WO2021086551A1

WO2021086551A1 - Vacuum chuck having independently actuatable sets of vacuum ports and method of manufacturing a curved glass article using same

Info

Publication number: WO2021086551A1
Application number: PCT/US2020/054344
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jeffrey M Benjamin; Jordon Thomas BOGGS; David Anthony HIRTLER; Atul Kumar; Jinfa MOU
Original assignee: Corning Incorporated
Priority date: 2019-10-29
Filing date: 2020-10-06
Publication date: 2021-05-06

Abstract

Embodiments of a method of cold-forming a glass article are disclosed. In the method, a chuck including a bending surface and a plurality of vacuum ports extending to the bending surface is provided. The plurality of vacuum ports includes a first set of ports and a second set of ports, and the bending surface has a first curvature. Vacuum pressure through the first set of ports is created. The bending surface of the chuck is contacted with a first portion of a glass sheet over the first set of ports. Vacuum pressure through the second set of ports is created. The glass sheet is bent such that a second portion of the glass sheet contacts the bending surface over the second set of ports and so that the glass sheet conforms to the first curvature. The glass sheet remains below the glass transition temperature during the bending step.

Description

VACUUM CHUCK HAVING INDEPENDENTUY ACTUATABUE SETS OF VACUUM PORTS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A CURVED GUASS ARTICUE USING

SAME

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 62/927,358 filed on October 29, 2019 the content of which is relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

[0002] The disclosure relates to curved glass articles and methods for forming the same, and more particularly to a vacuum chuck for forming a curved glass article with a cold- formed or cold-bent cover glass and methods for forming the same.

[0003] Vehicle interiors include curved surfaces and can incorporate displays in such curved surfaces. The materials used to form such curved surfaces are typically limited to polymers, which do not exhibit the durability and optical performance as glass. As such, curved glass sheets are desirable, especially when used as covers for displays. Existing methods of forming such curved glass sheets, such as thermal forming, have drawbacks including high cost, optical distortion, and surface marking. Accordingly, Applicant has identified a need for vehicle interior systems that can incorporate a curved glass sheet in a cost-effective manner and without problems typically associated with glass thermal forming processes.

SUMMARY

[0004] According to an aspect, embodiments of the disclosure relate to a method of cold forming a glass article. In the method, a chuck including a bending surface and a plurality of vacuum ports extending to the bending surface is provided. The plurality of vacuum ports includes a first set of ports and a second set of ports, and the bending surface has a first curvature. Vacuum pressure through the first set of ports is created. The bending surface of the chuck is contacted with a first portion of a glass sheet over the first set of ports. Vacuum pressure through the second set of ports is created. The glass sheet is bent such that a second portion of the glass sheet contacts the bending surface over the second set of ports and so that the glass sheet conforms to the first curvature. The glass sheet remains below the glass transition temperature during the bending step.

[0005] According to another aspect, embodiments of the disclosure relate to a kit for cold forming a glass article having a desired radius of curvature. The kit includes a glass sheet having a first major surface and a second major surface opposite to the first major surface. The first major surface and the second major surface are connected by a minor surface and define a glass thickness therebetween. The thickness is 2 mm or less. The kit also includes a frame having a curved surface defining a first radius of curvature that is less than the desired curvature. The first radius of curvature of the frame is configured to open to the desired radius of curvature when the second major surface of the glass sheet is adhered to curved surface of the frame.

[0006] According to still another aspect, embodiments of the disclosure relate to a vacuum chuck for cold-bending a glass article having a desired radius of curvature. The vaccum chuck includes a chuck body having a bending surface and a plurality of vacuum ports. The plurality of vacuum ports have an opening at the bending surface. The bending surface defines at least one curvature having a first radius of curvature. The plurality of vacuum ports includes a first set of ports, a second set of ports, and a third set of ports. Each of the first, second, and third sets of ports is independently actuatable from the other of the first, second, or third set of ports.

[0007] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

[0008] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary, and are intended to provide an overview or framework to understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiment s), and together with the description serve to explain principles and operation of the various embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] FIG. l is a perspective view of a vehicle interior with vehicle interior systems, according to exemplary embodiments.

[0010] FIG. 2 depicts a curved glass article, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0011] FIG. 3 depicts an embodiment of a vacuum chuck having vacuum ports configured to activate in stages during a cold-bending process, according to an exemplary embodiment; [0012] FIGS. 4-8 depict a vacuum chuck configured for applying a vacuum to a glass sheet at various stages of activation of the vacuum ports and bending of the glass sheet, according to exemplary embodiments.

[0013] FIG. 9 depicts another embodiment of a vacuum chuck having vacuum ports connected to multiple vacuum sources, according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0014] FIGS. 10 and 11 depict embodiments of a method for cold-bending a glass sheet, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0015] FIGS. 12 and 13 depict additional embodiments of methods for cold-bending a glass article using a two piece frame, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0016] FIG. 14 depicts a glass sheet with exemplary dimensions, according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In general, a vehicle interior system may include a variety of different curved surfaces that are designed to be transparent, such as curved display surfaces, and the present disclosure provides articles and methods for forming these curved surfaces from a glass material. Forming curved vehicle surfaces from a glass material provides a number of advantages compared to the typical curved plastic panels that are conventionally found in vehicle interiors. For example, glass is typically considered to provide enhanced functionality and user experience in many curved cover material applications, such as display applications and touch screen applications, compared to plastic cover materials.

[0018] Accordingly, as will be discussed in more detail below, Applicant has developed a curved glass article for a vehicle interior component, such as a vehicle interior display, and related manufacturing processes that provide an efficient and cost effective way to form such an article utilizing a cold-bent glass sheet.

[0019] In particular embodiments, the curved glass article is formed using a vacuum chuck configured to activate vacuum ports in stages. In an exemplary embodiment, the vacuum chuck activates ports in a flat section where the glass article is initially contacted against a bending surface of a vacuum chuck. As the glass sheet is bent over the vacuum chuck, vacuum ports in the bend region are activated. In this way, a strong vacuum is created between the glass sheet and vacuum chuck in each section of the glass article. Advantageously, as compared to conventional glass articles formed without staging the application of the vacuum during cold-bending, the presently disclosed curved glass articles have substantially reduced or no MURA defects (i.e., unevenness in brightness or darkness in display regions caused by, e.g., uneven bonding of the glass sheet to the display or to the frame). Various aspects and advantages of the curved glass article and method of forming same will be described in relation to the exemplary embodiments described herein and shown in the figures.

[0020] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary vehicle interior 1000 that includes three different embodiments of a vehicle interior system 100, 200, 300. Vehicle interior system 100 includes a frame, shown as center console base 110, with a curved surface 120 including a curved display 130. Vehicle interior system 200 includes a frame, shown as dashboard base 210, with a curved surface 220 including a curved display 230. The dashboard base 210 typically includes an instrument panel 215 which may also include a curved display. Vehicle interior system 300 includes a frame, shown as steering wheel base 310, with a curved surface 320 and a curved display 330. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle interior system includes a frame that is an arm rest, a pillar, a seat back, a floor board, a headrest, a door panel, or any portion of the interior of a vehicle that includes a curved surface. In other embodiments, the frame is a portion of a housing for a free-standing display (i.e., a display that is not permanently connected to a portion of the vehicle). In embodiments, the display 130, 230, 330 may be at least one of a light-emitting diode display, an organic light-emitting diode display, a plasma display, or a liquid crystal display bonded to a rear surface (e.g., using an optically clear adhesive) of a curved glass article 10 disclosed herein.

[0021] The embodiments of the curved glass article described herein can be used in each of vehicle interior systems 100, 200 and 300, among others. In particular, the curved glass articles discussed herein may be used as curved cover glasses for any of the curved display embodiments discussed herein, including for use in vehicle interior systems 100, 200 and/or 300. In embodiments, glass material may be selected based on its weight, aesthetic appearance, etc. and may be provided with a coating (e.g., an ink or pigment coating) with a pattern (e.g., a brushed metal appearance, a wood grain appearance, a leather appearance, a colored appearance, etc.) to visually match the glass components with adjacent non-glass components. In specific embodiments, such ink or pigment coating may have a transparency level that provides for deadfront functionality (i.e., where the underlying display is not visible user when in the off state, but is visible when in the on state). [0022] FIG. 2 depicts a curved glass article 10, such as the cover glass for curved display 130, 230, 330 according to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that, while FIG. 2 is described in terms of forming curved display 130, 230, 330, the curved glass article 10 of FIG. 2 may be used in any suitable curved glass application, including any curved glass component of any of the vehicle interior systems of FIG. 1 or other curved glass surfaces of the vehicle interior 1000. Such curved glass components could be display or non-display regions, e.g., a flat display area and a curved non-display area, curved displays, and curved display and curved non-display areas.

