WO2021087641A1 - 无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统 - Google Patents

无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统 Download PDF

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WO2021087641A1
WO2021087641A1 PCT/CN2019/115238 CN2019115238W WO2021087641A1 WO 2021087641 A1 WO2021087641 A1 WO 2021087641A1 CN 2019115238 W CN2019115238 W CN 2019115238W WO 2021087641 A1 WO2021087641 A1 WO 2021087641A1
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node
data
time
energy
nodes
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PCT/CN2019/115238
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English (en)
French (fr)
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汪祖民
郑祖朋
季长清
秦静
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大连大学
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/115238 priority Critical patent/WO2021087641A1/zh
Priority to US17/773,869 priority patent/US20220417713A1/en
Publication of WO2021087641A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021087641A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
    • H04W40/10—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on available power or energy

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  • the invention belongs to the field of information technology and relates to a real-time monitoring system for the force balance of a building based on a passive sensor network.
  • the present invention proposes to make it receive the electric energy provided by the radio frequency signal acquisition module, and charge the pressure sensor through radio frequency, without the need for battery replacement, and the power supply is more convenient.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a passive sensor network building force balance monitoring system including several nodes arranged in the same building surface of the building or in the supporting surface of a bridge.
  • the nodes are mainly composed of a pressure sensor module, a radio frequency signal acquisition module, and a network module.
  • the sensing surface of the pressure sensor module collects building pressure information and transmits it to the pressure sensor module.
  • the pressure sensor module receives the electric energy provided by the radio frequency signal acquisition module and converts the pressure information into data, which can be uploaded to the network through the network module, and the radio frequency signal If the capacity of the acquisition module is less than the set threshold, the pressure sensor module enters the sleep state.
  • the radio frequency signal acquisition module collects radio frequency signals and converts them into electrical energy.
  • the pressure sensor module sleeps. The state is converted to an active state and data collection or transmission can be carried out.
  • the node has a pebble-shaped shell, each module is located in the shell, and the sensing surface of the pressure sensor module is part or all of the top surface of the pebble shell, and the pressure sensor module and the pressure sensor module pass through a data transmission rod Connect and transmit signals.
  • the role conversion method is used for data transmission between two adjacent nodes.
  • the present invention makes a pressure monitoring system with a passive pressure sensor into a "smart pebble" (the shell is in the shape of a pebble), which is embedded in the building, and the force on the support interface of each building in the building and bridge construction is real-time Monitoring, the system can immediately give an alarm when the force in a certain area of the building is seriously beyond its force range, and give a warning indicator flashing to give a warning. While real-time monitoring of the force on the main support interface of the building is realized, the waste of battery energy of the sensor is reduced, and the quality and safety of the building are effectively improved. And the monitoring area can be monitored all-weather without blind spots. Overcome the limitations of existing sensors used in buildings.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a building force balance monitoring system based on a passive sensor network
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of superframe adjustment, where (a) is the frame adjustment when the charging rate of the child node is greater than that of the parent node, and (b) is the frame adjustment when the charging rate of the child node is less than the parent node;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of superframe extension
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of superframe reduction
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the role switching mechanism, in which (a) is a data transmission diagram, (b) is a role switching diagram performed by a node in a continuous work cycle;
  • Figure 6 is a node layout diagram, in which (a) is a partial structure diagram of the bridge, (b) is a support network layout diagram; (c) is a pavement network layout diagram;
  • Figure 7 is a tree-shaped network topology routing diagram, in which (a) is a support network routing diagram, (b) a road network routing diagram, (c) a bridge total network routing diagram, (d) a total network routing diagram;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the early warning indicator light structure
  • Figure 9 is a flow chart of node information transmission.
  • Pressure sensing module 2. Data transmission rod, 3. Pressure sensor module, 4. Radio frequency signal acquisition module, 5. Warning indicator, 6. Road node network, 7. Bridge deck, 8. Support node network, 9. .Support rod, 10. Capacitor, 11. Power cord, 12. Smart pebble.
  • Embodiment 1 A passive sensor network building force balance monitoring system, including several nodes arranged in the same building surface of the building or in the supporting surface of the bridge, the nodes are mainly composed of pressure sensor modules and radio frequency signal collection It consists of a module and a network module.
  • the sensing surface of the pressure sensor module collects building pressure information and transmits it to the pressure sensor module.
  • the pressure sensor module receives the electric energy provided by the radio frequency signal acquisition module, converts the pressure information into data, and uploads it to the network through the network module If the capacity of the radio frequency signal acquisition module is less than the set threshold, the pressure sensor module enters the sleep state. At this time, the radio frequency signal acquisition module collects radio frequency signals and converts them into electrical energy. When the electrical energy storage reaches a high set threshold, the pressure sensor The module changes from the sleep state to the active state for data collection or transmission.
  • the node has a pebble-shaped shell, each module is located in the shell, and the sensing surface of the pressure sensing module is part or all of the top surface of the pebble shell.
  • the pressure sensor module and the pressure sensor module are connected through a data transmission rod and perform signal transmission.
  • the building force balance monitoring system of the passive sensor network implements a time synchronization method for data transmission between nodes, so that two adjacent nodes wake up synchronously, and data can be transmitted between two adjacent nodes .
  • the data transmission between two adjacent nodes uses a role conversion method.
  • the node data transmission method through the time synchronization method, the two adjacent nodes are waked up synchronously, the two Adjacent nodes are synchronized in time. After waking up, the node judges its data cache, if:
  • Scenario 1 The data cache of the node is less than the threshold, and the node acts as a parent node to collect data without transmitting data, and calculate whether its remaining energy can collect data and make the data cache greater than the threshold;
  • the node If the remaining energy is sufficient to maintain the data cache greater than the threshold, calculate the next synchronization wake-up time of the node and its neighboring parent node, and at the time of this wake-up, if the data cache is greater than the threshold, the node is converted to a child node Role, transfer and collect data, without collecting data, when its energy is exhausted and enter the sleep state, waiting for the next time to wake up synchronously;
  • Scenario 2 The data cache of the node is greater than the threshold, and the node acts as a child node to transmit data without collecting data, and calculate whether its remaining energy can transmit the data in the data cache to the data cache is less than the threshold;
  • the node If the remaining energy is sufficient to maintain the data cache greater than the threshold, calculate the next synchronization wake-up time of the node and its neighboring child nodes, and at the time of this wake-up, if the data cache is less than the threshold, the node is converted to a parent node
  • the character collects data without transmitting data. When its energy is exhausted, it enters the sleep state and waits for the next time to wake up synchronously.
  • time synchronization method there are two situations between adjacent parent and child nodes: one is that the superframe of the child node is greater than The superframe size of the parent node. The other is that the superframe size of the parent node is larger than the superframe size of the child node.
  • the adjustment method is: change the size of the superframe in one node and keep the size of the superframe unchanged in the other node. , In order to realize the time synchronization of the two nodes.
  • the synchronization method for the first case is: when the charging rate of the child node is faster than the charging rate of the parent node, the size of the child superframe will be smaller than the size of the parent superframe.
  • the beacon message of the node's superframe time information is used to determine the start time of the next frame of the parent node.
  • the child node uses the beacon information to adjust its superframe to make its frame start time Align with the start time of the parent node, add a duty cycle to the end of the sub-superframe to extend it.
  • the child node wakes up and starts to consume a predetermined energy, then goes back to sleep and starts again Charge so that the energy at the beginning of the duty cycle is equal to the energy at the end of the duty cycle, the size of the superframe between the parent and child nodes is equal, and the node time is synchronized.
  • the method of calculating the time for the child node to wake up and start to consume the predetermined energy is: n*t time has been transmitted in the frame before the child node receives the beacon message, Tc is the time spent on energy, Tc is calculated as follows: T1 is the remaining time in the current frame, T2 is the sleep time in the duty cycle, T3 is the time occupied by the secondary duty cycle, T3 is the sum of the time Tc and Th, and Tc is the consumption of some energy The time spent, Th is the time required to collect these energy, the time it takes for the parent node to start the next frame, Tparent is the sum of T1, T2, and T3, that is
  • the energy consumed during the secondary duty cycle or adjustment time must be equal to the energy harvested during the same duty cycle, namely:
  • the total time the child node spends in the current superframe is equal to the sum of the time the child node has spent, the time remaining in the current awake state, and the time required for the child node to fully charge:
  • the synchronization method for the second case is: when the charging rate of the child node is slower than the charging rate of the parent node, the size of the child superframe will be larger than the size of the parent superframe.
  • the child The node has passed the n*t time of the frame and left part of the energy. Calculate how long the child node should continue in the current frame to align itself to the parent node. The child node shrinks its duty cycle to make the child node and The parent node is aligned.
  • T1 is the time for the child node to continue the current frame and consume energy
  • T2 is the time required for the child node to fully charge
  • T1 The calculation method is as follows:
  • the remaining energy in the child node is calculated from the energy it has consumed in the current frame, expressed by the following formula:
  • T1*Rc1 (T2*Rh1)-((n*t)*Rc)
  • T1*Rc1 ⁇ (Tparent-T1)*Rh1 ⁇ -((n*t)*Rc)
  • n is the operating cycle
  • t is the time of each cycle
  • Ec is the energy consumed
  • Eh is the energy harvested
  • Rh is the energy collection rate
  • Rc is the energy consumption rate
  • Eleft is the remaining energy
  • Efull is the total energy
  • Tchild is the total time spent by the child node in the current superframe
  • Rc1 is the energy consumption rate of the child node continuing the current frame
  • Rh1 is the energy collection rate of the child node continuing the current frame.
