Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
  • C07K16/2878—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the NGF-receptor/TNF-receptor superfamily, e.g. CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
  • A61K31/282—Platinum compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
  • A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
  • A61K39/3955—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
  • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
  • C07K16/2818—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against CD28 or CD152
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
  • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
  • C07K16/2827—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
  • A61K2039/507—Comprising a combination of two or more separate antibodies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/54—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/545—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the dose, timing or administration schedule
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
  • C07K2317/21—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin from primates, e.g. man
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
  • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
  • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
  • C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
  • C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin

Definitions

• the present invention relates to dosing regimens of an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof useful for the treatment of cancer.
• the invention relates to the dosing regimen in a monotherapy comprising administering an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof and also the dosing regimen in a combination therapy which comprises administering an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof and at least one additional therapeutic agent, for example, an antibody directed to a Programmed Death 1 protein (PD-1) or Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1).
• PD-1 Programmed Death 1 protein
• PD-L1 Programmed Death Ligand 1
• CD27 Cluster of differentiation (CD) 27, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family super member was identified as a membrane molecule on human T cells (van Lier et al ., 1987, J. Immunol. 139:1589-96). According to current evidence, CD27 has a single ligand, CD70, which is a TNF family member (Goodwin et al., 1993, Cell 73:447-56).
• CD27 is exclusively expressed by hematopoietic cells, in particular those of the lymphocyte lineage, i.e., T lymphocyte (T cell), B-lymphocyte (B cell) and natural killer (NK) cells.
• T cell T lymphocyte
• B cell B-lymphocyte
• NK natural killer cells.
• CD27 was originally defined as a human T-cell co-stimulatory molecule that increments the proliferative response to T-Cell Receptor (TCR) stimulation (van Lier et al., 1987, J. Immunol. 139:1589-96). Presence of CD70, the ligand of CD27, dictates the timing and persistence of CD27-mediated co-stimulation.
• An aspect of the invention provides a method for treating cancer in a subject or a patient comprising administering to the subject or patient an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the antibody is a human, humanized or chimeric antibody.
• the antibody is an isolated antibody.
• the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises heavy chain complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3, and the light chain comprises light chain CDRs of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6.
• the light chain comprises 3 CDRs and the heavy chain comprises three CDRs.
• heavy chain CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 1
• heavy chain CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.:2
• heavy chain CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.:3
• the light chain CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 4
• the light chain CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 5
• the light chain CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 6.
• the heavy chain comprises heavy chain CDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 1, heavy chain CDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 2, and heavy chain CDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 3, and the light chain CDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 4, the light chain CDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 5, and the light chain CDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 6.
• the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region.
• the heavy chain variable region comprises three CDRs of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs:
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered once. In various embodiments of the method, the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at least once. In various embodiments of the method, the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered multiple times, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more times.
• the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 30 mg, about 200 mg, or about 200 mg to about 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment. In various embodiments of the method, the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 30 mg to about 200 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments of the method, the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 70 mg to about 200 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 7 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 9.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody is pembrolizumab. In various embodiments of the method, the anti-PD-1 antibody is a pembrolizumab variant.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 20 and the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 15; and the anti- CD27 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 8 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 10.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody and the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof are co-administered. In various embodiments of the method, the anti-PD-1 antibody and the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof are co-formulated.
• the anti-PD-Ll antibody is atezolizumab, durvalumab, or avelumab.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered every 3 weeks (Q3W).
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered every 6 weeks (Q6W).
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered from a vial.
• the volume of the vial is about 1 milliliter (mL or ml).
• the anti-PD-1 antibody is administered at 200 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every three weeks thereafter. In various embodiments of the method, the anti-PD-1 antibody is administered at 400 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every six weeks thereafter.
• the anti-CD27 antibody is administered to the subject or patient. In various embodiments of the method, the anti-CD27 antigen binding fragment thereof is administered to the subject or patient.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody is a humanized anti- PD-1 antibody that comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17 and 18, and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 11, 12 and 13; and the anti-CD27 antibody is a humanized anti-CD27 antibody which comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2 and 3, and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO.: 19 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO.: 14; and the anti-CD27 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 7 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 9.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 20 and the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 15; and the anti-CD27 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 8 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 10
• the anti-PD-1 antibody is administered at 400 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every six weeks thereafter, and the anti-CD27 antibody is administered at 30 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 once every six weeks.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody is co- formulated with the anti-CD27 antibody.
• the cancer is a solid tumor cancer and/or is characterized by presence of at least one solid tumor or a plurality of solid tumors. In various embodiments of the method, the cancer is characterized by the presence of at least one advanced solid tumor. In various embodiments of the method, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), non-squamous non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and endometrial cancer.
• TNBC triple-negative breast cancer
• NSCLC non-squamous non small cell lung cancer
• endometrial cancer endometrial cancer.
• the method further comprises administering carboplatin and/or pemetrexed. In various embodiments, the method further comprises administering a combination of carboplatin and pemetrexed. For example, the carboplatin and pemetrexed is administered after the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof (along or in combination with the PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment).
• the subject or the patient has not been previously treated with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-Ll therapy or is confirmed progressive while receiving prior anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-Ll therapy.
• an aspect of the invention provides an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for use in treating cancer in a subject or a patient.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises heavy chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2 and 3, and the light chain comprises light chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6.
• the light chain comprises 3 CDRs and the heavy chain comprises three CDRs.
• the heavy chain CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 1
• the heavy chain CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 2
• the heavy chain CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 3
• the light chain CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 4
• the light chain CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 5
• the light chain CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 6.
• the heavy chain CDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 1
• the heavy chain CDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 2
• the heavy chain CDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 3
• the light chain CDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 4
• the light chain CDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 5
• the light chain CDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 6.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises heavy chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2 and 3, and the light chain variable region comprises light chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6.
• the light chain variable region comprises 3 CDRs and the heavy chain variable region comprises three CDRs.
• the heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 1
• the heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 2
• the heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 3
• the light chain variable region CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 4
• the light chain variable region CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 5
• the light chain variable region CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 6.
• the heavy chain variable region CDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 1
• the heavy chain variable region CDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 2
• the heavy chain variable region CDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 3
• the light chain variable region CDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 4
• the light chain variable region CDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 5
• the light chain variable region CDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 6.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered via intravenous infusion. In various embodiments, the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is formulated for intravenous infusion. In various embodiments, the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered once. In various embodiments, the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered multiple times. In various embodiments, the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered Q3W. In various embodiments, the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered Q6W.
• the intravenous infusion comprises administering an analgesic and/or an antihistamine prior to the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the antihistamine is diphenhydramine.
• the analgesic and/or antihistamine is administered less than 3 hours, 2.5 hours, 2 hours, 1.5 hours, or 1 hour prior to administration of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• diphenhydramine is administered at a dose of about 50 mg.
• diphenhydramine is administered orally.
• the analgesic is acetaminophen.
• acetaminophen is administered at a dose of about 500 to about 1000 mg. In various embodiments, acetaminophen is administered orally.
• the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at one dose.
• the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 2 mg, about 7 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 70 mg, about 200 mg, or about 700 mg.
• the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at multiple doses.
• the subject or the patient is administered for such use multiple doses that total about 2 mg, about 7 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 70 mg, about 200 mg, or about 700 mg.
• the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered a dose of about 2 mg to about 700 mg.
• the subject or the patient is administered for such use about 2 mg, about 7 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 70 mg, about 200 mg, or about 700 mg of the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered 2 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered 7 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered 20 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered 30 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered 70 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments, the subject or the patient is administered 200 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments of the use, the subject or the patient is administered 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments , the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 200 mg to about 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments, the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 30 mg to about 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 30 mg, about 200 mg, or about 200 mg to about 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments, the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 30 mg to about 200 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered the anti- CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use on Day 1 and then once every three weeks thereafter. In various embodiments, the subject or the patient is administered the anti- CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof as a monotherapy. In various embodiments, the subject or the patient is administered the anti- CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof as a combination therapy.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 7 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 9.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 8 and the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO : 10.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment for such use is administered to the subject or the patient.
• the subject or the patient is administered the anti- CD27 antibody or the antigen binding fragment as a monotherapy.
• the subject or the patient is administered the anti- CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment as a combination therapy.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is co-administered with an anti-PD-1 antibody or anti-PD-Ll antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is co-formulated with an anti-PD-1 antibody or anti-PD-Ll antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use specifically binds to human PD-1 and blocks the binding of human PD- LI to human PD-1. In various embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, also blocks binding of human PD-L2 to human PD-1. In various embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises: (a) heavy chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17 and 18 and (b) light chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 11, 12 and 13.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 19 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 14.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 20 and the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO. : 15.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody for such use is pembrolizumab. In various embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody for such use is a pembrolizumab variant.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof and the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use are co-administered.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof and the anti- CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use are co-formulated.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody for such use is nivolumab.
• the anti-PD-Ll antibody for such use is atezolizumab, durvalumab, or avelumab.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at 200 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every three weeks thereafter. In various embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at 400 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every six weeks thereafter.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody for such use is a humanized anti-PD-1 antibody that comprises a heavy chain and a light chain
• the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 11, 12 and 13.
• the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising light chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17 and 18
• the anti-CD27 antibody is a humanized anti-CD27 antibody which comprises a heavy chain and a light chain
• the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2 and 3.
• the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO. : 19 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 14; and the anti-CD27 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 7 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 9.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody for such use comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 15 and the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 20; and the anti- CD27 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 8 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 10.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is administered at 200 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every three weeks thereafter, and the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at 200 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every three weeks thereafter.
• the subject or the patient is administered the anti- CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof on Day 1 and then at least once a week or a number of weeks afterwards.
• the subject or the patient is administered the anti- CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof on Day 1 and about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks thereafter.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 7 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 9.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 8 and the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 10.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is co- administered with an anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or anti- PD-L1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered with an anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or anti-PD- L1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is co- formulated with an anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or anti- PD-L1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use specifically binds to human PD-1 and blocks the binding of human PD- LI to human PD-1.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, for such use also blocks binding of human PD-L2 to human PD-1.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises: (a) light chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 11, 12 and 13, and (b) heavy chain CDRs of comprising the amino acid sequences SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17 and 18.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.:19 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO.: 14.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 20 and the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 15.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody for such use is pembrolizumab. In various embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody for such use is a pembrolizumab variant.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody for such use is nivolumab.
• the anti-PD-Ll antibody for such use is atezolizumab, durvalumab, or avelumab.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is administered Q3W.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is administered Q6W.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is administered at 200 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every three weeks thereafter. In various embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is administered at 400 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every six weeks thereafter. In various embodiments, the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is administered to the subject or the patient. In various embodiments, the anti- CD27 antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is administered to the subject or the patient.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody for such use is a humanized anti-PD- 1 antibody that comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17 and 18, and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 11, 12 and 13; and the anti-CD27 antibody is a humanized anti-CD27 antibody which comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2 and 3, and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising light chain CDRs comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 19 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 14; and the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 7 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 9.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 20 and the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 15; and the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, and wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 8 and the light chain comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 10.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is administered at 200 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every three weeks thereafter, and the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at 30 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every three weeks thereafter.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is administered at 400 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every six weeks thereafter, and the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at 30 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 once every six weeks.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is co- formulated with the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for such use is co-administered with the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the cancer for such use is characterized by presence of at least one solid tumor.
• the at least one solid tumor is an advanced solid tumor.
• the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: TNBC, NSCLC, and endometrial cancer.
• the use further comprises carboplatin and/or pemetrexed for such use. In various embodiments, the use further comprises a combination of carboplatin and pemetrexed for such use.
• the subject or the patient for such use has not been previously treated with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-Ll therapy or is confirmed progressive while receiving prior anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-Ll therapy.
• An aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising about 2 mg to about 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof described herein ⁇ e.g., the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises at least one sequence described in Table 1), and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the subject or the patient is administered about 2 mg, about 7 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 70 mg, about 200 mg, or about 700 mg of the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the pharmaceutical composition further comprises anti- PD-1 antibody or anti-PD-Ll antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof described herein, e.g., 200 mg of the pembrolizumab antibody described in Table 2.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab is administered at 200 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every three weeks thereafter, and the anti-CD27 antibody is administered at 30 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every three weeks thereafter.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab is administered at 400 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 and then once every six weeks thereafter, and the anti-CD27 antibody is administered at 30 mg via intravenous infusion on Day 1 once every six weeks.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody is co- formulated with the anti-CD27 antibody.
• An aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising an isolated polynucleotide encoding the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof described herein ⁇ e.g., the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises at least one sequence described in Table 1), and a material or fluid ⁇ e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier buffer, and/or a diluent).
• An aspect of the invention provides a kit comprising about 2 mg to about 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof described herein (e.g, the anti- CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises at least one sequence described in Table 1), and instructions for use.
• An aspect of the invention provides a kit comprising any of the pharmaceutical compositions comprising about 2 mg to about 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof described herein (e.g., the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises at least one sequence described in Table 1), and instructions for use.
• FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are graphs showing change of baseline (%, percentage) in target lesions in subjects over time (weeks).
• the subjects had been treated with either antibody hCD27.131A monotherapy or a combination therapy including antibody hCD27.131A and pembrolizumab.
• the percentage change from baseline of target lesions was based on investigator assessment per RECIST vl. l. All patients had >1 post-baseline target lesion measurement; for patients who crossed over, only responses prior to cross over were included. Only patients who had first dosing on or before March 29, 2019 were included.
• FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B show compilation data plots of patients having solid tumors and the treatment duration and response based on investigator assessment per RECIST vl.l.
• Patients were either administered the specific doses of antibody hCD27.131A alone (FIG. 3A) or in a combination therapy with 200 mg pembrolizumab (FIG. 3B) as described in Example 1.
• the exposure and response duration results were based on investigator assessment per RECIST vl.l.
• FIG. 3B who crossed over only response post-crossover data were included.
• FIG. 4 is an aggregated graph of combined study arms showing the percent of available CD27 receptors on representative CD3+CD4+ cells over time analyzed in samples from subjects administered antibody hCD27.131A either as a monotherapy or in combination with 200 mg pembrolizumab. The subjects were administered either 2 mg, 7 mg, 20 mg, 70 mg or 200 mg of hCD27.131A antibody. % Change from C1D1 Pre- Mean +/- SE.
• FIGs. 5A-C are a series of aggregated graphs combined study arms showing changes in chemotactic cytokines MPMb (FIG. 5A), CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127-FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (FIG. 5B) and CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+ T-cells (FIG. 5C) over time analyzed in samples from subjects administered antibody hCD27.131 A either as a monotherapy or in combination with 200 mg pembrolizumab. The subjects were administered either 2 mg, 7 mg, 20 mg, 70 mg or 200 mg of antibody hCD27.131A. Mean Fold Change from C1D1 Pre- +/- SE for MIP-lb. % Change from C1D1 Pre- Mean +/- SE for regulatory T cells and HLADR+ T-cells.
• FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are graphs showing serum concentrations of hCD27.131A over time following intravenous doses from 2 mg to 700 mg in cycle 1. The arithmetic mean of antibody hCD27.131A was plotted at nominal times.
• FIG. 7 is a waterfall plot of subjects with best percentage change from baseline in target lesion based on investigator assessment per RECIST vl.l after a combination treatment with escalating doses of antibody hCD27.131A with pembrolizumab (evaluated in patients with measurable disease at baseline and >1 evaluable post-baseline target lesion imaging assessment/measurement.
• Of the 40 patients 27 were patients who received combination therapy in the initial treatment phase of dose escalation part and 13 patients were patients who received combination therapy in crossover phase of dose escalation part. Each bar represents an individual subject.
• CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 D De-escalate to the next lower dose DCR Disease Control Rate DFS Disease free survival
• FR Antibody framework region the immunoglobulin variable regions excluding the CDR regions.
• HCV Hepatitis C virus HIV Human immunodeficiency vims HRT Hormonal replacement therapy HRP Horseradish peroxidase IB Investigator’ s Brochure IC50 concentration resulting in 50% inhibition
• Mia single metastatic site Mlb peritoneal or multiple metastatic sites mAh or Mab or MAb Monoclonal antibody
• NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer ORR Objective response rate
• PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cell PD Pharmacodynamic(s) PD Progressive disease PD-1 Programmed cell death 1 PD-L1 Programmed cell death ligand 1 PD-L2 Programmed cell death ligand 2
• TCR T cell receptor TNBC Triple-negative breast cancer
• V region The segment of Ig chains which is variable in sequence between different antibodies. It extends to Kabat residue 107 in the light chain and 113 in the heavy chain.
• VH Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region VK Immunoglobulin kappa light chain variable region ULN Upper limit of normal WOCBP Women of childbearing potential
• administering refers to contact of an exogenous pharmaceutical, therapeutic, diagnostic agent, or composition to the animal, human, subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid.
• Administration to a cell encompasses contact of a reagent to the cell, as well as contact of a reagent to a fluid, where the fluid is in contact with the cell.
• administering also mean in vitro and ex vivo administration, e.g ., of a cell, by a reagent, diagnostic, binding compound, or by another cell.
• a “biomarker” is an objectively measured indicator, compound or molecule that reflects the presence, or likely progression, or successful treatment of a particular condition. Biomarkers have long been used in drug development, and the discovery and validation of new efficacy biomarkers is expected to improve the predictive disease models, reduce the time and cost associated with drug development, and increase the success rate of translating experimental drugs into clinical therapeutics. In addition, biomarkers are valuable in early detection of disease development, changes in disease status, and effectiveness of behavioral modifications and therapeutics in disease control.
• Treating means to administer a therapeutic agent, such as a composition containing any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the present invention, internally or externally to a subject or patient having one or more disease symptoms of cancer, or being suspected of having the disease, for which the agent has therapeutic activity.
• the agent is administered in an amount effective to alleviate one or more disease symptoms or disease indicia in the treated subject or population, whether by inducing the regression of or inhibiting the progression of such symptom(s) or indicia by any clinically measurable degree.
• the amount of a therapeutic agent that is effective to alleviate any particular disease symptom or disease indicia may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, and weight of the patient, and the ability of the drug to elicit a desired response in the subject. Whether a disease symptom or a disease indicium has been alleviated can be assessed by any clinical measurement typically used by physicians or other skilled healthcare providers to assess the severity or progression status (over a period of time) of that symptom or that indicium.
• the antibodies or antigen binding fragments and the pharmaceutical compositions may not be effective in preventing or alleviating the target disease symptom(s), target disease indicium, indicia or effects, or adverse effect(s) in every patient, it should alleviate such symptom(s), indicium, indicia, or effect(s) in a statistically significant number of patients (e.g., a number of patients over a period of time, such as days, months, or years) as determined by any statistical test known in the art such as the Student’s t-test, the chi2-test, the U-test according to Mann and Whitney, the Kruskal -Wallis test (H-test), Jonckheere-Terpstra-test and the Wilcoxon-test.
• a statistically significant number of patients e.g., a number of patients over a period of time, such as days, months, or years
• any statistical test known in the art such as the Student’s t-test, the chi2-test, the U-test according
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof e.g., hCD27.131A
• a therapeutically effective amount will result in a reduction of the measured symptom by some degree or percentage (e.g., least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90%) over a period of time.
• antibody refers to any form of antibody that exhibits the desired biological activity. Thus, it is used in the broadest sense and specifically covers, but is not limited to, monoclonal antibodies (including full length monoclonal antibodies comprising two light chains and two heavy chains), polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g, bispecific antibodies), humanized antibodies, fully human antibodies, and chimeric antibodies.
• the basic antibody structural unit comprises a tetramer.
• Each tetramer includes two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one “light” (e.g., about 25 kDa) and one “heavy” chain (e.g., about 50-70 kDa).
• the amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition.
• the carboxy -terminal portion of the heavy chain may define a constant region primarily responsible for effector function.
• human light chains are classified as kappa and lambda light chains.
• human heavy chains are typically classified as mu, delta, gamma, alpha, or epsilon, and define the antibody's isotype as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE, respectively.
• the variable and constant regions are joined by a “J” region of about 12 or more amino acids, with the heavy chain also including a “D” region of about 10 more amino acids. See generally, Fundamental Immunology Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed., 2 nd ed. Raven Press, N.Y. (1989).
• variable regions of each light/heavy chain pair form the antibody binding site.
• an intact antibody has two binding sites.
• the two binding sites are, in general, the same.
• variable domains of both the heavy and light chains comprise three hypervariable regions, also called complementarity determining regions (referred to here as “CDRs”), which are located within relatively conserved framework regions (FR).
• CDRs complementarity determining regions
• FR framework regions
• the CDRs are usually aligned by the framework regions, enabling binding to a specific epitope.
• both light and heavy chains variable domains comprise FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3 and FR4.
• the assignment of amino acids to each domain is, generally, in accordance with the definitions of Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Rabat, et al. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. ; 5th ed.; NIH Publ. No.
• antibody fragment refers to antigen binding fragments of antibodies, i.e. antibody fragments that retain the ability to bind specifically to the antigen bound by the full-length antibody, e.g. fragments that retain one or more CDR regions.
• antigen-binding fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab, Fab', F(ab')2, and Fv fragments; diabodies; linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules, e.g. , sc-Fv; multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
• a “Fab fragment” is comprised of one light chain and the C H I and variable regions of one heavy chain.
• the heavy chain of a Fab molecule cannot form a disulfide bond with another heavy chain molecule.
• a "Fab fragment” can be the product of papain cleavage of an antibody.
• An "Fc" region contains two heavy chain fragments comprising the C H 3 and C H 2 domains of an antibody.
• the two heavy chain fragments are held together by two or more disulfide bonds and by hydrophobic interactions of the C H 3 domains.
• a "Fab 1 fragment” contains one light chain and a portion or fragment of one heavy chain that contains the V H domain and the C H 1 domain and also the region between the C H I and C H 2 domains, such that an interchain disulfide bond can be formed between the two heavy chains of two Fab' fragments to form a F(ab') 2 molecule.
• a “F(ab')2 fragment” contains two light chains and two heavy chains containing a portion of the constant region between the C H I and C H 2 domains, such that an interchain disulfide bond is formed between the two heavy chains.
• a F(ab') 2 fragment thus is composed of two Fab' fragments that are held together by a disulfide bond between the two heavy chains.
• An “F(ab')2 fragment” can be the product of pepsin cleavage of an antibody.
• the "Fv region” comprises the variable regions from both the heavy and light chains, but lacks the constant regions.
• single-chain Fv or "scFv” antibody refers to antibody fragments comprising the V H and V L domains of an antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain.
• the Fv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the V H and V L domains which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen-binding.
• scFv see Pluckthun (1994) THE PHARMACOLOGY OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, vol. 113, Rosenburg and Moore eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315. See also, International Patent Application Publication No. WO 88/01649 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,946, 778 and 5,260,203.
• bivalent antibody comprises two antigen-binding sites. In some instances, the two binding sites have the same antigen specificities. However, bivalent antibodies may be bispecific (see below).
• Co-administration means that the agents are administered so as to have overlapping therapeutic activities, and not necessarily that the agents are administered simultaneously to the subject.
• the agents may or may not be in physical combination prior to administration.
• the agents are administered to a subject simultaneously or at about the same time.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody and anti- CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragments contained in separate vials, when in liquid solution, may be mixed into the same intravenous infusion bag or injection device, and administered simultaneously to the patient.
• Co-formulated or “co-formulation” or “coformulation” or “coformulated” as used herein refers to at least two agents (e.g., different antibodies or antigen binding fragments) thereof which are formulated together and stored as a combined product in a single vial or vessel (for example an injection device) rather than being formulated and stored individually and then mixed before administration or separately administered.
• the co-formulation contains two different antibodies or antigen binding fragments thereof described herein, for example, the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragments thereof described herein and the PD-1 antibody or antigen binding described herein.
• diabodies refers to small antibody fragments with two antigen binding sites, which fragments comprise a heavy chain variable domain (VH) connected to a light chain variable domain (VL) in the same polypeptide chain (VH-VL or VL-VH).
• VH heavy chain variable domain
• VL light chain variable domain
• an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof as used herein is modified in some way retains at least 10% of its binding activity (when compared to the parental antibody) when that activity is expressed on a molar basis.
• an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention retains at least 20%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% or more of the CD27 binding affinity as the parental antibody.
• an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention can include conservative or non- conservative amino acid substitutions (referred to as "conservative variants" or “function conserved variants” of the antibody) that do not substantially alter its biologic activity.
• isolated antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof are at least partially free of other biological molecules from the cells or cell cultures in which they are produced. Such biological molecules include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, or other material such as cellular debris and growth medium. An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may further be at least partially free of expression system components such as biological molecules from a host cell or of the growth medium thereof. Generally, the term “isolated” is not intended to refer to a complete absence of such biological molecules or to an absence of water, buffers, or salts or to components of a pharmaceutical formulation that includes the antibodies or fragments.
• a "chimeric antibody” is an antibody having the variable domain from a first antibody and the constant domain from a second antibody, where the first and second antibodies are from different species.
• the variable domains are obtained from an antibody from an experimental animal (the "parental antibody”), such as a rodent, and the constant domain sequences are obtained from human antibodies, so that the resulting chimeric antibody will be less likely to elicit an adverse immune response in a human subject than the parental (e.g ., mouse) antibody.
• the present invention includes the use of anti-CD27 humanized antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof (e.g., rat or mouse antibodies that have been humanized) and methods of use thereof.
• the invention includes any humanized version of the hCD27.131 A antibody.
• 131A antibody and “hCD27.131A” are used interchangeably to refer to an antibody described herein, for example the antibody comprising the VH region of SEQ ID NO.:
• humanized antibody refers to forms of antibodies that contain sequences from both human and non-human (e.g, mouse or rat) antibodies.
• the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of a non human immunoglobulin, and all or substantially all of the framework (FR) regions are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence.
• the humanized antibody may optionally comprise at least a portion of a human immunoglobulin constant region (Fc).
• framework or "FR” residues refers to those variable domain residues other than the hypervariable region residues defined herein as CDR residues.
• hypervariable region refers to the amino acid residues of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that are responsible for antigen-binding.
• the hypervariable region comprises amino acid residues from a CDR ( i.e . CDRL1, CDRL2 and CDRL3 in the light chain variable domain and CDRH1, CDRH2 and CDRH3 in the heavy chain variable domain).
• CDR i.e . CDRL1, CDRL2 and CDRL3 in the light chain variable domain
• CDRH1, CDRH2 and CDRH3 in the heavy chain variable domain
• isolated nucleic acid molecule or “isolated polynucleotide” means a DNA or RNA of genomic, mRNA, cDNA, or synthetic origin or some combination thereof which is not associated with all or a portion of a polynucleotide in which the isolated polynucleotide is found in nature, or is linked to a polynucleotide to which it is not linked in nature.
• a nucleic acid molecule comprising a particular nucleotide sequence does not encompass intact chromosomes.
• Isolated nucleic acid molecules "comprising" specified nucleic acid sequences may include, in addition to the specified sequences, coding sequences for up to ten or even up to twenty or more other proteins or portions or fragments thereof, or may include operably linked regulatory sequences that control expression of the coding region of the recited nucleic acid sequences, and/or may include vector sequences.
• control sequences refers to DNA sequences necessary for the expression of an operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism.
• the control sequences that are suitable for prokaryotes include a promoter, optionally an operator sequence, and a ribosome binding site.
• Eukaryotic cells are known to use promoters, polyadenylation signals, and enhancers.
• a nucleic acid or polynucleotide is "operably linked" when it is placed into afunctional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence.
• DNA for a pre-sequence or secretory leader is operably linked to DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a preprotein that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide;
• a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence; or a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to facilitate translation.
• operably linked means that the DNA sequences being linked are contiguous, and, in the case of a secretory leader, contiguous and in reading phase. However, enhancers do not have to be contiguous. Linking is accomplished by ligation at convenient restriction sites. If such sites do not exist, the synthetic oligonucleotide adaptors or linkers are used in accordance with conventional practice.
• the expressions "cell,” “cell line,” and “cell culture” are used interchangeably and all such designations include progeny.
• the words “transformants” and “transformed cells” include the primary subject cell and cultures derived therefrom without regard for the number of transfers. It is also understood that not all progeny will have precisely identical DNA content, due to deliberate or inadvertent mutations. Mutant progeny that have the same function or biological activity as screened for in the originally transformed cell are included. Where distinct designations are intended, it will be clear from the context.
• germline sequence refers to a sequence of unrearranged immunoglobulin DNA sequences. Any suitable source of unrearranged immunoglobulin sequences may be used.
• Human germline sequences may be obtained, for example, from JOINSOLVER germline databases on the website for the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the United States National Institutes of Health.
• Mouse germline sequences may be obtained, for example, as described in Giudicelli et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33:D256-D261.
• therapeutically effective amount refers to an amount of the therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof such as hCD27.131A), which is effective as a monotherapy or in combination with the other active ingredient (e.g., PD- 1 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof), upon single or multiple dose administration (e.g., an infusion treatment over a period of time, such as 30 minutes, or a bolus and/or maintenance doses) to a subject, in inhibiting, delaying or reducing the growth of a cancer (e.g., a cancer characterized by presence of a solid tumor).
• a cancer e.g., a cancer characterized by presence of a solid tumor.
• Therapeutically effective is also intended to refer to an amount of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof (when used as a monotherapy or in combination with the other active agent) that is suitable for therapeutic uses.
• a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is the amount of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that is needed to treat a solid tumor cancer in combination with a therapeutic agent, for example an anti -PD- 1 antibody such as pembrolizumab.
• the therapeutically effective dose of any of the antibodies or antigen binding fragments thereof described herein may be administered alone or in combination with an additional therapeutic agent to a cell, tissue, or subject, is effective to cause a measurable improvement in one or more symptoms of disease, for example cancer or the progression of cancer.
• a therapeutically effective dose may be an amount of the antibody or fragment thereof sufficient to result in at least partial amelioration of symptoms, e.g., tumor shrinkage or elimination, lack of tumor growth, increased survival time.
• an effective dose refers to that ingredient alone.
• a therapeutically effective dose may be combined with amounts of the active ingredients that result in the therapeutic effect, whether administered in combination, serially or simultaneously.
• An effective amount of a therapeutic may result in an improvement of a biomarker, measure or parameter by at least 10%; usually by at least 20%; preferably at least about 30%; more preferably at least 40%, and most preferably by at least 50%.
• An effective amount can also result in an improvement in a subjective measure in cases where subjective measures are used to assess disease severity.
• Tuor as it applies to a subject diagnosed with, or suspected of having, cancer refers to a malignant or potentially malignant neoplasm or tissue mass of any size, and includes primary tumors and secondary neoplasms.
• a solid tumor is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue that usually does not contain cysts or liquid areas. Different types of solid tumors are named for the type of cells that form them. Examples of solid tumors are sarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas. Leukemias (cancers of the blood) generally do not form solid tumors (National Cancer Institute, Dictionary of Cancer Terms).
• solid tumor cancer is defined as a cancer disease wherein the malignant tumor is present at a distinct location and does not contain a cyst and/or liquid area.
• Solid tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer).
• Bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon and rectal cancer (colorectal cancer), endometrial cancer, kidney (renal cell) cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer are non-limiting examples of different types of solid tumor cancers.
• Leukemia is an example of a cancer that is not a solid tumor cancer. See U.S. Patent No. 10,451,626.
• the present invention provides anti-CD27 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof having specified structural and functional features, and methods of use of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof in the treatment or prevention of disease (e.g., cancer).
• disease e.g., cancer
• an “anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention” includes: any antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that is discussed herein (e.g., hCD27.131 A as shown below or humanized versions thereof disclosed in PCT publication number W02018/058022) or a variant thereof (e.g, sequence variant or functional variant); any antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising any one or more of the (underlined and highlighted) CDRs set forth below in Table 1. Table 1.
• Table 1 The amino acid sequences of the antibody hCD27.131A and antigen binding fragments thereof
• antibodies and fragments thereof that bind to the same epitope as any of the anti-CD27 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the present invention also may be used as part of the present invention.
• the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to the same epitope of human CD27 as an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof described herein, for example, an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprising the variable heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 7 and the variable light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 9.
• the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to the same epitope of human CD27 as an antibody comprising the variable heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 7 and the variable light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 9.
• mapping antibody epitopes on target antigens including: H/D-Ex Mass spec, X-ray crystallography, pepscan analysis, alanine scanning, hydroxyl radical footprinting and site directed mutagenesis.
• HDX Hydrophilidrogen Deuterium Exchange
• proteolysis and mass spectrometry can be used to determine the epitope of an antibody on a specific antigen Y.
• HDX-MS relies on the accurate measurement and comparison of the degree of deuterium incorporation by an antigen when incubated in D2O on its own and in presence of its antibody at various time intervals.
• Deuterium is exchanged with hydrogen on the amide backbone of the proteins in exposed areas whereas regions of the antigen bound to the antibody will be protected and will show less or no exchange after analysis by LC-MS/MS of proteolytic fragments.
• the epitope is determined by solving the X-ray crystal structure of a complex between CD27 or fragment thereof and an anti-CD27 antibody or fragment thereof and identifying one or more CD27 residues within 4 A of the anti-CD27 antibody residues.
• the epitope includes for example, CD27 residues that have van der Waals, polar interaction, salt bridge or hydrogen bond contact with the anti-CD27 antibody residues.
• the epitope is determined by mutagenesis (for example Alanine scanning) of CD27 residues and analyzing the loss of binding to the anti-CD27 antibody as a result of the mutagenesis.
• Constantly modified variants or “conservative substitution” refers to substitutions of amino acids in a protein with other amino acids having similar characteristics (e.g . charge, side-chain size, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, backbone conformation and rigidity, etc.), such that the changes can frequently be made without altering the biological activity of the protein.
• Those of skill in this art recognize that, in general, single amino acid substitutions in non- essential regions of a polypeptide do not substantially alter biological activity (see, e.g., Watson et al. (1987) Molecular Biology of the Gene, The Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., p. 224 (4th Ed.)).
• substitutions of structurally or functionally similar amino acids are less likely to disrupt biological activity. Exemplary conservative substitutions are set forth in Table 3.
• “Function-conservative variants,” as used herein, refers to antibodies or fragments thereof in which one or more amino acid residues have been changed without altering a desired property, such as an antigen affinity and/or specificity. Such variants include, but are not limited to, replacement of an amino acid with one having similar properties, such as the conservative amino acid substitutions of Table 3.
• isolated polypeptides comprising the V L domains of the anti-CD27 antibodies of the invention (e.g ., SEQ ID NO.: 9), and isolated polypeptides comprising the V H domains of the anti-CD27 antibodies of the invention (e.g., SEQ ID NO.: 7) having up to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more amino acid substitutions.
• an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds CD27 and has V L domains and V H domains with at least 99% 98%, 97%, 96%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80% or 75% sequence identity to one or more of the V L domains or V H domains described herein and exhibits specific binding to CD27 may also be utilized in the methods and uses described herein.
• the binding antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention comprises V L and V H domains (with and without signal sequence) having up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or more amino acid substitutions, and exhibits specific binding to CD27.
• the present invention further comprises methods and uses for treating cancer that comprise polynucleotides encoding any of the polypeptides or immunoglobulin chains of anti- CD27 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention.
• the present invention includes polynucleotides encoding an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof having the amino acids described in Table 1.
• an isolated polynucleotide for example DNA, encoding the polypeptide chains of the isolated antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof set forth herein is provided.
• the isolated polynucleotide encodes an antibody or antigen- binding fragment thereof comprising at least one mature immunoglobulin light chain variable (V L ) domain according to the invention and/or at least one mature immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (V H ) domain according to the invention.
• the isolated polynucleotide encodes both a light chain and a heavy chain on a single polynucleotide molecule, and in other embodiments the light and heavy chains are encoded on separate polynucleotide molecules.
• the polynucleotide further encodes a signal sequence.
• the invention comprises methods and uses comprising an isolated polynucleotide encoding a V H domain or an antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising CDR- H1 (SEQ ID NO.: 1), CDR-H2 (SEQ ID NO.: 2) and CDR-H3 (SEQ ID NO.: 3).
• the invention comprises methods and uses comprising an isolated polynucleotide encoding a V L domain or an antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising CDR-L1 (SEQ ID NO.: 4), CDR-L2 (SEQ ID NO.: 5) and CDR-L3 (SEQ ID NO.: 6).
• the invention comprises methods and uses for treating cancer comprising an isolated polynucleotide encoding the V H domain methods and uses for treating cancer comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 7. In one embodiment, the invention methods and uses for treating cancer comprising an isolated polynucleotide encoding the V L domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 9. In one embodiment, the invention comprises methods and uses for treating cancer comprising an isolated polynucleotide encoding the heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 8. In one embodiment, the invention comprises an isolated polynucleotide encoding the light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 10.
• This present invention also provides methods and uses for treating cancer comprising vectors, e.g ., expression vectors, such as plasmids, comprising the isolated polynucleotides of the invention, wherein the polynucleotide is operably linked to control sequences that are recognized by a host cell when the host cell is transfected with the vector.
• vectors e.g ., expression vectors, such as plasmids
• the polynucleotide is operably linked to control sequences that are recognized by a host cell when the host cell is transfected with the vector.
• host cells comprising a vector of the present invention and methods for producing the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or polypeptide disclosed herein (e.g., Table 1) comprising culturing a host cell harboring an expression vector or a nucleic acid encoding the immunoglobulin chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof in culture medium, and isolating the antigen or antigen-binding fragment thereof from the host cell or culture medium.
• polypeptides e.g ., immunoglobulin polypeptides, comprising amino acid sequences that are at least about 75% identical, 80% identical, more preferably at least about 90% identical and most preferably at least about 95% identical (e.g, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%) to the amino acid sequences of the antibodies provided herein when the comparison is performed by a BLAST algorithm wherein the parameters of the algorithm are selected to give the largest match between the respective sequences over the entire length of the respective reference sequences (e.g., expect threshold: 10; word size: 3; max matches in a query range: 0; BLOSUM 62 matrix; gap costs: existence 11, extension 1; conditional compositional score matrix adjustment).
• BLAST algorithm wherein the parameters of the algorithm are selected to give the largest match between the respective sequences over the entire length of the respective reference sequences (e.g., expect threshold: 10; word size: 3; max matches in a query range: 0; BLOSUM 62 matrix; gap costs:
• Sequence identity refers to the degree to which the amino acids of two polypeptides are the same at equivalent positions when the two sequences are optimally aligned.
• the following references relate to BLAST algorithms often used for sequence analysis:
• methods and uses for treating cancer comprise administering the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein (e.g., comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 19 or SEQ ID NO.: 20) that may bind human CD27 or CD27A59T) with a bivalent K D value of 10 x 10 9 M or lower as determined by surface plasmon resonance (e.g., BIACORE) or a similar technique (e.g., KinExa or OCTET) as measured with a human CD27-Fc fusion protein or human CD27A59T-Fc fusion protein.
• a bivalent K D value 10 x 10 9 M or lower as determined by surface plasmon resonance (e.g., BIACORE) or a similar technique (e.g., KinExa or OCTET) as measured with a human CD27-Fc fusion protein or human CD27A59T-Fc fusion protein.
• methods and uses for treating cancer comprise administering the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein, wherein the antibodies or antigen binding fragments may bind human CD27 or CD27A59T with a bivalent K D value of about 5 x 10 9 to about 10 x 10 9 M as determined by surface plasmon resonance (e.g., BIACORE) or a similar technique (e.g. KinExa or OCTET) as measured using a CD27 protein or peptide, for example with a human CD27-Fc fusion protein or human CD27A59T-Fc fusion protein.
• a bivalent K D value of about 5 x 10 9 to about 10 x 10 9 M as determined by surface plasmon resonance (e.g., BIACORE) or a similar technique (e.g. KinExa or OCTET) as measured using a CD27 protein or peptide, for example with a human CD27-Fc fusion protein or human CD27A59T-Fc fusion protein.
• methods and uses for treating cancer comprise administering an antibodies or antigen binding fragment thereof that increase the activity of an immune cell.
• the increase of the activity of an immune cell can be detected using any method known in the art.
• the increase in activity of an immune cell can be detected by measuring the proliferation of the immune cell.
• Methods for making an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof are described herein. For example, methods comprising culturing a hybridoma cell that expresses the antibody or fragment thereof under conditions favorable to such expression and, optionally, isolating the antibody or fragment thereof from the hybridoma and/or the growth medium (e.g., cell culture medium).
• the growth medium e.g., cell culture medium
• the anti-CD27 antibodies disclosed herein may also be produced recombinantly (e.g, in an E. colUTl expression system, a mammalian cell expression system or a lower eukaryote expression system).
• Nucleic acids encoding the antibody immunoglobulin molecules of the invention e.g, V H or V L
• V H or V L may be inserted into a pET- based plasmid and expressed in the E. colUTl system.
• methods for expressing an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or immunoglobulin chain thereof in a host cell e.g, bacterial host cell such as E.coli such as BL21 or BL21DE3 are described herein.
• the methods comprise expressing T7 RNA polymerase in the cell which also includes a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin chain that is operably linked to a T7 promoter.
• a bacterial host cell such as a E. coli, includes a polynucleotide encoding the T7 RNA polymerase gene operably linked to a lac promoter and expression of the polymerase and the chain is induced by incubation of the host cell with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG).
• IPTG isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside
• Transformation can be by any known method for introducing polynucleotides into a host cell.
• Methods for introduction of heterologous polynucleotides into mammalian cells are well known in the art and include dextran-mediated transfection, calcium phosphate precipitation, polybrene-mediated transfection, protoplast fusion, electroporation, encapsulation of the polynucleotide(s) in liposomes, biolistic injection and direct microinjection of the DNA into nuclei.
• nucleic acid molecules may be introduced into mammalian cells by viral vectors. Methods of transforming cells are well known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,399,216; 4,912,040; 4,740,461 and 4,959,455.
• Anti-CD27 antibodies can also be synthesized by any of the methods set forth in U.S. Patent No. 6,331,415.
• Eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells including mammalian cells as hosts for expression of the antibodies or fragments thereof or immunoglobulin chains disclosed herein are well known in the art and include many immortalized cell lines available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). These include, inter alia , Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, NSO, SP2 cells, HeLa cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, monkey kidney cells (COS), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (e.g., Hep G2), A549 cells, 3T3 cells, HEK-293 cells and a number of other cell lines.
• Mammalian host cells include human, mouse, rat, dog, monkey, pig, goat, bovine, horse and hamster cells.
• Pichia sp. any Saccharomyces sp., Hansenula polymorpha, my Kluyveromyces sp., Candida albicans, any Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma reesei, Chrysosporium lucknowense, my Fusarium sp., Yarrowia lipolytica, and Neurospora crassa.
• the antibodies are produced by culturing the host cells for a period of time sufficient to allow for expression of the antibody or fragment thereof or chain in the host cells or secretion of the into the culture medium in which the host cells are grown.
• Antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof and immunoglobulin chains can be recovered from the culture medium using standard protein purification methods. Further, expression of antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof and immunoglobulin chains (or other moieties therefrom) are described herein. The expression for examples is achieved from production cell lines that can be enhanced using a number of known techniques. For example, the glutamine synthetase gene expression system (the GS system) is a common approach for enhancing expression under certain conditions. The GS system is discussed in whole or part in connection with European Patent Nos. 0 216 846, 0 256 055, and 0 323 997 and European Patent Application No. 89303964.4.
• the mammalian host cells e.g.
• CHO may lack a glutamine synthetase gene and are grown in the absence of glutamine in the medium wherein, however, the polynucleotide encoding the immunoglobulin chain comprises a glutamine synthetase gene which complements the lack of the gene in the host cell.
• glycoproteins produced in a particular cell line or transgenic animal will have a glycosylation pattern that is characteristic for glycoproteins produced in the cell line or transgenic animal. Therefore, the particular glycosylation pattern of an antibody will depend on the particular cell line or transgenic animal used to produce the antibody.
• all antibodies encoded by the nucleic acid molecules provided herein, or comprising the amino acid sequences provided herein comprise the instant invention, independent of the glycosylation pattern the antibodies may have.
• bispecific and bifunctional antibodies and antigen- binding fragments thereof having a binding specificity for CD27 and another antigen such as, for example, PD-1 or PD-L1, and methods of use thereof are described herein.
• the anti-CD27 chains comprise any one of the VH/VL sequences described in Table 1, for example the anti- PD1 chains comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 14 and 19 or of SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 20 (or an antigen binding fragment thereof of any of said sequences) as shown in Table 1 and/or Table 2.
• a bispecific or bifunctional antibody is an artificial hybrid antibody having two different heavy /light chain pairs and two different binding sites.
• Bispecific antibodies can be produced by a variety of methods including fusion of hybridomas or linking of Fab' fragments. See, e.g ., Songsivilai, et al., (1990) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 79: 315-321, Kostelny, et al., (1992 )J Immunol. 148:1547- 1553.
• bispecific antibodies may be formed as "diabodies” (Holliger, et al., (1993) PNAS USA 90:6444-6448) or as "Janusins” (Traunecker, et al., (1991) EMBO J 10:3655-3659 and Traunecker, et al., (1992) Int. J. Cancer Suppl. 7:51-52).
• Immunoglobulins may be assigned to different classes depending on the amino acid sequences of the constant domain of their heavy chains. In some embodiments, different constant domains may be appended to humanized VL and VH regions derived from the CDRs provided herein. There are at least five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM, and several of these may be further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g. IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4; IgAl and IgA2. Antibodies and antigen-binding fragments of any of these classes or subclasses of antibodies may be utilized and administered.
• immunoglobulins There are at least five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM, and several of these may be further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g. IgGl, IgG2, IgG3
• the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof in various embodiments comprises a heavy chain constant region, e.g. a human constant region, such as g ⁇ , g 2, g 3, or g 4 human heavy chain constant region or a variant thereof.
• the antibody o r antigen- binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant region, e.g. a human light chain constant region, such as lambda or kappa human light chain region or variant thereof.
• the human heavy chain constant region can be g 4 and the human light chain constant region can be kappa.
• the Fc region of the antibody is g 4 with a Ser228Pro mutation (Schuurman, J et. al., Mol. Immunol. 38: 1-8, 2001).
• the anti-CD27 antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof are engineered antibodies to include modifications to framework residues within the variable domains of the monoclonal antibody, e.g. to improve the properties of the antibody or fragment thereof.
• framework modifications are made to decrease the immunogenicity of the antibody or fragment thereof. This is usually accomplished by replacing non-CDR residues in the variable domains (i.e., framework residues) in a parental (e.g, rodent) antibody or fragment thereof with analogous residues from the immune repertoire of the species in which the antibody is to be used, e.g, human residues in the case of human therapeutics.