[0023] FIG. 2 depicts a cross-sectional view of a curved glass article 10 according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the curved glass article 10 includes a curved glass sheet 12 bonded to a frame 14 via an adhesive layer 16. The glass sheet 12 has a first major surface 18 and a second major surface 20 opposite to the first major surface 18. The distance between the first major surface 18 and the second major surface 20 define a thickness T1 therebetween. Further, the first major surface 18 and the second major surface 20 are connected by a minor surface 22 that extends around the periphery of the glass sheet 12

[0024] The glass sheet 12 has a curved shape such that first major surface 18 and second major surface 20 each include at least one curved section having a radius of curvature Rl. In embodiments, Rl is between 30 mm and 5 m. Further, in embodiments, the glass sheet 12 has a thickness T1 (e.g., an average thickness measured between surfaces 18, 20) that is in a range from 0.05 mm to 2 mm. In specific embodiments, T1 is less than or equal to 1.5 mm and in more specific embodiments, T1 is 0.3 mm to 1.3 mm. Applicant has found that such thin glass sheets can be cold formed to a variety of curved shapes (including the relatively tight radii of curvature discussed herein) utilizing cold forming without breakage while at the same time providing for a high quality cover layer for a variety of vehicle interior applications. In addition, such thin glass sheets 12 may deform more readily, which could potentially compensate for shape mismatches and gaps that may exist relative to the frame 14.

[0025] In various embodiments, first major surface 18 and/or the second major surface 20 of glass sheet 12 includes one or more surface treatments or layers. The surface treatment may cover at least a portion of the first major surface 18 and/or second major surface 20. Exemplary surface treatments include anti-glare surfaces/coatings, anti -reflective surfaces/coatings, and an easy-to-clean surface coating/treatment. In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the first major surface 18 and/or the second major surface 20 may include any one, any two or all three of an anti-glare surface, an anti -reflective surface, and easy-to-clean coating/treatment. For example, first major surface 18 may include an anti -glare surface and second major surface 20 may include an anti -reflective surface. In another example, first major surface 18 includes an anti -reflective surface and second major surface 20 includes an anti -glare surface. In yet another example, the first major surface 18 comprises the easy-to-clean coating, and the second major surface 20 includes either one of or both the anti-glare surface and the anti -reflective surface. In one or more embodiments, the anti-glare surface includes an etched surface. In one or more embodiments, the anti -reflective surface includes a multi-layer coating.

[0026] In embodiments, the glass sheet 12 may also include a pigment design on the first major surface 18 and/or second major surface 20. The pigment design may include any aesthetic design formed from a pigment (e.g., ink, paint and the like) and can include, e.g., a wood-grain design, a brushed metal design, a graphic design, a portrait, or a logo. The pigment design may be printed onto the glass sheet.

[0027] In general, glass sheet 12 is cold formed or cold bent to the desired curved shape via application of a bending force to the glass sheet 12 while it is situated on a chuck having a curved surface. Advantageously, it is easier to apply surface treatments to a flat glass sheet 12 prior to creating the curvature in the glass sheet 12, and cold-forming allows the treated glass sheet 12 to be bent without destroying the surface treatment (as compared to the tendency of high temperatures associated with hot-forming to destroy surface treatments, which requires surface treatments to be applied to the curved article in a more complicated process). In embodiments, the cold forming process is performed at a temperature less than the glass transition temperature of the glass sheet 12. In particular, the cold forming process may be performed at room temperature (e.g., about 20 °C) or a slightly elevated temperature, e.g., at 200 °C or less, 150 °C or less, 100 °C or less, or at 50 °C or less.

[0028] As shown in FIG. 2, the adhesive layer 16 is disposed on the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12. The adhesive layer 16 includes a first adhesive 24 and a second adhesive 26. The first adhesive 24 bonds the frame 14 to the glass sheet 12, and the second adhesive 26 bonds one or more displays 28 to the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12. In an embodiment, the first adhesive 24 is a structural adhesive, and the second adhesive 26 is an optically clear adhesive. [0029] In embodiments, the first adhesive 24 provides long term strength after curing over the course of, e.g., about an hour at ambient temperature. In embodiments, exemplary adhesives for the first adhesive 24 include at least one of a toughened epoxy, a flexible epoxy, an acrylic, a silicone, a urethane, a polyurethane, or a silane modified polymer. In specific embodiments, the first adhesive 24 includes one or more toughened epoxies, such as EP21TDCHT-LO (available from Masterbond®, Hackensack, NJ), 3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Epoxy DP460 Off-White (available from 3M, St. Paul, MN). In other embodiments, the first adhesive 24 includes one or more flexible epoxies, such as Masterbond EP21TDC-2LO (available from Masterbond®, Hackensack, NJ), 3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Epoxy 2216 B/A Gray (available from 3M, St. Paul, MN), and 3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Epoxy DP125. In still other embodiments, the first adhesive 24 includes one or more acrylics, such as LORD® Adhesive 410/ Accelerator 19 w / LORD® AP 134 primer, LORD® Adhesive 852/LORD® Accelerator 25GB (both being available from LORD Corporation, Cary, NC), DELO PUR. SJ9356 (available from DELO Industrial Adhesives, Windach, Germany), Loctite® AA4800, Loctite® HF8000. TEROSON® MS 9399, and TEROSON® MS 647-2C (these latter four being available from Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Diisseldorf, Germany), among others. In yet other embodiments, the first adhesive 24 includes one or more urethanes, such as 3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Urethane DP640 Brown and 3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Urethane DP604, and in still further embodiments, the first adhesive 24 includes one or more silicones, such as Dow Corning® 995 (available from Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, MI). The second adhesive 26 may be any of a variety of suitable epoxies, urethanes, silicones, or acrylics. [0030] In the embodiment depicted, there are two displays 28 provided on the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12. Further, in the embodiment depicted, the glass article 10 is V-shaped, having two flat sections 32 disposed on either side of a bend region 34. In other embodiments, the glass article 10 may be, for example, C-shaped (continuously curved bend region 34 between ends of the curved glass article 10), J-shaped (one flat section 32 and one bend region 34), or S-shaped (two bend regions 34 with opposite curvatures), among other possible configurations. Each display 28 may be any of a variety of suitable display types, such as liquid crystal display (LCD), light emitting diode (LED), organic LED (OLED), or a plasma display. Further, each display 28 may be a flat display or a curved display. Thus, the display 28 may be disposed in any of the flat sections 32 or bend regions 34 of the glass article 10. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the two displays 28 are each provided in a flat section 32 of the V-shaped glass article 10. [0031] The frame 14 of the curved glass article 10 is selected such that it can maintain the radius of curvature R1 imparted by the cold-bending process. A variety of materials are suitable for the frame, such as metals (e.g., aluminum alloys, steel alloys, stainless steel, etc.), plastics, composites, ceramics, and wood, among others. Two interrelated characteristics involved in the selection of the frame 14 are the modulus of elasticity and the thickness of the frame. In particular, the ability to maintain the radius of curvature R1 will depend in part on the ability of the frame to withstand the resiliency of the glass sheet to return to the planar position. This resiliency force of the glass will tend to open the curvature defined by the frame depending on the modulus and thickness of the frame material chosen. Thus, the frame can be selected to have a high modulus or a high thickness to maintain the curvature. For example, a relatively thinner, high modulus material can be selected for the frame in embodiments, or in other embodiments, a relatively thicker, low modulus material can be selected for the frame to achieve substantially the same result. In embodiments, the material selected for the frame 14 will have an elastic modulus of from about 2 GPa to about 250 GPa, and the frame 14 will have a thickness of from 1 mm to 15 mm.

