WO2021091275A1

WO2021091275A1 - Structure of viewing angle-variable control film and manufacturing method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2021091275A1
Application number: PCT/KR2020/015442
Authority: WO
Inventors: 김철암; 이동진; 송진석
Original assignee: 엔스펙트라 주식회사
Priority date: 2019-11-08
Filing date: 2020-11-06
Publication date: 2021-05-14
Also published as: KR102195661B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a viewing angle-variable control film and a manufacturing method therefor, the viewing angle-variable control film comprising: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate; and a transmission area and a viewing angle-variable area formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, the transmission area allowing all light emitted from a display part to transmit therethrough, and the viewing angle-variable area blocking light, wherein the viewing angle-variable area includes an ink in which particles absorbing light and having electric charges have been dispersed in a transparent fluid.

Description

Structure of variable viewing angle control film and manufacturing method thereof

The present invention relates to a structure and a control method of an adjustment film capable of subdividing a viewing angle adjustment width or widening a displayed viewing angle in a viewing angle variable adjustment film using electrophoresis technology, and a manufacturing method thereof.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing an adjustment film for limiting a fixed viewing angle used in a conventional display.

The most important keyword in the knowledge and information society is information control, and the use of control films is increasing recently as a means to prevent information leakage on the display of terminals processing information to protect personal and institutional information. The control film is a product that is attached to the display to block the gaze of others other than the user, and can be used in various ways such as bank teller machines, PCs, laptops, tablet PCs, and smartphones that require personal information protection. In particular, in recent years, due to the proliferation of portable terminals such as smartphones and tablet PCs and the development of related technologies, a control film capable of selecting and controlling information control and sharing according to the user's usage environment and the apps and contents to be applied. Is being demanded.

However, referring to FIG. 1, conventional control films that use a fixed viewing angle that can block an external gaze cannot perform a function of selecting and controlling information control and sharing.

2A and 2B are cross-sectional views illustrating an adjustment film for limiting an active viewing angle used in a conventional display.

2A and 2B, two

backlights

202 and 203 are used in the display terminal 200, and a specific pattern is applied to the control film 201 to actively adjust the diffraction and dispersion of transmitted light. The viewing angle control method can turn ON/OFF the fixed viewing angle limit range depending on the usage environment, but it is difficult to subdivide the viewing angle range, increase the manufacturing cost of the terminal, and the visibility generated in the pattern to control the diffraction angle of transmitted light. It has a disadvantage in that it may cause problems such as a decrease and an increase in power consumption.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is, in a viewing angle adjustment film using electrophoresis technology, the viewing angle can be subdivided and limited or widened according to the intensity and direction of the applied voltage, compared to the prior art, and transmittance, visibility, and wide viewing angle It is to provide a structure of a film capable of improving or improving characteristics such as a limited range and power consumption, a control method thereof, and a manufacturing method thereof.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

The viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate, a lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate, and between the upper and lower substrates. And a transmission region that transmits all light emitted from the display unit and a variable viewing angle region that blocks light, and the variable viewing angle region includes ink in which particles absorbing light and having electric charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid. Can include.

The transmissive region is an empty space or formed of a transparent material so that light can be transmitted, and the variable viewing angle region includes: a) when the transmissive region is formed of a transparent material, the transparent space between the transmissive regions is Charged particles are formed by filling the ink dispersed in a transparent fluid.b) When the transmission region is an empty space, the charged particles fill and seal the ink dispersed in the transparent fluid in an isolation space made of a partition wall. It can be formed in a shape.

When the particles having a charge dispersed in the transparent fluid are entirely dispersed in the viewing angle variable region, all the particles absorb and block all the light incident to the viewing angle variable region, and transmit only light having straightness passing through the transmission region. The viewing angle range from the side can be narrowed.

As the particles having electric charges dispersed in the transparent fluid move in the direction of the lower electrode within the viewing angle variable region, the light emitted from the display unit is scattered or diffused when passing through the transmission region, and light incident on the viewing angle variable region is removed. Through transmission, the range of the viewing angle viewed from the side can be widened.

An area occupied by the transmission area as a whole of the viewing angle control film is larger than an area occupied by the viewing angle variable area, and the pattern of the viewing angle variable area may be formed in a straight line, a rectangle, a square shape, or a honeycomb shape.

The transmissive region may include particles made of a transparent material such as a transparent binder, resin, or photoresist, and a material capable of scattering or diffusing light.

The transmissive region may be formed by mixing a UV blocking material with a transparent material such as a transmissive binder, resin, or photoresist, or by mixing particles made of a material capable of scattering or diffusing light and a UV blocking material together.

In the transparent fluid, bistableness may be improved by mixing the charged particles with the same charged particles as the charged particles or by mixing the transparent resistor particles having no charge.

Further comprising a sealing layer formed in a region in contact with the upper electrode and the variable viewing angle region or in a region in contact with the lower electrode and the variable viewing angle region, and a conductive adhesive layer for attaching the sealing layer to the upper substrate or the lower substrate. I can.

