to drive the transmission shaft 20 to move relative to the piston 30. Since the piston 30 is fixedly connected to the box body 10, the transmission shaft 20 will drive The transmission assembly 40 moves relative to the box body 10, so that the other transmission gear 41 in the transmission assembly 40 meshes with the other output gear 51 corresponding to it. Because the first matching transmission gear 41 and the output gear 51 are The transmission ratio is different from the transmission ratio between the transmission gear 41 and the output gear 51 that are matched for the second time, so that the speed can be changed.
  • the gearbox provided in the present application drives the transmission shaft 20 to drive the transmission assembly 40 to move relative to the box body 10 in a hydraulic or pneumatic manner, and can achieve speed change while occupying a small space.
  • the gearbox provided in the present application also has a simple structure and The advantage of simple assembly.
  • hydraulic oil is passed into the first chamber 211 and/or the second chamber 212 to drive the transmission shaft 20 to move.
  • Hydraulic drive has the advantages of simple structure, good stability, large output force, high efficiency and convenient maintenance.
  • the transmission shaft 20 has multiple stay positions, so that the transmission assembly 40 has multiple stay positions.
  • the transmission assembly 40 When the transmission assembly 40 is located at each stay position, only one set of corresponding transmission gear 41 and output gear 51 is in operation. State that there is only one set of corresponding transmission gear 41 and output gear 51 meshing with each other to achieve transmission, and the remaining transmission gear 41 and output gear 51 are in an idle state; when the gear needs to be changed, the transmission to the first chamber 211 and/or the second chamber Liquid or gas is introduced into the chamber 212, and the drive shaft 20 drives the transmission assembly 40 to move to the next stop position, so that another set of corresponding transmission gear 41 and output gear 51 at the stop position are in working condition.
  • the transmission gear 41 and the output gear 51 have different transmission ratios, thereby realizing the degree of change.
  • the number of the transmission gear 41 and the output gear 51 determines the number of gear positions of the gearbox, which can be flexibly set according to the needs of use.
  • the gearbox further includes a bearing, and the transmission assembly 40 is mounted on the transmission shaft 20 through the bearing.
  • the inner hole of the transmission gear 41 is in interference fit with the outer ring of the bearing, and the inner ring of the bearing is in interference fit with the outer peripheral wall of the transmission shaft 20, so that the transmission shaft 20 can not only drive the transmission gear 41 to move, but also realize the transmission gear 41 It can rotate relative to the drive shaft 20.
  • the gearbox further includes a sensing component 60, which includes a sensing component 61, a sensing bracket 62 and a sensing switch 63.
  • the sensing component 61 is arranged on the transmission shaft 20, and the sensing bracket 62 is arranged on the box body 10.
  • a plurality of induction switches 63 are arranged on the induction bracket 62 at intervals, and the plurality of induction switches 63 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of transmission gears 41; the transmission shaft 20 drives the transmission assembly 40 and the induction part 61 to move synchronously, and the induction part 61 is used for For inductive coordination with one of the plurality of inductive switches 63; wherein the inductive switch 63 that senses the sensing element 61 sends out an in-position signal to stop the flow of liquid into the first chamber 211 and/or the second chamber 212 Or gas, and stop the drive shaft 20 from moving.
  • the induction assembly 60 is used to ensure that the transmission shaft 20 moves in place and reliably stays at the required position, so as to ensure that the required transmission gear 41 and the output gear 51 are meshed, thereby ensuring that the gearbox is switched to a predetermined gear position and passed the output The gear 51 realizes a reliable output at a predetermined speed.
  • the induction bracket 62 and the transmission shaft 20 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the transmission shaft 20, and a plurality of induction switches 63 are arranged on the induction bracket 62 at intervals along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 20; the induction assembly 60 also includes The guide post 64 is arranged along the radial direction of the transmission shaft 20. The guide post 64 is arranged between the induction support 62 and the transmission shaft 20.
  • the induction part 61 is provided with a guide hole 611, and the induction part 61 is sleeved on the guide post 64 through the guide hole 611 Top; Along the radial direction of the transmission shaft 20, the first end of the sensing element 61 is connected to the transmission shaft 20, and the second end of the sensing element 61 is set at a predetermined distance from the sensing element 61. In this way, the arrangement of the guide post 64 can ensure the smooth movement of the sensing element 61 and prevent the sensing element 61 from rotating relative to the box body 10 to cause the sensing assembly 60 to fail.
  • the gearbox further includes an input gear 70, which is connected to the box body 10 and is rotatably arranged relative to the box body 10, the input gear 70 and one of the plurality of transmission gears 41 41 Keep engaged.
  • a plurality of transmission gears 41 are connected so that when the input gear 70 drives one transmission gear 41 meshed with it to rotate, the remaining transmission gears 41 rotate synchronously with it, thereby driving an output gear 51 meshing with the transmission assembly 40 to rotate to achieve output.
  • the gearbox also includes an output shaft, and multiple output gears 51 are connected to the output shaft, so that when any output gear 51 rotates, the output shaft can be driven to rotate, and different output gears 51 drive the lower output shaft.
  • the speed is different, so as to achieve variable speed.
  • the box body 10 has a first mounting hole 11 and a second mounting hole 12 opposite to each other; the gearbox also includes a first sealing flange 80, a first sealing ring 90, and a second sealing ring 100 ,
  • the second sealing flange 110, the third sealing ring 120 and the fourth sealing ring 130, the first sealing flange 80 is installed at the first mounting hole 11, the first sealing flange 80 has a sliding hole 81, and the drive shaft 20
  • the first end of the drive shaft is movably penetrated at the sliding hole 81
  • the second end of the drive shaft 20 is movably penetrated at the second mounting hole 12
  • the first sealing ring 90 is provided at the first sealing flange 80.
  • the second sealing ring 100 is arranged between the outer peripheral wall of the transmission shaft 20 and the inner wall of the sliding hole 81, and the second sealing flange 110 is mounted on the second mounting hole. 12 and located at the opening of the second mounting hole 12 away from the first mounting hole 11; the piston 30 is connected to the box body 10 through the second sealing flange 110, the piston 30 is located at the second mounting hole 12, and the partition 31 extends into In the installation cavity 21; the third sealing ring 120 is provided between the outer peripheral wall of the transmission shaft 20 and the inner peripheral wall of the second mounting hole 12, and the fourth sealing ring 130 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the second sealing flange 110 and the second Between the inner peripheral wall of the mounting hole 12.
  • the arrangement of the third sealing ring 120 can prevent the hydraulic oil from facing the tank.
