WO2021087789A1 - 一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统及实验方法 - Google Patents

一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统及实验方法 Download PDF

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WO2021087789A1
WO2021087789A1 PCT/CN2019/115858 CN2019115858W WO2021087789A1 WO 2021087789 A1 WO2021087789 A1 WO 2021087789A1 CN 2019115858 W CN2019115858 W CN 2019115858W WO 2021087789 A1 WO2021087789 A1 WO 2021087789A1
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transparent soil
sample
transparent
rotating
evolution
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PCT/CN2019/115858
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English (en)
French (fr)
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年廷凯
郭兴森
范宁
焦厚滨
宋晓龙
谷忠德
李东阳
王技博
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大连理工大学
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Priority to AU2019436654A priority Critical patent/AU2019436654B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/115858 priority patent/WO2021087789A1/zh
Publication of WO2021087789A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021087789A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
    • G06T17/05—Geographic models

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of marine geological disasters and geotechnical engineering experiments, and relates to the physical experiment simulation of the evolution process of marine geological disasters such as submarine landslides.
  • Long-distance evolution experiments for landslide bodies (especially clay landslide bodies) are difficult to carry out and experimental data collection Difficulties, unclear images of the experimental process monitoring, etc., provide a submarine landslide evolution process simulation system and experimental method based on a transparent soil rotating flume.
  • Submarine landslides are one of the most common marine geological disasters, which are widely distributed in offshore deltas, continental shelves, continental slopes and deep sea basins. They are specifically manifested as partial or large-scale sliding of seabed soils, and they are also the most important geological process of seabed sediment migration. one. Once the submarine slope becomes unstable, it will cause the seabed to collapse, the foundation will fail, resulting in large deformations, sliding, and high-speed impact, which will cause huge damage to the deep sea and offshore engineering, and affect the development of marine resources and the development of marine economy. Large-scale submarine landslides can also induce catastrophic tsunamis, causing huge casualties and property losses.
  • submarine landslides occur underwater, which is extremely difficult to observe, and there is still a lack of real and reliable observation data. After investigation, it was found that even in the case of extremely small slopes, submarine landslides will occur, and they have outstanding characteristics such as high sliding speed, long migration time, and wide range of influence. Therefore, understanding the instability mechanism and evolution process of submarine landslides is of great significance to the site selection in the early stage of project construction and the disaster assessment of existing projects. At present, many scholars have specifically classified and staged submarine landslides.
  • the present invention provides an experimental system that can effectively control, observe, and test the entire evolution of submarine landslides. It also has the function of studying the entire evolution of different types of submarine landslides, and The composition and use method of each part are elaborated in detail, in order to meet the needs of simulation analysis of the whole process of submarine landslide evolution.
  • a simulation system for the evolution process of a submarine landslide based on a transparent soil rotating water tank including a rotating water tank system, a transparent soil simulation system, a control and data acquisition system.
  • the rotating water tank system controls the high-performance servo motor 2 to rotate the rotating drum tank 3, and achieves the purpose of imparting different speeds to the sample through relative movement, and the closed U-shaped groove of the rotating water tank can satisfy the unlimited sliding distance of the sample The requirements can be controlled.
  • the described transparent soil simulation system prepares a visual sample and fluid environment similar to the physical and mechanical properties of the real seabed soil through the accumulated experience and technology of sample preparation and the existing similar theory, so as to achieve the internal, The whole process of external and interface visualization is realized.
  • the control and data acquisition system can achieve three-dimensional quantitative data extraction in the whole evolution process through three-dimensional laser slicing technology, industrial camera and sports camera acquisition methods, and achieve measurability.
  • the three systems work together to implement simulation experiments on the evolution of submarine landslides.
  • the rotating water tank system includes a rotating water tank support frame 1, a high-performance servo motor 2, a rotating drum tank 3, and an inner wall surface 4 of the outer layer of the drum tank.
  • the bottom of the supporting frame 1 of the rotating water tank is fixedly connected with the ground, which is the skeleton of the entire experimental system, and plays the role of supporting and stabilizing the entire experimental device and providing the required reaction force.
  • the high-performance servo motor 2 is set in the center of the rotating water tank support frame 1, and is connected to the rotating drum tank 3 through a plurality of rigid rods, and is connected to the microcomputer 10 through the data connection line 11, so as to realize the remote control of the computer and the safety Reliable, providing different stable or varying rotational angular velocities for the rotating drum groove 3.
  • the inner opening and outer layer of the rotating drum groove 3 are closed, and the section of the drum groove is an open U-shaped groove design.