The viewing angle variable region and the entire area in contact with the transmissive region further include a sealing layer formed in a region in contact with the upper electrode or the lower electrode, and a conductive adhesive layer for attaching the sealing layer to the upper substrate or the lower substrate. I can.

A sealing layer formed in a region in which the viewing angle variable region and the transparent region are in contact with the upper electrode or the lower electrode may simultaneously serve as a conductive adhesive layer for attaching to the upper or lower substrate.

An optically transparent first adhesive layer for attaching the display to the display may be formed under the lower substrate.

A separate first release film or a first protective film may be formed under the optically transparent first adhesive layer.

In order to attach the touch screen or the barrier film, an optically transparent second adhesive layer may be formed on the upper substrate as well.

A separate second release film or a second protective film may be formed to attach a touch screen or a barrier film on the optically transparent second adhesive layer formed on the upper substrate.

The viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate, a lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate, and between the upper and lower substrates. And a transmission region that transmits all light emitted from the display unit and a variable viewing angle region that blocks light, and the variable viewing angle region includes ink in which particles absorbing light and having electric charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid. And one of the upper electrode and the lower electrode may be patterned only in a variable viewing angle region.

The viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate, a lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate, and between the upper and lower substrates. And a transmission region that transmits all light emitted from the display unit and a variable viewing angle region that blocks light, and the variable viewing angle region includes ink in which particles absorbing light and having electric charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid. In addition, since one of the upper electrode or the lower electrode is patterned only in a predetermined region, a respective driving voltage is applied or blocked for each patterned electrode, so that the viewing angle for each region may be adjusted.

The viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate, a lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate, and between the upper and lower substrates. And a transmission region that transmits all light emitted from the display unit and a variable viewing angle region that blocks light, and the variable viewing angle region includes ink in which particles absorbing light and having electric charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid. In addition, since one of the upper electrode or the lower electrode is patterned with two or more electrodes within each viewing angle variable region, a viewing angle adjustment range may be extended, and a viewing angle may be adjusted for each region.

A method of manufacturing a variable viewing angle control film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes forming an upper electrode on one surface of an upper substrate, forming a lower electrode on one surface of a lower substrate, and a display between the upper and lower substrates. Including the step of forming a transmission region that transmits all light emitted from the display unit and a viewing angle variable region that blocks light, wherein the viewing angle variable region includes ink in which particles absorbing light and having electric charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid. can do.

The structure and control method of the viewing angle variable control film according to the present invention, and the method of manufacturing the same, can actively narrow or widen the viewing angle by adjusting the direction of the applied voltage, the size of the pulse, the width of the pulse, the repetition period, and the frequency. In addition, it has the advantage of subdividing the viewing angle by the difference in the transparent space generated as particles move from the top to the bottom electrode.

The structure and control method of the viewing angle variable control film according to the present invention, and the method of manufacturing the same, have the advantage of being able to be grafted to various apps or contents since the viewing angle can be selectively narrowed or widened only in a specific area.

The structure and control method of the viewing angle variable control film according to the present invention, and the method of manufacturing the same, have bistableness that maintains the final position even when the particles block voltage and do not require an additional backlight, compared to the prior art. , It has the advantage of reducing power consumption.

The structure and control method of the viewing angle variable control film according to the present invention, and the method of manufacturing the same, have the advantage of improving transmittance and visibility compared to the prior art, as a geometric pattern for adjusting the diffraction angle of light is not required.

The structure and control method of the viewing angle variable control film according to the present invention, and the method of manufacturing the same, compared to the prior art, are manufactured in the case of a capsule form when the viewing angle variable control film is manufactured, because the manufacturing process is simple and a separate sealing layer is not required It has the effect of reducing cost.

The viewing angle variable control film according to the present invention has the effect of widening the viewing angle viewed from the side by using scattering or diffusing material particles in the transmission region.

Viewing angle variable control film according to the present invention, by mixing a UV blocking material in the transmissive region or a scattering material or a diffusion material and a UV blocking material together to prevent or weaken the discoloration of the film due to UV exposure for a long time to improve the lifespan It has an effect that can be made.

The effects according to the present invention are not limited by the contents exemplified above, and more various effects are included in the present invention.

3a, b, c, and d are cross-sectional views showing the structure of a viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4A and 4B are cross-sectional views illustrating a method of adjusting a viewing angle in a viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5A, b, c, and d are plan views illustrating a pattern structure of a transmission region and a variable viewing angle region according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

6a, b, c, and d are cross-sectional views showing the structure of a viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7A is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of light scattering of a light scattering material 711 of a variable viewing angle control film for widening a viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7B is a cross-sectional view of a viewing angle variable control film for increasing a viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

8a, b, and c are cross-sectional views of a viewing angle variable control film for adjusting a viewing angle only in a selective area in an area in which information or an image is displayed, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a cross-sectional view of a viewing angle variable control film for adjusting a moving speed of particles and improving bistableness according to an embodiment of the present invention.

10a, b, and c are cross-sectional views of a viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention.

11a, b, c, and d are cross-sectional views of a viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention.

12a, b, c, and d are cross-sectional views of a microcapsule-type viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention.