[0032] For example, a frame having an elastic modulus of 2 GPa and a thickness of 2 mm may increase in radius of curvature by about 10% when used to maintain a bend in a glass sheet having a thickness of 0.55 mm. By contrast, a frame having an elastic modulus of 42.5 GPa and a thickness of 2 mm may only increase in radius of curvature by about 6%. As the sheet increases in thickness, the increase in the radius of curvature will also increase. Taking the frame having an elastic modulus of 42.5 GPa and thickness of 2 mm, the increase in radius of curvature may be as high as about 10% for a 0.70 mm glass sheet, and as high as about 23% for a 1.10 mm glass sheet. However, for the frame having an elastic modulus of 42.5 GPa, increasing the frame thickness to 4 mm will keep the radius increase to below about 5%, in particular, below about 2% for a glass thickness of up to 1.10 mm. Thus, when preparing a kit for a curved glass article, including a glass sheet 12 and a frame 14, the frame 14 may be constructed with a material having a particular minimum elastic modulus and thickness to prevent or substantially diminish the opening of the radius of curvature by the cold-bent glass sheet 12.

[0033] Additionally, the frame 14 can be constructed taking into account the opening of the curvature that the cold-bent glass sheet 12 will cause in the final curved glass article 10. That is, if the glass sheet will cause the curvature of the particular frame 14 (i.e., of a certain modulus and thickness) to open by 10%, then the frame 14 can be fabricated with a radius of curvature smaller than the ultimately desired radius of curvature upon creating the cold- formed glass article. For example, if the desired radius of curvature of the curved cold glass article is 85 mm, then the frame 14 may be constructed having an initial radius of curvature less than 85 mm so that, when coupled to the glass sheet, the glass sheet 12 will open the frame to the desired radius of curvature. A frame 14 having an elastic modulus of 2 GPa coupled to a glass sheet having a thickness of 0.55 mm and a desired radius of curvature of 85 mm may be constructed with an initial radius of curvature of about 77 mm for a 2 mm thick frame 14 and about 84 mm for a 4 mm thick frame 14. At the same elastic modulus, desired radius of curvature, and a thickness of 4 mm, the frame 14 would need to have an initial radius of curvature of about 83 mm for a 0.70 thick glass sheet 12 and about 77 mm for a 1.10 mm thick glass sheet 12. Thus, when preparing a kit for a curved glass article, including a glass sheet 12 and a frame 14, the frame 14 may be constructed with a material having a particular minimum elastic modulus and thickness to accommodate the opening of the radius of curvature by the cold-bent glass sheet 12 to the desired radius of curvature. [0034] Having described the curved glass article 10, a method and apparatus for forming the curved glass article 10 will now be described. Referring now to FIG. 3, a cross-section of a vacuum chuck 36 for cold-forming the curved glass article 10 is depicted. The vacuum chuck 36 includes a bending surface 38 over which a glass sheet 12 is cold bent using vacuum pressure. The bending surface 38 has a curvature in the bend region with a radius of curvature. In embodiments, the radius of curvature may be the desired radius of curvature R1 of the curved glass article 10 (e.g., if the thickness and elastic modulus of the frame 14 are sufficient to prevent opening of the radius when bonded to the cold-bent glass sheet 12). In other embodiments, the radius of curvature matches the radius of curvature of the frame 14 in instances where the radius of curvature of the frame is designed to open to the desired radius of curvature after being bonded to the cold-bent glass sheet 12.

[0035] In embodiments, the bending surface 38 is a tacky surface, such as a self-adhesive layer, or compliant layer, such as a rubber or elastomer layer. In such embodiments, the tacky or compliant surface helps to hold the glass against the bending surface 38 as the vacuum is created between the first major surface 18 of the glass sheet and the bending surface 38.

[0036] As depicted in FIG. 3, the vacuum chuck 36 includes a plurality of vacuum ports 40 extending through the body of the vacuum chuck 36. The vacuum ports 40 each have a first end 40a that terminates at the bending surface 38 and a second end 40b that connects to a vacuum source 42. The number of vacuum ports 40 can vary based, e.g., on the size of the bending surface 38, the size (length, width, and/or thickness) of the glass sheet 12, or the composition/strengthening of the glass sheet 12. That is, in embodiments, the number of vacuum ports 40 may vary based on the vacuum pressure needed to keep the first major surface in contact with the bending surface 38. Additionally, the number of vacuum ports 40 may vary by section (flat sections 32 and bend regions 34) depending on the stress pulling the glass sheet 12 away from the bending surface 38.

[0037] In the vacuum chuck 36, the plurality of vacuum ports 40 are arranged in a first set of ports 44a, a second set of ports 44b, and a third set of ports 44c. While the embodiment of FIG. 3 (and other figures described below) depicts three sets of ports 44a, 44b, 44c, other vacuum chucks 36 that are used to form other shapes (e.g., more or less complex shapes) can include just two sets of ports or more than three sets of ports. In the embodiment depicted, the first and third sets of ports 44a, 44c are provided for the straight sections 32, and the second set of ports 44b is provided for the curved portion 34. Thus, in embodiments, a set of ports is provided for each straight section 32 and curved portion 34 defined by the bending surface 38.

[0038] According to a method of using the vacuum chuck 36, a vacuum is drawn through each set of ports 44a, 44b, 44c just before the glass sheet 12 contacts the portion of the bending surface 38 including the respective set of ports 44a, 44b, 44c. Thus, as shown in FIG. 4, the first set of ports 44a are activated as the glass sheet 12 is positioned over the vacuum chuck 36 at the beginning of the cold-bending process. As shown in FIG. 5, the glass sheet 12 is brought into contact with the bending surface 38 of the vacuum chuck 36, and a vacuum is created between the first major surface 18 of the glass sheet 12 and the bending surface 38 in an area that will be a flat section 32 of the curved glass article 10.

[0039] After creating a vacuum between the first major surface 18 of the glass sheet 12 in the flat section 32 and the bending surface 38, the second set of ports 44b is activated, and a bending force 46 is applied to the glass sheet 12 as shown in FIG. 6. In this way and as depicted in FIG. 7, a vacuum is created between the first major surface 18 of the glass sheet 12 and the bending surface 38 in the curved portion 34. FIG. 7 also shows that the first set of ports 44a remain active while the glass sheet 12 is bent over the bending surface 38 of the vacuum chuck 36.

[0040] After creating a vacuum between the first major surface 18 of the glass sheet 12 in the curved portion 34 and the bending surface 38, the third set of ports 44c is activated, and a vacuum is created between the first major surface 18 of the glass sheet 12 and the bending surface 38 in the other flat section 32 as shown in FIG. 8. Thus, according to the method of cold-forming the glass sheet 12 disclosed herein, the vacuum ports 40 are grouped in sets and activated in stages independently of one another, i.e., the sets of ports 44a, 44b, 44c are independently actuatable. Forming the vacuum between the first major surface 18 of the glass sheet 12 and the bending surface 38 in this way provides the advantage of creating strong suction between the glass sheet 12 and the vacuum chuck 36. Conventionally, other methods of cold-forming a glass sheet over a chuck involved activating all the vacuum ports on the chuck, and when bending the glass sheet over the bending surface, a strong suction was not created because leak paths developed. Because of the poor suction, such conventional curved glass articles experienced MURA defects because of the curvature mismatch between the frame and the glass sheet, which was incompletely suctioned to the bending surface of the vacuum chuck. According to the present disclosure, the stages activation of the vacuum ports 40 during bending creates a strong suction such that the glass sheet 12 closely matches the curvature of the bending surface 38, reducing or eliminating MURA defects.

[0041] Further, in embodiments, the suction in the flat sections 32 is strong enough that, after forming, the second set of ports 44b in the curved portion 34 can be deactivated, and the glass sheet 12 will be held in the cold-bent shape with just the first and third sets of ports 44a, 44c activated.

[0042] Returning to FIG. 3, a single vacuum source 42 provides suction to each of the vacuum ports 40. The vacuum ports 40 are connected to the vacuum source 42 via vacuum hoses 48, and in the exemplary embodiment depicted, suction through the vacuum hoses 48 is controlled via actuatable valves 50a, 50b, 50c. For example, when suction is desired only in the first set of ports 44a, a controller 52 opens valve 50a, and valve 50b and valve 50c remain or are set to closed. As suction is desired in other sets of ports 44b, 44c, the controller 52 opens or closes respective valves 50b, 50c as necessary. While FIG. 3 depicts the valves 50a, 50b, 50c and vacuum source 42 as being automated by controller 52, in other embodiments, the valves 50a, 50b, 50c and vacuum source 42 can be activated, e.g., manually by a user. [0043] In another embodiment depicted in FIG. 9, each set of ports 44a, 44b, 44c is provided with a respective vacuum source 42a, 42b, 42c. In such an embodiment, the controller 52 activates the vacuum source 42a, 42b, 42c associated with the particular set of ports 44a, 44b, 44c through which it is desired to draw a vacuum. As with the embodiment of FIG. 3, the vacuum sources 42a, 42b, 42c of FIG. 9 could be manually activated by a user instead of automated.