  • the node that sends the data is the child node, and the node that receives the data sends the data from the first node to the third node.
  • the first node must forward the data to the second node, and the second node stores the data in the buffer. Then the second node transfers the data to the third node as a continuous message flow.
  • the data can only be transferred to one node at a time.
  • the second node has two different roles in data transfer, the parent node and the child node;
  • the second node is in the role of the parent node, and it receives the data packet sent by the first node as the child node;
  • the second node switches its role to a child node, and forwards the data packet to the third node as the parent node;
  • the second node makes a role change in the process, the second node plays one of the two roles at different times according to specific conditions, and determines the role that the second node currently needs to play according to the buffer size of the second node;
  • the second node When the buffer space in the second node is free and can accept data from other nodes, the second node acts as the parent node and receives the data transmitted by its child nodes; when the buffer of the second node is full and cannot accept the change In the case of multiple data packets, the second node acts as a child node, and the second node as a child node sends data to the parent node to release buffer space.
  • the second node switches from the role of the parent node to the role of the child node; when the buffer of the second node reaches 10% of the full capacity, the second node changes from the child The role switches to the parent role.
  • a node acts as a parent node, it fixes a reference point in the time dimension. After the node is converted from a parent node to a child node, the original child node of the node may still be waiting to communicate with it. The node needs to record its own frame displacement. Re-adjust itself back to its reference point to switch back to the role of the original parent node and communicate with the original child node again; the method to calculate the frame displacement is:
  • the method for synchronous transmission of pressure collection data distributed across multiple nodes in a building includes the following steps:
  • the method of arranging nodes is: arranging the nodes in the same building surface of the building or arranging the nodes in multiple areas in the supporting surface of the bridge.
  • the support surface of the bridge includes the support surface of the bridge support and the bridge span pavement.
  • the support surface of the bridge support distributes more nodes. For an area where nodes are laid, there is an area where nodes are laid out symmetrically. , And the node layout surface is symmetrical as a whole, so that data comparison can be made on whether the symmetrical area is pressure balanced.
  • the method for building a tree-shaped network route for a bridge is: a route composed of nodes of a bridge support, and the name of each node on it is composed of the number of the support-the code of the support-the number of the node; the bridge has more A bridge support, a route composed of pavement nodes between every two adjacent supports, the name of each node on it is composed of the number of the pavement-the code of the pavement-the number of the node; all the supports and all the pavements are composed
  • the large network is shown in the figure, and the total routing is formed.
  • the data transmitted through the network of each bridge support and the road surface analyzes the force of the entire bridge. According to the established network route, the node transmits the data to the management platform through the route.
  • a node in a certain network transmits the data to the network route, and then transmits it through a parent route on the route network, and transmits it all the way up, and finally transmits it to the management platform through the sink node and the Internet for receiving and receiving data. Force method analysis.
  • each node obtains the status of each node, including sleep/wake state and energy use state.
  • the node needs to know the information of neighboring nodes and obtain it by sending information signals.
  • the operation of the node is in the awake state.
  • the nodes in the network have their own data transmission slot numbers, and each operation cycle will be allocated according to the number of hops of the route for node data transmission.
  • the method of node data transmission is: first the node collects the force information, and then saves it in the local cache, senses the synchronization period of the neighbor nodes, and through time synchronization, judges the remaining energy of the current node according to the data size of the node and the distance between the neighbor nodes. Whether it can meet its energy requirements for processing data, and use the role switching method for node data transmission according to whether the buffer data reaches the threshold.
  • the specific transmission method of the node data transmission method is the node data transmission method in the above embodiment.
  • the early warning indicator system is set at the entrances of both ends of the bridge and on both sides of each section of the road, which is mainly composed of early warning indicators and radio frequency signal collection
  • the module collects radio frequency signals, converts it into electrical energy, and connects to the capacitor through the power line to store the electrical energy in the capacitor.
  • the node performs energy collection, and if the capacity of the capacitor is detected When the reserve is full, the node enters a dormant state and no longer collects radio frequency signals.
  • the purpose is to store and supply radio frequency power because the warning indicator needs a stable and longer power supply, which can improve the stability of power supply.
  • the pressure sensor to collect data and transmit data is instantaneous, real-time supply can meet its needs.
  • the early warning indicator system receives the analysis results given by the management platform and the warning information of the road network. If the part of the road is overloaded, a light alarm is issued.
  • the early warning indicator is supported by the support rod, and the early warning indicator system and the capacitor pass through the power supply. Wire connection, the support rod is connected to the shell in which the capacitor is installed, and the shell supports the bottom.
  • the warning includes:
  • the two end nodes of the same support carry out force collection. By comparing the collected force and the pressure that the support can withstand, it is judged whether the force bearing is overloaded, if it occurs If the force is too heavy, the overload warning will be uploaded to the management terminal. At the same time, the warning indicators at both ends of the support will turn on yellow. If the force is continuously overloaded, the warning indicator will turn red, and the data will be uploaded to the management terminal for processing. If the seat is balanced (within the normal range), the green light will be on.
  • Road warning Detect data on the same section of the road. If there is an overload on a certain side of the road or in a certain area, the warning indicators at both ends of the road will turn on yellow. If the overload continues, the red lights will turn on and the data will be uploaded. To the management end processing.
  • the collected data can be used to predict the use of bridges.
  • the data uploaded by each support network and road network are saved, and the data is analyzed through big data technology to obtain a diagram of changes in the bridge force, which can predict the bridge’s performance. Service life, so that dangerous accidents that may occur due to the long service life of the bridge can be prevented in advance.
  • the intelligent pebble network real-time monitoring of the force balance method of the building adopted by the present invention can monitor the force status of the building and its safety status in real time. According to the collected force information, it is judged whether the current building is in a normal and safe state. If the force is unbalanced, that is, the side force is too large, so that it exceeds its bearing range, an alarm will be issued and the treatment will be made in time, such as Figure 9.
  • the waste of energy and resources is reduced, and the life cycle of the sensor is increased.
  • the method is used in house construction and bridge construction, which will greatly increase the safety of the building.
  • the passive pressure sensor is made into "intelligent pebble", embedded in the building, and real-time monitoring of the force of each building support interface in the building construction and bridge construction.
  • the system can show the force of a certain area in the building When the force range is severely exceeded, an alarm will be issued immediately, and a warning indicator will flash and a warning will be given. While real-time monitoring of the force on the main support interface of the building is realized, the waste of battery energy of the sensor is reduced, and the quality and safety of the building are effectively improved. And the monitoring area can be monitored all-weather without blind spots. Overcome the limitations of existing sensors used in buildings.
  • the invention uses passive sensors and passive sensor network data transmission, obtains radio frequency signals in the environment and converts them into electrical energy to provide energy for the sensors, thereby reducing the waste of funds.
  • the use of this method can make the sensor work all the time, increasing the life cycle of the sensor network.
  • the smart pebbles can be embedded in buildings because of their shape, which can more realistically detect the force of buildings and monitor the safety status of buildings in real time.
  • the pressure sensor is also called the load cell.
  • the intelligent pebble network composed of a large number of passive pressure sensors can collect the overall force information of buildings or bridges, detect construction safety or house quality in buildings, or predict the service life of buildings, etc. provide data.
  • the smart pebble collects data in the active state and collects energy in the sleep state, and the smart pebble network can work continuously. Its huge data collection and detection potential make it have great application prospects in detecting the overall force information of the bridge structure or the safety information of the building, and the use of passive sensor modules reduces the number of batteries compared to traditional battery sensors. Replacement, consumption, reduce maintenance costs.
  • the hardware technology principle on which the present invention is based is mainly the communication technology of the sensor network.
  • the innovations in the application of the present invention are mainly embodied in: the smart pebble is embedded in the force interface of the building to collect force data; the data transmission technology in the smart pebble network.
  • Embodiment 2 As shown in Fig. 1 is a structure diagram of a smart pebble, which is composed of a pressure sensor module, a data transmission rod, a radio frequency signal acquisition module, and a pressure sensor module.
  • the pressure sensor module senses pressure information and transmits it to the pressure sensor module through the data transmission rod.
  • the pressure sensor module uses the electric energy provided by the radio frequency signal acquisition module to convert and analyze the pressure information into data, and upload it to the routing network for processing through the built-in antenna.
  • the radio frequency signal acquisition module enters the sleep state to collect radio frequency signals and convert them into electric energy.
  • the electric energy storage reaches a high threshold, it changes from the sleep state to the active state for data collection.
  • the first algorithm, time synchronization mechanism divide time into slot, frame, adjust time and super frame. Each frame contains multiple slots, and each slot can transmit and receive independently.
  • the problem of inability to transmit data due to time imsynchronization between adjacent nodes is solved by changing the size of the superframe in one node while keeping the size unchanged in the other node. Two situations often occur between adjacent parent and child nodes: one is that the superframe of the child node is larger than the superframe size of the parent node. The other is that the superframe size of the parent node is larger than the superframe size of the child node.