  • the inside of the drum groove is used to place the environmental fluid 6 and the transparent soil sample 7, and the main body of the rotating drum groove 3 is organic Made of glass, grid positioning lines are drawn according to actual needs, and steel frame supports are used to ensure safety.
  • the inner wall surface 4 of the outer layer of the drum groove is the transparent inner wall surface of the outer layer of the rotating drum groove 3, which can update the paving material according to experimental requirements and is used to simulate the seabed surface with different roughness.
  • the transparent soil simulation system includes a tracer dye 5, an environmental fluid 6, and a transparent soil sample 7.
  • the tracer dye 5 is used for dyeing the environmental fluid 6 and the transparent soil sample 7 to accurately distinguish and capture the evolution process of the interface between the environmental fluid and the transparent soil sample and the changes in the transparent soil sample.
  • the environmental fluid 6 is a substance for simulating seawater configured according to the transparent soil sample preparation technology based on similar criteria
  • the transparent soil sample 7 is configured and consolidated based on the transparent soil sample preparation technology based on the similar criteria. Simulate different types of substances (similar in physical and mechanical properties) of the submarine soil layer, and further cut out different shapes according to the marine geological survey, and carry out experiments.
  • Both the environmental fluid 6 and the transparent soil sample 7 are prepared by the tracer dye 5 with different colors with obvious difference, which is convenient for the recognition of the camera 9 and is used to accurately monitor the internal evolution of the transparent soil sample 7 during the rotation of the rotating drum groove 3 Conditions (including shape change, block decomposition, solid-liquid transformation) and external changes (including sample velocity, acceleration, and force changes), and the material exchange process between the transparent soil sample 7 and the environmental fluid 6 includes invasion, separation, Rupture and so on.
  • the control and data acquisition system includes three sets of laser transmitters 8, three sets of cameras 9, a microcomputer 10, and a data transmission line 11.
  • the laser transmitter 8 is connected to the microcomputer 10 through the data transmission line 11, and is arranged in three directions in the space of the transparent soil sample 7 to emit lasers and meet the technical requirements of laser speckle required by the transparent soil technology.
  • the three groups of cameras 9 are arranged in three directions in the space of the transparent soil sample 7.
  • the arrangement direction of the cameras 9 is opposite to the arrangement direction of the laser transmitter 8.
  • the three groups of cameras 9 are all connected to the microcomputer 10 through the data transmission line 11.
  • Each group of cameras 9 includes an industrial camera and a motion camera; the industrial camera is responsible for combining the laser of the laser transmitter 8 to accurately identify the evolution of the velocity field of each profile particle of the transparent soil sample 7 and the environmental fluid 6 based on the PIV technology; The camera is responsible for taking pictures of the landslide body at each moment of the whole experiment process, recording the overall evolution of the landslide body, and calculating the speed, acceleration and force of the landslide body.
  • the microcomputer 10 is used to control the operation of the high-performance servo motor 2, the laser transmitter 8 and the camera 9 and the rapid conversion of multiple modes, and to collect data and images of the servo motor 2 and the camera 9; the data transmission line 11 is used to connect the various parts of the device.
  • a simulation experiment method for the evolution process of a submarine landslide based on a transparent soil rotating water tank is realized based on the above simulation system and includes the following steps:
  • the first step is to select the tracer dye 5 according to the requirements of the overall design of the experiment. Then, based on the similarity criteria and the transparent soil sample preparation technology, an environmental fluid 6 for simulating seawater is configured. Furthermore, a transparent soil slurry with a tracer dye 5 is configured to consolidate a submarine soil layer transparent soil sample 7 with similar physical and mechanical properties. Finally, cut out a specific shape that meets the overall experimental design requirements for the test to be carried out.
  • the second step is to build the rotating water tank support frame 1, the high-performance servo motor 2 and the rotating drum tank 3, and check the stability and safety of the three parts, and then carefully debug each part of the device to ensure reliability and accuracy. Then, according to the experimental design requirements (seabed roughness), select and replace the transparent paving material on the inner wall surface 4 of the outer layer of the drum tank.
  • the third step is to place the transparent soil sample 7 in the rotating drum groove 3, and inject the environmental fluid 6, place the three-direction laser transmitter 8, the three-direction camera 9 and the microcomputer 10, and connect them through the data transmission line 11 for debugging. And set the mode of each experimental component, check the power supply, connection and signal of each part, and all the preparations for the experiment are completed.
  • the entire experiment is started through the microcomputer 10, and the experiment is carried out in a predetermined mode (uniform speed, variable speed).
  • a predetermined mode uniform speed, variable speed.