[0044] FIGS. 10-13 depict various methods of assembling the curved glass article 10 using the vacuum chuck 36 as disclosed herein. FIG. 10 depicts a first embodiment of a method 60 for assembling the curved glass article 10. In a first step 61, the glass sheet 12 and displays 28 are provided. In a second step 62, the displays 28 are attached to the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12 using an optically clear adhesive 26. Thereafter, in a third step 63, the glass sheet 12 with bonded displays 28 is aligned over the first set of ports 44a of the vacuum chuck 36. In a fourth step 64, the glass sheet 12 is bent over the bending surface 38 of the vacuum chuck 36 (including staging the activation of the respective sets of ports 44b, 44c in the bend region 34 and flat section 32). In a fifth step 65, the frame 14 is attached to the second major surface 20 using the first adhesive 24 (as shown in FIG. 2). The glass sheet 12 with bonded displays 28 and frame 14 is allowed to cure on the vacuum chuck 36. In embodiments, the cure time on the vacuum chuck 36 is less than 3 hours, more particularly less than 2 hours, and in particular 1 hour or less. Further, in embodiments, the temperature during curing is less than 100 °C, more particularly less than 75 °C, and in particular 66 °C or less. In a final step 66, the finished curved glass article 10 is removed from the vacuum chuck 36.

[0045] FIG. 11 depicts another method 70 of assembling the curved glass article 10. As with the previous method, the method 70 starts with a first step 71 of providing a glass sheet 12 and displays 28. In a second step 72, the displays 28 are bonded to the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12 using an optically clear adhesive 26. In the method 70, the vacuum chuck 36 includes rotatable segments 36a, 36b. The segments 36a, 36b rotate from a planar configuration to a curved configuration. As shown in the third step 73, the glass sheet 12 is aligned on the vacuum chuck 36 while the rotatable segments 36a, 36b are in the planar configuration. In particular, the glass sheet 12 is suctioned to the flat sections 32 of the vacuum chuck 36 while the segments 36a, 36b are in the planar configuration. Thereafter, in a fourth step 74, the segments 36a, 36b are rotated from the planar configuration to the curved configuration to cold-bend the glass sheet 12. In a fifth step 75, the frame 14 is attached to the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12 using the first adhesive 24 (as shown in FIG. 2). Further, clips 78 are attached to the curved glass article 10 to hold the glass sheet 12 to the frame 14. In this way, the clipped curved glass article 10 can be removed from the vacuum chuck 36 in a sixth step 76 to cure offline, e.g., in an oven. In a seventh step 77, the clips 78 are removed, leaving the finished curved glass article 10.

[0046] In methods 60, 70, the first four steps each involved attaching the displays 28 to the glass sheet 12 prior to cold-bending the glass sheet 12 on the vacuum chuck 36. However, in other embodiments, the glass sheet 12 could first be cold-formed before the displays 28 are attached to the glass sheet 12. That is, the glass sheet 12 could be formed on the vacuum chuck 36 (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 3-8) prior to bonding the displays 28 to the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12.

[0047] FIGS. 12 and 13 each depict embodiments in which the frame 14 includes two parts 14a, 14b. Referring first to FIG. 12, the method 80 involves a first step 81 of providing a glass sheet 12, and in a second step 82, one or more displays 28 is attached to the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12. In a third step 83, a first frame part 14a is attached to the glass sheet 12. As can be seen in FIG. 12, the first frame part 14 only attaches to the glass sheet 12 around the displays 28 in the flat sections 32. In a fourth step 84, the glass sheet 12 having the displays 28 and first frame part 14a bonded thereto is cold-bent using the vacuum chuck 36 as described above. While on the vacuum chuck 36, the second frame part 14b is attached to the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12 to maintain the curvature introduced by cold-bending. After assembling the frame 14 from the first and second frame parts 14a, 14b, the curved glass article 10 can be left on the vacuum chuck 36 to cure (e.g., as in step 65 of method 60) or the curved glass article 10 can be clipped in place and cured offline (e.g., as in step 76 of method 70).

[0048] Referring now to FIG. 13, another method 90 of assembling the curved glass article 10 is depicted. In a first step 91, the glass sheet 12 for cold bending is provided, and in a second step 92, the glass sheet 12 is cold-bent using the vacuum chuck 36 as described above. Further, in the second step 92, a first frame part 14a is bonded to the cold-bent glass sheet 12. In a third step 93, one or more displays 28 are laminated to the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12. In a fourth step 94, the second frame part 14b is bonded to the second major surface 20 of the glass sheet 12. As with the previous embodiment, after assembling the frame 14 from the first and second frame parts 14a, 14b, the curved glass article 10 can be left on the vacuum chuck 36 to cure (e.g., as in step 65 of method 60) or the curved glass article 10 can be clipped in place and cured offline (e.g., as in step 76 of method 70).

[0049] In various embodiments, glass sheet 12 is formed from a strengthened glass sheet (e.g., a thermally strengthened glass material, a chemically strengthened glass sheet, etc.) In such embodiments, when glass sheet 12 is formed from a strengthened glass material, first major surface 18 and second major surface 20 are under compressive stress, and thus second major surface 20 can experience greater tensile stress during bending to the convex shape without risking fracture. This allows for strengthened glass sheet 12 to conform to more tightly curved surfaces.

[0050] A feature of a cold-formed glass sheet 12 is an asymmetric surface compressive between the first major surface 18 and the second major surface 20 once the glass sheet 12 has been bent to the curved shape. In such embodiments, prior to the cold-forming process or being cold-formed, the respective compressive stresses in the first major surface 18 and the second major surface 20 of glass sheet 12 are substantially equal. After cold-forming, the compressive stress on concave first major surface 18 increases such that the compressive stress on the first major surface 18 is greater after cold-forming than before cold-forming. In contrast, convex second major surface 20 experiences tensile stresses during bending causing a net decrease in surface compressive stress on the second major surface 20, such that the compressive stress in the second major surface 20 following bending is less than the compressive stress in the second major surface 20 when the glass sheet is flat.

[0051] As noted above, in addition to providing processing advantages such as eliminating expensive and/or slow heating steps, the cold-forming processes discussed herein are believed to generate curved glass articles with a variety of properties that are superior to hot- formed glass articles, particularly for vehicle interior or display cover glass applications. For example, Applicant believes that, for at least some glass materials, heating during hot- forming processes decreases optical properties of curved glass sheets, and thus, the curved glass sheets formed utilizing the cold-bending processes/sy stems discussed herein provide for both curved glass shapes along with improved optical qualities not believed achievable with hot-bending processes.

[0052] Further, many glass surface treatments (e.g., anti -glare coatings, anti -reflective coatings, easy-to-clean coating, etc.) are applied via deposition processes, such as sputtering processes that are typically ill-suited for coating curved glass articles. In addition, many surface treatments (e.g., anti-glare coatings, anti -reflective coatings, easy-to-clean coating, etc.) also are not able to survive the high temperatures associated with hot-bending processes. Thus, in particular embodiments discussed herein, one or more surface treatments are applied to the first major surface 18 and/or to the second major surface 20 of glass sheet 12 prior to cold-bending, and the glass sheet 12 including the surface treatment is bent to a curved shape as discussed herein. Thus, Applicant believes that the processes and systems discussed herein allow for bending of glass after one or more coating materials have been applied to the glass, in contrast to typical hot-forming processes.

[0053] In various embodiments, a cold-formed glass sheet 12 may have a compound curve including a major radius and a cross curvature. A complexly curved cold-formed glass sheet 12 may have a distinct radius of curvature in two independent directions. According to one or more embodiments, a complexly curved cold-formed glass sheet 12 may thus be characterized as having "cross curvature," where the cold-formed glass sheet 12 is curved along an axis (i.e., a first axis) that is parallel to a given dimension and also curved along an axis (i.e., a second axis) that is perpendicular to the same dimension. The curvature of the cold-formed glass sheet and the curved display can be even more complex when a significant minimum radius is combined with a significant cross curvature, and/or depth of bend. In various embodiments, glass sheet 12 can have more than two curved regions with the same or differing curved shapes. In some embodiments, glass sheet 12 can have one or more region having a curved shape with a variable radius of curvature.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 14, additional structural details of glass sheet 12 are shown and described. As noted above, glass sheet 12 has a thickness T1 that is substantially constant and is defined as a distance between the first major surface 18 and the second major surface 20. In various embodiments, T1 may refer to an average thickness or a maximum thickness of the glass sheet. In addition, glass sheet 12 includes a width W1 defined as a first maximum dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces 18, 20 orthogonal to the thickness Tl, and a length LI defined as a second maximum dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces 1820 orthogonal to both the thickness and the width. In other embodiments, W 1 and LI may be the average width and the average length of glass sheet 12, respectively.