13A and 13B are optical micrographs of a microcapsule-type viewing angle variable control film prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention, and are photographs observed at 850 times magnification using an ICAMSCOPE PRO optical microscope of Sometech Vision.

14a, b, c, d, and e are cross-sectional views of a microcapsule-type viewing angle variable control film according to an embodiment of the present invention.

15 is a cross-sectional view of a microcapsule-type viewing angle variable control film for widening a viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Since the present invention can apply various transformations and have various embodiments, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in detail in the detailed description. Effects and features of the present invention, and a method of achieving them will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail together with the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and may be implemented in various forms.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and when describing with reference to the drawings, the same or corresponding constituent elements are assigned the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. .

In the following embodiments, terms such as first and second are used for the purpose of distinguishing one constituent element from other constituent elements rather than a limiting meaning. In addition, in the following embodiments, expressions in the singular include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

In the following embodiments, terms such as include or have means that the features or elements described in the specification are present, and do not preclude the possibility of adding one or more other features or components in advance.

3a, b, c, d and 4a, b, the present invention is a viewing angle variable control film using the principle of electrophoresis, showing a typical structure of the control film and the principle and method of adjusting the viewing angle.

3A, b, c, and d, the viewing angle adjustment film includes a transmission area 302 through which all light emitted from the display unit 300 can be transmitted for information display, and a variable viewing angle area capable of blocking light ( It is divided into 303, and the transmissive region 302 and the variable viewing angle region 303 have a structure positioned between the two transparent electrodes 306 and 307. In this case, the transmission region 302 is formed of an empty space or a transparent material so that light can be transmitted. The variable viewing angle region 303 is formed in a form in which particles 308 that absorb light and exhibit electric charges are filled with ink dispersed in a transparent fluid 309 and sealed, and at this time, the transmissive region 302 may be formed of a transparent material. In this case, an empty space is placed between the transmissive areas to fill the ink in which particles are dispersed, or when the transmissive area is composed of an empty space, a separate isolation space is provided with a partition wall 310 to fill and seal the ink.

When light emitted from the display unit 300 passes through the transmission region 302 of the viewing angle adjustment film 301 for information display or image realization, the light is scattered or diffused to the side of the viewing angle variable region 303 In this case, if the particles 308 dispersed in the transparent fluid 309 are entirely dispersed within the variable viewing angle region 303, the light incident on the variable viewing angle region 303 as shown in FIG. 4A All the particles 308 to be heard are absorbed and blocked, and only light having a straightness passing through the transmission region 303 is transmitted, so that the viewing angle range viewed from the side is narrowed as shown in FIG. 3A.

When the light emitted from the display unit 400 passes through the transmission region 402 of the viewing angle adjustment film 401, when all the particles 408 of the viewing angle variable region 403 move to the lower electrode 406, FIG. As shown, the more the particles are scattered or diffused and incident on the viewing angle variable region 403 is transmitted and the particles move in the direction of the lower electrode as shown in Figs. 3b, c and d, Fig. 3d -> 3c -> 3b, side surface The range of viewing angles seen from is widened.

5A, b, c, and d, when the viewing angle variable control film is viewed from the front, it is a pattern form of a transmission area and a variable viewing angle area, and the area occupied by the transmission area 502 as a whole is occupied by the viewing angle variable area 503. It is wider than the area, and the pattern of the viewing angle variable area 503 can be designed and manufactured in a straight line (Fig. 5a), a rectangle (Fig. 5b), a square (Fig. 5c), a honeycomb (Fig. 5d), etc., and the display The display unit may be designed and manufactured in a shape similar to or identical to that of a unit cell or a subcell, and a black matrix (BM).

6a, b, c, and d, as a driving method for subdividing and adjusting the viewing angle by applying the technology of the present invention, particles 608 having electric charges are The direction or speed at which the particles move varies depending on the intensity and the like.

Referring to FIG. 6A, using this feature, under the assumption that the particles 608 have negative signs, the intensity of the voltage in the viewing angle variable region 603 filled with the particles 608 dispersed in the transparent fluid 609 The positive sign threshold voltage (V1) at which the particles start to move is applied to the lower electrode 606 for a certain time (t3), or the particles 608 are transferred from the upper electrode 607 to the lower electrode 606. A positive driving voltage (V3) is applied with the strength of the voltage that can move all, but by adjusting the pulse width, the time required for the particles 608 to move from the upper electrode 607 to the lower electrode 606 is less than the time required. When a voltage is applied for a short period of time t1, the particles start to move to the lower electrode 606, and in the direction of the upper electrode 607, the particles 608 move and only the transparent fluid 609 is left. The scattered light is transmitted through the space, and the viewing angle from the side begins to widen.

Referring to FIG. 6B, when V2, which is a voltage greater than the strength of V1, is applied for a time t3 or a voltage is applied for a time t2, which is longer than the time t1, with the strength of the voltage of V3, the driving voltage, the particles 608 are By moving to the lower electrode 606, the particles 608 move in the direction of the upper electrode 607, and the space where only the transparent fluid 609 remains is further expanded, so that the viewing angle from the side is wider.