  • the inside of the body 10 further leaks, and the arrangement of the fourth sealing ring 130 can prevent the hydraulic oil from further leaking toward the outside of the box body 10.
  • the piston 30 further includes a rod portion 32, the first end of the rod portion 32 is connected to the second sealing flange 110, and the second end of the rod portion 32 is connected to the partition portion 31;
  • the gearbox also includes The guide sealing sleeve 140, the fifth sealing ring 150 and the sixth sealing ring 160.
  • the guide sealing sleeve 140 is installed in the installation cavity 21 and located at one end of the installation cavity 21 away from the first installation hole 11; the transmission shaft 20 passes through the guide sealing sleeve 140 Is sleeved on the rod portion 32, the fifth seal ring 150 is provided between the inner peripheral wall of the guide seal sleeve 140 and the outer peripheral wall of the rod portion 32, and the fifth seal ring 150 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the guide seal sleeve 140 and the transmission shaft 20 Between the inner peripheral wall.
  • the arrangement of the guide sealing sleeve 140, the fifth sealing ring 150, and the sixth sealing ring 160 can further improve the sealing performance of the second chamber 212, and ensure that the hydraulic oil can reliably drive the transmission shaft 20 to move.
  • the piston 30 has a first passage 301 communicating with the first chamber 211 and a second passage 302 communicating with the second chamber 212;
  • the second sealing flange 110 has The third channel 111 communicating with the first channel 301 and the fourth channel 112 communicating with the second channel 302;
  • the gearbox also includes two seventh sealing rings 170, one seventh sealing ring 170 is arranged in the second sealing method
  • the flange 110 is above and located at the connection between the first passage 301 and the third passage 111 to ensure that the hydraulic oil enters the first chamber 211 through the third passage 111 and the first passage 301 and does not leak outward;
  • another seventh sealing ring 170 is arranged on the second sealing flange 110 and is located at the connection between the second passage 302 and the fourth passage 112 to ensure that the hydraulic oil enters the first chamber 211 through the fourth passage 112 and the second passage 302 and does not leak outward .
  • the gearbox further includes a wear ring 180, which is disposed between the outer peripheral wall of the partition 31 and the inner peripheral wall of the installation cavity 21.
  • a wear ring 180 which is disposed between the outer peripheral wall of the partition 31 and the inner peripheral wall of the installation cavity 21.
  • the gearbox further includes an eighth sealing ring 190, and the eighth sealing ring 190 is disposed between the outer peripheral wall of the partition 31 and the inner peripheral wall of the installation cavity 21.
  • the arrangement of the eighth sealing ring 190 can further ensure that the first chamber 211 and the second chamber 212 are independent of each other, so that the pressure difference between the first chamber 211 and the second chamber 212 can be used to drive reliably.
  • the drive shaft 20 moves.
  • the transmission shaft 20 also has a lubricating oil channel 22 and an oil inlet 23 communicating with it.
  • the lubricating oil channel 22 is spaced apart from the mounting cavity 21, and the lubricating 22 is also connected with the bearing to provide lubricating oil to the bearing to avoid wear or high temperature of the transmission shaft 20 and the transmission assembly 40.
  • the gearbox further includes a blocking member 250, which is provided On the transmission shaft 20 and blocked at one end of the lubricating oil passage 22 away from the installation cavity 21 to avoid leakage of lubricating oil, the oil inlet 23 is opened on the side wall of the transmission shaft 20.
  • the guide post 64 is connected to the box body 10 through the first sealing flange 80, and the guide post 64 is threadedly connected to the first sealing flange 80. This facilitates the guide post 64 installation.
  • the transmission shaft 20 has a first speed position and a second speed position; there are two transmission gears 41, and the two transmission gears 41 are the first transmission gear 401 and the second transmission gear 402, respectively;
  • the index circle diameter of a transmission gear 401 is larger than the index circle diameter of the second transmission gear 402; there are two output gears 51, and the two output gears 51 are the first output gear 501 and the second output gear 502 respectively;
  • the index circle diameter of the gear 501 is smaller than the index circle diameter of the second output gear 502; when the transmission shaft 20 drives the transmission assembly 40 to move to the first speed position, the first transmission gear 401 meshes with the first output gear 501;
  • the second transmission gear 402 meshes with the second output gear 502;
  • the first transmission gear 401 includes a connected tooth portion 403 and an optical shaft portion 404, the second transmission gear 402 is sleeved on the optical shaft
  • the positioning pin 230 is used to fix the radial position of the first transmission gear 401 and the second transmission gear 402, and the first lock nut 220 and the second lock nut 240 are used to fix the first transmission gear 401 and the second transmission gear 402.
  • the axial position is fixed, so that the first transmission gear 401 can drive the second transmission gear 402 to rotate synchronously under the driving of the input gear 70.
  • oil is supplied into the second chamber 212 through the fourth passage 112 and the second passage 302, and the hydraulic oil in the first chamber 211 is discharged through the first passage 301 and the third passage 111 to reduce the speed
  • the tank is in the state of use shown in Figure 5; the hydraulic oil in the second chamber 212 is discharged through the second passage 302 and the fourth passage 112, and into the first chamber 211 through the third passage 111 and the first passage 301 Supply oil so that the gearbox is in use as shown in Figure 6.
  • the index circle diameter of the gear is equal to the modulus times the number of teeth.
  • the transmission ratio is equal to the ratio of the number of teeth of the driven gear to the number of teeth of the driving wheel.
  • the number of teeth of the input gear 70 is z 1 and the speed is n 1 ;
  • the number of teeth of the first transmission gear 401 is z 2 and the speed is n 2 ;
  • the number of teeth of the second transmission gear 402 is z 3 and the speed is n 3 ;
  • the number of teeth of the gear 501 is z 4 and the rotation speed is n 4 ;
  • the number of teeth of the second output gear 502 is z 5 and the rotation speed is n 5 ;
  • n 1 n 2 ;
  • This embodiment provides a gearbox with two gear
  • the input gear 70 and the output assembly 50 are oppositely arranged on both sides of the transmission assembly 40, and the arrangement is reasonable, and the transmission is reliable and stable.
  • the first sealing flange 80 and the second sealing flange 110 are fixed on the box body 10 by screws
  • the piston 30 is fixed on the second sealing flange 110 by screws
  • the guide sealing sleeve 140 is connected to the drive shaft by threads.
  • 20 is connected
  • the sensing element 61 is a sensing plate
  • the sensing plate is connected with the transmission shaft 20 by screws
  • the sensing switch 63 is fixed on the sensing bracket 62 by a nut
  • the sensing bracket 62 is connected with the box body 10 by a screw
  • the output assembly 50 and the output assembly 50 are both located in the box body 10, and the sensing assembly 60 is arranged outside the box body 10 to facilitate electrical connection with the control system.