• Such an antibody or fragment thereof is referred to as a "humanized" antibody or fragment thereof.
• the anti-CD27 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are engineered (e.g., humanized) to include modifications in the framework and/or CDRs to improve their properties.
• engineered changes can be based on molecular modeling.
• a molecular model for the variable region for the parental (non-human) antibody sequence can be constructed to understand the structural features of the antibody and used to identify potential regions on the antibody that can interact with the antigen.
• Conventional CDRs are based on alignment of immunoglobulin sequences and identifying variable regions. Kabat et al ., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Kabat, etal:, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
• Mol Recog. 25, 3, 103-113) analyzed several antibody - antigen crystal complexes and observed that the antigen binding regions in antibodies do not necessarily conform strictly to the “CDR” residues or “hypervariable” loops.
• the molecular model for the variable region of the non-human antibody can be used to guide the selection of regions that can potentially bind to the antigen.
• the potential antigen binding regions based on model differ from the conventional “CDR”s or “hyper variable” loops.
• Commercial scientific software such as MOE (Chemical Computing Group) can be used for molecular modeling. Human frameworks can be selected based on best matches with the non-human sequence both in the frameworks and in the CDRs.
• FR4 (framework 4) in VH VJ regions for the human germlines are compared with the corresponding non-human region.
• FR4 (framework 4) in VL J-kappa and J-Lambda regions of human germline sequences are compared with the corresponding non-human region.
• the CDRs are grafted into the selected human frameworks.
• the certain residues in the VL-VH interface can be retained as in the non-human (parental) sequence.
• Molecular models can also be used for identifying residues that can potentially alter the CDR conformations and hence binding to antigen. In some cases, these residues are retained as in the non-human (parental) sequence.
• Molecular models can also be used to identify solvent exposed amino acids that can result in unwanted effects such as glycosylation, deamidation and oxidation. Developability filters can be introduced early on in the design stage to eliminate/minimize these potential problems.
• Another type of framework modification involves mutating one or more residues within the framework region, or even within one or more CDR regions, to remove T cell epitopes to thereby reduce the potential immunogenicity of the antibody. This approach is also referred to as “deimmunization” and is described in further detail in U.S. Patent No. 7,125,689.
• the antibodies do not contain deamidation or asparagine isomerism sites.
• an asparagine (Asn) residue may be changed to Gin or Ala to reduce the potential for formation of isoaspartate at any Asn-Gly sequences, particularly within a CDR.
• the asparagine is changed to glutamine (Gin). It may also be desirable to alter an amino acid adjacent to an asparagine (Asn) or glutamine (Gin) residue to reduce the likelihood of deamidation, which occurs at greater rates when small amino acids occur adjacent to asparagine or glutamine. See, Bischoff & Kolbe (1994) J. Chromatog. 662:261.
• any methionine residues (typically solvent exposed Met) in CDRs may be changed to Lys, Leu, Ala, or Phe or other amino acids in order to reduce the possibility that the methionine sulfur would oxidize, which could reduce antigen-binding affinity and also contribute to molecular heterogeneity in the final antibody preparation. Id.
• the antibodies e.g ., humanized antibodies
• antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein can also be engineered to include modifications within the Fc region, typically to alter one or more properties of the antibody, such as serum half-life, complement fixation, Fc receptor binding, and/or effector function (e.g, antigen- dependent cellular cytotoxicity).
• the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein e.g, antibody 131 A and humanized versions thereof
• can be chemically modified e.g, one or more chemical moieties can be attached to the antibody
• be modified to alter its glycosylation again to alter one or more properties of the antibody or fragment thereof.
• the numbering of residues in the Fc region is that of the EU index of Kabat.
• the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein also include antibodies and fragments with modified (or blocked) Fc regions to provide altered effector functions. See, e.g, U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,821; and PCT publications numbers W02003/086310; W02005/120571; W02006/0057702. Such modifications can be used to enhance or suppress various reactions of the immune system, with possible beneficial effects in diagnosis and therapy.
• Alterations of the Fc region include amino acid changes (substitutions, deletions and insertions), glycosylation or deglycosylation, and adding multiple Fc regions. Changes to the Fc can also alter the half-life of antibodies in therapeutic antibodies, enabling less frequent dosing and thus increased convenience and decreased use of material. See Presta (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116:731 at 734-35.
• the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein is an IgG4 isotype antibody or fragment thereof comprising a Serine to Proline mutation at a position corresponding to position 228 (S228P; EU index) in the hinge region of the heavy chain constant region.
• S228P Serine to Proline mutation at a position corresponding to position 228
• This mutation has been reported to abolish the heterogeneity of inter-heavy chain disulfide bridges in the hinge region (Angal et al. supra ; position 241 is based on the Kabat numbering system).
• the hinge region of CHI is modified such that the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region is increased or decreased. This approach is described further in U.S. Patent No. 5,677,425.
• the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region of CHI is altered, for example, to facilitate assembly of the light and heavy chains or to increase or decrease the stability of the antibody.
• the Fc hinge region of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is mutated to decrease the biological half-life of the antibody or fragment thereof. More specifically, one or more amino acid mutations are introduced into the CH2-CH3 domain interface region of the Fc- hinge fragment such that the antibody or fragment thereof has impaired Staphylococcyl protein A (SpA) binding relative to native Fc-hinge domain SpA binding.
• SpA Staphylococcyl protein A
• the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is modified to increase its biological half-life.
• the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof e.g., antibody hCD27.131 A and humanized versions thereof
• the antibody is modified to increase its biological half-life.
• the antibody can be altered within the CHI or CL region to contain a salvage receptor binding epitope taken from two loops of a CH2 domain of an Fc region of an IgG, as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,869,046 and 6,121,022.
• the Fc region is altered by replacing at least one amino acid residue with a different amino acid residue to alter the effector function(s) of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
• one or more amino acids selected from amino acid residues 234, 235, 236, 237, 297, 318, 320 and 322 can be replaced with a different amino acid residue such that the antibody has an altered affinity for an effector ligand and retains the antigen-binding ability of the parent antibody.
• the effector ligand to which affinity is altered can be, for example, an Fc receptor or the Cl component of complement. This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,624,821 and 5,648,260.
• one or more amino acids selected from amino acid residues 329, 331 and 322 can be replaced with a different amino acid residue such that the antibody has altered Clq binding and/or reduced or abolished complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
• CDC complement dependent cytotoxicity
• one or more amino acid residues within amino acid positions 231 and 239 are altered to thereby alter the ability of the antibody to fix complement. This approach is described further in PCT Publication WO 94/29351.
• the Fc region is modified to decrease the ability of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g ., antibody hCD27.131A and humanized versions thereof) to mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or to decrease the affinity of the antibody or fragment thereof for an Fey receptor by modifying one or more amino acids at the following positions: 238, 239, 243, 248, 249, 252, 254, 255, 256, 258, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 276, 278, 280, 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 298, 301,
• ADCC antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
• the Fc region is modified to decrease the ability of the antibody (e.g., antibody hCD27.131 A) to mediate effector function and/or to increase anti-inflammatory properties by modifying residues 243 and 264.
• the Fc region of the antibody or fragment thereof is modified by changing the residues at positions 243 and 264 to alanine.
• the Fc region is modified to decrease the ability of the antibody or fragment thereof to mediate effector function and/or to increase anti-inflammatory properties by modifying residues 243, 264, 267 and 328.
• the Fc region of an anti-CD27 antibody is modified to increase or reduce the ability of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to mediate effector function and/or to increase/decrease their binding to the Fc gamma receptors (FcyRs).
• FcyRs Fc gamma receptors
• ADCC antibody dependent dell mediated cytotoxic activity
• CDC complement-dependent cytotoxic activity
• ADCP antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis
• FcR Fc gammaRI
• CD64 Fc gammaRII
• CD32 Fc gammaRII
• CD 16 Fc gammaRIII
• Effector function can be measured in a number of ways including for example via binding of the Fc gammaRIII to Natural Killer cells or via Fc gammaRI to monocytes/macrophages to measure for ADCC effector function.
• an antigen binding protein of the present invention can be assessed for ADCC effector function in a Natural Killer cell assay. Examples of such assays can be found in Shields et al ., 2001 J.Biol. Chem ., Vol. 276, p 6591-6604; Chappel et al. , 1993 J. Biol. Chem., Vol 268, p 25124-25131; Lazar et al, 2006 PNAS, 103; 4005-4010.
• the antigen binding protein of the invention herein described is mutated at positions 239 and 332, for example S239D and I332E or in a further embodiment it is mutated at three or more positions selected from 239 and 332 and 330, for example S239D and I332E and A330L. (EU index numbering).
• an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprising a heavy chain constant region with an altered glycosylation profile such that the antigen binding protein has enhanced effector function.
• the antibody has enhanced ADCC or enhanced CDC or wherein it has both enhanced ADCC and CDC effector function.
• suitable methodologies to produce antigen binding proteins with an altered glycosylation profile are described in PCT publication numbers W02003011878 and W02006014679 and European patent application number EP1229125.
• the present invention provides “non-fucosylated” or “afucosylated” antibodies.
• Non-fucosylated antibodies harbor a tri-mannosyl core structure of complex-type N- glycans of Fc without fucose residue.
• These gly coengineered antibodies that lack core fucose residue from the Fc N-glycans may exhibit stronger ADCC than fucosylated equivalents due to enhancement of Fc gammaRIIIa binding capacity.
• Methods for producing the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof are also described, for example comprising the steps of: a) culturing a recombinant host cell comprising an expression vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid as described herein, wherein the recombinant host cell does not comprise an alpha- 1,6-fucosyltransf erase; and b) recovering the antigen binding protein.
• the recombinant host cell may not normally contain a gene encoding an alpha- 1,6-fucosyltransferase (for example yeast host cells such as Pichia sp.) or may have been genetically modified to inactivate an alpha-1, 6-fucosyltransferase.
• Recombinant host cells which have been genetically modified to inactivate the FUT8 gene encoding an alpha- 1, 6-fucosyltransferase are available. See, e.g., the POTELLIGENTTM technology system available from BioWa, Inc. (Princeton, N.J.) in which CHOK1SV cells lacking a functional copy of the FUT8 gene produce monoclonal antibodies having enhanced antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity that is increased relative to an identical monoclonal antibody produced in a cell with a functional FUT8 gene. Aspects of the POTELLIGENTTM technology system are described in US7214775, US6946292, W00061739 and WO0231240. Those of ordinary skill in the art will also recognize other appropriate systems.
• ADCC antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
• the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments comprise a particular glycosylation pattern.
• an afucosylated or an aglycosylated antibody or fragment thereof can be made (i.e., the antibody lacks fucose or glycosylation, respectively).
• the glycosylation pattern of an antibody or fragment thereof may be altered to, for example, increase the affinity or avidity of the antibody or fragment thereof for a CD27 antigen. Such modifications can be accomplished by, for example, altering one or more of the glycosylation sites within the antibody or fragment thereof sequence.
• one or more amino acid substitutions can be made that result in removal of one or more of the variable region framework glycosylation sites to thereby eliminate glycosylation at that site.
• Such aglycosylation may increase the affinity or avidity of the antibody or fragment thereof for antigen. See, e.g, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,714,350 and 6,350,861.
• Antibodies and antigen-binding fragments may further include those produced in lower eukaryote host cells, in particular fungal host cells such as yeast and filamentous fungi have been genetically engineered to produce glycoproteins that have mammalian- or human-like glycosylation patterns (See for example, Choi etal. , (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100: 5022-5027; Hamilton et al., (2003) Science 301: 1244-1246; Hamilton et al., (2006) Science 313 : 1441- 1443; Nett et al., Yeast 28(3):237-52 (2011); Hamilton etal.
• fungal host cells such as yeast and filamentous fungi have been genetically engineered to produce glycoproteins that have mammalian- or human-like glycosylation patterns
• a particular advantage of these genetically modified host cells over currently used mammalian cell lines is the ability to control the glycosylation profile of glycoproteins that are produced in the cells such that compositions of glycoproteins can be produced wherein a particular N-glycan structure predominates (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 7,029,872 and U.S. Patent No. 7,449,308).
• These genetically modified host cells have been used to produce antibodies that have predominantly particular N-gly can structures (See for example, Li etal., (2006) Nat. Biotechnol. 24: 210-215).
• the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof further include those produced in lower eukaryotic host cells and which comprise fucosylated and non-fucosylated hybrid and complex N-glycans, including bisected and multi antennary species, including but not limited to N-glycans such as GlcNAcp- 4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ; Gal (i-4) GlcNAc (i - 4)Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ; NANA (i -4 ) Gal (i -4 ) GlcNAc (i -4 ) Man3GlcNAc2.
• the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof may comprise antibodies or fragments having at least one hybrid N- glycan selected from the group consisting of G1 cN AcMan Gl cN Ac2; Gal G1 cN AcMan Gl cN Ac2; and NANAGalGlcNAcMan 5 GlcNAc 2 .
• the hybrid N-glycan is the predominant N-glycan species in the composition.
• the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof comprise antibodies and fragments having at least one complex A-gly can selected from the group consisting of GlcNAcMamGlcNAci; GalGlcNAcMamGlcNAci; NANAGalGlcNAcMamGlcNAci; GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; GalGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; GabGlcNAc2Man 3 GlcNAc2; NANAGabGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; and NANA2GabGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2.
• A-gly can selected from the group consisting of GlcNAcMamGlcNAci; GalGlcNAcMamGlcNAci; NANAGalGlcNAcMamGlcNAci; GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; GalGlcNAc2Man3G
• the complex A-glycan are the predominant A-glycan species in the composition.
• the complex A-glycan is a particular A-gly can species that comprises about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% of the complex A- glycans in the composition.
• the antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof provided herein comprise complex N-glycans, wherein at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% of the complex A-glycans comprise the structure NANA2GabGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2, wherein such structure is afucosylated.
• Such structures can be produced, e.g., in engineered Pichia pastoris host cells.
• the A-glycan is fucosylated.
• the fucose is in an al, 3 -linkage with the GlcNAc at the reducing end of the A-glycan, an al, 6-linkage with the GlcNAc at the reducing end of the A-glycan, an al, 2-linkage with the Gal at the non- reducing end of the A-glycan, an al, 3-linkage with the GlcNac at the non-reducing end of the A-glycan, or an al, 4-linkage with a GlcNAc at the non-reducing end of the A-glycan.
• the glycoform is in an al, 3-linkage or al, 6-linkage fucose to produce a glycoform selected from the group consisting of MansGlcNAc2(Fuc), GlcNAcMan5GlcNAc2(Fuc), Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc), GlcNAcMan3GlcNAc2(Fuc), GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc), GalGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc), GabGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc), NANAGabGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc), and NANA2GabGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc); in an al, 3-linkage or al, 4-linkage fucose to produce a glycoform selected from the group consisting of GlcNAc(Fuc), GlcNAcMan5Gl
• the antibodies e.g ., humanized antibodies
• antigen-binding fragments thereof comprise high mannose A-glycans, including but not limited to,
• the complex A-glycans further include fucosylated and non-fucosylated bisected and multi antennary species.
• A-glycan and “glycoform” are used interchangeably and refer to an A -linked oligosaccharide, for example, one that is attached by an asparagine- A- acetylglucosamine linkage to an asparagine residue of a polypeptide.
• A-l inked glycoproteins contain an A-acety 1 gl uco sam i n e residue linked to the amide nitrogen of an asparagine residue in the protein.
• glycoproteins The predominant sugars found on glycoproteins are glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, A-acety 1 gal actosam i ne (GalNAc), A-acety 1 gl ucosam i ne (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (e.g., A-acetyl -neurami ni c acid (NANA)).