Referring to FIG. 6C, when the driving voltage V3 is applied during a time (t3) during which all particles can move from the upper electrode 607 to the lower electrode 606, all the particles 608 are positioned as the lower electrode 606 and are located at the side surface. The viewing angle that can be seen from is widened to the maximum. If the intensity of the applied voltage (pulse size) and the application time (pulse width) are further subdivided, the viewing angle viewed from the side can also be subdivided.

6D, when the driving voltage of V3 is repeatedly applied across the upper electrode 607 and the lower electrode 606 with a pulse width shorter than t3 (ie, frequency), the particles 608 are formed in the upper electrode 607. To the lower electrode 606, and may have an effect of dispersing the particles 608 in the variable viewing angle region 603 electrically. At this time, the electrical dispersion state of the particles varies according to the applied frequency, and all light scattered by the particles 608 electrically dispersed in the viewing angle variable region 603 is absorbed, so that the viewing angle viewed from the side is narrowed to a maximum value.

7A and 7B, after coating particles 711 made of a material capable of scattering or diffusing light in a transparent material such as a transparent or transparent binder, resin, photoresist, etc. in the transmission region 702 When the transmission region 702 is formed by drying or curing, light emitted from the display and incident light may be scattered or diffused by the scattering or diffusing material particles 711, thereby increasing a viewing angle viewed from the side. In addition, if the transmissive area 702 is formed by mixing a UV-blocking material instead of a material that scatters or diffuses light, or by mixing a scattering material or a diffusion material and a UV-blocking material together, discoloration of the film due to UV exposure for a long time is prevented or weakened. So that the lifespan can be improved.

8a, b, and c, as a structure of a viewing angle variable control film for blocking or widening the view of the side only in a specific area in the area where information or image is displayed, one of the upper electrode 807 or the lower electrode 806 As shown in Fig. 8A, the electrodes are matched one-to-one with the variable viewing angle region for patterning, or, as shown in Fig. 8B, one electrode of the upper electrode 807 or the lower electrode 806 is used as the viewing angle variable region and the transmission region. When the electrodes are patterned for each region including the patterned electrodes 806, respective driving voltages can be applied or blocked, so that the viewing angle for each region can be adjusted.

As shown in FIG. 8C, if one of the upper electrode 807 or the lower electrode 806 is patterned in two or more within each viewing angle variable region 803, the viewing angle can be adjusted for each region as well as the viewing angle. The range can also be expanded.

Referring to FIG. 9, the transparent fluid 909 is mixed and dispersed with particles 908 that have a charge and transparent particles 912 that have the same charge as the particles or do not have a specific charge. The transparent material particles 912 act as resistors to reduce the moving speed of the particles 908, so that the range of the viewing angle is widened by adjusting the moving speed of the particles 908, or the particles 908 are caused by inertia immediately after the voltage is cut off. It is possible to improve the bistableness of stably maintaining the state in which the particles 908 are finally located even after further movement is suppressed or the voltage is cut off.

Referring to FIG. 10A, in order to seal while filling the particles 1008 dispersed in the transparent fluid 1009 in the variable viewing angle region 1003, the region where the upper electrode 1007 and the variable viewing angle 1003 are in contact with the lower electrode. A sealing layer 1013 may be formed in a region where 1006 and the variable viewing angle region 1003 contact each other. After filling the particles 1008 dispersed in the transparent fluid 1009 into the variable viewing angle region 1003 and sealing with a sealing layer 1013, a separate conductive adhesive layer 1014 is applied to adhere to the upper substrate 1005 to the lower substrate 1004. ) May be formed in contact with the area where the sealing layer 1013 is exposed.

Referring to FIG. 10B, the structure is the same as that of FIG. 10A, but the sealing layer 1013 may be formed over the entire area in contact with the transmission area 1002 and the variable viewing angle area 1003.

Referring to FIG. 10C, after filling the particles 1008 dispersed in the transparent fluid 1009 into the variable viewing angle region 1003, not only sealing, but also acting as a conductive adhesive layer for attaching to the upper substrate 1005 to the lower substrate 1004. It may take a structure in which the sealing layer 1013 itself performs.

Referring to FIG. 11A, as a method of attaching the viewing angle adjustment film 1101 to the display display unit 1100, a transparent adhesive film such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA) under the viewing angle adjustment film 1101 The first adhesive layer 1115 may be formed, and as shown in FIG. 11B, before attaching to the display unit 1100, a separate first release film or a first protective film 1116 is used to prevent the inflow of contaminants from the outside. ) Can be attached.

In addition, referring to FIG. 11C, as a method of attaching a touch screen 1117 or a barrier film to the upper portion of the viewing angle adjustment film 1101, as well as the display display unit 1100, on the upper portion of the viewing angle adjustment film 1101 A transparent second adhesive layer 1119 such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA) may be formed, and as shown in FIG. 11D, contaminants, etc. from the outside before attaching to the touch screen 1117 or the barrier film. A separate second release film or a second protective film 1120 may be attached to prevent the inflow.