  • the inner wall surface 4 of the outer layer of the tank, the environmental fluid 6 and the transparent soil sample 7 move relative to each other.
  • the solid transparent soil sample 7 will be softened, block separation, etc., and will continue to evolve into a fluid state.
  • the working principle (innovative point) of the present invention is as follows: firstly, two substances with different colors and high recognition degree are prepared based on the tracer dye 5, a solid transparent soil sample 7 and a liquid environmental fluid 6; Based on the infinitely long chute design of the rotating water tank 3, the goal of unlimited distance during the movement and evolution of the transparent soil sample 7 is realized; further, the three-directional laser transmitter 8 and the three-directional camera 9 accurately identify the environmental fluid 6 and
  • the three-dimensional evolution process of the transparent soil sample 7 includes: the long-distance migration and evolution process can be accurately distinguished by the tracer dye 5, the interface exchange process between the environmental fluid 6 and the transparent soil sample 7 and the internal sample 7 of the transparent soil The process of separation, rupture, and development of fluidized fluid; Moreover, based on the collected data, the quantitative relationship between the velocity, acceleration and force of the environmental fluid 6 and the transparent soil sample 7 during the evolution process is accurately calculated, and the qualitative relationship is given.
  • the experimental system has controllable scale, good economy, simple connection, easy operation, rich, advanced and reliable technology, and can effectively realize the experimental simulation of the whole process of long-distance evolution of submarine landslides and real-time monitoring
  • the internal changes in the evolution process of the sample and the evolution of the fluid-soil interface realize quantitative three-dimensional and multi-angle data acquisition and transmission, and provide hardware research support for the evolution of complex submarine landslides.
  • Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the experimental system
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rotating water tank
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the experimental system
  • a simulation system for the evolution process of a submarine landslide based on a transparent soil rotating water tank including a rotating water tank system, a transparent soil simulation system, a control and data acquisition system.
  • the three systems work together to implement simulation experiments on the evolution of submarine landslides.
  • the rotating water tank system includes a rotating water tank support frame 1, a high-performance servo motor 2, a rotating drum tank 3, and an inner wall surface 4 of the outer layer of the drum tank.
  • the bottom of the rotating water tank support frame 1 is fixedly connected to the ground;
  • the high-performance servo motor 2 is arranged at the center of the rotating water tank support frame 1, and is connected to the rotating drum tank 3 through a plurality of rigid rods, and through a data connection line 11 Connected to the microcomputer 10;
  • the inner and outer layers of the rotating drum groove 3 are open and the outer layer is closed.
  • the section of the drum groove is an open U-shaped groove design.
  • the inside of the drum groove is used to place the environmental fluid 6 and the transparent soil sample 7;
  • the wall surface 4 is a transparent inner wall surface of the outer layer of the rotating drum groove 3, which is used to simulate the seabed surface with different roughness.
  • the transparent soil simulation system includes a tracer dye 5, an environmental fluid 6, and a transparent soil sample 7.
  • the tracer dye 5 is used for dyeing the environmental fluid 6 and the transparent soil sample 7.
  • Environmental fluid 6 is a substance configured to simulate seawater based on transparent soil sample preparation technology based on similar criteria; transparent soil sample 7 is configured and consolidated based on similar criteria through transparent soil sample preparation technology to simulate different types (physical (Similar mechanical properties)
  • the material of the seabed soil layer is further cut into different shapes according to the marine geological survey, and tests are carried out.
  • the control and data acquisition system includes three sets of laser transmitters 8, three sets of cameras 9, a microcomputer 10, and a data transmission line 11.
  • the laser transmitter 8 is connected to the microcomputer 10 through a data transmission line 11, and is arranged in three directions in the space of the transparent soil sample 7 for emitting laser light.
  • the three groups of cameras 9 are arranged in three directions in the space of the transparent soil sample 7.
  • the arrangement direction of the cameras 9 is opposite to the arrangement direction of the laser transmitter 8.
  • the three groups of cameras 9 are all connected to the microcomputer 10 through the data transmission line 11. It is used to record and capture the three-dimensional evolution process of the transparent soil sample 7.
  • Each group of cameras 9 includes an industrial camera and a sports camera.
  • the microcomputer 10 is used to control the operation of the high-performance servo motor 2, the laser transmitter 8 and the camera 9 and the rapid conversion of multiple modes, and to collect data and images of the servo motor 2 and the camera 9.
  • a simulation experiment method for the evolution process of a submarine landslide based on a transparent soil rotating water tank is realized based on the above simulation system and includes the following steps:
  • the characteristics of the typical submarine landslide sample are generalized, including: strength, density, and water content , Geometry and other physical and mechanical characteristic parameters.