  • Specific method It receives a beacon message from the parent node, which contains information about the super frame time of the parent node, which can be used to determine the start time of the parent node's next frame. Now, the child node uses this information and checks how it adjusts its superframe so that its frame start time is aligned with the start time of the parent node. If the superframe size of the parent node is larger than its own superframe, then it decides to extend its superframe. As shown in Figure 3, before the child node receives the beacon message, n*t time has been passed in the frame. T1 is the remaining time in the current frame, and T2 is the sleep time in the duty cycle. T3 is the time occupied by the secondary duty cycle. T3 is divided into Tc and Th, where Tc is the time it takes to consume some energy, and Th is the time it takes to collect the energy. We need to calculate the energy consumption time Tc of the child node.
  • Time T3 is the sum of time Tc and Th, and the time Tparent used by the parent node to start the next frame is the sum of T1, T2, and T3, namely:
  • the energy consumed during the secondary duty cycle or adjustment time must be equal to the energy harvested during the same duty cycle, namely:
  • the total time the child node spends in this superframe is equal to the sum of the time the child node has spent, the time remaining in the current awake state, and the time required for the child node to fully charge, namely:
  • the child node can expand its superframe to align with the parent node.
  • the frame size needs to be reduced to achieve synchronization between nodes.
  • the specific method is as follows: The parent node is aligned, and the child node needs to shrink its own duty cycle, as shown in Figure 4.
  • a child node When receiving the beacon information, a child node has passed the n*t time of the frame and left a certain amount of energy. After this energy is left, the child node needs to calculate how long it should continue in the current frame to align itself to the parent node.
  • T1 is the time for the child node to continue the current frame and consume energy
  • T2 is the time for the child node to fully charge.
  • the remaining energy (ELeft) in the child node can be calculated from the energy it has consumed in the current frame. This can be expressed by the following formula:
  • T1*Rc1 (T2*Rh1)-((n*t)*Rc)
  • T1*Rc1 ⁇ (Tparent-T1)*Rh1 ⁇ -((n*t)*Rc)
  • the child node can shrink its superframe to align with the parent node.
  • n is the operating cycle
  • t is the time of each cycle
  • Ec is the energy consumed
  • Eh is the energy harvested
  • Rh is the energy collection rate
  • Rc is the energy consumption rate
  • Eleft is the remaining energy
  • Efull is the total energy
  • Tchild is the total time spent by the child node in the current superframe
  • Rc1 is the energy consumption rate of the child node continuing the current frame
  • Rh1 is the energy collection rate of the child node continuing the current frame.
  • the second algorithm, role conversion mechanism is a more important improvement, a node can simultaneously transmit data with lower or higher layer nodes.
  • node 4 in order to send data from node 4 to node 2, node 4 must forward the data to node 3.
  • Node 3 stores this data in the buffer, and then passes it to node 2. This is a continuous flow of messages, and messages can be delivered to one node at a time. Therefore, the node must play two different roles, namely the parent node and the child node. First, node 3 acts as a parent node and accepts the data packet of node 4, then switches its role to a child node and forwards the data packet to node 2.
  • a node can play either of these two roles according to specific conditions.
  • the buffer size of the node is used to determine the role the node needs to play.
  • the node acts as a parent.
  • the node's buffer is full and cannot accept more data packets, the node will act as a child node.
  • the child node needs to send data to the parent node to release the buffer space.
  • the threshold for switching from the parent role to the child role is 80% of the full capacity, and the threshold for switching from the child role to the parent role is 10% of the full capacity.
  • the upper threshold is set to reserve a certain buffer to receive your own sensory data, and the lower threshold is set to maximize the transmission of data.
  • Figure 5(b) shows an example of a node completing role switching in four working cycles.
  • the node fixes a reference point in the time dimension when acting as a parent node.
  • the duty cycle shown in the first row is for reference only to demonstrate the shift of the duty cycle due to frame shift.
  • the duty cycle displayed on the second line is the actual duty cycle used by the node.
  • the method used for monitoring in the building is divided into three steps in total: the design of the node layout and network routing in the building, the time synchronization and data transmission of the smart pebble node, and the pressure Detect automatic alarm mechanism.
  • the design of this structure the wiring problem in traditional wired sensors and the battery waste problem in wireless sensor networks are effectively solved.
  • embedded smart nodes the real-time force condition of the overall bridge can be detected more realistically, so that bad events (unbalanced force or bridge damage) can be predicted, and emergency events can be dealt with in a timely manner to avoid accidents.
  • Step 1 Node layout and network routing design in the building:
  • Node layout In this part, the smart pebble node needs to be deployed in the same building surface of the building.
  • the node can be embedded in the building, or the smart pebble can be embedded in the supporting surface of the bridge to evenly deploy the nodes.
  • the distance between adjacent nodes is kept at a certain size.
  • Figure 6 (a) is a part of the structure of the bridge, (b) shows the intelligent pebble layout diagram of the bridge support, and (c) the intelligent pebble on the road surface of the bridge
  • the smart pebble mainly detects the stress of the bridge support and the bridge span pavement.
  • the bridge support is the main support point. More intelligent pebble nodes will be distributed on the bridge support to obtain the support of the support.
  • the bridge support is divided into two parts, as shown in Figure 6(b).
  • the same smart pebbles are allocated to the left and right parts. By analyzing the forces of the two parts, it is judged whether the support is balanced. The same smart pebbles are equally distributed on the road surface of the bridge. Like the support, it is also divided into two parts. In the later data collection, the force of these two parts will be collected to compare the force of the two parts at the symmetrical position. And compare the force of each node to analyze whether the force of the bridge is balanced.
  • the smart pebble node needs to collect radio frequency signals to store energy. After the node energy storage is completed, the node location technology is used to locate the node, and then the tree network routing is constructed.
  • the data transmission process of the smart pebble is similar to the tree structure, in which data is transmitted from the child node to the parent node, and the parent node transmits the data to the management platform, and the tree routing is easy to expand. As shown in Figure 7(a), this is a route composed of intelligent pebble nodes of a support.
  • Each node is composed of support number-support code-node number, so that you can distinguish which support the network is which For routing, if you need to add more routing, you can add nodes to the child nodes of the routing network, which is easier to expand.
  • this is a route composed of intelligent pebble nodes on a pavement.
  • a bridge is supported by many supports.
  • a section of the road between every two supports forms an intelligent pebble network to establish a route.
  • the number of the pavement-the code of the pavement-the number of the node so that you can tell where the pavement is on the bridge, and you can quickly find its location when a force warning appears.
  • the node transmits the data to the administrator via the route.
  • the node in a certain network transmits the data to the network route, and then transmits it through a parent route on the route network, and continues to transmit upward.
  • it is transmitted to the management platform through the sink node and the Internet, and the management platform makes processing according to the data information.
  • This part first obtains the state of each node, that is, sleep/wake state and energy usage information.
  • nodes After forming the network, nodes need to know the information of neighboring nodes and obtain it by sending information signals. The operation of the nodes is carried out in the wake-up state. The nodes in the network have their own data transmission slot numbers. Each operation cycle will be allocated according to the number of hops of the routing.
  • the intelligent pebble node collects the force information of the building , And then save it to the local cache, sense the synchronization period of the neighbor nodes, perform time synchronization through formula 5 and formula 9, and then judge whether the energy consumed is greater than the remaining energy of the node according to the data size of the node and the distance between the neighbor nodes . Then the node uses the role switching mechanism to transfer data according to the size of the buffer area.
  • the early warning indicator structure is shown in Figure 8. It is composed of a capacitor, an early warning indicator, and smart pebbles.
  • the smart pebbles in this structure are collected by radio frequency signals and converted into electrical energy and stored in the capacitor. When it is detected that the capacity of the capacitor is lower than a certain reserve capacity , Then proceed to energy harvesting, otherwise, enter the dormant state. At the same time, it will receive the analysis results given by the management platform and the warning information of the road network. If the part of the road is overloaded, it will give a light alarm.
  • the intelligent pebble nodes at both ends of the same support collect the force. By comparing the collected force and the pressure that the support can withstand, it is judged whether the force bearing is overloaded, and if the force is too heavy , The overload warning will be uploaded to the management terminal, and the warning indicators at both ends of the support will turn on yellow. If the overload is continued, the warning indicator will turn red, and the data will be uploaded to the management terminal for processing. Balance (within the normal range), the green light is on.
  • Road warning Detect data on the same section of the road. If there is an overload on a certain side of the road or in a certain area, the warning indicators at both ends of the road will turn on yellow. If the overload continues, the red lights will turn on and the data will be uploaded. To the management end processing.
  • Bridge usage forecast save the data uploaded by each support network and road network, analyze the data through big data technology, and get the change map of the bridge force, which can predict the service life of the bridge, so that it can be prevented in advance A dangerous accident caused by a bridge that has been used for too long.
  • the intelligent pebble network real-time monitoring of the force balance method of the building adopted by the present invention can monitor the force status of the building and its safety status in real time. According to the collected force information, it is judged whether the current building is in a normal and safe state. If the force is unbalanced, that is, the side force is too large, so that it exceeds its bearing range, an alarm will be issued and the treatment will be made in time, such as Figure 9.