• GalNAc A-acety 1 gal actosam i ne
• GlcNAc A-acety 1 gl ucosam i ne
• sialic acid e.g., A-acetyl -neurami ni c acid (NANA)
• A-glycans have a common pentasaccharide core of Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ("Man” refers to mannose; “Glc” refers to glucose; and “NAc” refers to A-acetyl; GlcNAc refers to A- acetylglucosamine).
• Man refers to mannose
• Glc refers to glucose
• NAc refers to A-acetyl
• GlcNAc refers to A- acetylglucosamine
• A-glycan structures are presented with the non-reducing end to the left and the reducing end to the right.
• the reducing end of the A-glycan is the end that is attached to the Asn residue comprising the glycosylation site on the protein.
• /V-glycans differ with respect to the number of branches (antennae) comprising peripheral sugars (e.g ., GlcNAc, galactose, fucose and sialic acid) that are added to the MamGlcNAci ("Man3") core structure which is also referred to as the "trimannose core", the "pentasaccharide core” or the "paucimannose core”.
• A- glycans are classified according to their branched constituents (e.g., high mannose, complex or hybrid).
• a "high mannose” type A-glycan has five or more mannose residues.
• a “complex” type A-glycan typically has at least one GlcNAc attached to the 1,3 mannose arm and at least one GlcNAc attached to the 1,6 mannose arm of a "trimannose" core.
• Complex A-glycans may also have galactose (“Gal”) or A- acetylgalactosamine (“GalNAc”) residues that are optionally modified with sialic acid or derivatives (e.g, "NANA” or "NeuAc”, where "Neu” refers to neuraminic acid and "Ac” refers to acetyl).
• Complex A-glycans may also have intrachain substitutions comprising "bisecting" GlcNAc and core fucose (“Fuc").
• A-glycans may also have multiple antennae on the "trimannose core,” often referred to as “multiple antennary glycans.”
• a “hybrid” N-glycan has at least one GlcNAc on the terminal of the 1,3 mannose arm of the trimannose core and zero or more mannoses on the 1,6 mannose arm of the trimannose core.
• the various N-glycans are also referred to as "gly coforms.”
• G-2 refers to an A-glycan structure that can be characterized as
• G-l refers to an A-glycan structure that can be characterized as
• GlcNAcMan3GlcNAc2 refers to an A-glycan structure that can be characterized as GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2;
• Gl refers to an A-glycan structure that can be characterized as GalGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2;
• G2 refers to an A-glycan structure that can be characterized as Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2;
• Al refers to an A-glycan structure that can be characterized as NANAGal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; and, the term “A2” refers to an A-glycan structure that can be characterized as NANA2Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2- Unless otherwise indicated, the terms G-2", “G-l”, "GO”,
• G1 ", “G2", “Al”, and “A2” refer to A-glycan species that lack fucose attached to the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the A-glycan.
• the term includes an "F”
• the "F” indicates that the A-glycan species contains a fucose residue on the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the A-glycan.
• G0F, GIF, G2F, A1F, and A2F all indicate that the A-glycan further includes a fucose residue attached to the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the A-glycan.
• Lower eukaryotes such as yeast and filamentous fungi do not normally produce A-glycans that produce fucose.
• multi antennary A-glycan refers to A-glycans that further comprise a GlcNAc residue on the mannose residue comprising the non reducing end of the 1,6 arm or the 1,3 arm of the A-glycan or a GlcNAc residue on each of the mannose residues comprising the non-reducing end of the 1,6 arm and the 1,3 arm of the A- glycan.
• multi antennary A-glycans can be characterized by the formulas GlcNAc(2- 4)Man3GlcNAc2, Gal(i_4)GlcNAc(2-4)Man3GlcNAc2, orNANA(i_4)Gal(i_4)GlcNAc(2- 4)Man3GlcNAc2-
• the term "1-4" refers to 1, 2, 3, or 4 residues.
• bisected A-glycan refers to A-glycans in which a GlcNAc residue is linked to the mannose residue at the reducing end of the A- glycan.
• a bisected A-glycan can be characterized by the formula GlcNAc3Man3GlcNAc2 wherein each mannose residue is linked at its non-reducing end to a GlcNAc residue.
• a multi antennary A-glycan is characterized as GlcNAc3Man3GlcNAc2
• the formula indicates that two GlcNAc residues are linked to the mannose residue at the non- reducing end of one of the two arms of the A-glycans and one GlcNAc residue is linked to the mannose residue at the non reducing end of the other arm of the A-glycan.
• the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may further contain one or more glycosylation sites in either the light or heavy chain immunoglobulin variable region. Such glycosylation sites may result in increased immunogenicity of the antibody or fragment thereof or an alteration of the pK of the antibody due to altered antigen-binding (Marshall et al.
• Each antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g., hCD27.131A) will have a unique isoelectric point (pi), which generally falls in the pH range between 6 and 9.5.
• the pi for an IgGl antibody typically falls within the pH range of 7-9.5 and the pi for an IgG4 antibody typically falls within the pH range of 6-8.
• Each antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g, hCD27.131A or other humanized versions thereof) will have a characteristic melting temperature, with a higher melting temperature indicating greater overall stability in vivo (Krishnamurthy R and Manning MC 2002 Curr Pharm Biotechnol 3:361-71).
• the T MI the temperature of initial unfolding
• the melting point of an antibody or fragment thereof can be measured using differential scanning calorimetry (Chen et al, 2003 Pharm Res 20: 1952-60; Ghirlando et al, 1999 Immunol Lett 68:47-52) or circular dichroism (Murray et al, 2002 J. Chromatogr Sci 40:343-9).
• antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are selected that do not degrade rapidly. Degradation of an antibody or fragment thereof can be measured using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and MALDI-MS (Alexander AJ and Hughes DE (1995) Anal Chem 67:3626-32).
• CE capillary electrophoresis
• MALDI-MS Alexander AJ and Hughes DE (1995) Anal Chem 67:3626-312.
• antibodies (e.g ., antibody hCD27.131A and other humanized versions thereof) and antigen-binding fragments thereof are selected that have minimal aggregation effects, which can lead to the triggering of an unwanted immune response and/or altered or unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties.
• antibodies and fragments are acceptable with aggregation of 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less. Aggregation can be measured by several techniques, including size-exclusion column (SEC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and light scattering.
• SEC size-exclusion column
• HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
• the anti-CD27 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may also be conjugated to a chemical moiety.
• the chemical moiety may be, inter alia, a polymer, a radionucleotide or a cytotoxic factor.
• the chemical moiety is a polymer which increases the half-life of the antibody or fragment thereof in the body of a subject.
• Suitable polymers include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic polymers which include but are not limited to polyethylene glycol (PEG) (e.g, PEG with a molecular weight of 2kDa, 5 kDa, 10 kDa, 12kDa, 20 kDa, 30kDa or 40kDa), dextran and monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG).
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• mPEG monomethoxypolyethylene glycol
• the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may also be PEGylated, for example to increase its biological (e.g., serum) half-life.
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• the antibody or fragment thereof typically is reacted with a reactive form of polyethylene glycol (PEG), such as a reactive ester or aldehyde derivative of PEG, under conditions in which one or more PEG groups become attached to the antibody or antibody fragment thereof.
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• the PEGylation is carried out via an acylation reaction or an alkylation reaction with a reactive PEG molecule (or an analogous reactive water-soluble polymer).
• polyethylene glycol is intended to encompass any of the forms of PEG that have been used to derivatize other proteins, such as mono (Cl -CIO) alkoxy- or aryloxy-poly ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol-maleimide.
• the antibody or fragment thereof to be PEGylated is an aglycosylated antibody or fragment thereof.
• Methods for PEGylating proteins are known in the art and can be applied to the antibodies of the invention. See, e.g., EP 0 154 316 and EP 0 401 384.
• the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may also be conjugated with fluorescent or chemilluminescent labels, including fluorophores such as rare earth chelates, fluorescein and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, isothiocyanate, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin,allophycocyanin, o-phthaladehyde, fluorescamine, 152 Eu, dansyl, umbelliferone, luciferin, luminal label, isoluminal label, an aromatic acridinium ester label, an imidazole label, an acridimium salt label, an oxalate ester label, an aequorin label, 2,3 -dihydrophthalazinedi ones, biotin/avidin, spin labels and stable free radicals.
• fluorophores such as rare earth chelates, fluorescein and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, isothiocyanate,
• the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof also be conjugated to a cytotoxic factor such as diptheria toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A chain , ricin A chain, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha-sarcin, Aleurites fordii proteins and compounds (e.g, fatty acids), dianthin proteins, Phytoiacca americana proteins PAPI, PAPII, and PAP-S, momordica charantia inhibitor, curcin, crotin, saponaria officinalis inhibitor, mitogellin, restrictocin, phenomycin, and enomycin.
• a cytotoxic factor such as diptheria toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A chain , ricin A chain, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha-sarcin, Aleurites fordii proteins and compounds (e.g
• any method known in the art for conjugating the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention e.g ., antibody hCD27.131 A
• conjugating the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention e.g ., antibody hCD27.131 A
• any method known in the art for conjugating the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention e.g ., antibody hCD27.131 A
• any method known in the art for conjugating the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention e.g ., antibody hCD27.131 A
• to the various moieties including those methods described by Hunter, et al ., (1962) Nature 144:945; David, et al., (1974) Biochemistry 13:1014; Pain, et al ., (1981) J. Immunol. Meth. 40:219; and
• Such subject suffers from cancer, and may have some other disorder.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is used to treat a patient/ having a solid tumor and/or a cancer characterized by presence of a solid tumor.
• a solid tumor in various embodiments is an abnormal mass of tissue. Solid tumors may be benign, or malignant. Different types of solid tumors are named for the type of cells that form them. Examples of solid tumors are sarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas. Leukemias (cancers of the blood) generally do not form solid tumors. In various embodiments the solid tumor does not contain a cyst and/or a liquid area.
• Exemplary solid tumors include but are not limited to sarcomas and carcinomas such as fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinomas, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, chorio
• cancers that may be treated by the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein include, but are not limited to: lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, thyroid cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome, bladder carcinoma, epidermal carcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancers, ovarian cancer, brain cancers, cancers of mesenchymal origin(e.g ⁇ ., sarcomas), neuroblastomas, kidney carcinomas, hepatomas, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
• lung cancer pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelomono
• a “subject” may be a mammal such as a human, dog, cat, horse, cow, mouse, rat, monkey (e.g., cynomolgus monkey, e.g., Macaca fascicularis) or rabbit.
• the subject is a human subject.
• Patient refers to any single subject for which therapy for a disease (e.g., cancer) or condition is desired or that is participating in a clinical trial, epidemiological study or used as a control, including humans and mammalian veterinary patients such as cattle, horses, dogs, and cats. In Example 1, the patient is a human patient.
• a disease e.g., cancer
• veterinary patients such as cattle, horses, dogs, and cats.
• the patient is a human patient.
• an anti-CD27 antibody e.g, humanized antibody hCD27.131A
• antigen-binding fragment thereof e.g, antigen binding fragments of antibody hCD27.131A or another humanized version thereof
• an anti -cancer agent can be formulated into a single composition for simultaneous delivery or formulated separately into two or more compositions ( e.g ., a kit).
• Each component can be administered to a subject at a different time than when the other component is administered; for example, each administration may be given non- simultaneously (e.g., separately or sequentially) at several intervals over a given period of time.
• the separate components may be administered to a subject by the same or by a different route.
• the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with other, further therapeutic agents and/or therapeutic procedures, for treating or preventing any disease such as cancer, e.g, as discussed herein, in a subject in need of such treatment or prevention.
• Compositions e.g, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, comprising such antibodies and fragments thereof in association with further therapeutic agents are also part of the present invention.
• the present invention provides a method or use of treating cancer in a subject (e.g., a human subject/patient), comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof disclosed herein, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
• a subject e.g., a human subject/patient
• the present invention also provides a method of treating cancer in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof disclosed herein, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
• the present invention also provides a method of increasing the activity of an immune cell, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof disclosed herein.
• the present invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the invention, for use in treatment of cancer as a monotherapy; increasing the activity of an immune cell; or treatment of cancer in combination with a further therapeutic agent.
• the present invention provides use of the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for increasing immune cell activation; treating cancer as a monotherapy; or treating cancer in combination with a further therapeutic agent.
• the present invention provides a combination of an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the invention and a further therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer ; increasing the activity of an immune cell; or treatment of another disorder.
• the subject being treated with the ant-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment suffers from cancer.
• the cancer is a solid tumor.
• the cancer is osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, kidney cancer, leukemia, renal transitional cell cancer, bladder cancer, Wilm’s cancer/tumor, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, bone cancer, lung cancer ( e.g ., non- small cell lung cancer), gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, synovial sarcoma, head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma, renal cell cancer, retinoblastoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, rhabdoid tumor of the kidney, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, brain cancer, glioblastoma, meningiom
• Cancers that may be treated by the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, compositions and methods of the invention include, but are not limited to: Cardiac: sarcoma (angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma), myxoma, rhabdomyoma, fibroma, lipoma and teratoma; Lung: bronchogenic carcinoma (squamous cell, undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell, adenocarcinoma), alveolar (bronchiolar) carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, chondromatous hamartoma, mesothelioma; Gastrointestinal: esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma), stomach (carcinoma, lymphoma, leiomyos
• the invention provides a method of treating cancer or treating an infection or infectious disease in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the invention, or an expression vector or a host cell according to the invention optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
• the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with tumor vaccines.
• tumor vaccines include but are not limited to vaccines for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection caused cancer such as Gardasil ® , Gardasil ® and Cervarix ® ; vaccines that prevent hepatitis B virus caused liver cancer such as Engerix-B ® and Recombivax HB ® ; oncolytic virus therapy that triggers immune response such as Imlygic ® ; DNA vaccines such as Synchotrope MA2M plasmid DNA vaccine and ZYC101; mammaglobin- a DNA vaccine (see Clinical Cancer Res.
• HPV Human Papillomavirus
• vector based vaccines such as PSA-TRICOM (prostvac), PANVAC-VF, Listeria monocytogenes-based PSA vaccine (see Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines, 2014, 2(5) 137- 148), Listeria-mesothelin Adeno-CEA; allogeneic vaccines such as GVAX, BLP-25 (anti- Ankara-mucin 1), Belagenpumatucel-L, TG4010, CIMAvax epidermal growth factor vaccine, NY-ESO, GM.CD40L-CCL21; autologous vaccines such as: Adeno-CD40L, BCG, INGN-225, Dendritic cell vaccines such as Provenge ® (Sipuleucel-T), rF-CEA-MUCl-TRICOM (panvac-DC); antigen vaccines such as MUC-1 (stimuvax), NY-ESO-1, GP-100, MAGE-A3 (melanom
• the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at one dose.
• the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 2 mg, about 7 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 70 mg, about 200 mg, or about 700 mg.
• the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at multiple doses.
• the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered a dose of about 2 mg to about 700 mg.
• the subject or patient is administered about 2 mg, about 7 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 70 mg, about 200 mg, or about 700 mg.
• the subject or the patient is administered 2 mg of the anti- CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered 7 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered 20 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered 30 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered 70 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments of the method, the subject or the patient is administered 200 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments of the method, the subject or the patient is administered 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments of the method, the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 200 mg to about 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments of the method, the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 30 mg to about 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 30 mg, about 200 mg, or about 200 mg to about 700 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment. In various embodiments of the method, the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 30 mg to about 200 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. In various embodiments of the method, the subject or the patient is administered a dose of about 70 mg to about 200 mg of the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
• the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with chemotherapeutic agents.
• the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with radiation therapy.
• the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with targeted therapies.