  • the transparent soil sample 7 is taken out of the preparation device, and according to the working space of the rotating water tank, the geometric shape of the real landslide body is taken into consideration, and the different sizes required for the experiment are cut out.
  • the real seabed geological conditions generalize and determine the roughness of the outer boundary of the trough to determine the inner wall surface of the outer layer of the drum trough 4 to simulate the real seabed environment. Place the transparent soil sample 7 in the rotating drum tank 3 and inject the environmental fluid 6 to ensure that the transparent soil sample 7 is completely immersed in the environmental fluid 6.
  • each kind of sample is carried out at different speeds (planned to use 0.25m/s, 0.5m/s, 1m/s, 2.5m/s, 5m/s) to carry out the rotating water tank experiment.
  • the three-direction CCD industrial camera and the three-direction GoPro motion camera 9 and the corresponding laser transmitter 8 are activated respectively.
  • the acceleration, velocity, displacement, force and morphological evolution of the landslide body are calculated, and the whole process of the landslide body's evolution from block to homogeneous fluid is analyzed.
  • the related mechanism of action and evolution model are presented, and the evolution model is proposed.

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Abstract

一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统及实验方法，属于海洋地质灾害与岩土工程实验技术领域，包括旋转水槽系统、透明土模拟系统、控制与数据采集系统。旋转水槽系统通过控制电机赋予试样不同速度，U型截面旋转鼓槽闭合圆环结构用于满足滑动距离不受限制要求；透明土模拟系统制备与真实海底土层物理力学特性相似的具有示踪染色剂透明试样及流体环境，实现试样演化过程内部、外部及水土界面三维全程可视化；控制与数据采集系统通过三维激光切片与数字图像采集方法，实现演化过程定量化监测与数据提取。本发明提供的实验系统规模可控、演化过程可视、图像数据可测，能解决长距离演化实验难以开展、数据采集困难、监测画面不清等问题。

Description

一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统及实验方法 技术领域
本发明属于海洋地质灾害与岩土工程实验技术领域，涉及海底滑坡等海洋地质灾害演化过程物理实验模拟，针对滑坡体（尤其是黏性土滑坡体）的长距离演化实验难以开展、实验数据采集困难、实验过程监测画面不清等问题，提供一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统及实验方法。
 背景技术