  • the waste of energy and resources is reduced, and the life cycle of the sensor is increased.
  • the method is used in house construction and bridge construction, which will greatly increase the safety of the building.

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Abstract

无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统，属于信息技术领域，为了解决建筑受力监测中，压力传感器更为容易充电的问题，包括布设到建筑物的同一建筑面内或者布设在桥梁的支撑面内的若干节点，节点主要由压力传感器模块、射频信号采集模块、网络模块组成，压力感应模块的感应面采集建筑物压力信息并传输到压力传感器模块，压力传感器模块接收射频信号采集模块提供的电能，并对压力信息转换成数据，能通过网络模块上传到网络，效果是压力传感器更为容易充电。

Description

无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统 技术领域
本发明属于信息技术领域，涉及一种基于无源传感器网络的建筑物受力平衡实时监测系统。
背景技术
在建筑物安全检测方面，国内最初常用的X射线法、涡流法、光学诊断法等，是通过对局部建筑物的检测来判断整体建筑物的安全状况，但是这种检测方法存在很大的缺点。随着信息技术的发展，后来有人使用光纤通讯技术来对远程的建筑物进行检测。但是这种方法的使用区域和性能都有限制。在之后人们开始使用无线传感器来对桥结构进行安装布设，检测其健康情况。但是在整个桥结构中都布设传感器，如果桥结构比较小还可以，但是桥结构很大的话，需要布设的传感器数量是大量的。现在有很多的研究者将无线传感器应用到建筑物中，来定时检测建筑物的信息，相比之前的一些方法，提高了数据的准确性和整体性能。但是传统的无线传感器是电池进行供电，一旦传感器电池没有电量之后，传感器网络则无法进行工作。并且在后期的电池更换过程中需要消耗大量的人力物力，大量的电池更换也会造成环境的浪费，长时间的更换也造成大量的资金浪费。
发明内容
为了解决建筑受力监测中，压力传感器更为容易充电的问题，本发明提出使得其接收射频信号采集模块提供的电能，通过射频对压力传感器充电，无需进行电池更换，供电更为方便，为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统，包括布设到建筑物的同一建筑面内或者布设在桥梁的支撑面内的若干节点，节点主要由压力传感器模块、射频信号采集模块、网络模块组成，压力感应模块的感应面采集建筑物压力信息并传输到压力传感器模块，压力传感器模块接收射频信号采集模块提供的电能，并对压力信息转换成数据，能通过网络模块上传到网络，射频信号采集模块电容量小于设定阈值，则压力传感器模块进入睡眠状态，此时由射频信号采集模块进行射频信号采集并转化成电能，当电能存量达到一个高的设定阈值，则压力传感器模块由睡眠状态转换成活跃状态并能够进行数据采集或传输。
进一步的，所述的节点，其具有卵石形的外壳，各模块位于外壳内，且压力感应模块的感应面是卵石外壳的部分或全部的顶部面，压力感应模块与压力传感器模块通过数据传输杆连接并进行信号传递。
进一步的，其执行节点之间的数据传输的时间同步方法，使得相邻两节点间同步唤醒，能够在两个相邻节点间传输数据，两个相邻节点间使用角色转换方法进行数据的传输。
有益效果：本发明将具有无源压力传感器的压力监测系统做成“智能卵石”(外壳为卵石形状)，嵌在建筑物中，对楼房建筑、桥梁建筑中各个建筑物支撑界面的受力实时监测，系统能够在建筑物出现某一区域的受力严重超出其受力范围时立即发出报警，并给出预警指示灯闪烁发出警告。实现了对建筑物的主要支撑界面进行实时的监测其受力的同时，减少了传感器的电池能源的浪费，有效的提高建筑物的质量安全。且对监测区域可进行全天候无盲点的监测。克服了现有传感器在建筑物中使用的限制。
附图说明
图1是无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统的结构示意图；
图2是超帧调整示意图，其中(a)是子节点的充电速率大于父节点时的帧调整，(b)是是子节点的充电速率小于父节点时的帧调整；
图3是超帧扩展示意图；
图4是超帧缩减示意图；
图5是角色转换机制示意图，其中(a)是数据传输图，(b)是由节点在连续工作周期中执行的角色切换图；
图6是节点布设图，其中(a)是桥梁部分结构图，(b)是支座网络布设图；(c)是路面网络布设图；
图7是树状网络拓扑路由图，其中(a)是支座网络路由图，(b)路面网络路由图，(c)桥梁总网络路由图，(d)总的网络路由图；
图8是预警指示灯结构示意图；
图9是节点信息传输的流程图。
1.压力感应模块，2.数据传输杆，3.压力传感器模块，4.射频信号采集模块，5.预警指示灯，6.路面节点网络，7.桥面，8.支座节点网络，9.支撑杆，10.电容，11.电源线，12.智能卵石。
具体实施方式
实施例1:一种无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统，包括布设到建筑物的同一建筑面内或者布设在桥梁的支撑面内的若干节点，节点主要由压力传感器模块、射频信号采集模块、网络模块组成，压力感应模块的感应面采集建筑物压力信息并传输到压力传感器模块，压力传感器模块接收射频信号采集模块提供的电能，并对压力信息转换成数据，通过网络模块上传到网络，射频信号采集模块电容量小于设定阈值，则压力传感器模块进入睡眠状态，此时由射频信号采集模块进行射频信号采集并转化成电能，当电能存量达到一个高的设定阈值，则压力传感器模块由睡眠状态转换成活跃状态，进行数据采集或传输。
进一步的，所述的节点，其具有卵石形的外壳，各模块位于外壳内，且压力感应模块的感应面是卵石外壳的部分或全部的顶部面。
进一步的，压力感应模块与压力传感器模块通过数据传输杆连接并进行信号传递。
进一步的，所述的无源传感器网络的建筑物受力平衡监测系统，执行节点之间的数据传输的时间同步方法，使得相邻两节点间同步唤醒，能够在两个相邻节点间传输数据。
进一步的，两个相邻节点间数据的传输使用角色转换方法。
作为一种优选方案，其也可以作为一种独立的方案，实现两个相邻节点间数据传输的方法，节点数据传输方法，通过时间同步方法，将两个相邻节点同步唤醒，该两个相邻节点时间同步，唤醒后，节点判断其数据缓存，如果：
情形一：该节点的数据缓存小于阈值，该节点作为父节点角色，收集数据，而不传输数据，并计算其剩余能量是否能收集数据并使得数据缓存大于阈值；
若该剩余能量不能足以维持到数据缓存大于阈值，计算该节点与其相邻的子节点的下次同步唤醒时间，当其能量耗尽而进入睡眠状态，等待下次时间同步唤醒；
若该剩余能量足以维持到数据缓存大于阈值，则计算该节点与其相邻的父节点的下次同步唤醒时间，且在本次唤醒时，若能达到数据缓存大于阈值，该节点转换为子节点角色，传输收集数据，而不收集数据，当其能量耗尽而进入睡眠状态，等待下次时间同步唤醒；
情形二：该节点的数据缓存大于阈值，该节点作为子节点角色，传输数据，而不收集数据，并计算其剩余能量是否能将数据缓存中的数据传输至数据缓存小于阈值；
若该剩余能量不能足以维持到数据缓存小于阈值，计算该节点与其相邻的父节点的下次同步唤醒时间，当其能量耗尽而进入睡眠状态，等待下次时间同步唤醒；
若该剩余能量足以维持到数据缓存大于阈值，则计算该节点与其相邻的子节点的下次同步唤醒时间，且在本次唤醒时，若能达到数据缓存小于阈值，该节点转换为父节点角色，收集数据，而不传输数据，当其能量耗尽而进入睡眠状态，等待下次时间同步唤醒。
作为一种优选方案，其也可以作为一种独立的方案，实现两个节点间的时间同步唤醒，即时间同步方法：相邻父子节点之间具有两种情况：一是子节点的超帧大于父节点的超帧大小，另一种是父节点的超帧大小大于子节点超帧大小，调节方法是：在一个节点中更改超帧的大小，并在另一个节点中保持超帧大小不变，以实现两个节点的时间同步。
进一步的，对于第一种情况的同步方法是：当子节点的充电速率快于父节点的充电速率，则会出现子超帧的大小小于父超帧的大小，从父节点接收一个包含关于父节点的超帧时间的信息的信标消息，用来确定父节点的下一帧开始时间，在接收信标信息时，由子节点使用所述信标信息调整其超帧，使它的帧开始时间与父节点的开始时间对齐，在子超帧的末尾添加一个占空比对其扩展，在这个扩展的占空比内，子节点醒来并开始消耗预定的能量，然后回 到睡眠状态并开始再次充电，使得占空比周期开始时的能量等于它结束时的能量，父子节点之间的超帧大小相等，节点时间同步。
进一步的，计算子节点醒来并开始消耗预定的能量的时间的方法是：在子节点接收到信标消息之前，已经在帧中传递了n*t时间，Tc是消耗能量所花费的时间，Tc的计算方法如下：T1是当前帧中剩余的时间，T2是占空比中的睡眠时间，T3是二次占空比占用的时间，T3是时间Tc和Th的和，Tc是消耗一些能量所花费的时间，Th是收集这些能量所需要的时间，父节点开始下一帧所用的时间Tparent是T1与T2与T3的和，即