  • the control system issues a gear shift command
  • oil enters through the third passage 111 or the fourth passage 112 on the second sealing flange 110 to complete the gear shift action.
  • the application also provides a gantry machining center, including a gearbox, which is the above-mentioned gearbox. Since the gearbox provided by the present application has the advantages of simple structure, simple processing and assembly, small footprint, and reliable operation, the gantry machining center provided by the present application also has the advantages of simple structure, simple processing and assembly, small footprint, and reliable operation.
  • the gearbox provided in this application is a gearbox.
  • the gearbox provided by the present application has the advantages of simple structure, small space occupation, less difficulty in processing and assembly, and good processing and assembly manufacturability.
  • the gearbox provided by the present application uses a cylinder-type transmission shaft 20 to realize the disengagement and meshing of the transmission gear 41.
  • the transmission gear 41 is mounted on the transmission shaft 20 through a bearing.
  • the up and down movement of the transmission shaft 20 and the rotational movement of the transmission gear 41 are mutually exclusive.
  • the inductive switch 63 is used to realize the in-position detection of the transmission gear 41, which can realize gear shifting in a smaller space.
  • orientation words such as “front, back, up, down, left, right", “horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal” and “top, bottom” and other directions indicate the orientation Or positional relationship is usually based on the positional or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only used to facilitate the description of the application and simplify the description. Unless otherwise stated, these positional words do not indicate or imply the pointed device or element It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation of the scope of protection of the present application; the orientation word “inside, outside” refers to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.
  • spatially relative terms can be used here, such as “above”, “above”, “above the surface”, “above”, etc., to describe as shown in the figure Shows the spatial positional relationship between one device or feature and other devices or features. It should be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation of the device described in the figure. For example, if the device in the drawing is turned upside down, then a device described as “above other devices or structures” or “above other devices or structures” will then be positioned as “below the other devices or structures” or “on Under other devices or structures”. Thus, the exemplary term “above” can include both orientations “above” and “below”. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated by 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the relative description of the space used here will be explained accordingly.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种变速箱和龙门加工中心。变速箱包括箱体；传动轴，传动轴可移动地设置在箱体上，传动轴具有安装腔；活塞，活塞与箱体连接，活塞包括分隔部，分隔部设置在安装腔内并将安装腔分隔为第一腔室和第二腔室；传动组件，传动组件相对于传动轴可转动地设置，传动组件包括多个传动齿轮；输出组件，输出组件相对于箱体可转动地设置；输出组件包括多个输出齿轮，多个输出齿轮与多个传动齿轮一一对应地配合，以通过向第一腔室和/或第二腔室内通入液体或气体，使传动轴带动传动组件相对于活塞和箱体移动，并使多个传动齿轮中的一个传动齿轮和与其对应的一个输出齿轮相啮合。本申请解决了现有技术中的变速箱存在占用空间大的问题。

Description

变速箱和龙门加工中心
本申请要求于2019年11月13日提交至中国国家知识产权局、申请号为201911108256.3、发明名称为“变速箱和龙门加工中心”的专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及变速箱技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种变速箱和龙门加工中心。