海底滑坡是一种最常见的海洋地质灾害，广泛分布于近海三角洲、大陆架、大陆坡及深海海盆，具体表现为海床土体发生局部或大范围滑动，也是海底沉积物运移最重要地质过程之一。一旦海底斜坡失稳，将会造成海床塌陷、地基失效、进而产生大变形滑动、高速冲击，将对深远海及近海工程等造成巨大破坏，影响海洋资源的开发与海洋经济的发展，一些大规模的海底滑坡还会诱发灾难性的海啸，造成巨大的人员伤亡及财产损失。
与陆地滑坡不同，海底滑坡发生在水下，极难观测，至今仍缺乏真实可靠的观测数据。经过事后调查发现，即使在极小的坡度情况下，海底滑坡也会发生，且具有滑动速度大、运移时间长、影响范围广等突出特点。因此，认识海底滑坡的失稳机理、演化过程，对工程建设前期的选址、已建工程的灾害评估等具有重要意义。目前，很多学者已对海底滑坡进行具体分类与阶段划分。然而，受真实观测资料缺乏、实验技术手段难以再现海底滑坡演化过程、数值模拟缺乏理论依据等制约，海底滑坡演化全过程的机理分析仍是一段时期内国际前沿、热点、难点的科学问题。
由上可知，海底滑坡发生过程现场资料与原位数据收集十分困难。另外，理论分析缺乏实测数据的支撑。所以，室内试验是研究海底滑坡演化过程最有效的手段。然而，室内试验的规模十分有限，常规水槽实验只能研究海底滑坡某个具体阶段的一个非常短的片段（仅几到几十秒），难以再现海底滑坡演化的全过程，即使存在小尺寸旋转水槽试验但其仅针对砂质海底滑坡的均质碎屑流（泥石流）阶段，且不能监测滑坡演化的内部变化，不能探究其内在机理。更为重要的是，海底滑坡尤其是深海滑坡，多以细颗粒黏性土为主，一旦开展水槽试验，水土两项介质马上进行剧烈交换，瞬间造成浑浊，无法采集演化过程内外部的图像与数据，更无法给出真实的量化结果。当前，基于相似原理，制备与真实黏土和流体物理力学特性相似的透明土试样，探究固态试样内部的变形过程，这已有大量的研究基础，但同样并不能探究滑坡演化的内在机理。因此，基于透明土技术，开发一种可控、可视、可测的实验系统与方法是研究海底滑坡演化过程的有效前提与技术保障。
 技术问题
为了解决当前海底滑坡演化过程实验装置的不足，甚至空白，本发明提供一种能有效控制、观察、测试海底滑坡演化全过程的实验系统，还具有研究不同种类海底滑坡演化全过程的功能，并详细阐述其各部分的组成及使用方法，以期满足海底滑坡演化全过程模拟分析的需要。
 技术解决方案
为了达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统，包括旋转水槽系统、透明土模拟系统、控制与数据采集系统。所述的旋转水槽系统通过控制高性能伺服电机2使旋转鼓槽3旋转，通过相对运动，达到赋予试样不同速度的目的，且旋转水槽的闭合U型槽能够满足试样滑动距离不受限制的要求，实现可控。所述的透明土模拟系统通过积累的试样制备经验与技术，通过现有的相似理论，制备与真实海底土层物理力学特性相似的可视化试样与流体环境，达到试样演化过程的内部、外部、界面全程可视化，实现可视。所述的控制与数据采集系统可以通过三维激光切片技术、工业相机与运动相机采集方法，达到演化全过程三维定量化的数据提取，实现可测。三大系统协同工作，共同实现海底滑坡演化过程模拟实验的开展。
所述的旋转水槽系统包括旋转水槽支撑框架1、高性能伺服电机2、旋转鼓槽3、鼓槽外层内壁面4。所述的旋转水槽支撑框架1底部与地面相固接，是整个实验系统的骨架，起到支撑与稳定整个实验装置并提供所需反力的作用。所述的高性能伺服电机2设于旋转水槽支撑框架1的中心处，与旋转鼓槽3通过多个刚性杆件连接，并通过数据连接线11与微型计算机10相连，实现计算机远程控制，安全可靠，为旋转鼓槽3提供不同稳定的或变化的旋转角速度。所述的旋转鼓槽3内层开口、外层封闭，其鼓槽截面为开口U型槽设计，鼓槽内部用于放置环境流体6与透明土试样7，旋转鼓槽3的主体为有机玻璃制成，根据实际需要绘制网格定位线，并搭配钢骨架支撑保证安全。所述的鼓槽外层内壁面4为旋转鼓槽3外层的透明内壁面，其可根据实验需求更新铺装材料，用于模拟具有不同粗糙度的海床表面。
所述的透明土模拟系统包括示踪染色剂5、环境流体6、透明土试样7。所述的示踪染色剂5用于环境流体6与透明土试样7的染色，用于精确区分并捕捉环境流体-透明土试样界面的演化过程以及透明土试样内部的变化情况。所述的环境流体6为根据透明土制样技术，基于相似准则配置的用于模拟海水的物质，所述的透明土试样7通过透明土制样技术，基于相似准则配置并固结用于模拟不同类型（物理力学特性相似）海底土层的物质，进一步根据海洋地质调查情况，切削出不同形状，开展试验。所述环境流体6和透明土试样7均通过示踪染色剂5制备出差异明显的不同颜色，便于相机9的识别，用于精确监测旋转鼓槽3旋转过程中透明土试样7内部演化情况（包括形状变化、块体分解、固液态转化）与外部变化情况（包括试样速度、加速度、受力变化），以及透明土试样7与环境流体6的物质交换过程包括侵入、分离、破裂等。