[0055] In various embodiments, thickness Tl is 2 mm or less and specifically is 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm. For example, thickness Tl may be in a range from about 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.15 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.2 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.25 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.3 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.35 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.4 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.45 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.55 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.6 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.65 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.7 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.3 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.2 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.05 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.95 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.85 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.75 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.65 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.6 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.55 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.5 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.4 mm, or from about 0.3 mm to about 0.7 mm. In other embodiments, the T1 falls within any one of the exact numerical ranges set forth in this paragraph.

[0056] In various embodiments, width W1 is in a range from 5 cm to 250 cm, from about 10 cm to about 250 cm, from about 15 cm to about 250 cm, from about 20 cm to about 250 cm, from about 25 cm to about 250 cm, from about 30 cm to about 250 cm, from about 35 cm to about 250 cm, from about 40 cm to about 250 cm, from about 45 cm to about 250 cm, from about 50 cm to about 250 cm, from about 55 cm to about 250 cm, from about 60 cm to about 250 cm, from about 65 cm to about 250 cm, from about 70 cm to about 250 cm, from about 75 cm to about 250 cm, from about 80 cm to about 250 cm, from about 85 cm to about 250 cm, from about 90 cm to about 250 cm, from about 95 cm to about 250 cm, from about 100 cm to about 250 cm, from about 110 cm to about 250 cm, from about 120 cm to about 250 cm, from about 130 cm to about 250 cm, from about 140 cm to about 250 cm, from about 150 cm to about 250 cm, from about 5 cm to about 240 cm, from about 5 cm to about 230 cm, from about 5 cm to about 220 cm, from about 5 cm to about 210 cm, from about 5 cm to about 200 cm, from about 5 cm to about 190 cm, from about 5 cm to about 180 cm, from about 5 cm to about 170 cm, from about 5 cm to about 160 cm, from about 5 cm to about 150 cm, from about 5 cm to about 140 cm, from about 5 cm to about 130 cm, from about 5 cm to about 120 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 100 cm, from about 5 cm to about 90 cm, from about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or from about 5 cm to about 75 cm. In other embodiments, W1 falls within any one of the exact numerical ranges set forth in this paragraph.

[0057] In various embodiments, length LI is in a range from about 5 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 50 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 100 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 150 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 200 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 250 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 300 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 350 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 400 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 450 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 500 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 550 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 600 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 650 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 650 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 700 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 750 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 800 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 850 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 900 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 950 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 1000 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 1050 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 1100 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 1150 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 1200 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 1250 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 1300 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 1350 cm to about 1500 cm, from about 1400 cm to about 1500 cm, or from about 1450 cm to about 1500 cm. In other embodiments, LI falls within any one of the exact numerical ranges set forth in this paragraph.

[0058] In various embodiments, one or more radius of curvature (e.g., R1 shown in FIG. 2A) of glass sheet 12 is about 30 mm or greater. For example, R1 may be in a range from about 30 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 50 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 70 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 90 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 110 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 150 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 200 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 250 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 300 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 350 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 400 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 450 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 500 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 550 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 600 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 650 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 700 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 750 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 800 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 850 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 900 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 950 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 1000 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 1500 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 2000 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 2500 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 3000 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 3500 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 4000 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 4500 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 30 mm to about 4500 mm, from about 30 mm to about 4000 mm, from about 30 mm to about 3500 mm, from about 30 mm to about 3000 mm, from about 30 mm to about 2500 mm, from about 30 mm to about 2000 mm, from about 30 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 30 mm to about 1000 mm, from about 30 mm to about 950 mm, from about 30 mm to about 900 mm, from about 30 mm to about 850 mm, from about 30 mm to about 800 mm, from about 30 mm to about 750 mm, from about 30 mm to about 700 mm, from about 30 mm to about 650 mm, from about 30 mm to about 600 mm, from about 30 mm to about 550 mm, from about 30 mm to about 500 mm, from about 30 mm to about 450 mm, or from about 30 mm to about 400 mm. In other embodiments, R1 falls within any one of the exact numerical ranges set forth in this paragraph.

[0059] The various embodiments of the vehicle interior system may be incorporated into vehicles such as trains, automobiles (e.g., cars, trucks, buses and the like), sea craft (boats, ships, submarines, and the like), and aircraft (e.g., drones, airplanes, jets, helicopters and the like).

Strengthened Glass Properties

[0060] As noted above, glass sheet 12 may be strengthened. In one or more embodiments, glass sheet 12 may be strengthened to include compressive stress that extends from a surface to a depth of compression (DOC). The compressive stress regions are balanced by a central portion exhibiting a tensile stress. At the DOC, the stress crosses from a positive (compressive) stress to a negative (tensile) stress.

[0061] In various embodiments, glass sheet 12 may be strengthened mechanically by utilizing a mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between portions of the article to create a compressive stress region and a central region exhibiting a tensile stress. In some embodiments, the glass sheet may be strengthened thermally by heating the glass to a temperature above the glass transition point and then rapidly quenching.

[0062] In various embodiments, glass sheet 12 may be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. In the ion exchange process, ions at or near the surface of the glass sheet are replaced by - or exchanged with - larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In those embodiments in which the glass sheet comprises an alkali aluminosilicate glass, ions in the surface layer of the article and the larger ions are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, and Cs⁺. Alternatively, monovalent cations in the surface layer may be replaced with monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag⁺ or the like. In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass sheet generate a stress.

[0063] Ion exchange processes are typically carried out by immersing a glass sheet in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing the larger ions to be exchanged with the smaller ions in the glass sheet. It should be noted that aqueous salt baths may also be utilized. In addition, the composition of the bath(s) may include more than one type of larger ions (e.g., Na+ and K+) or a single larger ion. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that parameters for the ion exchange process, including, but not limited to, bath composition and temperature, immersion time, the number of immersions of the glass sheet in a salt bath (or baths), use of multiple salt baths, additional steps such as annealing, washing, and the like, are generally determined by the composition of the glass sheet (including the structure of the article and any crystalline phases present) and the desired DOC and CS of the glass sheet that results from strengthening. Exemplary molten bath compositions may include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of the larger alkali metal ion. Typical nitrates include KNO3, NaNCb, LiNCb, NaS04 and combinations thereof. The temperature of the molten salt bath typically is in a range from about 380°C up to about 450°C, while immersion times range from about 15 minutes up to about 100 hours depending on glass sheet thickness, bath temperature and glass (or monovalent ion) diffusivity.

However, temperatures and immersion times different from those described above may also be used.

[0064] In one or more embodiments, the glass sheets may be immersed in a molten salt bath of 100% NaNCb, 100% KNO3, or a combination of NaNCb and KNO3 having a temperature from about 370 °C to about 480 °C. In some embodiments, the glass sheet may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath including from about 5% to about 90% KNO3 and from about 10% to about 95% NaNCb. In one or more embodiments, the glass sheet may be immersed in a second bath, after immersion in a first bath. The first and second baths may have different compositions and/or temperatures from one another. The immersion times in the first and second baths may vary. For example, immersion in the first bath may be longer than the immersion in the second bath.

[0065] In one or more embodiments, the glass sheet may be immersed in a molten, mixed salt bath including NaNCb and KNCb (e.g., 49%/51%, 50%/50%, 51%/49%) having a temperature less than about 420 °C (e.g., about 400 °C or about 380 °C). for less than about 5 hours, or even about 4 hours or less.

[0066] Ion exchange conditions can be tailored to provide a “spike” or to increase the slope of the stress profile at or near the surface of the resulting glass sheet. The spike may result in a greater surface CS value. This spike can be achieved by a single bath or multiple baths, with the bath(s) having a single composition or mixed composition, due to the unique properties of the glass compositions used in the glass sheets described herein.

[0067] In one or more embodiments, where more than one monovalent ion is exchanged into the glass sheet, the different monovalent ions may exchange to different depths within the glass sheet (and generate different magnitudes stresses within the glass sheet at different depths). The resulting relative depths of the stress-generating ions can be determined and cause different characteristics of the stress profile.