背景技术
相关技术中的变速箱通常采用拨叉控制齿轮移动，来改变齿轮的减速比。但采用拨叉控制齿轮移动的变速箱存在占用空间大、装配难度大、结构复杂等问题。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种变速箱和龙门加工中心，以解决现有技术中的变速箱存在占用空间大的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种变速箱，包括：箱体；传动轴，传动轴沿其轴向可移动地设置在箱体上，传动轴具有安装腔；活塞，活塞与箱体连接，活塞包括分隔部，分隔部设置在安装腔内并将安装腔分隔为第一腔室和第二腔室；传动组件，传动组件与传动轴连接并相对于传动轴可转动地设置，传动组件包括多个传动齿轮；输出组件，输出组件与箱体连接并相对于箱体可转动地设置；输出组件包括多个输出齿轮，多个输出齿轮与多个传动齿轮一一对应地配合，以通过向第一腔室或者第二腔室内通入流体，使传动轴带动传动组件相对于活塞和箱体移动，并选择多个传动齿轮中的一个传动齿轮和与其对应的一个输出齿轮相啮合。
进一步地，变速箱还包括感应组件，感应组件包括：感应件，感应件设置在传动轴上；感应支架，感应支架设置在箱体上；感应开关，多个感应开关相间隔地设置在感应支架上，多个感应开关与多个传动齿轮一一对应地设置；传动轴带动传动组件和感应件同步移动，感应件用于与多个感应开关中的一个感应配合；其中，感应到感应件的感应开关向外发送到位信号，以停止向第一腔室或者第二腔室内通入液体或气体，并使传动轴停止移动。
进一步地，感应支架与传动轴沿传动轴的径向间隔设置，多个感应开关沿传动轴的轴向相间隔地设置在感应支架上；感应组件还包括：导向柱，沿传动轴的径向，导向柱设置在感应支架和传动轴之间，感应件上设有导向孔，感应件通过导向孔套设在导向柱上；沿传动轴的径向，感应件的第一端与传动轴连接，感应件的第二端与感应件间隔预定距离。
进一步地，变速箱还包括输入齿轮，输入齿轮与箱体连接并相对于箱体可转动地设置，输入齿轮和多个传动齿轮中的一个传动齿轮保持啮合。
进一步地，箱体具有相对设置的第一安装孔和第二安装孔；变速箱还包括：第一密封法兰，第一密封法兰安装在第一安装孔处，第一密封法兰具有滑移孔，传动轴的第一端可移动地穿设在滑移孔处，传动轴的第二端可移动地穿设在第二安装孔处。
进一步地，变速箱还包括：第一密封圈，第一密封圈设置在第一密封法兰的外周壁和第一安装孔的孔内壁之间；第二密封圈，第二密封圈设置在传动轴的外周壁和滑移孔的孔内壁之间。
进一步地，变速箱还包括：第二密封法兰，第二密封法兰安装在第二安装孔处并位于第二安装孔的远离第一安装孔的开口处；活塞通过第二密封法兰与箱体连接，活塞位于第二安装孔处，分隔部伸入安装腔内。
进一步地，变速箱还包括：第三密封圈，第三密封圈设置在传动轴的外周壁和第二安装孔的内周壁之间；第四密封圈，第四密封圈设置在第二密封法兰的外周壁和第二安装孔的内周壁之间。
进一步地，活塞还包括杆部，杆部的第一端与第二密封法兰连接，杆部的第二端与分隔部连接；变速箱还包括：导向密封套，导向密封套安装在安装腔内并位于安装腔的远离第一安装孔的一端；传动轴通过导向密封套套设在杆部上。
进一步地，变速箱还包括：第五密封圈，第五密封圈设置在导向密封套的内周壁和杆部的外周壁之间；第六密封圈，第五密封圈设置在导向密封套的外周壁和传动轴的内周壁之间。
进一步地，活塞具有与第一腔室连通的第一通道和与第二腔室连通的第二通道；第二密封法兰具有用于与第一通道连通的第三通道和用于与第二通道连通的第四通道。
进一步地，变速箱还包括两个第七密封圈，一个第七密封圈设置在第二密封法兰上并位于第一通道和第三通道的连通处，另一个第七密封圈设置在第二密封法兰上并位于第二通道和第四通道的连通处。
进一步地，变速箱还包括：耐磨环，耐磨环设置在分隔部的外周壁和安装腔的内周壁之间。
进一步地，变速箱还包括第八密封圈，第八密封圈设置在分隔部的外周壁和安装腔的内周壁之间。
进一步地，传动轴具有第一速度位置和第二速度位置；传动齿轮为两个，两个传动齿轮分别为第一传动齿轮和第二传动齿轮；第一传动齿轮的分度圆直径大于第二传动齿轮的分度圆直径；输出齿轮为两个，两个输出齿轮分别为第一输出齿轮和第二输出齿轮；第一输出齿轮的分度圆直径小于第二输出齿轮的分度圆直径；当传动轴带动传动组件移动至第一速度位置时，第一传动齿轮与第一输出齿轮啮合；当传动轴带动传动组件移动至第二速度位置时，第二传动齿轮与第二输出齿轮啮合；沿传动轴的轴向，第一传动齿轮包括相连接的齿部和光轴部，第二传动齿轮套设在光轴部上并与齿部止挡配合。
进一步地，变速箱还包括：第一轴承和第二轴承，第一轴承装配在第一传动齿轮的第一端，第二轴承装配在第一传动齿轮的第二端，第一轴承套设在传动轴上并与传动轴的轴肩止挡配合；第一轴承和第二轴承均套设在传动轴上；第一轴承与传动轴的轴肩止挡配合；第一锁紧螺母，第一锁紧螺母与传动轴螺纹连接并压设在第二轴承上，以阻止第一传动齿轮相对于传动轴沿其轴向发生相对移动；定位销，定位销用于连接第二传动齿轮和光轴部，以阻止第二传动齿轮和光轴部发生径向相对窜动；第二锁紧螺母，第二锁紧螺母与传动轴螺纹连接并压设在第二传动齿轮和定位销上，以阻止第二传动齿轮和第一传动齿轮发生轴向相对窜动。
根据本申请的另一方面，提供了一种龙门加工中心，包括变速箱，变速箱为上述的变速箱。
应用本申请的技术方案，初始状态时，多个传动齿轮中的一个传动齿轮和与其对应的一个输出齿轮相啮合；当需要变速时，向第一腔室和/或第二腔室内通入液体或气体，利用第一腔室和第二腔室之间的压差驱动传动轴相对于活塞移动，由于活塞与箱体固定连接，传动轴会带动传动组件相对于箱体移动，从而使传动组件中的另一个传动齿轮和与其对应的另一个输出齿轮相啮合，由于第一次相配合的传动齿轮和输出齿轮之间的传动比与第二次相配合的传动齿轮和输出齿轮之间的传动比不同，进而可以实现变速。
本申请提供的变速箱利用液压或气压的方式驱动传动轴带动传动组件相对于箱体移动，从而可以在占用较小空间的情况下实现变速，本申请提供的变速箱还具有结构简单和装配简单的优点。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本申请的一种可选实施例的变速箱的剖视结构示意图；
图2示出了图1中A处的放大结构示意图；
图3示出了图1中B处的放大结构示意图；
图4示出了图1中C处的放大结构示意图；
图5示出了图1中的变速箱的A-A处的部分结构的剖视结构示意图，其中，第一传动齿轮和第一输出齿轮啮合；
图6示出了图1中的变速箱的A-A处的部分结构的剖视结构示意图，其中，第二传动齿轮和第二输出齿轮啮合。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
10、箱体；11、第一安装孔；12、第二安装孔；20、传动轴；21、安装腔；211、第一腔室；212、第二腔室；22、润滑油通道；23、进油口；30、活塞；31、分隔部；32、杆部；301、第一通道；302、第二通道；40、传动组件；41、传动齿轮；401、第一传动齿轮；402、第二传动齿轮；403、齿部；404、光轴部；50、输出组件；51、输出齿轮；501、第一输出齿轮；502、第二输出齿轮；60、感应组件；61、感应件；611、导向孔；62、感应支架；63、感应开关；64、导向柱；70、输入齿轮；80、第一密封法兰；81、滑移孔；90、第一密封圈；100、第二密封圈；110、第二密封法兰；111、第三通道；112、第四通道；120、第三密封圈；130、第四密封圈；140、导向密封套；150、第五密封圈；160、第六密封圈；170、第七密封圈；180、耐磨环；190、第八密封圈；200、第一轴承；210、第二轴承；220、第一锁紧螺母；230、定位销；240、第二锁紧螺母；250、封堵件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
为了解决现有技术中的变速箱存在占用空间大的问题，本申请提供了一种变速箱和龙门加工中心。
