WO2021080264A1 - Procédé pour effectuer une communication au moyen de multiples liaisons dans un système de réseau local sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé pour effectuer une communication au moyen de multiples liaisons dans un système de réseau local sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021080264A1
WO2021080264A1 PCT/KR2020/014223 KR2020014223W WO2021080264A1 WO 2021080264 A1 WO2021080264 A1 WO 2021080264A1 KR 2020014223 W KR2020014223 W KR 2020014223W WO 2021080264 A1 WO2021080264 A1 WO 2021080264A1
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Prior art keywords
link
sta
information
transmitting
receiving
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PCT/KR2020/014223
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
김서욱
김정기
최진수
김상국
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엘지전자 주식회사
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the present specification relates to a technique for transmitting and receiving data in wireless communication, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for performing communication through a multi-link in a wireless LAN system.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • MIMO downlink multi-user multiple input, multiple output
  • the new communication standard may be an extreme high throughput (EHT) standard that is currently being discussed.
  • the EHT standard may use a newly proposed increased bandwidth, an improved PHY layer protocol data unit (PPDU) structure, an improved sequence, and a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) technique.
  • the EHT standard can be called the IEEE 802.11be standard.
  • Time-delay-sensitive traffic is often transmitted in real time audio/video, and the need to support time-delay-sensitive traffic has increased even in a wireless environment with the proliferation of multimedia devices.
  • a transmission speed is lower than that of a wired line and there is also a problem of interference from surroundings, so various methods are required to support traffic sensitive to time delay.
  • a wireless LAN is a communication system that must compete equally in the ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) band without a channel monopoly by a central base station. Accordingly, it is relatively more difficult for a wireless LAN to support traffic sensitive to time delay compared to other communications other than a wireless LAN. Accordingly, in the present specification, a technology for supporting time-delay-sensitive traffic may be proposed.
  • ISM International Scientific and Medical
  • the STA operates only in one link. Accordingly, in order for the receiving STA to transmit information on the current channel condition to the transmitting STA, the receiving STA must transmit information on the current channel condition in the corresponding channel through channel contention.
  • a time point at which the measured time point and the time point at which the value is actually transmitted may differ.
  • the difference may become very large and the measured value may not be meaningful.
  • a method performed in a wireless local area network (LAN) system may include determining, in a receiving STA supporting a first link and a second link, a busy state of the second link; Transmitting, at the receiving STA, information on traffic related to the second link to a transmitting STA through the first link; At the receiving STA, receiving a trigger frame from the transmitting STA through the second link; And transmitting, at the receiving STA, the traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through the second link, based on the trigger frame.
  • LAN wireless local area network
  • an STA to which the multi-link technology is applied may transmit/receive in a plurality of links, respectively.
  • the STA may additionally provide information on channel conditions of other links. Therefore, the STA can transmit the channel specific value faster than the conventional standard.
  • the STA since the STA does not need to transmit a separate packet in order to transmit information on the channel condition, there is an effect of reducing the overhead.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a transmitting device and/or a receiving device of the present specification.
  • WLAN wireless LAN
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a PPDU used in the IEEE standard.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used in a 20 MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used in a 40 MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • RU 7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units (RU) used in the 80MHz band.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of a trigger frame.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of a subfield included in a per user information field.
  • 15 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 2.4 GHz band.
  • 16 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 5 GHz band.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 6 GHz band.
  • 19 shows a modified example of the transmitting device and/or the receiving device of the present specification.
  • 21 shows an example of a multi-link operation.
  • 23 is a diagram for describing an example of an operation of an AP and an STA.
  • 24 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an STA according to various embodiments.
  • 25 is a flowchart illustrating another operation of an STA according to various embodiments.
  • 26 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an AP according to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating another operation of an AP according to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a receiving STA according to various embodiments.
  • 29 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a transmitting STA according to various embodiments.
  • a or B (A or B) may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
  • a or B (A or B) may be interpreted as “A and/or B (A and/or B)”.
  • A, B or C (A, B or C) means “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or "any and all combinations of A, B and C ( It can mean any combination of A, B and C)”.
  • a forward slash (/) or comma used herein may mean “and/or”.
  • A/B can mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
  • A, B, C may mean "A, B or C”.
  • At least one of A and B may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
  • the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” means “at least one A and B (at least one of A and B)" can be interpreted the same.