• targeted therapies include: hormone therapies, signal transduction inhibitors (e.g., EGFR inhibitors, such as cetuximab (Erbitux) and erlotinib (Tarceva)); HER2 inhibitors (e.g., trastuzumab (Herceptin) and pertuzumab (Perjeta)); BCR-ABL inhibitors (such as imatinib (Gleevec) and dasatinib (Sprycel)); ALK inhibitors (such as crizotinib (Xalkori) and ceritinib (Zykadia)); BRAF inhibitors (such as vemurafenib (Zelboraf) and dabrafenib (Tafmlar)), gene expression
• EGFR inhibitors such as cetuximab (Erbitux) and erlotinib (Tarceva)
• the anti-CD27 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof may be used in combination with an anti -cancer therapeutic agent or immunomodulatory drug such as an immunomodulatory receptor inhibitor, e.g, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the receptor.
• an anti -cancer therapeutic agent or immunomodulatory drug such as an immunomodulatory receptor inhibitor, e.g, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the receptor.
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is used in association with one or more of: anti-PDl antibody, anti-PDLl antibody, anti-TIGIT antibody, anti-CTLA4 antibody, anti-CSl antibody (e.g, elotuzumab), anti -KIR2DL 1/2/3 antibody (e.g, lirilumab), anti-CD137 antibody (e.g, urelumab), anti-GITR antibody (e.g, TRX518), anti-PDl antibody (e.g, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, pidilizumab (CT-011)), anti- PD-L1 antibody (e.g, BMS-936559, Durvalumab, MSB0010718C or MPDL3280A), anti- PD-L2 antibody, anti-ILTl antibody, anti-ILT2 antibody, anti-ILT
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g ., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti -PD 1 antibody e.g., pembrolizumab, nivolumab, pidilizumab (CT-011)
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-PDLl antibody e.g, BMS- 936559, Durvalumab, MSB0010718C or MPDL3280A
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CTLA4 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CSl antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-KIR2DL 1/2/3 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD137 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is used in association with an anti-CD137 (e.g, urelumab) antibody
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-GITR e.g, TRX578 antibody
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g ., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-ITLl antibody is used in association with an anti-ITLl antibody.
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-ITL2 antibody e.g., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-ITL3 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-ITL4 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-ITL5 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-ITL6 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-ITL7 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-ITL8 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g ., antibody hCD27.hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD40 antibody e.g ., antibody hCD27.hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g., antibody hCD27.hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-0X40 antibody e.g., antibody hCD27.hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-KIR2DLl antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-KIR2DL2/3 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-KIR2DL4 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131 A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-KIR2DL5A antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131 A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-KIR2DL5B antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-KIR3DL2 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g ., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-KIR3DL3 antibody e.g ., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-NKG2A antibody e.g., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-NKG2C antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-ICOS antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-SIRPa antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is used in association with an anti -4- IBB antibody.
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-IL- 10 antibody e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g ., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• IL-10 or PEGylated IL-10 is used in association with IL-10 or PEGylated IL-10.
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is used in association with one or more of an inhibitor (e.g, a small organic molecule or an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof) such as: an MTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, a cytotoxic agent, a platinum agent, an EGFR inhibitor, a VEGF inhibitor, a microtubule stabilizer, a taxane, a CD20 inhibitor, a CD52 inhibitor, a CD30 inhibitor, a RANK (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B) inhibitor, a STING agonist, a CXCR2 antagonist, a RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) inhibitor, an ERK inhibitor, a MAP Kinase inhibitor, an AKT inhibitor, a MTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, a cytotoxic agent, a platinum agent, an EGFR inhibitor,
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or a humanized version thereof
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is used in association with any one or more of: 13-cis-retinoic acid, 3-[5-
• Non-limiting examples of suitable anti-cancer agents to be used in combination with an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention include cytostatic agents, cytotoxic agents, targeted therapeutic agents (e.g ., small molecules, biologies, siRNA and microRNA) against cancer and neoplastic diseases, 1) anti-metabolites (such as methoxtrexate, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, fludarabine, capecitabine);
• alkylating agents such as temozolomide, cyclophosphamide
• DNA interactive and DNA damaging agents such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin,
• Ionizing irradiation such as radiation therapy
• topoisomerase II inhibitors such as etoposide, doxorubicin
• topoisomerase I inhibitors such as irinotecan, topotecan
• tubulin interacting agents such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, Abraxane, epothilones,
• PARP Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
• Protease inhibitors such as cathepsin D and cathepsin K inhibitors
• Proteosome or ubiquitination inhibitors such as bortezomib
• Bcl-2 inhibitors such as ABT-263
• HSP Heat shock protein
• HD AC Histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as vorinostat (SAHA),
• sex hormone modulating agents a. anti-estrogens, such as tamoxifen, fulvestrant, b. selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM), such as raloxifene, c. anti-androgens, such as bicalutamide, flutamide d.
• LHRH agonists such as leuprolide, e. 5a-reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride, f. Cytochrome P450 C17 lyase (CYP450cl7, also called 17aC); g. aromatase inhibitors, such as letrozole, anastrozole, exemestane,
• EGFR kinase inhibitors such as geftinib, erlotinib, laptinib
• multi -targeted kinases (serine/threonine and/or tyrosine kinase) inhibitors, a. ABL kinase inhibitors, imatinib and nilotinib, dasatinib b. VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, PDGFR, KDR, FLT, c-Kit, Tie2, Raf, MEK and ERK inhibitors, such as sunitinib, sorafenib, Vandetanib, pazopanib, PLX-4032, Axitinib,
• PTK787 GSK- 1120212 c. Polo-like kinase inhibitors d. Aurora kinase inhibitors e. JAK inhibitor f. c-MET kinase inhibitors g. PI3K and mTOR inhibitors, such as GDC-0941, BEZ-235, BKM-120 and AZD-8055 h. Rapamycin and its analogs, such as Temsirolimus, everolimus, and deforolimus i. STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) agonist j . CXCR (CXC Chemokine Receptor) inhibitor, CXCR2 antagonist
• anti-cancer agents include but are not limited to ara-C, adriamycin, cytoxan, Carboplatin, Uracil mustard, Clormethine, Ifosfsmide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Pipobroman, Triethylenemelamine, Triethylenethiophosphoramine, Busulfan, Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin,Dacarbazine, Floxuridine, Cytarabine, 6-Mercaptopurine, 6-Thioguanine, Fludarabine phosphate, Pentostatine, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Vinorelbine, Navelbine, Bleomycin, Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, teniposide, Mithramycin, Deoxycoformycin, Mitomycin
• Farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors such as, SARASARTM(4-[2-[4-[(l lR)-3, 10- dibromo-8-chloro-6, 1 l-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[l,2-b]pyridin-l l-yl-]-l-
• interferons such as Intron A, Peg-Intron,
• anti-erbBl antibodies such as cetuximab, panitumumab,
• anti-erbB2 antibodies such as trastuzumab
• anti-CD52 antibodies such as Alemtuzumab
• anti-CD20 antibodies such as Rituximab
• anti-CD33 antibodies such as Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
• anti-VEGF antibodies such as Avastin
• TRIAL ligands such as Lexatumumab, mapatumumab, and AMG-655
• anti-CTLA-4 antibodies such as ipilimumab
• anti-IGF-lR antibodies such as dalotuzumab and robatumumab (SCH 717454).
• Estrogen receptor modulators refers to compounds that interfere with or inhibit the binding of estrogen to the receptor, regardless of mechanism. Examples of estrogen receptor modulators include, but are not limited to, tamoxifen, raloxifene, idoxifene, LY353381,
• LY117081 toremifene, fulvestrant, 4-[7-(2,2-dimethyl-l-oxopropoxy-4-methyl-2-[4-[2-(l- piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2H-l-benzopyran-3-yl]-phenyl-2,2-dimethylpropanoate, 4,4’- dihydroxybenzophenone-2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazone, and SH646.
• Androgen receptor modulators refers to compounds which interfere or inhibit the binding of androgens to the receptor, regardless of mechanism.
• Examples of androgen receptor modulators include finasteride and other 5a-reductase inhibitors, nilutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide, liarozole, and abiraterone acetate.
• Retinoid receptor modulators refers to compounds which interfere or inhibit the binding of retinoids to the receptor, regardless of mechanism.
• retinoid receptor modulators examples include bexarotene, tretinoin, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, a- difluoromethylomithine, ILX23-7553, trans-N-(4’-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide, and N-4- carboxyphenyl retinamide.
• Cytotoxic/cytostatic agents refer to compounds which cause cell death or inhibit cell proliferation primarily by interfering directly with the cell’s functioning or inhibit or interfere with cell myosis, including alkylating agents, tumor necrosis factors, intercalators, hypoxia activatable compounds, microtubule inhibitors/microtubule-stabilizing agents, inhibitors of mitotic kinesins, histone deacetylase inhibitors, inhibitors of kinases involved in mitotic progression, inhibitors of kinases involved in growth factor and cytokine signal transduction pathways, antimetabolites, biological response modifiers, hormonal/anti- hormonal therapeutic agents, haematopoietic growth factors, monoclonal antibody targeted therapeutic agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, proteosome inhibitors, ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, and aurora kinase inhibitors.
• cytotoxic/cytostatic agents include, but are not limited to, platinum coordinator compounds, sertenef, cachectin, ifosfamide, tasonermin, lonidamine, carboplatin, altretamine, prednimustine, dibromodulcitol, ranimustine, fotemustine, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, heptaplatin, estramustine, improsulfan tosilate, trofosfamide, nimustine, dibrospidium chloride, pumitepa, lobaplatin, satraplatin, profiromycin, cisplatin, irofulven, dexifosfamide, cis-aminedichloro(2-methyl-pyridine)platinum, benzylguanine, glufosfamide, GPX100, (trans, trans, trans)-bis-mu-(hexane-l,
• hypoxia activatable compound is tirapazamine.
• proteosome inhibitors include but are not limited to lactacystin and MLN- 341 (Velcade).
• microtubule inhibitors/microtubule-stabilising agents include taxanes in general. Specific compounds include paclitaxel (Taxol ® ), vindesine sulfate, 3’, 4’ -didehydro- 4’- deoxy-8’-norvincaleukoblastine, docetaxol (Taxotere ® ), rhizoxin, dolastatin, mivobulin isethionate, auristatin, cemadotin, RPR109881, BMS184476, vinflunine, cryptophycin, 2, 3, 4,5,6- pentafluoro-N-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) benzene sulfonamide, anhydrovinblastine, N,N- dimethyl-L-valyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline-t- butylamide, TDX258, the pac
• topoisomerase inhibitors are topotecan, hycaptamine, irinotecan, rubitecan, 6-ethoxypropionyl -3 ⁇ 4’ -O-exo-benzyl idene-chartreusin, 9- me thoxy-N,N-dimethyl-5- nitropyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-2-(6H) propanamine, l-amino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-9- hydroxy-4-methyl-lH,12H-benzo[de]pyrano[3’,4’:b,7]- indolizino[l,2b]quinoline- 10,13(9H,15H)dione, lurtotecan, 7-[2-(N-isopropylamino)ethyl]- (20S)camptothecin, BNP1350, BNPIl lOO, BN80915, BN
• inhibitors of mitotic kinesins are described in patent publication numbers W003/039460, W003/050064, W003/050122, WO03/049527, WO03/049679, WO03/049678, WO04/039774, WO03/079973, W003/099211, W003/105855, W003/106417, W004/037171, W004/058148, W004/058700, WO04/126699, W005/018638, W005/019206, W005/019205, W005/018547, W005/017190, US2005/0176776.
• histone deacetylase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, SAHA, TSA, oxamflatin, PXD101, MG98 and scriptaid. Further reference to other histone deacetylase inhibitors may be found in the following manuscript; Miller, T.A. et al. ./. Med. Chem. 46(24):5097-5116 (2003).
• “Inhibitors of kinases involved in mitotic progression” include, but are not limited to, inhibitors of aurora kinase, inhibitors of Polo-like kinases (PLK; in particular inhibitors of PLK- 1), inhibitors of bub-1 and inhibitors of bub-Rl.
• PLK Polo-like kinases
• An example of an “aurora kinase inhibitor” is VX-680.
• Antiproliferative agents includes antisense RNA and DNA oligonucleotides such as G3139, ODN698, RVASKRAS, GEM231, and INX3001, and antimetabolites such as enocitabine, carmofur, tegafur, pentostatin, doxifluridine, trimetrexate, fludarabine, capecitabine, galocitabine, cytarabine ocfosfate, fosteabine sodium hydrate, raltitrexed, paltitrexid, emitefur, tiazofurin, decitabine, nolatrexed, pemetrexed, nelzarabine, 2’-deoxy-2’- methylidenecytidine, 2 , -fluoromethylene-2 , -deoxycytidine, N-[5-(2, 3-dihydro- benzofuryl)sulfonyl]-N’-(3,4- dichlorophen
• monoclonal antibody targeted therapeutic agents include those therapeutic agents which have cytotoxic agents or radioisotopes attached to a cancer cell specific or target cell specific monoclonal antibody. Examples include Bexxar.
• Prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor refers to a compound which inhibits any one or any combination of the prenyl-protein transferase enzymes, including farnesyl -protein transferase (FPTase), geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGPTase-I), and geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type-II (GGPTase-II, also called Rab GGPTase).
• FPTase farnesyl -protein transferase
• GGPTase-I geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I
• GGPTase-II geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type-II
• prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors can be found in the following publications and patents: WO 96/30343, WO 97/18813, WO 97/21701, WO 97/23478, WO 97/38665, WO 98/28980, WO 98/29119, WO 95/32987, U.S. Patent No. 5,420,245, U.S. Patent No. 5,523,430, U.S. Patent No. 5,532,359, U.S. Patent No. 5,510,510, U.S. Patent No. 5,589,485, U.S. Patent No. 5,602,098, European Patent Publ. 0 618 221, European Patent Publ. 0 675 112, European Patent Publ.
• Angiogenesis inhibitors refers to compounds that inhibit the formation of new blood vessels, regardless of mechanism.
• angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase receptors Flt-1 (VEGFR1) and Flk-l/KDR (VEGFR2), inhibitors of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived, or platelet derived growth factors, MMP (matrix metalloprotease) inhibitors, integrin blockers, interferon-a, interleukin- 12, pentosan poly sulfate, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen as well as selective cyclooxy-genase-2 inhibitors like celecoxib and rofecoxib (.
• NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories
• NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflamm
• steroidal anti-inflammatories such as corticosteroids, mineralocorticoids, dexamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylpred, betamethasone), carboxyamidotriazole, combretastatin A-4, squalamine, 6-0- chloroacetyl-carbonyl)-fumagillol, thalidomide, angiostatin, troponin-1, angiotensin II antagonists (see Fernandez etal., J. Lab. Clin. Med.
• angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, endostatin, ukrain, ranpimase, IM862, 5-methoxy-4-[2-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxiranyl]-l- oxaspiro[2,5]oct-6-yl(chloroacetyl)carbamate, acetyldinanaline, 5-amino-l-[[3,5-dichloro-4-(4- chlorobenzoyl)phenyl]methyl]- 1H- 1 ,2,3 -triazole-4-carboxamide,CM 101, squal amine, combretastatin, RPI4610, NX31838, sulfated mannopentaose phosphate, 7,7-(carbonyl- bis[imino-N-methyl-4,2-pyrrc>locarbonylimino[N-methyl-4,2-pyrrc>le]-carbonylimino]
• agents that modulate or inhibit angiogenesis and may also be used in combination with the compounds of the instant invention include agents that modulate or inhibit the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems (see review in Clin. Chem. La. Med. 38:679- 692 (2000)).