如图1至图6所示，变速箱包括箱体10、传动轴20、活塞30、传动组件40和输出组件50，传动轴20沿其轴向可移动地设置在箱体10上，传动轴20具有安装腔21，活塞30与箱体10连接，活塞30包括分隔部31，分隔部31设置在安装腔21内并将安装腔21分隔为第一腔室211和第二腔室212，传动组件40与传动轴20连接并相对于传动轴20可转动地设置，传动组件40包括多个传动齿轮41，输出组件50与箱体10连接并相对于箱体10可转动地设置；输出组件50包括多个输出齿轮51，多个输出齿轮51与多个传动齿轮41一一对应地配合，以通过向第一腔室211和/或第二腔室212内通入液体或气体，使传动轴20带动传动组件40相对于活塞30和箱体10移动，并选择多个传动齿轮41中的一个传动齿轮41和与其对应的一个输出齿轮51相啮合。
在本实施例中，初始状态时，多个传动齿轮41中的一个传动齿轮41和与其对应的一个输出齿轮51相啮合；当需要变速时，向第一腔室211和/或第二腔室212内通入液体或气体，利用第一腔室211和第二腔室212之间的压差驱动传动轴20相对于活塞30移动，由于活塞30与箱体10固定连接，传动轴20会带动传动组件40相对于箱体10移动，从而使传动组件40中的另一个传动齿轮41和与其对应的另一个输出齿轮51相啮合，由于第一次相配合的传动齿轮41和输出齿轮51之间的传动比与第二次相配合的传动齿轮41和输出齿轮51之间的传动比不同，进而可以实现变速。
本申请提供的变速箱利用液压或气压的方式驱动传动轴20带动传动组件40相对于箱体10移动，可以在占用较小空间的情况下实现变速，本申请提供的变速箱还具有结构简单和装配简单的优点。
在具体实施时，向第一腔室211和/或第二腔室212内通入液压油驱动传动轴20移动。液压驱动具有结构简单、平稳性好、输出力较大、效率高和维护方便等优点。
在具体实施时，传动轴20具有多个停留位置，从而使传动组件40具有多个停留位置，当传动组件40位于各个停留位置时，仅有一组相对应的传动齿轮41和输出齿轮51处于工作状态即仅有一组相对应的传动齿轮41和输出齿轮51相互啮合实现传动，其余的传动齿轮41和输出齿轮51处于闲置状态；当需要变速时，向第一腔室211和/或第二腔室212内通入液体或气体，驱动传动轴20带动传动组件40移动至下一个停留位置，使该停留位置处的另外一组相对应的传动齿轮41和输出齿轮51处于工作状态，由于不同组的传动齿轮41和输出齿轮51的传动比不同，进而实现变度。传动齿轮41和输出齿轮51的数量决定了变速箱的档位数量，可以根据使用需要灵活设置。
可选地，变速箱还包括轴承，传动组件40通过轴承安装在传动轴20上。传动齿轮41的内孔与轴承的外环过盈配合，轴承的内环与传动轴20的外周壁过盈配合，从而可以实现传动轴20既能够带动传动齿轮41移动，又能够实现传动齿轮41可以相对于传动轴20转动。
如图1所示，变速箱还包括感应组件60，感应组件60包括感应件61、感应支架62和感应开关63，感应件61设置在传动轴20上，感应支架62设置在箱体10上，多个感应开关63相间隔地设置在感应支架62上，多个感应开关63与多个传动齿轮41一一对应地设置；传动轴20带动传动组件40和感应件61同步移动，感应件61用于与多个感应开关63中的一个感应配合；其中，感应到感应件61的感应开关63向外发送到位信号，以停止向第一腔室211和/或第二腔室212内通入液体或气体，并使传动轴20停止移动。这样，利用感应组件60保证传动轴20移动到位并可靠地停留在需要的位置处，以保证需要的传动齿轮41和输出齿轮51相啮合，进而保证将变速箱切换至预定档位，并通过输出齿轮51实现预定速度的可靠输出。
如图1所示，感应支架62与传动轴20沿传动轴20的径向间隔设置，多个感应开关63沿传动轴20的轴向相间隔地设置在感应支架62上；感应组件60还包括导向柱64，沿传动轴20的径向，导向柱64设置在感应支架62和传动轴20之间，感应件61上设有导向孔611，感应件61通过导向孔611套设在导向柱64上；沿传动轴20的径向，感应件61的第一端与传动轴20连接，感应件61的第二端与感应件61预定距离设置。这样，导向柱64的设置可以保证感应件61平稳移动并避免感应件61相对于箱体10转动而导致感应组件60失效。
如图5和图6所示，变速箱还包括输入齿轮70，输入齿轮70与箱体10连接并相对于箱体10可转动地设置，输入齿轮70和多个传动齿轮41中的一个传动齿轮41保持啮合。多个传动齿轮41相连接以当输入齿轮70驱动与其啮合的一个传动齿轮41转动时，其余的传动齿轮41随其同步转动，从而带动与传动组件40啮合的一个输出齿轮51转动，实现输出。
在具体实施时，变速箱还包括输出轴，多个输出齿轮51均与输出轴连接，以当任意一个输出齿轮51转动时均可以带动该输出轴转动，不同的输出齿轮51带动下输出轴的转速不同，从而实现变速。
如图1至图5所示，箱体10具有相对设置的第一安装孔11和第二安装孔12；变速箱还包括第一密封法兰80、第一密封圈90、第二密封圈100、第二密封法兰110、第三密封圈120和第四密封圈130，第一密封法兰80安装在第一安装孔11处，第一密封法兰80具有滑移孔81，传动轴20的第一端可移动地穿设在滑移孔81处，传动轴20的第二端可移动地穿设在第二安装孔12处，第一密封圈90设置在第一密封法兰80的外周壁和第一安装孔11的孔内壁之间，第二密封圈100设置在传动轴20的外周壁和滑移孔81的孔内壁之间，第二密封法兰110安装在第二安装孔12处并位于第二安装孔12的远离第一安装孔11的开口处；活塞30通过第二密封法兰110与箱体10连接，活塞30位于第二安装孔12处，分隔部31伸入安装腔21内；，第三密封圈120设置在传动轴20的外周壁和第二安装孔12的内周壁之间，第四密封圈130设置在第二密封法兰110的外周壁和第二安装孔12的内周壁之间。通过第一密封法兰80、第一密封圈90、第二密封圈100、第二密封法兰110、第三密封圈120和第四密封圈130等密封件的设置，提升了变速箱的密封性能。
在具体实施时，即使有液压油由安装腔21内泄漏至箱体10、传动轴20和第二密封法兰110围成的腔室内时，第三密封圈120的设置能够阻止液压油朝向箱体10内部进一步地泄漏，第四密封圈130的设置能够阻止液压油朝向箱体10外进一步地泄漏。
如图1和图5所示，活塞30还包括杆部32，杆部32的第一端与第二密封法兰110连接，杆部32的第二端与分隔部31连接；变速箱还包括导向密封套140、第五密封圈150和第六密封圈160，导向密封套140安装在安装腔21内并位于安装腔21的远离第一安装孔11的一端；传动轴20通过导向密封套140套设在杆部32上，第五密封圈150设置在导向密封套140的内周壁和杆部32的外周壁之间，第五密封圈150设置在导向密封套140的外周壁和传动轴20的内周壁之间。这样，导向密封套140、第五密封圈150和第六密封圈160的设置能够进一步地提升第二腔室212的密封性，保证液压油可以可靠地驱动传动轴20移动。
如图1、图3和图4所示，活塞30具有与第一腔室211连通的第一通道301和与第二腔室212连通的第二通道302；第二密封法兰110具有用于与第一通道301连通的第三通道111和用于与第二通道302连通的第四通道112；变速箱还包括两个第七密封圈170，一个第七密封圈170设置在第二密封法兰110上并位于第一通道301和第三通道111的连通处，以保证液压油通过第三通道111和第一通道301进入第一腔室211且不向外泄露；另一个第七密封圈170设置在第二密封法兰110上并位于第二通道302和第四通道112的连通处，以保证液压油通过第四通道112和第二通道302进入第一腔室211且不向外泄露。
如图1和图3所示，变速箱还包括耐磨环180，耐磨环180设置在分隔部31的外周壁和安装腔21的内周壁之间。这样，通过耐磨环180的设置，减小传动轴20和活塞30之间的接触面积，从而提升传动轴20和活塞30的耐磨性，避免在传动轴20相对于活塞30移动的过程中磨损严重。
如图1和图3所示，变速箱还包括第八密封圈190，第八密封圈190设置在分隔部31的外周壁和安装腔21的内周壁之间。这样，第八密封圈190的设置可以进一步地保证第一腔室211和第二腔室212之间彼此独立，从而可以可靠地利用第一腔室211和第二腔室212之间压差驱动传动轴20移动。
在具体实施时，如图1、图2和图5所示，传动轴20上还具有润滑油通道22和与其连通的进油口23，润滑油通道22与安装腔21间隔设置，润滑油通道22还与轴承连通，以向轴承处提供润滑油，避免传动轴20和传动组件40磨损或温度过高。