  • At least one of A, B and C at least one of A, B and C
  • at least one of A, B or C at least one of A, B or C
  • at least one of A, B and/or C at least one of A, B and/or C
  • control information EHT-Signal
  • EHT-Signal when displayed as “control information (EHT-Signal)”, “EHT-Signal” may be proposed as an example of “control information”.
  • control information of the present specification is not limited to “EHT-Signal”, and “EHT-Signal” may be suggested as an example of "control information”.
  • EHT-signal even when displayed as “control information (ie, EHT-signal)", “EHT-signal” may be proposed as an example of "control information”.
  • the following example of the present specification can be applied to various wireless communication systems.
  • the following example of the present specification may be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • this specification may be applied to the IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac standard or the IEEE 802.11ax standard.
  • the present specification can be applied to the newly proposed EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be standard.
  • an example of the present specification may be applied to the EHT standard or a new wireless LAN standard that is enhanced with IEEE 802.11be.
  • an example of the present specification may be applied to a mobile communication system.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • an example of the present specification may be applied to a communication system of 5G NR standard based on 3GPP standard.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a transmitting device and/or a receiving device of the present specification.
  • the example of FIG. 1 may perform various technical features described below. 1 is related to at least one STA (station).
  • the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification include a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), It may also be referred to by various names such as a mobile station (MS), a mobile subscriber unit, or simply a user.
  • STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may be referred to by various names such as a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, and a relay.
  • the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may be referred to by various names such as a receiving device, a transmitting device, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, and a transmitting device.
  • the STAs 110 and 120 may perform an access point (AP) role or a non-AP role. That is, the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may perform functions of an AP and/or a non-AP.
  • the AP may also be referred to as an AP STA.
  • the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard together. For example, it is possible to support communication standards (eg, LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standards) according to 3GPP standards.
  • the STA of the present specification may be implemented with various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, and a personal computer.
  • the STA of the present specification may support communication for various communication services such as voice call, video call, data communication, and autonomous driving (Self-Driving, Autonomous-Driving).
  • the STAs 110 and 120 may include a medium access control (MAC) and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium according to the IEEE 802.11 standard.
  • MAC medium access control
  • the STAs 110 and 120 will be described on the basis of the sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 as follows.
  • the first STA 110 may include a processor 111, a memory 112, and a transceiver 113.
  • the illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may be implemented as separate chips, or at least two or more blocks/functions may be implemented through a single chip.
  • the transceiver 113 of the first STA performs a signal transmission/reception operation.
  • IEEE 802.11 packets eg, IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.
  • IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc. can be transmitted and received.
  • the first STA 110 may perform an intended operation of the AP.
  • the processor 111 of the AP may receive a signal through the transceiver 113, process a received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission.
  • the memory 112 of the AP may store a signal (ie, a received signal) received through the transceiver 113 and may store a signal (ie, a transmission signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.
  • the second STA 120 may perform an intended operation of a non-AP STA.
  • the non-AP transceiver 123 performs a signal transmission/reception operation.
  • IEEE 802.11 packets eg, IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.
  • IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc. can be transmitted and received.
  • the processor 121 of the non-AP STA may receive a signal through the transceiver 123, process a received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission.
  • the memory 122 of the non-AP STA may store a signal (ie, a received signal) received through the transceiver 123 and may store a signal (ie, a transmission signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.
  • an operation of a device indicated as an AP may be performed by the first STA 110 or the second STA 120.
  • the operation of the device indicated as an AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110 and is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110.
  • a related signal may be transmitted or received through the controlled transceiver 113.
  • control information related to the operation of the AP or transmission/reception signals of the AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110.
  • the operation of the device indicated as an AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120 and controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120.
  • a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123 being used.
  • control information related to the operation of the AP or transmission/reception signals of the AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 110.
  • an operation of a device indicated as non-AP may be performed by the first STA 110 or the second STA 120.
  • the operation of the device marked as non-AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120 and the processor of the second STA 120 ( A related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123 controlled by 121).
  • control information related to the operation of the non-AP or transmission/reception signals of the AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120.
  • the operation of the device marked as non-AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110 and the processor of the first STA 120 ( A related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 113 controlled by 111).