12A, b, c, and d, a transparent fluid 1209 in which particles 1208 are dispersed may be converted into microcapsules 1218 to form a variable viewing angle region 1203. That is, the variable viewing angle region 1203 is a region of the microcapsule 1218 including ink in which particles that absorb light and exhibit electric charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid. The variable viewing angle region 1203 may be formed after curing or drying by coating only on a selected region forming the variable viewing angle region 1203 using a screen printing process by mixing a transparent binder material with the microcapsules 1218.

At this time, the particles 1208 and the fluid 1209 do not leak to the outside because the microcapsule 1218 itself serves as a sealing layer, and the microcapsules 1218 coated on the viewing angle variable region 1203 are single as shown in FIG. 12A. Coated with layered microcapsules 1218, or

As shown in FIG. 12B, when the electrode 1206 is patterned for each predetermined region including the variable viewing angle region 1203 and the transmission region 1203, each driving voltage is applied to each patterned electrode 1206, or It can be blocked, so it is possible to adjust the viewing angle for each area.

As shown in FIG. 12C, a single layer of microcapsules 1218 is coated, but two microcapsules 1218 are formed in each viewing angle variable region 1203, and a lower electrode 1206 selectively in the viewing angle variable region 1203 Can be formed.

In order to attach to the upper substrate 1005 to the lower substrate 1004, a separate conductive adhesive layer 1014 may be formed in contact with a region where the sealing layer 1013 is exposed.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 12D, the microcapsules 1218 may be coated with a plurality of layers between the upper electrode 1207 and the lower electrode 1206.

12A, b, c, and d, the transmissive region 1202 may be formed of an empty space or a transparent material so that light may be transmitted.

실시예 1Example 1

13A, white electrophoretic nanoparticles having a charge were dispersed in a transparent fluid and then microencapsulated. The prepared microcapsules were mixed with a binder and coated on the surface of the conductive material of the first ITO film, followed by drying to form a microcapsule layer. A conductive adhesive layer was attached to the prepared microcapsule layer, and a second ITO film was laminated with the conductive adhesive layer to prepare a viewing angle variable control film.

When an electric field is applied to the prepared microcapsule-type viewing angle variable control film, white electrophoretic nanoparticles carrying electric charges to the upper electrode move, and as a result of incidence of light from the outside, the microcapsule layer is white electrophoretic particles. It can be seen that the light is reflected by and represents white, and the other empty spaces are transmitted through the light to represent a dark image.

실시예 2Example 2

Referring to FIG. 13B, white electrophoretic nanoparticles having a charge were dispersed in a transparent fluid and then microencapsulated. The prepared microcapsules were mixed with a binder and coated on the first ITO film. The coating process was performed so that the microcapsule layers were long coated with a width of less than about 22 um using a mask exposed to a width of 25 um. After drying the coated microcapsule layer, a conductive adhesive layer was attached, and a second ITO film was laminated with the conductive adhesive layer to prepare a viewing angle variable control film. At this time, areas other than the microcapsule layer were formed as empty spaces.

When an electric field is applied to the prepared microcapsule-type viewing angle variable control film, white electrophoretic nanoparticles carrying electric charges to the upper electrode move, and as a result of incidence of light from the outside, the microcapsule layer is white electrophoretic particles. It can be seen that the light is reflected by and represents white, and the other empty spaces are transmitted through the light to represent a dark image. It can be seen that the empty spaces other than that are transmitted through the light to represent a dark image. Here, the empty space is a region through which light of the light emitting display is transmitted, and instead of white electrophoretic particles that scatter or reflect light, black electrophoretic particles that absorb all light may be applied.

14A, b, c, d, and e, a transparent fluid 1409 in which particles 1408 are dispersed may be converted into microcapsules 1418 to form a variable viewing angle region 1403. The variable viewing angle region 1403 may be formed after curing or drying by coating only a selected region forming the variable viewing angle region 1403 by mixing a transparent binder material with the microcapsules 1218 and using a screen printing process or the like.

At this time, the particles 1408 and the fluid 1409 do not leak to the outside because the microcapsules 1418 themselves act as a sealing layer, and as shown in FIG. 14A, the microcapsules 1418 coated on the viewing angle variable region 1403 In order to attach them to the lower substrate 1404, a separate conductive adhesive layer 1414 may be formed in contact with the lower portion of the microcapsule 1418.

Or, as shown in FIG. 14B, a separate first release film or first protection to prevent the inflow of contaminants, etc. from the outside before attaching various application elements or parts such as a touch screen or a barrier film, under the conductive adhesive layer 1414 A film 1416 may be attached.

Or, as shown in FIG. 14C, as a method of attaching a touch screen or a barrier film on the upper portion of the viewing angle adjustment film 1401, an optically transparent adhesive film (Optically Clear) on the upper substrate 1405 of the viewing angle adjustment film 1401 A transparent second adhesive layer 1419 such as adhesive, OCA) may be formed, and a separate second release film or a second protective film to prevent the inflow of contaminants, etc. from the outside before attaching to the touch screen or barrier film The 1420 may be attached on the second adhesive layer 1419.