[0068] CS is measured using those means known in the art, such as by surface stress meter (FSM) using commercially available instruments such as the FSM-6000, manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurements rely upon the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. SOC in turn is measured by those methods that are known in the art, such as fiber and four point bend methods, both of which are described in ASTM standard C770-98 (2013), entitled “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and a bulk cylinder method. As used herein CS may be the “maximum compressive stress” which is the highest compressive stress value measured within the compressive stress layer. In some embodiments, the maximum compressive stress is located at the surface of the glass sheet. In other embodiments, the maximum compressive stress may occur at a depth below the surface, giving the compressive profile the appearance of a “buried peak.”

[0069] DOC may be measured by FSM or by a scattered light polariscope (SCALP) (such as the SCALP-04 scattered light polariscope available from Glasstress Ltd., located in Tallinn Estonia), depending on the strengthening method and conditions. When the glass sheet is chemically strengthened by an ion exchange treatment, FSM or SCALP may be used depending on which ion is exchanged into the glass sheet. Where the stress in the glass sheet is generated by exchanging potassium ions into the glass sheet, FSM is used to measure DOC. Where the stress is generated by exchanging sodium ions into the glass sheet, SCALP is used to measure DOC. Where the stress in the glass sheet is generated by exchanging both potassium and sodium ions into the glass, the DOC is measured by SCALP, since it is believed the exchange depth of sodium indicates the DOC and the exchange depth of potassium ions indicates a change in the magnitude of the compressive stress (but not the change in stress from compressive to tensile); the exchange depth of potassium ions in such glass sheets is measured by FSM. Central tension or CT is the maximum tensile stress and is measured by SCALP.

[0070] In one or more embodiments, the glass sheet may be strengthened to exhibit a DOC that is described as a fraction of the thickness T1 of the glass sheet (as described herein). For example, in one or more embodiments, the DOC may be equal to or greater than about 0.05T1, equal to or greater than about 0.1T1, equal to or greater than about 0.11T1, equal to or greater than about 0.12T1, equal to or greater than about 0.13T1, equal to or greater than about 0.14T1, equal to or greater than about 0.15T1, equal to or greater than about 0.16T1, equal to or greater than about 0.17T1, equal to or greater than about 0.18T1, equal to or greater than about 0.19T1, equal to or greater than about 0.2T1, equal to or greater than about 0.21T1. In some embodiments, the DOC may be in a range from about 0.08T1 to about 0.25T1, from about 0.09T1 to about 0.25T1, from about 0.18T1 to about 0.25T1, from about 0.11T1 to about 0.25T1, from about 0.12T1 to about 0.25T1, from about 0.13T1 to about 0.25T1, from about 0.14T1 to about 0.25T1, from about 0.15T1 to about 0.25T1, from about 0.08T1 to about 0.24T1, from about 0.08T1 to about 0.23T1, from about 0.08T1 to about 0.22T1, from about 0.08T1 to about 0.21T1, from about 0.08T1 to about 0.2T1, from about 0.08T1 to about 0.19T1, from about 0.08T1 to about 0.18T1, from about 0.08T1 to about 0.17T1, from about 0.08T1 to about 0.16T1, or from about 0.08T1 to about 0.15T1. In some instances, the DOC may be about 20 qm or less. In one or more embodiments, the DOC may be about 40 qm or greater (e.g., from about 40 qm to about 300 qm, from about 50 qm to about 300 qm, from about 60 qm to about 300 qm, from about 70 qm to about 300 qm, from about 80 qm to about 300 qm, from about 90 qm to about 300 qm, from about 100 qm to about 300 qm, from about 110 qm to about 300 qm, from about 120 qm to about 300 qm, from about 140 qm to about 300 qm, from about 150 qm to about 300 qm, from about 40 qm to about 290 qm, from about 40 qm to about 280 qm, from about 40 qm to about 260 qm, from about 40 qm to about 250 qm, from about 40 qm to about 240 qm, from about 40 qm to about 230 qm, from about 40 qm to about 220 qm, from about 40 qm to about 210 qm, from about 40 qm to about 200 qm, from about 40 qm to about 180 qm, from about 40 qm to about 160 qm, from about 40 qm to about 150 qm, from about 40 qm to about 140 qm, from about 40 qm to about 130 qm, from about 40 qm to about 120 qm, from about 40 qm to about 110 qm, or from about 40 qm to about 100 qm. In other embodiments, DOC falls within any one of the exact numerical ranges set forth in this paragraph.

[0071] In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass sheet may have a CS (which may be found at the surface or a depth within the glass sheet) of about 200 MPa or greater, 300 MPa or greater, 400 MPa or greater, about 500 MPa or greater, about 600 MPa or greater, about 700 MPa or greater, about 800 MPa or greater, about 900 MPa or greater, about 930 MPa or greater, about 1000 MPa or greater, or about 1050 MPa or greater.

[0072] In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass sheet may have a maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) of about 20 MPa or greater, about 30 MPa or greater, about 40 MPa or greater, about 45 MPa or greater, about 50 MPa or greater, about 60 MPa or greater, about 70 MPa or greater, about 75 MPa or greater, about 80 MPa or greater, or about 85 MPa or greater. In some embodiments, the maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) may be in a range from about 40 MPa to about 100 MPa. In other embodiments, CS falls within the exact numerical ranges set forth in this paragraph.

Glass Compositions

[0073] Suitable glass compositions for use in glass sheet 12 include soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, boroaluminosilicate glass, alkali -containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing boroaluminosilicate glass.

[0074] Unless otherwise specified, the glass compositions disclosed herein are described in mole percent (mol%) as analyzed on an oxide basis.

[0075] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include S1O2 in an amount in a range from about 66 mol% to about 80 mol%, from about 67 mol% to about 80 mol%, from about 68 mol% to about 80 mol%, from about 69 mol% to about 80 mol%, from about 70 mol% to about 80 mol%, from about 72 mol% to about 80 mol%, from about 65 mol% to about 78 mol%, from about 65 mol% to about 76 mol%, from about 65 mol% to about 75 mol%, from about 65 mol% to about 74 mol%, from about 65 mol% to about 72 mol%, or from about 65 mol% to about 70 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0076] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes AI2O3 in an amount greater than about 4 mol%, or greater than about 5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes AI2O3 in a range from greater than about 7 mol% to about 15 mol%, from greater than about 7 mol% to about 14 mol%, from about 7 mol% to about 13 mol%, from about 4 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 7 mol% to about 11 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 9 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 10 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 11 mol% to about 15 mol%, or from about 12 mol% to about 15 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the upper limit of AI2O3 may be about 14 mol%, 14.2 mol%, 14.4 mol%, 14.6 mol%, or 14.8 mol%.

[0077] In one or more embodiments, the glass article is described as an aluminosilicate glass article or including an aluminosilicate glass composition. In such embodiments, the glass composition or article formed therefrom includes S1O2 and AI2O3 and is not a soda lime silicate glass. In this regard, the glass composition or article formed therefrom includes AI2O3 in an amount of about 2 mol% or greater, 2.25 mol% or greater, 2.5 mol% or greater, about 2.75 mol% or greater, about 3 mol% or greater.

[0078] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises B2O3 (e.g., about 0.01 mol% or greater). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises B2O3 in an amount in a range from about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of B2O3.

[0079] As used herein, the phrase “substantially free” with respect to the components of the composition means that the component is not actively or intentionally added to the composition during initial batching, but may be present as an impurity in an amount less than about 0.001 mol%.

[0080] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition optionally comprises P2O5 (e.g., about 0.01 mol% or greater). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises a non-zero amount of P2O5 up to and including 2 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 1 mol%, or 0.5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of P2O5.

[0081] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of R2O (which is the total amount of alkali metal oxide such as L12O, Na20, K2O, Rb20, and CS2O) that is greater than or equal to about 8 mol%, greater than or equal to about 10 mol%, or greater than or equal to about 12 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a total amount of R2O in a range from about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 9 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 11 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or from 11 mol% to about 13 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of Rb20, CS2O or both Rb20 and CS2O. In one or more embodiments, the R2O may include the total amount of L12O, Na20 and K2O only. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may comprise at least one alkali metal oxide selected from L12O, Na20 and K2O, wherein the alkali metal oxide is present in an amount greater than about 8 mol% or greater. [0082] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Na20 in an amount greater than or equal to about 8 mol%, greater than or equal to about 10 mol%, or greater than or equal to about 12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the composition includes Na20 in a range from about from about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 9 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 11 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or from 11 mol% to about 16 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0083] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about 4 mol% K2O, less than about 3 mol% K2O, or less than about 1 mol% K2O. In some instances, the glass composition may include K2O in an amount in a range from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, or from about 0.5 mol% to about 1 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of K2O.