• agents that modulate or inhibit the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways include, but are not limited to, heparin (see Thromb. Haemost. 80:10-23 (1998)), low molecular weight heparins and carboxypeptidase U inhibitors (also known as inhibitors of active thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor [TAFIa]) (see Thrombosis Res . 101:329-354 (2001)).
• TAFIa inhibitors have been described in U.S. Ser. Nos. 60/310,927 (filed August 8, 2001) and 60/349,925 (filed January 18, 2002).
• agents that interfere with receptor tyrosine kinases refer to compounds that inhibit RTKs and therefore mechanisms involved in oncogenesis and tumor progression. Such agents include inhibitors of c-Kit, Eph, PDGF, Flt3 and c-Met. Further agents include inhibitors of RTKs as described by Bume-Jensen and Hunter, Nature , 411:355-365, 2001.
• “Inhibitors of cell proliferation and survival signalling pathway” refer to compounds that inhibit signal transduction cascades downstream of cell surface receptors. Such agents include inhibitors of serine/threonine kinases (including but not limited to inhibitors of Akt such as described in WO 02/083064, WO 02/083139, WO 02/083140, US 2004-0116432, WO
• integrated circuit blockers refers to compounds which selectively antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to the a n b3 integrin, to compounds which selectively antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to the anb5 integrin, to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to both the a n b3 integrin and the a n b5 integrin, and to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract the activity of the particular integrin(s) expressed on capillary endothelial cells.
• the term also refers to antagonists of the a nb6, a nb8, a ⁇ b ⁇ , a 2b ⁇ , a 5b ⁇ , a 6b ⁇ and a 6b4 integrins.
• the term also refers to antagonists of any combination of a nb3, a nb5, a nb6, a nb8, a ⁇ b ⁇ , a 2b ⁇ , a 5b ⁇ , a 6b ⁇ and a 6b4 integrins.
• tyrosine kinase inhibitors include N-(trifluoromethylphenyl)- 5-methylisoxazol-4-carboxamide, 3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5- yl)methylidenyl)indolin-2-one, 17- (allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, 4-(3-chloro-4- fluorophenylamino)-7-methoxy-6-[3- (4-morpholinyl)propoxyl]quinazoline, N-(3- ethynylphenyl)-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4- quinazolinamine, BIBX1382, 2,3,9,10,11,12- hexahydro-10-(hydroxymethyl)-10-hydroxy-9- methyl-9,12-epoxy-lH-diindolo[l,2,3-fg:3 , ,2 , ,l , -kl]
• STI571 A N-4-chlorophenyl-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)-l- phthalazinamine, and EMD121974.
• Combinations of the anti-CD27 antibodies or antigen binding fragments with PPAR-g (i.e ., PPAR-gamma) agonists and PPAR-d (i.e., PPAR-delta) agonists may be useful in the treatment of certain malignancies.
• PPAR-g and PPAR-d are the nuclear peroxisome proliferator- activated receptors g and d.
• the expression of PPAR-g on endothelial cells and its involvement in angiogenesis has been reported in the literature (see Agarwal J. Car diovasc. Pharmacol.
• PPAR-g agonists and PPAR- g/a agonists include, but are not limited to, Lynparza®, Rucaparib®, Talazoparib®, niraparib, Veliparib®, thiazolidinediones (such as DRF2725, CS-011, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone), fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, GW2570, SB219994, AR-H039242, JTT-501, MCC-555, GW2331, GW409544, NN2344, KRP297, NP0110, DRF4158, NN622, GI262570, PNU182716, DRF552926,2-[(5,7- dipropyl-3-trifluoromethyl-l,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)oxy]-2-methylpropionic acid, and 2(R)-7-(3-(
• the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the instant invention may also be useful for treating or preventing breast cancer in combination with aromatase inhibitors.
• aromatase inhibitors include but are not limited to: anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane.
• the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the instant invention may also be useful for treating cancer in combination with the following chemotherapeutic agents: abarelix (Plenaxis depot®); aldesleukin (Prokine®); Aldesleukin (Proleukin®); Alemtuzumabb (Campath®); alitretinoin (Panretin®); allopurinol (Zyloprim®); altretamine (Hexalen®); amifostine (Ethyol®); anastrozole (Arimidex®); arsenic trioxide (Trisenox®); asparaginase (Elspar®); azacitidine (Vidaza®); bendamustine hydrochloride (Treanda®); bevacuzimab
• DepoCyt® dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome®); dactinomycin, actinomycin D (Cosmegen®); dalteparin sodium injection (Fragmin®); Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp®); dasatinib (Spry cel®); daunorubicin liposomal (DanuoXome®); daunorubicin, daunomycin (Daunorubicin®); daunorubicin, daunomycin (Cerubidine®); degarelix (Firmagon®); Denileukin diftitox
• DMAG docetaxel
• doxorubicin Adriamycin PFS®
• doxorubicin Adriamycin®
• Rubex® doxorubicin (Adriamycin PFS Injection®); doxorubicin liposomal (Doxil®); dromostanolone propionate (Dromostanolone ®); dromostanolone propionate (Masterone
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is used in association with one or more antiemetics including, but not limited to: casopitant (GlaxoSmithKline), Netupitant (MGI-Helsinn) and other NK-1 receptor antagonists, palonosetron (sold as Aloxi by MGI Pharma), aprepitant (sold as Emend by Merck and Co.; Rahway, NJ), diphenhydramine (sold as Benadryl® by Pfizer; New York, NY), hydroxyzine (sold as Atarax® by Pfizer; New York, NY), metoclopramide (sold as Reglan® by AH Robins Co,; Richmond, VA), lorazepam (sold as Ativan® by Wyeth; Madison, NJ), alprazolam (sold as Xanax® by Pfizer; New York, NY
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof (e.g., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof) is in association with an agent which treats or prevents such a deficiency, such as, e.g ., filgrastim, PEG-filgrastim, erythropoietin, epoetin alfa or darbepoetin alfa.
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is administered in association with anti -cancer radiation therapy.
• the radiation therapy is external beam therapy (EBT): a method for delivering a beam of high-energy X-rays to the location of the tumor. The beam is generated outside the patient (e.g, by a linear accelerator) and is targeted at the tumor site. These X-rays can destroy the cancer cells and careful treatment planning allows the surrounding normal tissues to be spared. No radioactive sources are placed inside the patient's body.
• the radiation therapy is proton beam therapy: a type of conformal therapy that bombards the diseased tissue with protons instead of X-rays.
• the radiation therapy is conformal external beam radiation therapy: a procedure that uses advanced technology to tailor the radiation therapy to an individual's body structures.
• the radiation therapy is brachytherapy: the temporary placement of radioactive materials within the body, usually employed to give an extra dose — or boost — of radiation to an area.
• a surgical procedure is administered in association with an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof) is surgical tumorectomy.
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof e.g, antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof or a humanized version thereof
• the patient is infused with autologous T cells expanded ex vivo with anti-CD27 specific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof.
• the patient is administered autologous T cells in combination with the anti- CD27 specific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof.
• the patient is vaccinated with a cancer vaccine, and infused with autologous T cells expanded ex vivo with anti-CD27 specific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof.
• the autologous T-cells can be autologous infiltrating lymphocytes, T-cells transduced with high affinity T-cell receptors against tumor antigens or T cells transduced with chimeric antigen receptors composed of hybrid immunoglobulin lights chains with endo-domains of T-cell signaling molecules. See Kalos M. and June C. H., Immunity , 39, 2013, p49-60; Wu R. et al, Cancer J. 2012; 18(2): 160-175; and June, C. H., J. Clin. Invest. 117:1466-1476(2007).
• compositions of the anti-CD27 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments of the invention e.g ., antibody hCD27.131A or antigen-binding fragment thereof and humanized versions thereof
• the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient See, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences and U.S. Pharmacopeia: National Formulary, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA (1984).
• Formulations of therapeutic and diagnostic agents may be prepared by mixing with acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers in the form of, e.g, lyophilized powders, slurries, aqueous solutions or suspensions (see, e.g., Hardman, et al. (2001) Goodman and Gilman ’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY; Gennaro (2000) Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, New York, NY; Avis, et al. (eds.) (1993) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications, Marcel Dekker, NY; Lieberman, etal.
• Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the antibodies or antigen binding fragments thereof, administered alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population).
• the dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index (LD50/ ED50).
• the data obtained from these cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in human.
• the dosage of such compounds lies preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED50 with little or no toxicity.
• the dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration.
• a further therapeutic agent that is administered to a subject in association with an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention in accordance with the Physicians' Desk Reference 2003 (Thomson Healthcare; 57th edition (November 1, 2002)).
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at about 2 mg to about 700 mg.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered at about 2 mg, about 7 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 70 mg, 200mg, or about 700 mg.
• the mode of administration can vary.
• Routes of administration e.g., anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof and the PD-1 antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof
• routes of administration include oral, rectal, transmucosal, intestinal, parenteral; intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramedullary, intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, intraocular, inhalation, insufflation, topical, cutaneous, transdermal, or intra-arterial.
• the anti-CD27 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is administered intravenously or subcutaneously.
• the anti-CD27 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention can be administered by an invasive route such as by injection.
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or pharmaceutical composition thereof is administered intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intraarterially, intratumorally, or by inhalation, aerosol delivery.
• Administration by non- invasive routes e.g ., orally; for example, in a pill, capsule or tablet) is also within the scope of the present invention.
• a vessel e.g., a plastic or glass vial, e.g, with a cap or a chromatography column, hollow bore needle or a syringe cylinder
• a vessel e.g., a plastic or glass vial, e.g, with a cap or a chromatography column, hollow bore needle or a syringe cylinder
• the present invention also provides an injection device comprising any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
• An injection device is a device that introduces a substance into the body of a patient via a parenteral route, e.g, intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous.
• an injection device may be a syringe (e.g, pre-filled with the pharmaceutical composition, such as an auto-injector) which, for example, includes a cylinder or barrel for holding fluid to be injected (e.g, antibody or fragment thereof or a pharmaceutical composition thereof), a needle for piecing skin and/or blood vessels for injection of the fluid; and a plunger for pushing the fluid out of the cylinder and through the needle bore.
• an injection device that comprises an antibody or antigen- binding fragment thereof of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof is an intravenous (IV) injection device.
• Such a device includes the antibody or fragment thereof or a pharmaceutical composition thereof in a cannula or trocar/needle which may be attached to a tube which may be attached to a bag or reservoir for holding fluid (e.g, saline; or lactated ringer solution comprising NaCl, sodium lactate, KC1, CaCh and optionally including glucose) introduced into the body of the patient through the cannula or trocar/needle.
• fluid e.g, saline; or lactated ringer solution comprising NaCl, sodium lactate, KC1, CaCh and optionally including glucose
• the antibody or fragment thereof or a pharmaceutical composition thereof may, in an embodiment of the invention, be introduced into the device once the trocar and cannula are inserted into the vein of a subject and the trocar is removed from the inserted cannula.
• the IV device may, for example, be inserted into a peripheral vein (e.g ., in the hand or arm); the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava, or within the right atrium of the heart (e.g., a central IV); or into a subclavian, internal jugular, or a femoral vein and, for example, advanced toward the heart until it reaches the superior vena cava or right atrium (e.g, a central venous line).
• an injection device is an autoinjector; a jet injector or an external infusion pump.
• a jet injector uses a high-pressure narrow jet of liquid which penetrate the epidermis to introduce the antibody or fragment thereof or a pharmaceutical composition thereof to a patient’s body.
• External infusion pumps are medical devices that deliver the antibody or fragment thereof or a pharmaceutical composition thereof into a patient’s body in controlled amounts. External infusion pumps may be powered electrically or mechanically.
• Different pumps operate in different ways, for example, a syringe pump holds fluid in the reservoir of a syringe, and a moveable piston controls fluid delivery, an elastomeric pump holds fluid in a stretchable balloon reservoir, and pressure from the elastic walls of the balloon drives fluid delivery.
• a set of rollers pinches down on a length of flexible tubing, pushing fluid forward.
• fluids can be delivered from multiple reservoirs at multiple rates.
• the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may also be administered with a needleless hypodermic injection device; such as the devices disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,620,135; 6,096,002; 5,399,163; 5,383,851; 5,312,335; 5,064,413; 4,941,880; 4,790,824 or 4,596,556.
• a needleless hypodermic injection device such as the devices disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,620,135; 6,096,002; 5,399,163; 5,383,851; 5,312,335; 5,064,413; 4,941,880; 4,790,824 or 4,596,556.
• Such needleless devices comprising the pharmaceutical composition are also part of the present invention.
• the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may also be administered by infusion. Examples of well-known implants and modules for administering the pharmaceutical compositions include those disclosed in: U.S. Patent No. 4,487,603, which discloses an implantable micro-infusion
• U.S. Patent No. 4,447,233 which discloses a medication infusion pump for delivering medication at a precise infusion rate
• U.S. Patent No. 4,447,224 which discloses a variable flow implantable infusion apparatus for continuous drug delivery
• U.S. Patent. No. 4,439,196 which discloses an osmotic drug delivery system having multi-chamber compartments.
• Many other such implants, delivery systems, and modules are well known to those skilled in the art and those comprising the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
• a tumor e.g ., a CD27 + tumor.
• a targeted drug delivery system for example, in a liposome coated with a tissue-specific antibody, targeting, for example, a tumor e.g. , a CD27 + tumor, e.g. , characterized by immunopathology.
• the liposomes will be targeted to and taken up selectively by the afflicted tissue. Such methods and liposomes are part of the present invention.
• the administration regimen depends on several factors, including the serum or tissue turnover rate of the therapeutic antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the level of symptoms, the immunogenicity of the therapeutic antibody, and the accessibility of the target cells in the biological matrix.
• the administration regimen delivers sufficient therapeutic antibody or fragment thereof to effect improvement in the target disease state, while simultaneously minimizing undesired side effects.
• the amount of biologic delivered depends in part on the particular therapeutic antibody and the severity of the condition being treated. Guidance in selecting appropriate doses of therapeutic antibodies or fragments is available (see, e.g. , Wawrzynczak (1996) Antibody Therapy , Bios Scientific Pub.
• the patient is provided a short repeated exposure of the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof rather than continuous exposure.
• the patient is provided a continuous exposure.
• Determination of the appropriate dose is made by the clinician, e.g. , using parameters or factors known or suspected in the art to affect treatment. Generally, the dose begins with an amount somewhat less than the optimum dose and it is increased by small increments thereafter until the desired or optimum effect is achieved relative to any negative side effects.
• Important diagnostic measures include those of symptoms of, e.g. , the inflammation or level of inflammatory cytokines produced.
• a biologic that will be used is derived from the same species as the animal targeted for treatment, thereby minimizing any immune response to the reagent.
• humanized and fully human antibodies may be desirable.
• Antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be provided by continuous infusion, or by doses administered, e.g., daily, 1-7 times per week, weekly, bi weekly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, semiannually, annually etc.
• Doses may be provided, e.g, intravenously, subcutaneously, topically, orally, nasally, rectally, intramuscular, intracerebrally, intraspinally, or by inhalation (see, e.g., Yang, et al, 2003 New Engl. J. Med. 349:427-434; Herold, et al, 2002 New Engl. J.Med. 346:1692-1698; Liu, et al, 1999 J. Neurol. Neurosurg.
• Doses may also be provided to achieve a pre-determined target concentration of anti-CD27 antibody in the subject’s serum.
• kits comprising one or more components that include, but are not limited to, an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, as discussed herein (e.g., as described in Table 1) alone or in association with one or more additional components including, but not limited to a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or a therapeutic agent, as discussed herein.
• the antibody or fragment thereof and/or the therapeutic agent can be formulated as a pure composition or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in a pharmaceutical composition.