Or, as shown in FIG. 14D, as a modified form of FIG. 14B, in order to be used as a touch screen, a barrier film, or a viewing angle control protective film for various display devices, without a conductive adhesive layer 1414 under the microcapsule 1418, A first release film or a first protective film 1416 for preventing the inflow of contaminants or the like may be attached thereto.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 14E, in the viewing angle control protective film structure of FIG. 14A, an optically transparent first adhesive layer 1415 for attaching the display unit is formed under the lower substrate 1404, and is optically transparent. A separate first release film or a first protective film 1416 is formed on the lower portion 1415 of the first adhesive layer, and an optically transparent second adhesive layer 1419 for attaching a touch screen to the upper substrate 1415 Is formed on the top of the second adhesive layer 1419, and on the top of the second adhesive layer 1419, a separate second release film or a second protective film 1420 is provided to prevent the inflow of contaminants from the outside before being attached to the touch screen or the barrier film. ) Can be formed.

The driving method for subdividing and adjusting the viewing angles of Figs. 6a, b, c, and d can also be applied to the microcapsule type. When an electric field is formed from the outside of the particles having a charge in the microcapsule, the direction in which the particles move or the speed at which the particles move varies depending on the direction of the electric field and the strength of the electric field.

The method of improving the bistableness of FIG. 9 can also be applied to a microcapsule type. Inks dispersed by mixing transparent particles with charged particles in a transparent fluid and transparent particles having the same charge as the particles or not having a specific charge are microencapsulated. The transparent material particles act as a resistor to reduce the moving speed of the particles, so that the range of the viewing angle is widened by controlling the moving speed of the particles, or the particles are prevented from moving further by inertia immediately after the voltage is cut off, or the particles are Finally, it is possible to improve the bistableness of stably maintaining the positioned state.

Referring to FIG. 15, after coating particles 1511 made of a material capable of scattering or diffusing light in a transparent material such as a binder, resin, photoresist, etc. that are transparent or transparent to the transmission region 1502, the mixture is coated and dried. When the transmissive region 1502 is formed by curing, the light emitted and incident from the display may be scattered or diffused by the scattering or diffusing material particles 1511, thereby increasing a viewing angle viewed from the side. In addition, if the transmissive area 1502 is formed by mixing a UV-blocking material instead of a material that scatters or diffuses light, or by mixing a scattering material or a diffusion material and a UV-blocking material together, discoloration of the film due to UV exposure for a long time is prevented or weakened. So that the lifespan can be improved.

The variable viewing angle control film may be used in manufacturing all display devices having a display application capable of adjusting the viewing angle by attaching a display unit to the lower portion or attaching a touch screen or a barrier film to the upper portion. Display devices including the display unit include CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), FPD (Flat Panel Display), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), PDP (Plasma Display Panel), LED (Light Emitting Diode), OLED (Organic Light-Emitting). Diode), E-Paper, etc. can be applied.

The manufacturing process applied to the specific embodiment of the present invention according to FIGS. 3 to 15 and materials used in the process are as follows.

The viewing angle variable control film according to the present invention is made of a composite material in which a solid and a liquid material are mixed.

The upper substrate and the lower substrate are light-transparent materials having high transmittance, and may be base films formed of a material having a high transmittance of 80% or more. The upper substrate is a transparent polymer film with excellent light transmittance, and includes polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN, polyethyelenen napthalate), It can be formed from polyethylene terephthalide (PET, polyethyeleneterepthalate), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyallylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (TAC), etc. However, it is not limited thereto.

An upper electrode may be provided on one surface of the upper substrate facing the lower substrate. The upper electrode may apply the same voltage to the viewing angle variable control film. The upper electrode may be a common electrode formed in a plate shape so as to be common to the viewing angle variable control film. The upper electrode may be provided on the viewer's side, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), ZnO or transparent conductive oxide (TCO). It may be formed of a transparent conductive material.

Fluids include water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene carbonate, toluene, benzene, hexane, and chloroform. (Chloroform), isoparaffin oil, silicone oil, ester oil, hydrocarbon oil triethylhexanoine, dimethicone, cetyl otanoate, dicaprylate, isopropyl myristate, tocophenol acetate, etc. It may contain a transparent material.

The microcapsules may be fixed at predetermined intervals in the binder layer to form a space between the microcapsules. Due to the spaced space, each microcapsule does not directly contact neighboring microcapsules.

The binder layer may include a material that is at least partially transparent in the visible light region of 380 nm to 750 nm. The binder layer may include at least one transparent polymer material selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers, silicone polymers, ester polymers, urethane polymers, amide polymers, ether polymers, fluorine polymers, and rubbers.

As the optically transparent adhesive layer (or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer), an appropriate polymer such as an acrylic polymer or a silicone polymer, polyester, polyurethane, and polyether can be used. As the adhesive layer (or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer), not only a simple adhesive (or adhesive) action, but also a high elastic silicone rubber, which serves as a cushion to alleviate impact, may be used. The adhesive layer (or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer) may be cured by energy (eg, heat or UV, etc.) or may be uncured.