T1+T2+T3＝Tparent
则:T1+T2+Tc+Th＝Tparent  公式(1)
在二次占空比期间或调整时间内消耗的能量必须等于在相同占空比期间收获的能量，即：
Ec＝Eh，Tc*Rc＝Th*Rh
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000001
将公式(1)带入Th得：
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000002
子节点在当前超帧中花费的总时间等于子节点已经花费的时间、当前唤醒状态下剩余的时间和子节点完全充电所需的时间之和：
T1+T2+(n*t)＝Tchild公式(4)
将公式(3)带入公式(4)得：
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000005
整理得到：
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000006
进一步的，对于第二种情况的同步方法是：当子节点的充电速率慢于父节点的充电速率，则会出现子超帧的大小大于父超帧的大小，在接收信标信息时，子节点已经过帧的n*t时间，并留下了部分能量，计算子节点应该继续当前帧多长时间，才能将自己对齐到父节点，子节点通过收缩自己的占空比，使子节点与父节点对齐。
进一步的，计算子节点应该继续当前帧多长时间，才能将自己对齐到父节点的方法是：T1是子节点继续当前帧并消耗能量的时间，T2是子节点完全充电所需的时间，T1的计算方法如下：
T1+T2＝Tparent  公式(6)
从父节点接收信标消息时，子节点中剩余的能量从它在当前帧中已经消耗的能量中计算出来，用下式表示：
Eleft＝Efull-(n*t)*Rc  公式(7)
子节点的所消耗和收获的能量与剩余能量之和必须等于全部电荷，即：
Efull＝Eleft-(T1*Rc1)+(T2*Rh1)  公式(8)
将公式(7)带入得：
Efull＝{Efull-(n*t)*Rc}-(T1*Rc1)+(T2*Rh1)
T1*Rc1＝(T2*Rh1)-((n*t)*Rc)
将公式(6)带入，得：
T1*Rc1＝{(Tparent-T1)*Rh1}-((n*t)*Rc)
T1*{Rc1+Rh1}＝(Tparent*Rh1)-((n*t)*Rc)
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000007
其中：n是运行的周期，t是每个周期的时间，Ec是消耗的能量，Eh是收获的能量，Rh是能量采集率，Rc是能量消耗率，Eleft是剩余能量，Efull是总的能量，Tchild是子节点在当前超帧中花费的总时间，Rc1是子节点继续当前帧的能量消耗率，Rh1是子节点继续当前帧的能量采集率。
作为一种优选方案，其也可以作为一种独立的方案，能够实现节点的角色转换，在角色切换并回到原来的角色时，能续传数据：
发出数据的节点是子节点，接收数据的节点是将数据从第一节点发送到第三节点，第一节点必须将数据转发到第二节点，第二节点将所述数据存储在缓冲区中，然后第二节点将所述数据传递给第三节点，作为一个连续的消息流，数据一次仅能传递到一个节点，第二节点在数据传递中具有两个不同的角色，父节点和子节点；
首先，第二节点是父节点角色，其接收作为子节点角色的第一节点发出的数据包；
然后，第二节点将其角色切换为子节点，并将该数据包转发给作为父节点角色的第三节点；
上述过程，第二节点在过程中做出角色转换，第二节点根据特定的条件在不同时间扮演两个角色中的一个，根据第二节点的缓冲区大小决定第二节点当前需要扮演的角色；
当第二节点中的缓冲区空间空闲并且可以接受来自其他节点的数据时，第二节点充当父节点的角色，接收其子节点传输的数据；当第二节点的缓冲区已满且不能接受更多数据包时，第二节点充当子节点的角色，作为子节点的第二节点向父节点发送数据，以释放缓冲区空间。
进一步的，当第二节点的缓冲区达到满容量的80％，第二节点从父节点角色切换到子节点的角色；当第二节点的缓冲区达到满容量的10％，第二节点从子角色切换到父角色。
进一步的，节点在充当父节点时在时间维度上固定一个参考点，节点由父节点转换成子节点后，该节点原来的子节点可能还在等待跟它通信，该节点需要记录自己的帧位移，重新调整自己回到它的参考点，以切换回原来父节点的角色，并和原来的子节点再次通信；计算帧位移的方法是：
Shift＝Minimum Duty Cycle Time-Total Frame Shifts
Shift是子节点转换成父节点时的移动的位移，Minimum Duty Cycle Time是最小工作周期,Total Frame Shifts是总的调整时间；
作为一种优选方案，其也可以作为一种独立的方案，建筑多节点分布的压力采集数据的同步传输方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.在建筑物中布设节点、构建网络路由；
S2.获取每个节点的状态和能量使用信息，对于两个相邻节点实现其时间同步，并通过角色转换传输数据。
进一步的，所述布设节点的方法是：节点布设到建筑物的同一建筑面内或者将节点布设在桥梁的支撑面内的多个区域，同一区域布设时将节点进行均等化，相邻节点之间的距离保持一致；桥梁的支撑面内包括桥梁支座的支撑面以及桥跨路面，桥梁支座的支撑面分布更多的节点，对于一个布设节点的区域，具有与其对称的布设节点的区域，而节点布设面在整体呈现对称，从而能够对于对称的区域是否压力平衡进行数据对比。
进一步的，对于桥梁构建树型的网络路由，其方法是：桥梁支座的节点组成的路由，其上每个节点的名称由支座的编号-支座代码-节点的编号组成；桥梁具有多个桥梁支座，每两个相邻支座间的路面节点组成的路由，其上每个节点的名称由路面的编号-路面代码-节点的编号组成；将所有的支座与所有的路面组成大的网络如图，形成的总的路由。
进一步的，通过每个桥梁支座和路面的网络传输的数据对整座桥的受力分析，根据所建立的网络路由，节点将数据经路由传输到管理平台。
进一步的，某一网络中的节点将数据传输给该网络路由，然后再经过该路由网上的一个父路由传输，一直往上传输，最后经过sink节点、因特网，传输给管理平台，用以对受力法分析。
进一步的，获取每个节点的状态，状态包括睡眠/唤醒状态和能量使用状态，组成网络后，节点需要了解相邻节点的信息，通过发出信息信号来获取，节点的运行都是在唤醒状态 下进行，在网络中的节点都有各自的数据传输槽号，每一个运行周期都会根据路由的跳数进行分配进行节点数据传输。
进一步的，节点数据传输的方法是:首先节点采集受力信息，然后保存到当地缓存，感知邻居节点的同步周期，通过时间同步，根据节点的数据大小和邻居节点的间距，判断当前节点剩余能量能否满足其处理数据所消耗的能量需求，并根据缓存区数据是否达到阈值而利用角色转换方法进行节点数据传输，节点数据传输方法的具体传输方法为上述实施例中的节点数据传输方法。
进一步的，还包括步骤S3.对桥梁受力分析后进行的预警报警，在桥的两端入口和每一段路面两侧位置都设置预警指示灯系统，其主要由预警指示灯组成，射频信号采集模块通过射频信号采集，转化成电能，并通过电源线与电容连接，将电能存储到电容内，当检测到电容的电量低于一定的储量，则节点进行能量采集，而若检测到电容的电量储量已满，节点则进入休眠状态，不在对射频信号采集，其目的是由于预警指示灯需要一个维持一个稳定的、更长时间的供电，因而将射频电量存储供给，能够提高供电稳定性，而对于压力传感器采集数据和传输数据具有瞬时性，实时供给能够满足其需求。同时，预警指示灯系统接收管理平台给出的分析结果和路面网络的警告信息，如果该部分路面受力过载，则进行灯光报警，预警指示灯由支撑杆支撑，预警指示灯系统与电容通过电源线连接，支撑杆连接在其内部安装电容的壳体，壳体作出底部的支撑。
进一步的，所述的预警包括：
支座预警：首先，同一支座的两端节点(可选用智能卵石)进行受力采集，通过对比采集到的受力和支座所能承受的压力，来判断受力承重是否过载，如果出现受力过重，则将过载警告上传到管理端，同时支座两端的预警指示灯亮黄灯，如果持续受力过载，则预警指示灯变红，同时将数据上传至管理端进行处理，其他支座如果受力平衡(在正常范围内)，则亮绿灯。
路面预警：检测同一段路面上的数据，如果路面的某一侧或者某一区域出现过载，则该路面两端的预警指示灯亮黄灯，如果持续受力过载，则亮红灯，且将数据上传至管理端处理。
桥两端预警：如果某一段支座或者路面网络出现持续受力过载，则桥头两侧预警等亮红，司机可以根据预警灯知道桥梁出现受力过载，然后禁止驶入桥梁，来避免出现因为受力过载导致的桥梁损坏的危险。
进一步的，采集数据可以用于桥梁使用预测，将每一个支座网络和路面网络上传的数据进行保存，通过大数据技术对其数据进行分析，得出桥梁受力的变化图，可以预测桥梁的使用年限，这样就可以提前预防桥梁因为使用年限过长而出现的危险事故。
本发明采用的智能卵石网络实时监测建筑物受力平衡方法，能够对建筑物进行实时监测起受力状况，以及其安全状况。根据采集到的受力信息进行判断当前建筑物是否处于正常的安全状态，如果出现受力不平衡即侧面受力过大，以至于超出其承受范围时，进行报警警告，及时做出处理，如图9。通过使用智能卵石，减少了能源、资源的浪费，增长了传感器的生命周期，其方法用在房屋建筑、桥梁建筑，会大大增加建筑物的安全性。