所述的控制与数据采集系统包括三组激光发射器8、三组相机9、微型计算机10、数据传输线11。所述的激光发射器8通过数据传输线11与微型计算机10相连，在透明土试样7的空间三个方向布置，用于发射激光，满足透明土技术所需的激光散斑技术要求。所述的三组相机9在透明土试样7的空间三个方向布置，相机9的布置方向与激光发射器8的布置方向相对，三组相机9均通过数据传输线11与微型计算机10相连，用于记录并捕捉透明土试样7的三维演化过程，通过数字图像处理技术定量化分析整个演化过程，确定试样与流体的速度与加速度演化过程并据此评估试样受力状态，其中，每组相机9均包括一个工业相机、一个运动相机；工业相机负责结合激光发射器8的激光，基于PIV技术精确识别透明土试样7与环境流体6每个剖面粒子的速度场演化情况；运动相机负责拍摄整个实验过程滑坡体每个时刻的图片，记录滑坡体整体演化情况，计算出滑坡体速度、加速度与受力等信息。所述的微型计算机10用于控制高性能伺服电机2、激光发射器8与相机9的工作与多种模式的快速转换，以及采集伺服电机2与相机9的数据与图像；所述的数据传输线11用于连接装置的各部分。
一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟实验方法，基于上述模拟系统实现，包括以下步骤：
第一步，根据实验总体设计的要求，选择示踪染色剂5。然后，基于相似准则，根据透明土制样技术，配置用于模拟海水的环境流体6。进一步，配置具有示踪染色剂5的透明土浆料，固结具有物理力学特性相似的海底土层透明土试样7。最后，切削出满足总体实验设计要求的具体形状，以待试验开展。
第二步，搭建旋转水槽支撑框架1、高性能伺服电机2与旋转鼓槽3，并检查三部分的稳定性与安全性，再仔细调试各部分装置，确保可靠性与准确性。然后，根据实验设计要求（海床粗糙度），选择并更换鼓槽外层内壁面4的透明铺装材料。
第三步，放置透明土试样7于旋转鼓槽3内，并注入环境流体6，安放三个方向激光发射器8、三个方向相机9与微型计算机10，并通过数据传输线11相连，调试并设置各实验部件的模式，检查各部分供电、连接与信号等，实验所有准备工作完成。
第四步，通过微型计算机10启动整个实验，按预定模式（匀速、变速）开展实验。旋转水槽3旋转过程中，槽外层内壁面4、环境流体6与透明土试样7存在相对运动。然后，在不同的运动模式下，在环境流体6的侵入、阻碍、交换等作用下，固态透明土试样7会发生软化、块体分离等，不断演化为流体状态。
第五步，完成实验后，断电并清理实验装置与场地，提取数据，开展数据解析与理论分析。
本发明的工作原理（创新点）为：首先，基于示踪染色剂5制备出不同颜色、辨识度大的两种物质，一种固态透明土试样7，一种液态环境流体6；然后，基于旋转水槽3的无限长滑槽设计，实现透明土试样7运动演化过程中距离不受限制的目的；进一步，通过三个方向激光发射器8与三个方向相机9精确识别环境流体6与透明土试样7的三维演化过程，包括：通过示踪染色剂5可以精确区分长距离运移演化过程中，环境流体6与透明土试样7的界面交换过程，以及透明土内部试样7的分离、破裂、发展为流态化流体的过程；再者，基于采集的数据，精确计算出演化过程中环境流体6与透明土试样7速度、加速度、受力的量化关系，给出定性机理与定量模型；最后，通过制备具有不同物理力学特性的透明土试样7与环境流体6，改变透明土试样7的形状、大小，改变环境流体6的高度，改变槽外层内壁面4的粗糙度，实现不同类型海底滑坡演化过程的精确模拟。
 有益效果
本发明的效果和益处是：该实验系统规模可控、经济性好、连接简便、操作容易，涉及技术丰富、先进、可靠，可有效实现海底滑坡长距离演化全过程的实验模拟，并实时监测试样演化过程内部的变化、流体-土体界面演化作用，实现定量化三维多角度的数据采集与传输，为复杂海底滑坡演化课题提供硬件研究支撑。
 附图说明
图1是实验系统的整体示意图；
图2是旋转水槽的剖面图；
图3是实验系统的俯视图；
图中：1旋转水槽支撑框架；2高性能伺服电机；3旋转鼓槽；4鼓槽外层内壁面；5示踪染色剂；6环境流体；7透明土试样；8激光发射器；9相机；10微型计算机；11数据传输线。
 本发明的实施方式
以下结合技术方案（和附图）详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。
一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统，包括旋转水槽系统、透明土模拟系统、控制与数据采集系统。三大系统协同工作，共同实现海底滑坡演化过程模拟实验的开展。