For example, the adhesive layer (or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer) may be an insulating organic material, polyether sulfone (PES, polyethersulphone), polyacrylate (PAR, polyacrylate), polyether imide (PEI, polyetherimide), polyethylene naphthalate ( PEN, polyethyelenen napthalate), polyethylene terephthalide (PET, polyethyeleneterepthalate), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyallylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (TAC) ) Or the like, but is not limited thereto.

The lower substrate may be a flexible substrate that can be bent, bent, or rolled, and in this case, the lower substrate may be a flexible printed circuit board. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the lower substrate may be made of a phenol-based or epoxy-based synthetic resin, and the lower substrate may be a rigid printed circuit board. A lower electrode may be provided on one surface of the lower substrate. The lower electrode may apply the same or different voltages to the plurality of microcapsules or particles.

The lower electrode is a single layer structure of copper, aluminum, indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO), or nickel or gold is further laminated on a material of copper, aluminum, ITO, or IZO. It can be formed in a multi-layered structure.

Microcapsules may be soft capsules or hard capsules, and may be manufactured by in-situ polymerization, coacervation approach, or interfacial polymerization.

In the manufacture of microcapsules, a polar or non-polar dispersion medium may be used as the fluid. For example, water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene carbonate, toluene, benzene, chloroform, hexane, cyclohexane, dodecane, perchlorethylene, trichloroethylene, isopar-G, isopar, a kind of isoparaffin oil. Any one or more of -M and isopar-H can be used.

According to the in-situ polymerization method, microcapsules can be prepared through a reaction process in which an emulsion is formed and structured in a core-shell form.

First, the particles are dispersed in a fluid to prepare a core material. At this time, the particles may be dispersed in a proportion of 0.1 to 25% by weight with respect to the fluid, but a larger amount may be dispersed if necessary. The dispersion of the core material may be dispersed using an ultrasonic disperser or a homogenizer.

Next, a prepolymer is prepared by mixing the polymer to form the shell of the microcapsule and adjusting the acidity. This process can be carried out simultaneously with the process of preparing the dispersion of the core material.

The polymer for forming the shell may be a polymer precursor capable of exhibiting low elasticity and hard properties, such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, methylvinylether comaleic anhydride, or a gelatin, polyvinyl Polymers such as alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, cellulosic derivatives, acacia, carrageenan, carboxymethylrelose, hydrolyzed styrene anhydride copolymer, agar, alginate, casein, albumin, cellulose phthalate, etc. can be used, and the hydrophilicity of these polymers By controlling the hyperhydrophobicity, it is possible to form a shell surrounding the core material. In addition, the prepolymer may be dispersed in a fluid like particles to be prepared as a dispersion.

The prepared dispersion of the core material and the prepolymer dispersion of the shell material are mixed and stirred to form an emulsion. As conditions for forming such an emulsion, it is necessary to optimize the ratio of the particles and the prepolymer, and the two dispersions can be mixed so as to be 1:5 to 1:12 in volume ratio. In addition, a stabilizer may be added to improve dispersibility. In the emulsion, the particles may become a dispersed phase and the shell material may be a continuous phase.

At this time, additives may be added to increase the stability of the emulsion. Such additives may be organic polymers having high viscosity after dissolving in an aqueous phase and having excellent wettability. Specifically, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginate At least one of them can be used.

The core material dispersion can be microencapsulated by adjusting the pH and temperature of the formed emulsion so that the continuous phase shell material dispersion is deposited around the dispersed phase particles to form a microcapsule shell.

In this case, it may include a process of adding an additive to increase the hardness of the shell by reducing the elasticity by configuring the microcapsule shell more densely. The type of additive to be added may be an ionic or polar material that is easily soluble in an aqueous phase. For example, at least one of ammonium chloride, resorcinol, hydroquinone, and catechol, which is a curing catalyst, may be used.

In the case of the coacervation method, an oily/aqueous emulsion on the inner and outer phases can be used. The dispersion of the core material is coacervated (bulked) from the aqueous outer phase to the outside, and by controlling the temperature, pH, relative concentration, etc., a shell is formed in the oily droplets of the inner phase to form particles.

In the case of coacervation, as the shell material, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, gelatin, or arabic rubber may be used.

In the case of the interfacial polymerization method, the lipophilic monomer in the inner phase is present as an emulsion in the aqueous outer phase. The monomer in the liquid crystal of the inner phase reacts with the monomer introduced into the aqueous outer phase, polymerization reaction occurs at the interface between the droplet of the inner phase and the surrounding aqueous outer phase, and a shell of particles is formed around the droplet. The formed shell is relatively thin and permeable, but unlike other manufacturing methods, it does not require heating, so it has the advantage of being able to apply various dielectric fluids.

In the display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, regardless of the shape of the microcapsules attached to the substrate in a spherical, non-spherical shape, or a face, the elastic force of the microcapsules in contact with the electrode is strengthened to prevent external pressure or impact It has the durability to absorb.

The partition wall may be formed of a non-polar organic material or a non-polar inorganic material.

The partition wall may be formed through a photo lithography or mold printing process to have a predetermined height and width (eg, a height of 10 μm to 100 μm, a width of 10 μm to 20 μm).