如图1、图2和图5所示，为了便于润滑油通道22的加工，使其延伸至传动轴20的远离安装腔21的端面，变速箱还包括封堵件250，封堵件250设置在传动轴20上并封堵在润滑油通道22的远离安装腔21的一端，避免润滑油泄漏，进油口23开设在传动轴20的侧壁上。
如图1和图2所示，在具体实施时，导向柱64通过第一密封法兰80与箱体10连接，导向柱64与第一密封法兰80螺纹连接，这样，便于导向柱64的安装。
如图5和图6所示，传动轴20具有第一速度位置和第二速度位置；传动齿轮41为两个，两个传动齿轮41分别为第一传动齿轮401和第二传动齿轮402；第一传动齿轮401的分度圆直径大于第二传动齿轮402的分度圆直径；输出齿轮51为两个，两个输出齿轮51分别为第一输出齿轮501和第二输出齿轮502；第一输出齿轮501的分度圆直径小于第二输出齿轮502的分度圆直径；当传动轴20带动传动组件40移动至第一速度位置时，第一传动齿轮401与第一输出齿轮501啮合；当传动轴20带动传动组件40移动至第二速度位置时，第二传动齿轮402与第二输出齿轮502啮合；沿传动轴20的轴向，第一传动齿轮401包括相连接的齿部403和光轴部404，第二传动齿轮402套设在光轴部404上并与齿部403止挡配合；变速箱还包括第一轴承200和第二轴承210，第一轴承200装配在第一传动齿轮401的第一端，第二轴承210装配在第一传动齿轮401的第二端，第一轴承200套设在传动轴20上并与传动轴20的轴肩止挡配合；第一轴承200和第二轴承210均套设在传动轴20上；第一轴承200与传动轴20的轴肩止挡配合；第一锁紧螺母220，第一锁紧螺母220与传动轴20螺纹连接并压设在第二轴承210上，以阻止第一传动齿轮401相对于传动轴20沿其轴向发生相对移动；定位销230，定位销230用于连接第二传动齿轮402和光轴部404，以阻止第二传动齿轮402和光轴部404发生径向相对窜动；第二锁紧螺母240，第二锁紧螺母240与传动轴20螺纹连接并压设在第二传动齿轮402和定位销230上，以阻止第二传动齿轮402和第一传动齿轮401发生轴向相对窜动。这样，利用定位销230对第一传动齿轮401和第二传动齿轮402进行径向位置固定，利用第一锁紧螺母220和第二锁紧螺母240对第一传动齿轮401和第二传动齿轮402进行轴向位置固定，从而使第一传动齿轮401在输入齿轮70的驱动下可以带动第二传动齿轮402同步转动。
在具体实施时，通过第四通道112和第二通道302向第二腔室212内供油，并通过第一通道301和第三通道111将第一腔室211内的液压油排出，使减速箱处于图5示出的使用状态；通过第二通道302和第四通道112将第二腔室212内的液压油排出，并通过第三通道111和第一通道301向第一腔室211内供油，使减速箱处于图6示出的使用状态。
齿轮的分度圆直径等于模数乘以齿数，传动比等于从动轮齿数与主动轮齿数之比等于主动轮转速比从动轮转速，相互啮合的主动齿轮和从动齿轮的模数相等。假设输入齿轮70的齿数为z 1，转速为n 1；第一传动齿轮401的齿数为z 2，转速为n 2；第二传动齿轮402的齿数为z 3，转速为n 3；第一输出齿轮501的齿数为z 4，转速为n 4；第二输出齿轮502的齿数为z 5，转速为n 5；其中，n 1＝n 2；那么在图5示出的使用状态下，传动比i 1＝n 1/n 4＝z 4/z 1；在图6示出的使用状态下，传动比i 2＝n 1/n 5＝z 2z 5/z 1z 3。本实施例提供了一种具有两个档位的变速箱，可以通过调整各齿轮的分度圆直径来调整传动比。
如图5和图6所示，输入齿轮70和输出组件50相对地设置在传动组件40的两侧，布置合理，传动可靠稳定。
在具体实施时，第一密封法兰80和第二密封法兰110通过螺钉固定在箱体10上，活塞30通过螺钉固定在第二密封法兰110上，导向密封套140通过螺纹与传动轴20连接，感应件61为感应板，感应板通过螺钉与传动轴20连接，感应开关63通过螺母固定在感应支架62上，感应支架62通过螺钉与箱体10连接，输入齿轮70、传动组件40和输出组件50均位于箱体10内，感应组件60设置在箱体10外，以便于与控制系统电连接。当控制系统发出换挡指令时，通过第二密封法兰110上的第三通道111或第四通道112进油，从而完成换挡动作。
本申请还提供了一种龙门加工中心，包括变速箱，变速箱为上述的变速箱。由于本申请提供的变速箱具有结构简单、加工装配简单、占用空间小和运行可靠等优点，使得本申请提供的龙门加工中心也具有结构简单、加工装配简单、占用空间小和运行可靠等优点。
可选地，本申请提供的变速箱为减速箱。
本申请提供的变速箱与传统的减速箱采用拨叉控制齿轮的移动的技术方案相比，具有结构简单，占用空间小，加工装配难度小，加工装配工艺性好的优点。
本申请提供的变速箱采用油缸式传动轴20实现了传动齿轮41的脱开及啮合，传动齿轮41通过轴承安装在传动轴20上，传动轴20的上下移动及传动齿轮41的回转运动互不影响，同时采用感应开关63实现传动齿轮41的到位检测，可以实现在较小的空间内的齿轮变速。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。同时，应当明白，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在 下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，方位词如“前、后、上、下、左、右”、“横向、竖向、垂直、水平”和“顶、底”等所指示的方位或位置关系通常是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，在未作相反说明的情况下，这些方位词并不指示和暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制；方位词“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内外。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
需要说明的是，本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施方式能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种变速箱，其特征在于，包括：
    箱体(10)；
    传动轴(20)，所述传动轴(20)沿其轴向可移动地设置在所述箱体(10)上，所述传动轴(20)具有安装腔(21)；
    活塞(30)，所述活塞(30)与所述箱体(10)连接，所述活塞(30)包括分隔部(31)，所述分隔部(31)设置在所述安装腔(21)内并将所述安装腔(21)分隔为第一腔室(211)和第二腔室(212)；
    传动组件(40)，所述传动组件(40)与所述传动轴(20)连接并相对于所述传动轴(20)可转动地设置，所述传动组件(40)包括多个传动齿轮(41)；
    输出组件(50)，所述输出组件(50)与所述箱体(10)连接并相对于所述箱体(10)可转动地设置；所述输出组件(50)包括多个输出齿轮(51)，多个所述输出齿轮(51)与多个所述传动齿轮(41)一一对应地配合，以通过向所述第一腔室(211)或者所述第二腔室(212)内通入流体，使所述传动轴(20)带动所述传动组件(40)相对于所述活塞(30)和所述箱体(10)移动，并选择多个所述传动齿轮(41)中的一个所述传动齿轮(41)和与其对应的一个所述输出齿轮(51)相啮合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述变速箱还包括感应组件(60)，所述感应组件(60)包括：
    感应件(61)，所述感应件(61)设置在所述传动轴(20)上；
    感应支架(62)，所述感应支架(62)设置在所述箱体(10)上；