本发明将无源压力传感器做成“智能卵石”，镶嵌在建筑物中，对楼房建筑、桥梁建筑中各个建筑物支撑界面的受力实时监测，系统能够在建筑物出现某一区域的受力严重超出其受力范围时立即发出报警，并给出预警指示灯闪烁发出警告。实现了对建筑物的主要支撑界面进行实时的监测其受力的同时，减少了传感器的电池能源的浪费，有效的提高建筑物的质量安全。且对监测区域可进行全天候无盲点的监测。克服了现有传感器在建筑物中使用的限制。
本发明使用无源传感器及无源传感器网络的数据的传输，通过获取环境中的射频信号进行转换成电能为传感器提供能量，减小了资金的浪费。该种方式的使用，可以使传感器一直工作下去，增长了传感器网络的生命周期。而智能卵石以其形状能够嵌入到建筑物中，更真实的检测建筑物受力情况，实时监测建筑物的安全状况。
压力传感器又称称重传感器。对压力敏感较高，由大量无源形式的压力传感器组成的智能卵石网络，能够采集建筑物或桥梁的整体受力信息，对建筑中的施工安全或者房屋质量检测或者预测建筑物的使用年限等提供数据。智能卵石在活跃状态下进行数据采集，睡眠状态下进行能量采集，智能卵石网络可以一直持续的工作下去。其巨大的数据采集、检测潜力使其在检测桥梁结构的整体受力信息或建筑物的安全信息方面有很大的应用前景，并且使用无源传感器模块，相比传统的电池传感器，减少了电池更替、消耗，降低维护成本。本发明所 依据的硬件技术原理主要是传感器网络的通信技术。本发明在应用上的创新点主要体现在：将智能卵石嵌入到建筑物的受力界面内采集受力数据；智能卵石网络中的数据传输技术。
然而，传感器节点之间的数据传输很难达到时间的同步，因为每个节点之间的数据采集速率，能源采集速率，以及能源采集的时间等都不一样。因此容易出现数据传输中的丢失，节点之间的碰撞等问题。在本发明中，针对网络中出现的该问题，提出了时间同步机制、角色转换技术，来实现传感器节点之间的数据传输，提高数据传输的准确性。
实施例2：如图1所示为智能卵石结构图，由压力感应模块、数据传输杆、射频信号采集模块、压力传感器模块组成。压力感应模块感应压力信息，并通过数据传输杆传输到压力感器模块，压力传感器模块利用射频信号采集模块提供的电能对压力信息进行转换分析成数据，并通过内置天线上传到路由网络进行处理。射频信号采集模块当电容量小于一定的阈值，则进入睡眠状态进行射频信号采集并转化成电能，当电能存量达到一个高的阈值，则由睡眠状态转换成活跃状态，进行数据采集。
以下是本发明的核心算法内容：
第一种算法，时间同步机制:将时间分为槽、帧、调整时间和超帧。每一个帧含有多个槽口，每一个插槽都可以独立地进行传输和接收。相邻节点之间由于时间不同步而造成无法数据传输问题，通过在一个节点中更改超帧的大小，同时在另一个节点中保持大小不变来解决该问题。相邻父子节点之间往往会出现两种情况：一是子节点的超帧大于父节点的超帧大小。另一种是父节点的超帧大小大于子节点超帧大小。
对于第一种情况，如图2(a)，当子节点的充电速率快于父节点的，则会出现子超帧的大小小于父超帧的大小。在这种情况下我们将在现有超帧的末尾添加另一个小的占空比来扩展它，在这个扩展的占空比内，子节点将醒来并开始消耗预定的能量，然后回到睡眠状态并开始再次充电。保证这个占空比周期开始时的能量等于它结束时的能量，这样可以保证父子节点之间的超帧大小相等，节点就可以保证时间上的同步。
具体做法：它从父节点接收一个信标消息，其中包含关于父节点的超帧时间的信息，可以用来确定父节点的下一帧开始时间。现在，子节点使用这个信息，并检查它如何调整自己的超帧，使它的帧开始时间与父节点的开始时间对齐。如果父节点的超帧大小大于它自己的超帧，那么它决定扩展它的超帧。如图3所示，在子节点接收到信标消息之前，已经在帧中传递了n*t时间。T1是当前帧中剩余的时间，T2是占空比中的睡眠时间。T3是二次占空比占用的时间。T3又分为Tc和Th，其中Tc是消耗一些能量所花费的时间，Th是收集这些能量所需要的时间。我们需要计算子节点消耗能量的时间Tc。
公式推导如下：
时间T3是时间Tc和Th的和，父节点开始下一帧所用的时间Tparent是T1与T2与T3的和，即：
T1+T2+T3＝Tparent
T1+T2+Tc+Th＝Tparent  公式1
在此二次占空比期间或调整时间内消耗的能量必须等于在相同占空比期间收获的能量，即：
Ec＝Eh，Tc*Rc＝Th*Rh
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000008
将公式1带入Th得：
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000009
此外，子节点在这个超帧中花费的总时间等于子节点已经花费的时间、当前唤醒状态下剩余的时间和子节点完全充电所需的时间之和，即：
T1+T2+(n*t)＝Tchild  公式4
将公式3带入公式4得：
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000012
最后整理得到：
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000013
通过使用公式5，就可以使子节点扩展自己的超帧与父节点对齐。
对于第二种情况，如图1(b)，当子超帧的大小大于父超帧的大小时，需要减小帧的大小来实现节点之间的同步，具体的做法如下：为了使自己与父节点对齐，子节点它需要收缩自己的占空比，如图4。在接收信标信息时，一个子节点已经经过了帧的n*t时间，并留下了一定的能量。剩下这些能量后，子节点需要计算它应该继续当前帧多长时间才能将自己对齐到父节点。T1是子节点继续当前帧并消耗能量的时间，T2是子节点完全充电所需的时间。
T1的推导公式如下：
由图4知：
T1+T2＝Tparent  公式6
从父节点接收信标消息时，子节点中剩余的能量(ELeft)可以从它在当前帧中已经消耗的能量中计算出来。这可以用下式表示：
Eleft＝Efull-(n*t)*Rc  公式7
子节点的所消耗和收获的能量与剩余能量之和必须等于全部电荷。即：
Efull＝Eleft-(T1*Rc1)+(T2*Rh1)  公式8
将公式7带入得：
Efull＝{Efull-(n*t)*Rc}-(T1*Rc1)+(T2*Rh1)
T1*Rc1＝(T2*Rh1)-((n*t)*Rc)
将公式6带入，得：
T1*Rc1＝{(Tparent-T1)*Rh1}-((n*t)*Rc)
T1*{Rc1+Rh1}＝(Tparent*Rh1)-((n*t)*Rc)
Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-000014
通过公式9，子节点就可以收缩自己的超帧与父节点对齐。
其中：n是运行的周期，t是每个周期的时间，Ec是消耗的能量，Eh是收获的能量，Rh是能量采集率，Rc是能量消耗率，Eleft是剩余能量，Efull是总的能量，Tchild是子节点在当前超帧中花费的总时间，Rc1是子节点继续当前帧的能量消耗率，Rh1是子节点继续当前帧的能量采集率。
第二种算法，角色转换机制：角色转换机制是一个比较重要的改进，一个节点可以同时与较低或者较高的层节点进行数据的传输。如下图5(a)，为了将数据从节点4发送到节点2，节点4必须将数据转发到节点3。节点3将此数据存储在缓冲区中，然后将其传递给节点2。这是一个连续的消息流，消息可以一次传递到一个节点。因此，节点必须扮演两个不同的角色，即父节点和子节点。首先，节点3充当父节点并接受节点4的数据包，然后将其角色切换到子节点并将该数据包转发给节点2。在我们的方法中，一个节点可以根据特定的条件扮演这两个角色中的任何一个。节点的缓冲区大小用于决定节点需要扮演的角色。当节点中的缓冲区空间空闲并且可以接受来自其他节点的数据时，节点充当父角色。同样，当节点的缓冲区已满且不能接受更多数据包时，节点将作为子节点。此时，子节点需要向父节点发送数据，以释放缓冲区空间。从父角色切换到子角色的阈值是满容量的80％，子角色切换到父角色的阈值是满容量的10％。设置上阈值是为了保留一定的缓冲区来接收自己的感官数据，设置下阈值是为了最大限度地传输数据。
具体转换如下：
如图5(b)显示了一个节点在四个工作周期内完成角色切换的示例。在开始时，节点在充当父节点时在时间维度上固定一个参考点。第一行所示的占空比仅供参考，以演示由于帧移位而导致的占空比的移动。第二行显示的占空比是节点使用的实际占空比。节点转换成子节点后，它原来的子节点可能还在等待着跟它通信，这个时候这个节点需要记录自己的帧移动了多少，以方便换回原来父节点的状态和原来的子节点通信。下图中在前两个工作周期，节点处于子节点状态，并执行两帧移位以搜索父节点。之后在任务周期3中，准备切换到父角 色。现在node需要计算它需要的帧位移，以便重新调整自己回到它的参考点。帧位移由公式10给出：
Shift＝Minimum Duty Cycle Time-Total Frame Shifts  公式10
Shift是子节点转换成父节点时的移动的位移，Minimum Duty Cycle Time是最小工作周期,Total Frame Shifts是总的调整时间；
算法伪代码：
初始化E0＝0,T＝1,En＝0,H＝0,Et＝{}