[0084] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of L12O. [0085] In one or more embodiments, the amount of Na20 in the composition may be greater than the amount of LhO. In some instances, the amount of Na20 may be greater than the combined amount of L12O and K2O. In one or more alternative embodiments, the amount of L12O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Na20 or the combined amount of Na20 and K2O.

[0086] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of RO (which is the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxide such as CaO, MgO, BaO, ZnO and SrO) in a range from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a non-zero amount of RO up to about 2 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises RO in an amount from about 0 mol% to about 1.8 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.6 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.4 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0087] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes CaO in an amount less than about 1 mol%, less than about 0.8 mol%, or less than about 0.5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of CaO.

[0088] In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises MgO in an amount from about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 6 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 2 mol% to about 6 mol%, or from about 3 mol% to about 6 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0089] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZrCh in an amount equal to or less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZrCh in a range from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0090] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnC in an amount equal to or less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Sn02 in a range from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0091] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include an oxide that imparts a color or tint to the glass articles. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes an oxide that prevents discoloration of the glass article when the glass article is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Examples of such oxides include, without limitation oxides of: Ti, V,

Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, W, and Mo.

[0092] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe expressed as Fe2Cb, wherein Fe is present in an amount up to (and including) about 1 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Fe. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe2Cb in an amount equal to or less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe2Ch in a range from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0093] Where the glass composition includes T1O2, T1O2 may be present in an amount of about 5 mol% or less, about 2.5 mol% or less, about 2 mol% or less or about 1 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of TiCh.

[0094] An exemplary glass composition includes S1O2 in an amount in a range from about 65 mol% to about 75 mol%, AI2O3 in an amount in a range from about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, Na20 in an amount in a range from about 12 mol% to about 17 mol%, K2O in an amount in a range of about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, and MgO in an amount in a range from about 1. 5 mol% to about 6 mol%. Optionally, Sn02 may be included in the amounts otherwise disclosed herein. It should be understood, that while the preceding glass composition paragraphs express approximate ranges, in other embodiments, glass sheet 12 may be made from any glass composition falling with any one of the exact numerical ranges discussed above.

[0095] Aspect (1) pertains to a method of cold-forming a glass article, comprising the steps of: providing a chuck comprising a bending surface and a plurality of vacuum ports extending to the bending surface, wherein the plurality of vacuum ports comprises a first set of ports and a second set of ports and wherein the bending surface comprises a first radius of curvature; creating vacuum pressure through the first set of ports; contacting the bending surface of the chuck with a first portion of a glass sheet over the first set of ports; creating vacuum pressure through the second set of ports; and bending the glass sheet such that a second portion of the glass sheet contacts the bending surface over the second set of ports so that the glass sheet conforms to the first radius of curvature; wherein the glass sheet remains below the glass transition temperature during the bending step.

[0096] Aspect (2) pertains to the method of Aspect (1), wherein the plurality of vacuum ports further comprises a third set of ports and wherein the method further comprises the step of: contacting the bending surface of the chuck with a third portion of the glass sheet over the third set of ports.

[0097] Aspect (3) pertains to the method of Aspect (2), wherein the bending surface comprises a first flat section, a second flat section, and a bend section disposed between the first flat section and the second flat section and wherein the first set of ports is provided in the first flat section, the second set of ports is provided in the bend section, and the third set of ports is provided in the second flat section.

[0098] Aspect (4) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (1) through (3), wherein the vacuum pressure is created through the second set of ports after the vacuum pressure is created through the first set of ports.

[0099] Aspect (5) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (1) through (4), wherein, prior to the first step of contacting, the method further comprises laminating at least one display to the glass sheet using an optically clear adhesive.

[00100] Aspect (6) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (1) through (5), wherein, after the step of bending, the method further comprises attaching a frame to the glass sheet using an adhesive.

[00101] Aspect (7) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (1) through (5), wherein, prior to the step of bending, the method further comprises attaching a first frame part to the glass sheet using an adhesive.

[00102] Aspect (8) pertains to the method of Aspect (7), wherein, after the step of bending, the method further comprises attaching a second frame part to the glass sheet using the adhesive.

[00103] Aspect (9) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (1) through (4), wherein, after the step of bending, the method further comprises the steps of: attaching a first frame part to the glass sheet using an adhesive; laminating at least one display or touch panel to the glass sheet using an optically clear adhesive; and attaching a second frame part to the glass sheet using the adhesive. [00104] Aspect (10) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (6) through (9), further comprising the step of curing the adhesive.

[00105] Aspect (11) pertains to the method of Aspect (10), wherein the step of curing takes less than 3 hours and is performed at a temperature of less than 100 °C.

[00106] Aspect (12) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (6) through (11), wherein prior to the step of curing the adhesive, the method further comprises: clipping the frame or the frame parts to the glass sheet; removing the glass sheet and the frame or the frame parts from the chuck; and curing the adhesive with the glass sheet and the frame or the frame parts off of the chuck.

[00107] Aspect (13) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (1) through (12), wherein the glass sheet has a thickness of up to 2 mm.

[00108] Aspect (14) pertains to the method of claim (13), wherein the thickness is from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm.

[00109] Aspect (15) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (1) through (14), wherein the glass sheet comprises at least one of a soda lime silicate glass, an aluminosilicate glass, a borosilicate glass, an aluminoborosilicate glass, or an alkali aluminosilicate glass.

[00110] Aspect (16) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (1) through (15), wherein the glass sheet is at least one of chemically, mechanically, or thermally strengthened.

[00111] Aspect (17) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (6) through (16), wherein the frame or the frame parts have an elastic modulus of at least 2 GPa and a thickness of at least 2 mm.

[00112] Aspect (18) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (1) through (17), wherein the first radius of curvature is from 85 mm to 1000 mm.

[00113] Aspect (19) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (6) through (18), wherein the frame or the frame parts comprise the first radius of curvature.

[00114] Aspect (20) pertains to the method of Aspect (19), wherein the glass article has a desired radius of curvature that is greater than or equal to the first radius of curvature. [00115] Aspect (21) pertains to the method of Aspect (20), wherein the method comprises removing the glass sheet and the frame or the frame parts from the chuck and wherein, upon the step of removing, the glass sheet causes the frame to open from the first radius of curvature to the desired radius of curvature.

[00116] Aspect (22) pertains to a kit for cold-forming a glass article having a desired radius of curvature, the kit comprising: a glass sheet comprising a first major surface and a second major surface opposite to the first major surface, wherein the first major surface and the second major surface are connected by a minor surface and define a glass thickness therebetween, the thickness being 2 mm or less; and a frame having a curved surface defining a first radius of curvature that is less than the desired radius of curvature, wherein the first radius of curvature of the frame is configured to open to the desired radius of curvature when the second major surface of the glass sheet is adhered to curved surface of the frame.

[00117] Aspect (23) pertains to the kit of Aspect (22), wherein the frame has an elastic modulus of at least 2 GPa and a frame thickness of at least 2 mm.

[00118] Aspect (24) pertains to the kit of Aspect (22) or Aspect (23), wherein the first radius of curvature is within 10% of the desired radius of curvature.

[00119] Aspect (25) pertains to the kit of any one of Aspects (22) through (24), wherein the glass thickness is from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm.

[00120] Aspect (26) pertains to the kit of any one of Aspects (22) through (25), wherein the glass sheet comprises at least one of a soda lime silicate glass, an aluminosilicate glass, a borosilicate glass, an aluminoborosilicate glass, or an alkali aluminosilicate glass.

[00121] Aspect (27) pertains to the kit of any one of Aspects (22) through (26), wherein the glass sheet is at least one of chemically, mechanically, or thermally strengthened.

[00122] Aspect (28) pertains to the kit of any one of Aspects (22) through (27), wherein at least one of the first major surface or the second major surface of the glass sheet comprises a surface treatment.

[00123] Aspect (29) pertains to the kit of Aspect (28), wherein the surface treatment comprises at least one of an anti-glare treatment, an anti -reflective treatment, a decorative layer, or an easy-to-clean treatment.

[00124] Aspect (30) pertains to the kit of any one of Aspects (22) through (29), further comprising a display configured to bond the second major surface of the glass sheet.