    感应开关(63)，多个所述感应开关(63)相间隔地设置在所述感应支架(62)上，多个所述感应开关(63)与多个所述传动齿轮(41)一一对应地设置；所述传动轴(20)带动所述传动组件(40)和所述感应件(61)同步移动，所述感应件(61)用于与多个所述感应开关(63)中的一个感应配合；其中，感应到所述感应件(61)的感应开关(63)向外发送到位信号，以停止向所述第一腔室(211)或者所述第二腔室(212)内通入液体或气体，并使所述传动轴(20)停止移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述感应支架(62)与所述传动轴(20)沿所述传动轴(20)的径向间隔设置，多个所述感应开关(63)沿所述传动轴(20)的轴向相间隔地设置在所述感应支架(62)上；所述感应组件(60)还包括：
    导向柱(64)，沿所述传动轴(20)的径向，所述导向柱(64)设置在所述感应支架(62)和所述传动轴(20)之间，所述感应件(61)上设有导向孔(611)，所述感应件(61)通过所述导向孔(611)套设在所述导向柱(64)上；沿所述传动轴(20)的径向，所述感应件(61)的第一端与所述传动轴(20)连接，所述感应件(61)的第二端与所述感应件(61)间隔预定距离。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述变速箱还包括输入齿轮(70)，所述输入齿轮(70)与所述箱体(10)连接并相对于所述箱体(10)可转动地设置，所述输入齿轮(70)和多个所述传动齿轮(41)中的一个所述传动齿轮(41)保持啮合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述箱体(10)具有相对设置的第一安装孔(11)和第二安装孔(12)；所述变速箱还包括：
    第一密封法兰(80)，所述第一密封法兰(80)安装在所述第一安装孔(11)处，所述第一密封法兰(80)具有滑移孔(81)，所述传动轴(20)的第一端可移动地穿设在所述滑移孔(81)处，所述传动轴(20)的第二端可移动地穿设在所述第二安装孔(12)处。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述变速箱还包括：
    第一密封圈(90)，所述第一密封圈(90)设置在所述第一密封法兰(80)的外周壁和所述第一安装孔(11)的孔内壁之间；
    第二密封圈(100)，所述第二密封圈(100)设置在所述传动轴(20)的外周壁和所述滑移孔(81)的孔内壁之间。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述变速箱还包括：
    第二密封法兰(110)，所述第二密封法兰(110)安装在所述第二安装孔(12)处并位于所述第二安装孔(12)的远离所述第一安装孔(11)的开口处；所述活塞(30)通过所述第二密封法兰(110)与所述箱体(10)连接，所述活塞(30)位于所述第二安装孔(12)处，所述分隔部(31)伸入所述安装腔(21)内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述变速箱还包括：
    第三密封圈(120)，所述第三密封圈(120)设置在所述传动轴(20)的外周壁和所述第二安装孔(12)的内周壁之间；
    第四密封圈(130)，所述第四密封圈(130)设置在所述第二密封法兰(110)的外周壁和所述第二安装孔(12)的内周壁之间。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述活塞(30)还包括杆部(32)，所述杆部(32)的第一端与所述第二密封法兰(110)连接，所述杆部(32)的第二端与所述分隔部(31)连接；所述变速箱还包括：
    导向密封套(140)，所述导向密封套(140)安装在所述安装腔(21)内并位于所述安装腔(21)的远离所述第一安装孔(11)的一端；所述传动轴(20)通过所述导向密封套(140)套设在所述杆部(32)上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述变速箱还包括：
    第五密封圈(150)，所述第五密封圈(150)设置在所述导向密封套(140)的内周 壁和所述杆部(32)的外周壁之间；
    第六密封圈(160)，所述第五密封圈(150)设置在所述导向密封套(140)的外周壁和所述传动轴(20)的内周壁之间。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的变速箱，其特征在于，
    所述活塞(30)具有与所述第一腔室(211)连通的第一通道(301)和与所述第二腔室(212)连通的第二通道(302)；
    所述第二密封法兰(110)具有用于与所述第一通道(301)连通的第三通道(111)和用于与所述第二通道(302)连通的第四通道(112)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的变速箱，其特征在于，
    所述变速箱还包括两个第七密封圈(170)，一个所述第七密封圈(170)设置在所述第二密封法兰(110)上并位于所述第一通道(301)和所述第三通道(111)的连通处，另一个所述第七密封圈(170)设置在所述第二密封法兰(110)上并位于所述第二通道(302)和所述第四通道(112)的连通处。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述变速箱还包括：
    耐磨环(180)，所述耐磨环(180)设置在所述分隔部(31)的外周壁和所述安装腔(21)的内周壁之间。
  14. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述变速箱还包括：
    第八密封圈(190)，所述第八密封圈(190)设置在所述分隔部(31)的外周壁和所述安装腔(21)的内周壁之间。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的变速箱，其特征在于，
    所述传动轴(20)具有第一速度位置和第二速度位置；所述传动齿轮(41)为两个，两个所述传动齿轮(41)分别为第一传动齿轮(401)和第二传动齿轮(402)；所述第一传动齿轮(401)的分度圆直径大于所述第二传动齿轮(402)的分度圆直径；所述输出齿轮(51)为两个，两个所述输出齿轮(51)分别为第一输出齿轮(501)和第二输出齿轮(502)；所述第一输出齿轮(501)的分度圆直径小于所述第二输出齿轮(502)的分度圆直径；
    当所述传动轴(20)带动所述传动组件(40)移动至所述第一速度位置时，所述第一传动齿轮(401)与所述第一输出齿轮(501)啮合；当所述传动轴(20)带动所述传动组件(40)移动至所述第二速度位置时，所述第二传动齿轮(402)与所述第二输出齿轮(502)啮合；
    沿所述传动轴(20)的轴向，所述第一传动齿轮(401)包括相连接的齿部(403)和光轴部(404)，所述第二传动齿轮(402)套设在所述光轴部(404)上并与所述齿部 (403)止挡配合。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的变速箱，其特征在于，所述变速箱还包括：
    第一轴承(200)和第二轴承(210)，所述第一轴承(200)装配在所述第一传动齿轮(401)的第一端，所述第二轴承(210)装配在所述第一传动齿轮(401)的第二端，所述第一轴承(200)套设在所述传动轴(20)上并与所述传动轴(20)的轴肩止挡配合；所述第一轴承(200)和所述第二轴承(210)均套设在所述传动轴(20)上；所述第一轴承(200)与所述传动轴(20)的轴肩止挡配合；
    第一锁紧螺母(220)，所述第一锁紧螺母(220)与所述传动轴(20)螺纹连接并压设在所述第二轴承(210)上，以阻止所述第一传动齿轮(401)相对于所述传动轴(20)沿其轴向发生相对移动；
    定位销(230)，所述定位销(230)用于连接所述第二传动齿轮(402)和所述光轴部(404)，以阻止所述第二传动齿轮(402)和所述光轴部(404)发生径向相对窜动；
    第二锁紧螺母(240)，所述第二锁紧螺母(240)与所述传动轴(20)螺纹连接并压设在所述第二传动齿轮(402)和所述定位销(230)上，以阻止所述第二传动齿轮(402)和所述第一传动齿轮(401)发生轴向相对窜动。