• the kit includes an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof in one container (e.g., in a sterile glass or plastic vial) and/or a therapeutic agent and a pharmaceutical composition thereof in another container (e.g, in a sterile glass or plastic vial).
• the kit comprises a combination of the invention, including an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention along with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, optionally in combination with one or more therapeutic agents formulated together, optionally, in a pharmaceutical composition, in a single, common container.
• the kit can include a device for performing such administration.
• the kit can include one or more hypodermic needles or other injection devices as discussed above.
• the kit can include a package insert including information concerning the pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms in the kit.
• information concerning the pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms in the kit aids patients and physicians in using the enclosed pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms effectively and safely.
• the following information regarding a combination of the invention may be supplied in the insert: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical studies, efficacy parameters, indications and usage, contraindications, warnings, precautions, adverse reactions, overdosage, proper dosage and administration, how supplied, proper storage conditions, references, manufacturer/distributor information and patent information.
• an anti-CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention can be provided in a kit, /. e. , a packaged combination of reagents in predetermined amounts with instructions for performing the therapeutic assay.
• kits comprising an anti-CD27 antibody (e.g, humanized antibody) or antigen-binding fragment thereof packaged in a container, such as a vial or bottle, and further comprising a label attached to or packaged with the container, the label describing the contents of the container and providing indications and/or instructions regarding use of the contents of the container to treat one or more disease states as described herein.
• an anti-CD27 antibody e.g, humanized antibody
• a container such as a vial or bottle
• a label attached to or packaged with the container the label describing the contents of the container and providing indications and/or instructions regarding use of the contents of the container to treat one or more disease states as described herein.
• the kit is for treating cancer and comprises an anti-CD27 antibody (e.g, a humanized antibody for example listed in Table 1) or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a further therapeutic agent or a vaccine.
• the kit may optionally further include a syringe for parenteral, e.g, intravenous, administration.
• the kit comprises an anti-CD27 antibody (e.g, humanized antibody for example listed in Table 1) or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a label attached to or packaged with the container describing use of the antibody or fragment with the vaccine or further therapeutic agent.
• the kit comprises the vaccine or further therapeutic agent and a label attached to or packaged with the container describing use of the vaccine or further therapeutic agent with the anti-CD27 antibody or fragment.
• an anti- CD27 antibody and vaccine or further therapeutic agent are in separate vials or are combined together in the same pharmaceutical composition.
• vaccines for infectious disease may be used in combination with the anti- CD27 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, for example, COM VAX ® , M-M-R ® II, Pedvax HIB ® , PNEUMOVAX ® 23, ProQuad ® , RotaTeq ® , VARIVAX ® , and ZOSTAVAX ® .
• concurrent administration of two therapeutic agents may not require that the agents be administered at the same time or by the same route, as long as there is an overlap in the time period during which the agents are exerting their therapeutic effect.
• Simultaneous or sequential administration is contemplated, as is administration on different days or weeks.
• the therapeutic disclosed herein may also be prepared that comprise at least one of the antibody, peptide, antigen-binding fragment thereof, or polynucleotide disclosed herein and instructions for using the composition as a detection reagent or therapeutic agent.
• Containers for use in such kits may typically comprise at least one vial, test tube, flask, bottle, syringe or other suitable container, into which one or more of the detection and/or therapeutic composition(s) may be placed, and preferably suitably aliquoted. Where a second therapeutic agent is also provided, the kit may also contain a second distinct container into which this second detection and/or therapeutic composition may be placed.
• kits disclosed herein will also typically include a means for containing the vial(s) in close confinement for commercial sale, such as, e.g ., injection or blow-molded plastic containers into which the desired vial(s) are retained.
• the labeling agent may be provided either in the same container as the detection or therapeutic composition itself, or may alternatively be placed in a second distinct container means into which this second composition may be placed and suitably aliquoted.
• the detection reagent and the label may be prepared in a single container means, and in most cases, the kit will also typically include a means for containing the vial(s) in close confinement for commercial sale and/or convenient packaging and delivery.
• a device or apparatus for carrying out the detection or monitoring methods described herein may include a chamber or tube into which sample can be input, a fluid handling system optionally including valves or pumps to direct flow of the sample through the device, optionally filters to separate plasma or serum from blood, mixing chambers for the addition of capture agents or detection reagents, and optionally a detection device for detecting the amount of detectable label bound to the capture agent immunocomplex.
• the flow of sample may be passive (e.g.
• a processor also provided is a processor, a computer readable memory, and a routine stored on the computer readable memory and adapted to be executed on the processor to perform any of the methods described herein.
• suitable computing systems, environments, and/or configurations include personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, settop boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, or any other systems known in the art.
• Monoclonal, polyclonal, and humanized antibodies can be prepared (see, e.g, Sheperd and Dean (eds.) (2000) Monoclonal Antibodies, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, NY;
• Bispecific antibodies are also provided (see, e.g., Azzoni etal, 1998 J. Immunol. 161:3493; Kita etal, 1999 J. Immunol. 162:6901; Merchant etal, 2000 J. Biol. Chem. 74:9115; Pandey et al, 2000 J. Biol. Chem. 275:38633; Zheng etal, 2001 J. Biol Chem. 276:12999; Propst etal, 2000 J. Immunol. 165:2214; Long, 1999 Ann. Rev. Immunol. 17:875).
• Animals can be immunized with cells bearing the antigen of interest. Splenocytes can then be isolated from the immunized animals, and the splenocytes can be fused with a myeloma cell line to produce a hybridoma (see, e.g., Meyaard et al, 1997 Immunity 7:283-290; Wright et al, 2000 Immunity 13:233-242; Preston et al. , supra ; Kaithamana et al, 1999 J Immunol. 163:5157-5164).
• Fluorescent reagents suitable for modifying nucleic acids, includingnucleic acid primers and probes, polypeptides, and antibodies, for use, e.g, as diagnostic reagents are available (Molecular Probes (2003) Catalogue, Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR; Sigma-Aldrich (2003) Catalogue, St. Louis, MO).
• EXAMPLE 1 A Phase 1 Study of CD-27 antibody hCD27.131A as a monotherapy and in combination with Pembrolizumab in participants with advanced solid tumors
• a multi-site, multi-arm, dose escalation, dose confirmation, dose expansion phase 1 study was performed.
• Humanized antibody hCD27.131A is being developed for the treatment of solid tumors. This study was the first-in-human study of antibody hCD27.131A and was designed to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of escalating doses of antibody hCD27.131A when used as monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab in participants with advanced solid tumors who have received or been intolerant to all treatment known to confer clinical benefit. The effect of antibody hCD27.131A on tumor size was explored.
• the Arm 3 cohort in the dose escalation/dose confirmation phase of the study assessed the safety and tolerability of treatment with antibody hCD27.131A in combination with pembrolizumab and standard chemotherapy in participants with non-squamous NSCLC.
• the dose expansion phase of the study further examined safety and exploratory efficacy of antibody hCD27.131A when used as monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab in specific tumor types as described herein. See Table 5.
• Arm 1 Escalating doses of humanized antibody hCD27.131A given once every 3 weeks (Q3W) as monotherapy; or
• Arm 3 30 mg humanized antibody hCD27.131 A in combination with 200 mg pembrolizumab, 500 mg/m 2 pemetrexed, and AUC 5 mg/mL/min carboplatin, all given Q3W.
• TNBC triple-negative breast cancer
• Arm 2b 30 mg humanized antibody hCD27.131 A in combination with 200 mg pembrolizumab, both given Q3W; or Arm 2c: 30 mg humanized antibody hCD27.131A in combination with 400 mg pembrolizumab, both given once every 6 weeks (Q6W).
• Study treatment in Arms 1, 2, 3, la, 2a, and 2b was administered by IV infusion Q3W.
• Study treatment in Arm 2c was administered by IV infusion Q6W.
• the antibody hCD27.131 A was administered over a period of approximately 90 minutes in all treatment arms. Based on preliminary safety information from the ongoing study, all participants treated with antibody hCD27.131A were prophylactically premedicated, 1.5 hours ( ⁇ 30 minutes) before infusion of antibody hCD27.131 A with the following:
• antibody hCD27.131 A and pembrolizumab were given for up to 35 cycles.
• antibody hCD27.131 A were given for up to 6 months and pembrolizumab will be given for up to 35 cycles.
• antibody hCD27.131 A were given for up to 6 months and pembrolizumab were given for up to 18 cycles.
• Table 6 Shown below is Table 6 with a listing of the objectives and endpoints for the male and female participants with advanced solid tumors who are at least 18 years of age who were included in the study: Table 6. Objects and endpoints for the study
• Protocol waivers or exemptions Male and female participants with advanced solid tumors who were at least 18 years of age on the day of signing consent were enrolled in this study. Prospective approval of protocol deviations to recruitment and enrollment criteria, also known as protocol waivers or exemptions, was not permitted.
• Dose Escalation/Confirmation Phase (Arms 1 and 2): Had a histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced/metastatic solid tumor by pathology report and had received or been intolerant to all treatment known to confer clinical benefit.
• Dose Escalation/Confirmation Phase (Arm 3): Had a histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of stage IV (Mia or Mlb per current AJCC criteria, edition 8; see the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th Edition) non-squamous NSCLC. Note: Mixed tumors were categorized by the predominant cell type; if small cell elements were present, the participant was ineligible.
• Participants may have been untreated or could have received and progressed on 1 prior regimen.
• EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
• ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutant tumors
• EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
• LDH lactate dehydrogenase
• Dose Expansion Phase (Arm la, 2b, and 2c): Had a diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Participants must have received or been intolerant to no more than 2 prior lines of treatment known to confer clinical benefit. Prior therapy should have included: platinum-containing regimens for early-stage or metastatic disease. Enrollment was be capped at a maximum of 5-7 participants per treatment arm who were PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment-refractory * .
• Participants who were re-treated with anti-PD-l/PD-Ll mAh and participants who were on maintenance with anti-PD-l/PD-Ll mAh were not be considered to have PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment-refractory disease if more than 12 weeks elapsed between disease progression and the last treatment date (with anti-PDl/PD-Ll therapy).
• CNS central nervous system
• HIV human immunodeficiency virus
• HIV 1 or 2 antibodies HIV 1 or 2 antibodies
• active and acute Hepatitis B or C infections e.g., positive for HBsAg/HBV DNA or HCV
• RNA RNA
• live vaccines include, but were not limited to, the following: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal flu vaccines that do not contain live viruses were permitted. Intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., FluMist®) as live attenuated vaccines and were not permitted.
• live vaccines include, but were not limited to, the following: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal flu vaccines that do not contain live viruses were permitted. Intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., FluMist®) as live attenuated vaccines and were not permitted.
• Prior/Concurrent Clinical Study Experience 24 Was currently participating and receiving study therapy in a study of an investigational agent or had participated and received study therapy in a study of an investigational agent or had used an investigational device within 28 days before the first dose of study treatment.
• DLT dose-limiting toxicities
• Treatment-related adverse events were reported in 40 patients (90.9%), 22 patients (88.0%) receiving antibody hCD27.131A and 18 patients (94.7%) receiving antibody hCD27.131 A plus pembrolizumab. See Table 8. The most common TRAEs were fatigue (28.0%) and infusion-related reactions (28.0%) with treatment with antibody hCD27.131A and fatigue (36.8%) and pruritus (31.6%) with a combination treatment of antibody hCD27.131A and pembrolizumab. See Table 9.
• Grade 3-4 TRAEs were reported in 10 patients (22.7%); the TRAEs were reported in 6 patients (24.0%) receiving antibody hCD27.131 A and 4 patients (21.1%) receiving antibody hCD27.131 A plus pembrolizumab. See Table 10. No grade 5 events were observed. Data show that there were confirmed responses.
• Table 9 Treatment-Related Adverse Events (>10% in any arm) a aEvents per MedDRA preferred terms and determined by investigator to be related to the drug.
• Efficacy and activity of the hCD27.131A antibody were analyzed. Early antitumor activity was observed in patients with advanced solid tumors in both the monotherapy and the combination therapy arms.
• FIG. 1A and FIG. IB show the best percentage change from baseline in target lesions. See also FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B.
• a duration of response and a summary of best overall response is shown in Table 11 and Table 12. It was observed that patients did show a response to the monotherapy and combination treatments described herein.
• Data show 1 patient achieved confirmed PR when treated with antibody hCD27.131 A, one patient achieved confirmed PR with a combination treatment with antibody hCD27.131 A pembrolizumab, and in the crossover phase, two patients achieved confirmed CR and 2 patients achieved confirmed PR with a combination treatment with antibody hCD27.131A and pembrolizumab.
• Serum and blood samples from the subjects treated with antibody hCD27.131A were subsequently analyzed for PD and PK of the antibody during cycle 1.
• Data show dose proportional decreases in CD27 receptor availability on T-cells in blood with increasing antibody doses generally approaching target saturation at >200mg. See also receptor availability data shown in FIG. 4.
• preliminary PD profiles of antibody hCD27.131 A elicited on-treatment immune effects in serum and blood including: transient increases in chemotactic chemokine MPMb (FIG. 5A); decreases in T-cell subsets including regulatory T- cells (FIG. 5B); and increases in the frequency of HLA-DR+ activated T-cells (FIG. 5C).
• FIG. 5A transient increases in chemotactic chemokine MPMb
• FIG. 5B decreases in T-cell subsets including regulatory T- cells
• increases in the frequency of HLA-DR+ activated T-cells FIG.
• 6A shows the serum concentrations of antibody hCD27.131A following intravenous doses of the antibody from 2 mg to 700 mg in cycle 1. See also FIG. 6B.
• the half-life (T 1 ⁇ 2) calculated in the PK analysis ranged from 4 days at 20 mg to 15 days at 200 mg in cycle 1.
• Preliminary PK profiles of antibody hCD27.131 A exposures may suggest that target-mediated clearance of the antibody is saturated at 200 mg. Summary
• FIG. 2B set forth the best percentage change from baseline in target lesions (RECIST vl.l, Investigator Review).
• FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B set forth a diagram of the treatment duration and response (RECIST vl.l, Investigator Review).
• a summary of the anti-tumor activity (RECIST vl.l, Investigator Review) is set forth below in Table 12. See also Table 11
• Table 14 Table 13. Subject Characteristics (ASaT Population in Initial Treatment Phase) Table 14. Subject Characteristics (ASaT Population in Initial Treatment Phase) In this first-in-human study, the anti-CD27 hCD27.131A antibody given as monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab was well tolerated and had manageable safety across all doses tested. A summary of the adverse events is listed below in Table 15. The data show that the safety profile was acceptable with manageable drug-related adverse effects.
• Dose escalation data were analyzed for each prespecified dose level for the subjects administered the anti- anti-CD27 hCD27.131A antibody and pembrolizumab combination treatment. DLT analysis was also performed. See Table 16. The DLT summary in Table 16 shows data for initial treatment phase in the dose escalation part of the study. There was no DLT observed in the crossover phase in the dose escalation part of the study. The disposition of the patients on monotherapy and combination therapy was also analyzed. The duration of response is shown in Table 17. Exemplary waterfall plots of percent target lesion change from baseline in participants who received escalating doses of hCD27.131A antibody as combination therapy with pembrolizumab are shown in FIG. 7.
• Preliminary efficacy data were available for patients with TNBC treated with 30 mg antibody hCD27.131A Q3W in combination with 200 mg pembrolizumab Q3W as part of the dose expansion portion study.
• An exemplary waterfall plot of maximum target lesion change from baseline based on investigator assessment per RECIST 1.1 (for TNBC: 30 mg of antibody hCD27.131A antibody Q3W + 200 mg of Pembrolizumab Q3W) is shown in FIG. 8.
• Preliminary efficacy data was also obtained for those patients having endometrial cancer, and these data are included in Table 18.

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