[00125] Aspect (31) pertains to a vacuum chuck for cold-bending a glass article, the vacuum chuck comprising: a chuck body comprising a bending surface and a plurality of vacuum ports, the plurality of vacuum ports having an opening at the bending surface, the bending surface defining at least one curvature having a first radius of curvature; wherein the plurality of vacuum ports comprises a first set of ports, a second set of ports, and a third set of ports; and wherein each of the first, second, and third sets of ports is independently actuatable from the other of the first, second, or third set of ports. [00126] Aspect (32) pertains to the vacuum chuck of Aspect (31), wherein the bending surface comprises a first flat section, a second flat section, and a bend region between the first flat section and the second flat section.

[00127] Aspect (33) pertains to the vacuum chuck of Aspect (32), wherein the first set of ports is located in the first flat section, the second set of ports is located in the bend region, and the third set of ports is located in the second flat section.

[00128] Aspect (34) pertains to the vacuum chuck of Aspect (32) or Aspect (33), wherein the vacuum chuck comprises a first portion and a second portion that are each rotatable from a first position to a second position, wherein, in the first position, the bending surface is discontinuous with the first flat section and the second flat section is planar, and wherein, in the second position, the bending surface is continuous with the first flat section and the second flat section that are non-planar.

[00129] Aspect (35) pertains to the vacuum chuck of any one of Aspects (31) through (34), wherein the glass article has a desired radius of curvature and wherein the first radius of curvature is less than the desired radius of curvature.

[00130] Aspect (36) pertains to the vacuum chuck of any one of Aspects (31) through (35), wherein the first, second, and third sets of ports are each connected to the same vacuum source.

[00131] Aspect (37) pertains to the vacuum chuck of any of Aspects (31) through (35), wherein the first set of ports is connected to a first vacuum source, the second set of ports is connected to a second vacuum source, and the third set of ports is connected to a third vacuum source.

[00132] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is in no way intended that any particular order be inferred. In addition, as used herein, the article "a" is intended to include one or more than one component or element, and is not intended to be construed as meaning only one.

[00133] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosed embodiments. Since modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and variations of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the embodiments may occur to persons skilled in the art, the disclosed embodiments should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method of cold-forming a glass article, comprising the steps of: providing a chuck comprising a bending surface and a plurality of vacuum ports extending to the bending surface, wherein the plurality of vacuum ports comprises a first set of ports and a second set of ports and wherein the bending surface comprises a first radius of curvature; creating vacuum pressure through the first set of ports; contacting the bending surface of the chuck with a first portion of a glass sheet over the first set of ports; creating vacuum pressure through the second set of ports; and bending the glass sheet such that a second portion of the glass sheet contacts the bending surface over the second set of ports so that the glass sheet conforms to the first radius of curvature; wherein the glass sheet remains below the glass transition temperature during the bending step.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of vacuum ports further comprises a third set of ports and wherein the method further comprises the step of: contacting the bending surface of the chuck with a third portion of the glass sheet over the third set of ports.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the bending surface comprises a first flat section, a second flat section, and a bend section disposed between the first flat section and the second flat section and wherein the first set of ports is provided in the first flat section, the second set of ports is provided in the bend section, and the third set of ports is provided in the second flat section.

4. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the vacuum pressure is created through the second set of ports after the vacuum pressure is created through the first set of ports.

5. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein, prior to the first step of contacting, the method further comprises laminating at least one display to the glass sheet using an optically clear adhesive.

6. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein, after the step of bending, the method further comprises attaching a frame to the glass sheet using an adhesive.

7. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein, prior to the step of bending, the method further comprises attaching a first frame part to the glass sheet using an adhesive.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, after the step of bending, the method further comprises attaching a second frame part to the glass sheet using the adhesive.

9. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein, after the step of bending, the method further comprises the steps of: attaching a first frame part to the glass sheet using an adhesive; laminating at least one display or touch panel to the glass sheet using an optically clear adhesive; and attaching a second frame part to the glass sheet using the adhesive.

10. The method of any of claims 6-9, further comprising the step of curing the adhesive.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of curing takes less than 3 hours and is performed at a temperature of less than 100 °C.

12. The method of any of claims 6-11, wherein prior to the step of curing the adhesive, the method further comprises: clipping the frame or the frame parts to the glass sheet; removing the glass sheet and the frame or the frame parts from the chuck; and curing the adhesive with the glass sheet and the frame or the frame parts off of the chuck.

13. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the glass sheet has a thickness of up to 2 mm.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the thickness is from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm.

15. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the glass sheet comprises at least one of a soda lime silicate glass, an aluminosilicate glass, a borosilicate glass, an aluminoborosilicate glass, or an alkali aluminosilicate glass.

16. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the glass sheet is at least one of chemically, mechanically, or thermally strengthened.

17. The method of any of claims 6-16, wherein the frame or the frame parts have an elastic modulus of at least 2 GPa and a thickness of at least 2 mm.

18. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the first radius of curvature is from 85 mm to 1000 mm.

19. The method of any of claims 6-18, wherein the frame or the frame parts comprise the first radius of curvature.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the glass article has a desired radius of curvature that is greater than or equal to the first radius of curvature.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the method comprises removing the glass sheet and the frame or the frame parts from the chuck and wherein, upon the step of removing, the glass sheet causes the frame to open from the first radius of curvature to the desired radius of curvature.

22. A kit for cold-forming a glass article having a desired radius of curvature, the kit comprising: a glass sheet comprising a first major surface and a second major surface opposite to the first major surface, wherein the first major surface and the second major surface are connected by a minor surface and define a glass thickness therebetween, the thickness being 2 mm or less; and a frame having a curved surface defining a first radius of curvature that is less than the desired radius of curvature, wherein the first radius of curvature of the frame is configured to open to the desired radius of curvature when the second major surface of the glass sheet is adhered to curved surface of the frame.

23. The kit of claim 22, wherein the frame has an elastic modulus of at least 2 GPa and a frame thickness of at least 2 mm.

24. The kit of claim 22 or claim 23, wherein the first radius of curvature is within 10% of the desired radius of curvature.

25. The kit of any of claims 22-24, wherein the glass thickness is from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm.

26. The kit of any of claims 22-25, wherein the glass sheet comprises at least one of a soda lime silicate glass, an aluminosilicate glass, a borosilicate glass, an aluminoborosilicate glass, or an alkali aluminosilicate glass.

27. The kit of any of claims 22-26, wherein the glass sheet is at least one of chemically, mechanically, or thermally strengthened.

28. The kit of any of claims 22-27, wherein at least one of the first major surface or the second major surface of the glass sheet comprises a surface treatment.

29. The kit of claim 28, wherein the surface treatment comprises at least one of an anti glare treatment, an anti -reflective treatment, a decorative layer, or an easy-to-clean treatment.

30. The kit of any of claims 22-29, further comprising a display configured to bond the second major surface of the glass sheet.

31. A vacuum chuck for cold-bending a glass article, the vacuum chuck comprising: a chuck body comprising a bending surface and a plurality of vacuum ports, the plurality of vacuum ports having an opening at the bending surface, the bending surface defining at least one curvature having a first radius of curvature; wherein the plurality of vacuum ports comprises a first set of ports, a second set of ports, and a third set of ports; and wherein each of the first, second, and third sets of ports is independently actuatable from the other of the first, second, or third set of ports.

32. The vacuum chuck of claim 31, wherein the bending surface comprises a first flat section, a second flat section, and a bend region between the first flat section and the second flat section.

33. The vacuum chuck of claim 32, wherein the first set of ports is located in the first flat section, the second set of ports is located in the bend region, and the third set of ports is located in the second flat section.

34. The vacuum chuck of claim 32 or claim 33, wherein the vacuum chuck comprises a first portion and a second portion that are each rotatable from a first position to a second position, wherein, in the first position, the bending surface is discontinuous with the first flat section and the second flat section is planar, and wherein, in the second position, the bending surface is continuous with the first flat section and the second flat section is non-planar.

35. The vacuum chuck of any of claims 31-34, wherein the glass article has a desired radius of curvature and wherein the first radius of curvature is less than the desired radius of curvature.

36. The vacuum chuck of any of claims 31-35, wherein the first, second, and third sets of ports are each connected to the same vacuum source.

37. The vacuum chuck of any of claims 31-35, wherein the first set of ports is connected to a first vacuum source, the second set of ports is connected to a second vacuum source, and the third set of ports is connected to a third vacuum source.