设定:z(建筑物受力大小),Eh(节点的电源容量)
1：loop
2:获得在时刻t的能量E(t)
3：if E(t)>Eh
4:数据采集
5：else
6:继续采集能量
7:end if
8：获取邻居节点的时间信息
9：计算时间差tc
10:计算节点的二次占空比信息(公式5，公式9)
11：loop:
12:节点数据传递(角色转换)
13:if Ht>z
14:监测到受力不平衡，系统报警指示
15:令H＝0
16:重新采集受力数据
17:else
18:添加E(t)到Et
19:end if
20:t＝t+1
21:end loop
22:end loop
对于上述智能卵石，其作为一个监测系统，在建筑中用于监测的方法，总共分为三个步骤，建筑物中的节点布设和网络路由的设计、智能卵石节点的时间同步与数据传输、压力检测自动报警机制。通过该结构的设计，有效解决了传统有线传感器中的线路布设问题和无线传感器网络中的电池浪费问题。通过镶嵌智能节点，可以更真实的检测整体桥梁的实时受力情况，这样针对不好的事件(受力不平衡或者桥梁损坏)进行预测，针对突发事件作出及时的处理，避免事故的发生。
步骤1：建筑物中的节点布设和网络路由的设计：
1.1、节点布设：在该部分，需要将智能卵石节点布设到建筑物的同一建筑面内，该节点可以镶嵌到建筑内，或者将智能卵石镶嵌在桥梁的支撑面内，将节点进行均等化布设，相邻节点之间的距离保持一定的大小，例如图6(a)是桥梁的一部分结构，(b)表示的是桥梁中支座的智能卵石布设图,(c)桥梁中路面的智能卵石布设图，智能卵石主要检测的是桥梁支座和桥跨路面部分的受力，桥梁支座是主要支撑点，在桥梁的支座部分会分布更多一些的智能卵石节点，获取支座的受力情况，桥梁支座分成左右两部分，如图6(b),在左右两部分都分配相同的智能卵石，通过分析两部分的受力，来判断支座是否受力平衡。在桥跨路面部分均等分配相同的智能卵石，如支座一样也分成左右两部分，在后期的数据采集中，会采集这两部分的受力，来对比左右两部分相对称位置的受力，以及比较每个节点的受力大小来分析桥梁的受力是否平衡。
1.2、生成网络路由：节点布设完成之后，智能卵石节点需要采集射频信号进行储存能量，当节点能量储存完成之后，利用节点定位技术进行节点定位，然后构建树型网络路由。智能卵石的数据传输过程和树形结构类似，都是从子节点传输数据到父节点，父节点将数据传输到管理平台，而且树型路由容易扩展。如图7(a)，这是一个支座的智能卵石节点组成的 路由，每个节点由支座的编号-支座代码-节点的编号组成，这样可以分清楚这个网络是哪个支座的哪个路由，如果需要再添加路由，则可以将节点添加到路由网络的子节点上，比较容易扩展。如图7(b)，这是一个路面的智能卵石节点组成的路由，一座桥由很多支座支撑，每两个支座之间一段路面，这一段路面组成一个智能卵石网络，建立路由，由路面的编号-路面代码-节点的编号组成，这样就可以分清楚该路面是出于桥梁的哪个位置，出现受力警告时就可以很快发现其位置。最后将所有的支座与所有的路面组成大的网络如图7(c)，最后形成的总的路由，如图7(d),通过每个网络传输的数据来分析整座桥的受力。根据所建立的网络路由，节点将数据经路由传输到管理者，例如图7，某一网络中的节点将数据传输给该网络路由，然后再经过该路由网上一个父路由传输，一直往上传输，最后经过sink节点、因特网，传输给管理平台，管理平台根据数据信息做出处理。
步骤2：
该部分首先获取每个节点的状态，即睡眠/唤醒状态和能量使用信息。组成网络之后，节点需要了解相邻节点的信息，通过发出信息信号来获取。节点的运行都是在唤醒状态下进行，在网络中的节点都有各自的数据传输槽号，每一个运行周期都会根据路由的跳数进行分配，首先智能卵石节点对建筑物进行采集受力信息，然后保存到当地缓存，感知邻居节点的同步周期，通过公式5和公式9进行时间同步，然后根据节点的数据大小和邻居节点之间的距离大小来判断所消耗的能量是否大于节点的剩余能量。然后该节点由根据缓存区的大小来利用角色转换机制进行数据的传输。
步骤3：
预警指示灯工作过程：
该部分主要是对桥梁受力分析后进行的预警报警，在桥的两端入口和每一段路面两侧位置都会有预警指示灯。预警指示灯结构如图8，由电容，预警指示灯，智能卵石组成，该结构中的智能卵石通过射频信号的采集，转化成电能存储到电容内，当检测到电容的电量低于一定的储量，则进行能量采集，反之，则进入休眠状态。同时会接收管理平台给出的分析结果和路面网络的警告信息，如果该部分路面受力过载，则会进行灯光报警。
支座预警：首先，同一支座的两端智能卵石节点进行受力采集，通过对比采集到的受力和支座所能承受的压力，来判断受力承重是否过载，如果出现受力过重，则将过载警告上传到管理端，同时支座两端的预警指示灯亮黄灯，如果持续受力过载，则预警指示灯变红，同时将数据上传至管理端进行处理，其他支座如果受力平衡(在正常范围内)，则亮绿灯。
路面预警：检测同一段路面上的数据，如果路面的某一侧或者某一区域出现过载，则该路面两端的预警指示灯亮黄灯，如果持续受力过载，则亮红灯，且将数据上传至管理端处理。
桥两端预警：如果某一段支座或者路面网络出现持续受力过载，则桥头两侧预警等亮红，司机可以根据预警灯知道桥梁出现受力过载，然后禁止驶入桥梁，来避免出现因为受力过载导致的桥梁损坏的危险。
桥梁使用预测，将每一个支座网络和路面网络上传的数据进行保存，通过大数据技术对其数据进行分析，得出桥梁受力的变化图，可以预测桥梁的使用年限，这样就可以提前预防桥梁因为使用年限过长而出现的危险事故。
本发明采用的智能卵石网络实时监测建筑物受力平衡方法，能够对建筑物进行实时监测起受力状况，以及其安全状况。根据采集到的受力信息进行判断当前建筑物是否处于正常的安全状态，如果出现受力不平衡即侧面受力过大，以至于超出其承受范围时，进行报警警告，及时做出处理，如图9。通过使用智能卵石，减少了能源、资源的浪费，增长了传感器的生命周期，其方法用在房屋建筑、桥梁建筑，会大大增加建筑物的安全性。
以上所述，仅为本发明创造较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明创造的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明创造披露的技术范围内，根据本发明创造的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明创造的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统，其特征在于，包括布设到建筑物的同一建筑面内或者布设在桥梁的支撑面内的若干节点，节点主要由压力传感器模块、射频信号采集模块、网络模块组成，压力感应模块的感应面采集建筑物压力信息并传输到压力传感器模块，压力传感器模块接收射频信号采集模块提供的电能，并对压力信息转换成数据，能通过网络模块上传到网络，射频信号采集模块电容量小于设定阈值，则压力传感器模块进入睡眠状态，此时由射频信号采集模块进行射频信号采集并转化成电能，当电能存量达到一个高的设定阈值，则压力传感器模块由睡眠状态转换成活跃状态并能够进行数据采集或传输。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的无源传感器网络的建筑物受力平衡监测系统，其特征在于，所述的节点，其具有卵石形的外壳，各模块位于外壳内，且压力感应模块的感应面是卵石外壳的部分或全部的顶部面，压力感应模块与压力传感器模块通过数据传输杆连接并进行信号传递。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的无源传感器网络的建筑物受力平衡监测系统，其特征在于，其执行节点之间的数据传输的时间同步方法，使得相邻两节点间同步唤醒，能够在两个相邻节点间传输数据，两个相邻节点间使用角色转换方法进行数据的传输。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统，其特征在于，两个节点基于如下方式实现数据传输：通过时间同步方法，将两个相邻节点同步唤醒，该两个相邻节点时间同步，唤醒后，节点判断其数据缓存，如果：
    情形一：该节点的数据缓存小于阈值，该节点作为父节点角色，收集数据，而不传输数据，并计算其剩余能量是否能收集数据并使得数据缓存大于阈值；
    A.若该剩余能量不能足以维持到数据缓存大于阈值，计算该节点与其相邻的子节点的下次同步唤醒时间，当其能量耗尽而进入睡眠状态，等待下次时间同步唤醒；若该剩余能量足以维持到数据缓存大于阈值，则计算该节点与其相邻的父节点的下次同步唤醒时间，且在本次唤醒时，若能达到数据缓存大于阈值，该节点转换为子节点角色，传输收集数据，而不收集数据，当其能量耗尽而进入睡眠状态，等待下次时间同步唤醒；
    情形二：该节点的数据缓存大于阈值，该节点作为子节点角色，传输数据，而不收集数据，并计算其剩余能量是否能将数据缓存中的数据传输至数据缓存小于阈值；
    若该剩余能量不能足以维持到数据缓存小于阈值，计算该节点与其相邻的父节点的下次同步唤醒时间，当其能量耗尽而进入睡眠状态，等待下次时间同步唤醒；