所述的旋转水槽系统包括旋转水槽支撑框架1、高性能伺服电机2、旋转鼓槽3、鼓槽外层内壁面4。所述的旋转水槽支撑框架1底部与地面相固接；高性能伺服电机2设于旋转水槽支撑框架1的中心处，与旋转鼓槽3通过多个刚性杆件连接，并通过数据连接线11与微型计算机10相连；旋转鼓槽3内层开口、外层封闭，其鼓槽截面为开口U型槽设计，鼓槽内部用于放置环境流体6与透明土试样7；鼓槽外层内壁面4为旋转鼓槽3外层的透明内壁面，用于模拟具有不同粗糙度的海床表面。
所述的透明土模拟系统包括示踪染色剂5、环境流体6、透明土试样7。所述的示踪染色剂5用于环境流体6与透明土试样7的染色。环境流体6为根据透明土制样技术，基于相似准则配置的用于模拟海水的物质；透明土试样7通过透明土制样技术，基于相似准则配置并固结，用于模拟不同类型（物理力学特性相似）海底土层的物质，进一步根据海洋地质调查情况，切削出不同形状，开展试验。
所述的控制与数据采集系统包括三组激光发射器8、三组相机9、微型计算机10、数据传输线11。所述的激光发射器8通过数据传输线11与微型计算机10相连，在透明土试样7的空间三个方向布置，用于发射激光。所述的三组相机9在透明土试样7的空间三个方向布置，相机9的布置方向与激光发射器8的布置方向相对，三组相机9均通过数据传输线11与微型计算机10相连，用于记录并捕捉透明土试样7的三维演化过程，每组相机9均包括一个工业相机、一个运动相机。所述的微型计算机10用于控制高性能伺服电机2、激光发射器8与相机9的工作与多种模式的快速转换，以及采集伺服电机2与相机9的数据与图像。
一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟实验方法，基于上述模拟系统实现，包括以下步骤：
 
首先，通过海洋原位测试与室内土工试验所建立的海底土层物理力学特性数据库，以及文献中滑坡体的相关特性，概化出典型的海底滑坡试样特性，包括：强度、密度、含水量、几何形态等物理力学特性参数。
然后，考虑初始状态滑坡体的几何特征、密度、强度、含水量等情况，基于透明土技术，拟采用无定形硅粉、白油及正十二烷的混合物，制备具有均匀示踪染色剂5的透明土试样7，例如制备出具有密度1200-1600kg/m 3、含水量80%-120%、不排水抗剪强度（通过全流动贯入仪测试）2-10kPa的透明土试样7。进一步，拟采用白油、正十二烷及示踪染料混合的方式，配置出相似于海水环境的具有示踪染色剂5的环境流体6（通过黏度仪测试）。
接着，设计、加工、校核旋转水槽支撑框架1、高性能伺服电机2、旋转鼓槽3与鼓槽外层内壁面4，其中拟采用水槽旋转外径1.5m、内径1m、工作厚度0.2m，水槽中心配备高性能伺服电机2以保证旋转稳定性，并在三个方向放置CCD工业相机与GoPro运动相机9以及与之相对应的激光发射器8，所有装置的控制与数据采集由微型计算机10通过数据传输线11完成，确保安全、智能。
再者，将透明土试样7从制备装置中取出，根据旋转水槽的工作空间，考虑真实滑坡体的几何形状，切削出实验需要的不同尺寸。根据真实海床地质条件，概化并确定水槽外边界的粗糙度确定鼓槽外层内壁面4，模拟真实海床环境。将透明土试样7放置于旋转鼓槽3中，注入环境流体6，保证透明土试样7完全浸没于环境流体6中。
最后，每种试样在不同的速度（拟采用0.25m/s、0.5m/s、1m/s、2.5m/s、5m/s）下，开展旋转水槽实验。基于PIV技术，分别启动三个方向的CCD工业相机与三个方向的GoPro运动相机9以及与之相对应的激光发射器8，通过三维切片技术（调整不同的空间三个方向的切片位置），定量化地采集示踪流体的侵入过程，综合确定滑坡体运动过程中的分解演化全过程。并通过采集滑坡体的运动学参数与几何学参数，计算出滑坡体的加速度、速度、位移、受力与形态演化等参数，分析滑坡体从块体到均质流体演变的整个过程，概化出相关的作用机理及演化模式，提出演化模型。
以上所述实施例仅表达本发明的实施方式，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利的范围的限制，应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统，其特征在于，所述的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统包括旋转水槽系统、透明土模拟系统、控制与数据采集系统，所述的旋转水槽系统通过控制高性能伺服电机(2)使旋转鼓槽(3)旋转，赋予试样不同速度，且旋转水槽的闭合U型槽能够实现试样滑动距离可控；所述的透明土模拟系统制备与真实海底土层物理力学特性相似的可视化试样与流体环境，达到试样演化过程的内部、外部、界面全程可视化；所述的控制与数据采集系统通过三维激光切片技术、工业相机与运动相机采集方法，达到演化全过程三维定量化的数据提取，三大系统协同工作；