  • control information related to the operation of the non-AP or transmission/reception signals of the AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110.
  • (transmission/reception) STA first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmission/reception) Terminal, (transmission/reception) device , (Transmission/reception) apparatus, a device called a network, etc.
  • STAs 110 and 120 of FIG. 1 For example, without specific reference numerals (transmission/reception) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmission/reception) Terminal, (transmission Devices displayed as /receive) device, (transmit/receive) apparatus, network, etc.
  • an operation in which various STAs transmit and receive signals may be performed by the transceivers 113 and 123 of FIG. 1.
  • an operation of generating a transmission/reception signal by various STAs or performing data processing or calculation in advance for a transmission/reception signal may be performed by the processors 111 and 121 of FIG. 1.
  • an example of an operation of generating a transmission/reception signal or performing data processing or operation in advance for a transmission/reception signal is: 1) Determining bit information of a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in the PPDU.
  • Time resources or frequency resources e.g., subcarrier resources used for subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) included in the PPDU, etc.
  • Determination/configuration/acquisition of data 3) A specific sequence used for the subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) fields included in the PPDU (e.g., pilot sequence, STF/LTF sequence, applied to SIG) An operation of determining/configuring/obtaining an extra sequence), etc., 4) a power control operation and/or a power saving operation applied to an STA, 5) an operation related to determination/acquisition/configuration/calculation/decoding/encoding of an ACK signal, etc. Can include.
  • various information used by various STAs for determination/acquisition/configuration/calculation/decoding/encoding of transmission/reception signals (e.g., information related to fields/subfields/control fields/parameters/power, etc.) It may be stored in the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1.
  • the device/STA of the sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above may be modified as in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1.
  • the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification will be described based on the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1.
  • the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same functions as the transceiver illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1.
  • the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may include processors 111 and 121 and memories 112 and 122.
  • the processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122 illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 are the processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122 illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. ) And can perform the same function.
  • a mobile terminal a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), mobile Mobile Subscriber Unit, User, User STA, Network, Base Station, Node-B, Access Point (AP), Repeater, Router, Relay, Receiving Device, Transmitting Device, Receiving STA, Transmitting
  • the STA, the receiving device, the transmitting device, the receiving Apparatus, and/or the transmitting Apparatus refer to the STAs 110 and 120 shown in sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1, or the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. It may mean the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in ).
  • the technical features of the present specification may be performed on the STAs 110 and 120 shown in sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1, and the processing chip ( 114, 124).
  • the technical feature of the transmitting STA transmitting the control signal is that the control signal generated by the processors 111 and 121 shown in sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 is sub-drawing (a) of FIG. It can be understood as a technical feature transmitted through the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in )/(b).
  • the technical feature in which the transmitting STA transmits the control signal is a technical feature in which a control signal to be transmitted to the transceivers 113 and 123 is generated from the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. Can be understood.
  • the technical characteristic that the receiving STA receives the control signal may be understood as a technical characteristic in which the control signal is received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1.
  • the technical feature that the receiving STA receives the control signal is that the control signal received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 is the processor shown in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 111, 121) can be understood as a technical feature obtained.
  • the technical feature that the receiving STA receives the control signal is that the control signal received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 is a processing chip shown in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 It can be understood as a technical feature obtained by (114, 124).
  • software codes 115 and 125 may be included in the memories 112 and 122.
  • the software codes 115 and 125 may include instructions for controlling the operations of the processors 111 and 121.
  • the software codes 115 and 125 may be included in various programming languages.
  • the processors 111 and 121 or the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in FIG. 1 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, and/or a data processing device.
  • the processor may be an application processor (AP).
  • the processors 111 and 121 or the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in FIG. 1 are a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator). and demodulator).
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • CPU central processing unit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • modem modulator
  • demodulator demodulator
  • SNAPDRAGONTM series processors manufactured by Qualcomm®, EXYNOSTM series processors manufactured by Samsung®, and It may be an A series processor, a HELIOTM series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOMTM series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or an enhanced processor.
  • uplink may mean a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and an uplink PPDU/packet/signal may be transmitted through the uplink.
  • downlink may mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and a downlink PPDU/packet/signal may be transmitted through the downlink.
  • WLAN wireless LAN
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of an infrastructure BSS (basic service set) of IEEE (institute of electrical and electronic engineers) 802.11.