    若该剩余能量足以维持到数据缓存大于阈值，则计算该节点与其相邻的子节点的下次同步唤醒时间，且在本次唤醒时，若能达到数据缓存小于阈值，该节点转换为父节点角色，收集数据，而不传输数据，当其能量耗尽而进入睡眠状态，等待下次时间同步唤醒。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统，其特征在于，所述的时间同步方法是：相邻父子节点之间具有两种情况：一是子节点的超帧大小大于父节点的超帧大小，另一种是父节点的超帧大小大于子节点超帧大小，调节方法是：在一个节点中更改超帧的大小，并在另一个节点中保持超帧大小不变，以实现两个节点的时间同步。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统，其特征在于，对于第一种情况的同步方法是：当子节点的充电速率快于父节点的充电速率，则会出现子超帧的大小小于父超帧的大小，从父节点接收一个包含关于父节点的超帧时间的信息的信标消息，用来确定父节点的下一帧开始时间，在接收信标信息时，由子节点使用所述信标信息调整其超帧，使它的帧开始时间与父节点的开始时间对齐，在子超帧的末尾添加一个占空比对其扩展，在这个扩展的占空比内，子节点醒来并开始消耗预定的能量，然后回到睡眠状态并开始再次充电，使得占空比周期开始时的能量等于它结束时的能量，父子节点之间的超帧大小相等，节点时间同步；计算子节点醒来并开始消耗预定的能量的时间的方法是：在子节点接收到信标消息之前，已经在帧中传递了n*t时间，Tc是消耗能量所花费的时间，n是运行的周期，t是每个周期的时间，Tc的计算方法如下：T1是当前帧中剩余的时间，T2是占空比中的睡眠时间，T3是二次占空比占用的时间，T3是时间Tc和Th的和，Tc是消耗一些能量所花费的时间，Th是收集这些能量所需要的时间，父节点开始下一帧所用的时间Tparent是T1与T2与T3的和，即
    T1+T2+T3＝Tparent
    则:T1+T2+Tc+Th＝Tparent公式(1)
    在二次占空比期间或调整时间内消耗的能量必须等于在相同占空比期间收获的能量，
    即：Ec＝Eh，Tc*Rc＝Th*Rh
    Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-100001
    Ec是消耗的能量，Eh是收获的能量，Rh是能量采集率，Rc是能量消耗率；
    将公式(1)带入Th得：
    Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-100002
    子节点在当前超帧中花费的总时间等于子节点已经花费的时间、当前唤醒状态下剩余的时间和子节点完全充电所需的时间之和：
    T1+T2+(n*t)＝Tchild公式(4)
    将公式(3)带入公式(4)得：
    Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-100005
    整理得到：
    Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-100006
  7. 如权利要求6所述的无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统，其特征在于，对于第二种情况的同步方法是：当子节点的充电速率慢于父节点的充电速率，则会出现子超帧的大小大于父超帧的大小，在接收信标信息时，子节点已经过帧的n*t时间，并留下了部分能量，计算子节点应该继续当前帧多长时间，才能将自己对齐到父节点，子节点通过收缩自己的占空比，使子节点与父节点对齐；计算子节点应该继续当前帧多长时间，才能将自己对齐到父节点的方法是：T1是子节点继续当前帧并消耗能量的时间，T2是子节点完全充电所需的时间，T1的计算方法如下：
    T1+T2＝Tparent公式(6)
    从父节点接收信标消息时，子节点中剩余的能量从它在当前帧中已经消耗的能量中计算出来，Eleft是剩余能量，Efull是总的能量，用下式表示：
    Eleft＝Efull-(n*t)*Rc公式(7)
    子节点的所消耗和收获的能量与剩余能量之和必须等于全部电荷，即：
    Efull＝Eleft-(T1*Rc1)+(T2*Rh1)公式(8)
    将公式(7)带入得：
    Efull＝{Efull-(n*t)*Rc}-(T1*Rc1)+(T2*Rh1)
    T1*Rc1＝(T2*Rh1)-((n*t)*Rc)
    将公式(6)带入，得：
    T1*Rc1＝{(Tparent-T1)*Rh1}-((n*t)*Rc)
    T1*{Rc1+Rh1}＝(Tparent*Rh1)-((n*t)*Rc)
    Figure PCTCN2019115238-appb-100007
    Rc1:子节点继续当前帧的能量消耗率，Rh1：子节点继续当前帧的能量采集率。
  8. 如权利要求3或4所述的无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统，其特征在于，角色转换的方法是：发出数据的节点是子节点，接收数据的节点是将数据从第一节点发送到第三节点，第一节点必须将数据转发到第二节点，第二节点将所述数据存储在缓冲区中，然后第二节点将所述数据传递给第三节点，作为一个连续的消息流，数据一次仅能传递到一个节点，第二节点在数据传递中具有两个不同的角色，父节点和子节点；首先，第二节点是父节点角色，其接收作为子节点角色的第一节点发出的数据包；然后，第二节点将其角色切换为子节点，并将该数据包转发给作为父节点角色的第三节点；上述过程，第二节点在过程中做出角色转换，第二节点根据特定的条件在不同时间扮演两个角色中的一个，根据第二节点的缓冲 区大小决定第二节点当前需要扮演的角色；当第二节点中的缓冲区空间空闲并且可以接受来自其他节点的数据时，第二节点充当父节点的角色，接收其子节点传输的数据；当第二节点的缓冲区已满且不能接受更多数据包时，第二节点充当子节点的角色，作为子节点的第二节点向父节点发送数据，以释放缓冲区空间。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统，其特征在于，在开始时，节点在充当父节点时在时间维度上固定一个参考点，节点由父节点转换成子节点后，该节点原来的子节点可能还在等待跟它通信，该节点需要记录自己的帧位移，重新调整自己回到它的参考点，以切换回原来父节点的角色，并和原来的子节点再次通信；
    计算帧位移的方法是：
    Shift＝Minimum Duty Cycle Time-Total Frame Shifts
    Shift是子节点转换成父节点时的移动的位移，Minimum Duty Cycle Time是最小工作周期，Total Frame Shifts是总的调整时间。
  10. 一种建筑多节点分布的压力采集数据的同步传输方法，其特征在于：由权利要求1-9任一项所述的无源传感器网络的建筑受力平衡监测系统作为所述节点；该方法包括如下步骤：
    S1.在建筑物中布设节点、构建网络路由；
    S2.获取每个节点的状态和能量使用信息，对于两个相邻节点实现其时间同步，并通过角色转换传输数据；
    S3.对桥梁受力分析后进行的预警报警；
    其中：
    所述布设节点的方法是：节点布设到建筑物的同一建筑面内或者将节点布设在桥梁的支撑面内的多个区域，同一区域布设时将节点进行均等化，相邻节点之间的距离保持一致；桥梁的支撑面内包括桥梁支座的支撑面以及桥跨路面，桥梁支座的支撑面分布更多的节点，对于一个布设节点的区域，具有与其对称的布设节点的区域，而节点布设面在整体呈现对称，从而能够对于对称的区域是否压力平衡进行数据对比；
    对于桥梁构建树型的网络路由的方法是：桥梁支座的节点组成的路由，其上每个节点的名称由支座的编号-支座代码-节点的编号组成；桥梁具有多个桥梁支座，每两个相邻支座间的路面节点组成的路由，其上每个节点的名称由路面的编号-路面代码-节点的编号组成；将所有的支座与所有的路面组成大的网络如图，形成的总的路由；
    获取每个节点的状态和能量使用信息的方法是：获取每个节点的状态，状态包括睡眠/唤醒状态和能量使用状态，组成网络后，节点需要了解相邻节点的信息，通过发出信息信号来获取，节点的运行都是在唤醒状态下进行，在网络中的节点都有各自的数据传输槽号，每一个运行周期都会根据路由的跳数进行分配进行节点数据传输；
    节点数据传输的方法是:首先节点采集受力信息，然后保存到当地缓存，感知邻居节点的同步周期，通过时间同步，根据节点的数据大小和邻居节点的间距，判断当前节点剩余能量能否满足其处理数据所消耗的能量需求，并根据缓存区数据是否达到阈值而利用角色转换方法进行节点数据传输；
    对桥梁受力分析后进行的预警报警的方法是：在桥的两端入口和每一段路面两侧位置都设置预警指示灯系统，其主要由预警指示灯、电容、射频信号采集模块组成，射频信号采集模块通过射频信号采集，转化成电能，并通过电源线与电容连接，将电能存储到电容内，当检测到电容的电量低于一定的储量，则节点进行能量采集，而若检测到电容的电量储量已满，节点则进入休眠状态，不在对射频信号采集，预警指示灯系统接收管理平台给出的分析结果和路面网络的警告信息，如果该部分路面受力过载，则进行灯光报警。
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