  17. 一种龙门加工中心，包括变速箱，其特征在于，所述变速箱为权利要求1至16中任一项所述的变速箱。
PCT/CN2020/110873 2019-11-13 2020-08-24 变速箱和龙门加工中心 WO2021093402A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911108256.3 2019-11-13
CN201911108256.3A CN110735890A (zh) 2019-11-13 2019-11-13 变速箱和龙门加工中心

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021093402A1 true WO2021093402A1 (zh) 2021-05-20

Family

ID=69272837

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2020/110873 WO2021093402A1 (zh) 2019-11-13 2020-08-24 变速箱和龙门加工中心

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN110735890A (zh)
WO (1) WO2021093402A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110735890A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-31 珠海格力智能装备有限公司 变速箱和龙门加工中心

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1127544A (zh) * 1993-07-17 1996-07-24 先进传动工程股份有限公司 车辆换挡机构
CN102490062A (zh) * 2011-11-16 2012-06-13 芜湖恒升重型机床股份有限公司 一种机床变速箱传动装置
CN107314106A (zh) * 2017-06-12 2017-11-03 南通国盛智能科技集团股份有限公司 一种齿轮箱换挡机构
DE102017221827A1 (de) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-06 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Betätigungsvorrichtung für ein Schaltelement
CN110735890A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-31 珠海格力智能装备有限公司 变速箱和龙门加工中心
CN211145250U (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-07-31 珠海格力智能装备有限公司 变速箱和龙门加工中心

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1127544A (zh) * 1993-07-17 1996-07-24 先进传动工程股份有限公司 车辆换挡机构
CN102490062A (zh) * 2011-11-16 2012-06-13 芜湖恒升重型机床股份有限公司 一种机床变速箱传动装置
CN107314106A (zh) * 2017-06-12 2017-11-03 南通国盛智能科技集团股份有限公司 一种齿轮箱换挡机构
DE102017221827A1 (de) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-06 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Betätigungsvorrichtung für ein Schaltelement
CN110735890A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-31 珠海格力智能装备有限公司 变速箱和龙门加工中心
CN211145250U (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-07-31 珠海格力智能装备有限公司 变速箱和龙门加工中心

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110735890A (zh) 2020-01-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2011356506B2 (en) Hard seal plug valve
CN101696721B (zh) 斜盘导杆转动式无级变速器
US20200182373A1 (en) Executive system for driving a valve to open and close
CN105134071B (zh) 一种连续管钻井电液控定向装置
CN105526278B (zh) 双活塞致动器
US11781537B2 (en) Radial piston hydraulic device distributed by pilot operated check valves
WO2021093402A1 (zh) 变速箱和龙门加工中心
US20230235757A1 (en) Radial piston hydraulic device distributing flow by pilot operated check valves and operating method thereof
US10190682B2 (en) Actuator provided with a gear box, position indicator for a gear box, and related methods
CN110195729B (zh) 一种阀芯内置式数字流体缸
CN101586523A (zh) 非圆行星齿轮液压马达
US10087832B2 (en) Double-crankshaft variable compression ratio engine
CN211145250U (zh) 变速箱和龙门加工中心
CN109780268A (zh) 一种可切换测压点旋转阀
CN110332171B (zh) 一种双速阀及双速液压系统
CN209129526U (zh) 岩心钻机动力头液压换挡结构及动力头
CN103759043B (zh) 一种转阀
US3405573A (en) Variable speed mechanical hydraulic transmission mechanism especially suitable for heavy vehicles
CN102011530A (zh) 液压旋转装置
CN103925343A (zh) 螺纹套接离合变速器
WO2017084433A1 (zh) 一种径向柱塞式汽车四驱系统
CN203796869U (zh) 一种变速装置
US3159058A (en) Stationary hydraulic transmission
CN206929151U (zh) 一种液压转阀
CN203784214U (zh) 螺纹套接离合变速装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 20888180

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 14/10/2022)

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 20888180

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1