It is preferable that the partition wall is made of a material that is not charged so that the particles charged by the electrical force and the partition wall are not coupled to each other during driving. In the embodiment of the present invention, when the fluid in which the charged particles are mixed is a non-polar organic solvent, it may be formed of a non-polar polymer, organic, or inorganic material, such as a fluid-like physical property. have.

The release film or protective film is coated with a silicone composition and inorganic particles exhibiting antistatic effect on one side or both sides of a polyester (PET) film, and has uniform peeling power, residual adhesion, and antistatic functions. It acts as a film to protect the adhesive layer or adhesive layer of.

Claims

Upper substrate;

Lower substrate;

An upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate;

A lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate; And

A transmission region formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate to transmit all light emitted from the display unit and a variable viewing angle region to block light,

The viewing angle variable region, the viewing angle variable control film, characterized in that the ink is dispersed in a transparent fluid absorbing light and having a charge.
The method of claim 1,

The transmission region is an empty space or formed of a transparent material so that light can be transmitted,

The viewing angle variable region,

a) When the transmissive region is formed of a transparent material, the charged particles are formed by filling ink dispersed in a transparent fluid in the empty space between the transmissive regions,

b) When the transmission region is an empty space, the viewing angle variable control film is formed in a form in which the charged particles are filled with ink dispersed in a transparent fluid in an isolation space formed of a partition wall and sealed.
The method of claim 1,

The transmissive region is formed by mixing a transparent material selected from a transparent binder, resin, or photoresist with a UV blocking material or a material capable of scattering or diffusing light.
The method of claim 1,

A variable viewing angle control film, characterized in that the bistableness is improved by mixing the transparent fluid with the charged particles and the same charged particles as the charged particles or by mixing the transparent resistor particles having no charge.
The method of claim 1,

Further comprising a sealing layer formed in a region in contact with the upper electrode and the variable viewing angle region or in a region in contact with the lower electrode and the variable viewing angle region, and a conductive adhesive layer for attaching the sealing layer to the upper substrate or the lower substrate. Viewing angle variable control film, characterized in that.
The method of claim 1,

The viewing angle variable region and the entire region in contact with the transmission region further comprises a sealing layer formed in a region in contact with the upper electrode or the lower electrode, and a conductive adhesive layer for attaching the sealing layer to the upper substrate or the lower substrate. Viewing angle variable control film, characterized in that.
The method of claim 1,

A sealing layer formed in a region in which the viewing angle variable region and the transmission region are in contact with the upper electrode or the lower electrode simultaneously serves as a conductive adhesive layer for attaching to the upper substrate or the lower substrate. Viewing angle variable control film.
The method of claim 1,

A viewing angle variable control film, characterized in that an optically transparent first adhesive layer for attaching the display to the display is formed under the lower substrate.
The method of claim 8,

A viewing angle variable control film, characterized in that a separate first release film or a first protective film is formed under the optically transparent first adhesive layer.
The method of claim 8,

For attaching a touch screen or a barrier film, a second optically transparent adhesive layer is also formed on the upper substrate.
The method of claim 10,

A viewing angle variable control film, characterized in that a separate second release film or a second protective film is formed to attach a touch screen or a barrier film on an upper portion of the optically transparent second adhesive layer formed on the upper substrate.
Upper substrate;

Lower substrate;

An upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate;

A lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate; And

A transmission region formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate to transmit all light emitted from the display unit and a variable viewing angle region to block light,

The viewing angle variable region includes ink in which particles absorbing light and having electric charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid,

A viewing angle variable control film capable of adjusting a viewing angle only in a selective area, characterized in that one of the upper electrode or the lower electrode is patterned only in the viewing angle variable area.
Upper substrate;

Lower substrate;

An upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate;

A lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate; And

A transmission region formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate to transmit all light emitted from the display unit and a variable viewing angle region to block light,

The variable viewing angle region includes ink in which particles that absorb light and have electric charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid,

Since one of the upper electrode or the lower electrode is patterned only in a predetermined region, a viewing angle variable control film capable of adjusting a viewing angle for each region by applying or blocking each driving voltage for each patterned electrode.
Upper substrate;

Lower substrate;

An upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate;

A lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate; And

A transmission region formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate to transmit all light emitted from the display unit and a variable viewing angle region to block light,

The viewing angle variable region includes ink in which particles absorbing light and having electric charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid,

One of the upper electrode or the lower electrode is patterned with two or more electrodes in each viewing angle variable region, so that the viewing angle adjustment range is extended and the viewing angle variable adjustment film capable of adjusting the viewing angle for each region.
An ink, characterized in that particles are dispersed in a transparent fluid included in the viewing angle variable control film according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
Forming an upper electrode on one surface of the upper substrate;

Forming a lower electrode on one surface of the lower substrate; And

Including, between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, forming a transmissive region through which all light emitted from the display unit is transmitted and a variable viewing angle region to block light;

The viewing angle variable region, the method of manufacturing a variable viewing angle control film, characterized in that the ink is dispersed in a transparent fluid absorbing light and having a charge.