    所述的旋转水槽系统包括旋转水槽支撑框架(1)、高性能伺服电机(2)、旋转鼓槽(3)；所述的旋转水槽支撑框架(1)底部与地面固接；所述的高性能伺服电机(2)设于旋转水槽支撑框架(1)的中心处，与旋转鼓槽(3)通过多个刚性杆件连接，并与微型计算机(10)相连，微型计算机(10)为旋转鼓槽(3)提供不同稳定的或变化的旋转角速度；所述的旋转鼓槽(3)内层开口、外层封闭，其鼓槽截面为开口U型槽设计，旋转鼓槽(3)内部用于放置环境流体(6)与透明土试样(7)，旋转鼓槽(3)外层的透明内壁面为鼓槽外层内壁面(4)，用于模拟具有不同粗糙度的海床表面；
    所述的透明土模拟系统包括示踪染色剂(5)、环境流体(6)、透明土试样(7)；所述的环境流体(6)为根据透明土制样技术并基于相似准则配置的用于模拟海水的物质；所述的透明土试样(7)通过透明土制样技术并基于相似准则配置、固结，用于模拟不同类型海底土层的物质；所述环境流体(6)和透明土试样(7)均通过示踪染色剂(5)染色制备出差异明显的不同颜色，并通过相机(9)进行识别，精确监测旋转鼓槽(3)旋转过程中透明土试样(7)内部演化情况与外部变化情况，以及透明土试样(7)与环境流体(6)界面的物质交换过程；
    所述的控制与数据采集系统包括三组激光发射器(8)、三组相机(9)、微型计算机(10)；所述的激光发射器(8)与微型计算机(10)相连，在透明土试样(7)的空间三个方向布置，满足透明土技术所需的激光散斑技术要求；所述的三组相机(9)在透明土试样(7)的空间三个方向布置，相机(9)的布置方向与激光发射器(8)的布置方向相对，三组相机(9)均与微型计算机(10)相连，用于记录并捕捉透明土试样(7)的三维演化过程，通过数字图像处理技术定量化分析整个演化过程，确定试样与流体的速度与加速度演化过程并据此评估试样受力状态；所述的微型计算机(10)用于控制高性能伺服电机(2)、激光发射器(8)与相机(9)的工作与多种模式的转换，以及采集伺服电机(2)与相机(9)的数据与图像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统，其特征在于，所述的旋转鼓槽(3)的主体为有机玻璃，根据实际需要绘制网格定位线，并搭配钢骨架支撑。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统，其特征在于，所述的每组相机(9)均包括一个工业相机、一个运动相机；工业相机用于结合激光发射器(8)的激光，基于PIV技术精确识别透明土试样(7)与环境流体(6)每个剖面粒子的速度场演化情况；运动相机用于拍摄整个实验过程滑坡体每个时刻的图片，记录滑坡体整体演化情况，并计算滑坡体速度、加速度与受力信息。
  4. 一种基于透明土旋转水槽的海底滑坡演化过程模拟实验方法，其特征在于，所述的模拟实验方法基于上述海底滑坡演化过程模拟系统实现，包括以下步骤：
    第一步，首先，根据实验总体设计的要求，选择示踪染色剂(5)；然后，基于相似准则，根据透明土制样技术，配置用于模拟海水的环境流体(6)；配置具有示踪染色剂(5)的透明土浆料，通过透明土浆料固结具有物理力学特性相似的海底土层透明土试样(7)；最后，切削出满足总体实验设计要求的具体形状；
    第二步，搭建旋转水槽支撑框架(1)、高性能伺服电机(2)与旋转鼓槽(3)，并检查、调试三部分装置；根据实验要求，确定鼓槽外层内壁面(4)的透明铺装材料；
    第三步，放置透明土试样(7)于旋转鼓槽(3)内，并注入环境流体(6)；放置三个方向的激光发射器(8)、三个方向的相机(9)，并将其与微型计算机(10)相连，完成实验准备工作；
    第四步，通过微型计算机(10)启动整个实验，按预定模式开展实验；旋转鼓槽(3)旋转过程中，通过旋转鼓槽(3)实现透明土试样(7)运动演化过程中距离不受限制，且槽外层内壁面(4)、环境流体(6)与透明土试样(7)存在相对运动；在不同的运动模式下及环境流体(6)的作用下，固态透明土试样(7)不断演化为流体状态；旋转鼓槽(3)旋转过程中通过三个方向激光发射器(8)与三个方向相机(9)精确识别环境流体(6)与透明土试样(7)的三维演化过程；
    第五步，完成实验后，断电并清理实验装置与场地，提取数据，开展分析；通过制备具有不同物理力学特性的透明土试样(7)与环境流体(6)，改变透明土试样(7)的形状、大小，改变环境流体(6)的高度，改变槽外层内壁面(4)的粗糙度，实现不同海底滑坡演化过程的精确模拟。
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