  • BSS basic service set
  • IEEE institute of electrical and electronic engineers
  • the wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs 200 and 205 (hereinafter, BSS).
  • BSS (200, 205) is a set of APs and STAs such as an AP (access point, 225) and STA1 (Station, 200-1) that can communicate with each other by successfully synchronizing, and does not refer to a specific area.
  • the BSS 205 may include one or more STAs 205-1 and 205-2 that can be coupled to one AP 230.
  • the BSS may include at least one STA, APs 225 and 230 providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS) 210 connecting a plurality of APs.
  • STA STA
  • APs 225 and 230 providing a distribution service
  • DS distribution system
  • the distributed system 210 may implement an extended service set (ESS) 240, which is an extended service set, by connecting several BSSs 200 and 205.
  • ESS 240 may be used as a term indicating one network formed by connecting one or several APs through the distributed system 210.
  • APs included in one ESS 240 may have the same service set identification (SSID).
  • the portal 220 may serve as a bridge for connecting a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) and another network (eg, 802.X).
  • IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11
  • 802.X another network
  • a network between the APs 225 and 230 and a network between the APs 225 and 230 and the STAs 200-1, 205-1, and 205-2 may be implemented.
  • a network that performs communication by configuring a network even between STAs without the APs 225 and 230 is defined as an ad-hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS).
  • FIG. 2 The lower part of FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing IBSS.
  • the IBSS is a BSS operating in an ad-hoc mode. Since IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in the IBSS, the STAs 250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, and 255-5 are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) can be configured as mobile STAs, and access to the distributed system is not allowed, so a self-contained network. network).
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.
  • the STA may perform a network discovery operation.
  • the network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, in order for the STA to access the network, it must find a network that can participate. The STA must identify a compatible network before participating in the wireless network. The process of identifying a network existing in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.
  • the STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to search for an AP present in the vicinity while moving channels and waits for a response thereto.
  • the responder transmits a probe response frame in response to the probe request frame to the STA that has transmitted the probe request frame.
  • the responder may be an STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned.
  • BSS since the AP transmits a beacon frame, the AP becomes a responder, and in IBSS, because STAs in the IBSS rotate and transmit beacon frames, the responder is not constant.
  • an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 stores BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame, and stores the next channel (e.g., 2 Channel) and scanning (ie, probe request/response transmission/reception on channel 2) in the same manner.
  • next channel e.g., 2 Channel
  • scanning ie, probe request/response transmission/reception on channel 2
  • the scanning operation may be performed in a passive scanning method.
  • An STA performing scanning based on passive scanning may wait for a beacon frame while moving channels.
  • the beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11, and is periodically transmitted so that the STA, which notifies the existence of the wireless network and performs scanning, finds the wireless network and can participate in the wireless network.
  • the AP performs a role of periodically transmitting a beacon frame, and in IBSS, the STAs in the IBSS rotate and transmit the beacon frame.
  • the STA performing the scanning receives the beacon frame, it stores information on the BSS included in the beacon frame, moves to another channel, and records the beacon frame information in each channel.
  • the STA receiving the beacon frame may store BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning in the next channel in the same manner.
  • the STA that discovers the network may perform an authentication process through step S320.
  • This authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process in order to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 to be described later.
  • the authentication process of S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an authentication response frame to the STA.
  • An authentication frame used for authentication request/response corresponds to a management frame.
  • the authentication frame consists of an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a robust security network (RSN), and a finite cycle group. Group), etc. can be included.
  • RSN robust security network
  • the STA may transmit an authentication request frame to the AP.
  • the AP may determine whether to allow authentication for the corresponding STA based on information included in the received authentication request frame.
  • the AP may provide the result of the authentication process to the STA through the authentication response frame.
  • the successfully authenticated STA may perform a connection process based on step S330.
  • the association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA.
  • the connection request frame includes information related to various capabilities, beacon listening intervals, service set identifiers (SSIDs), supported rates, supported channels, RSNs, and mobility domains. , Supported operating classes, TIM broadcast request (Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request), interworking (interworking) service capability and the like information may be included.
  • connection response frame includes information related to various capabilities, status code, association ID (AID), support rate, enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameter set, Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), Received Signal to Noise (RSNI). Indicator), a mobility domain, a timeout interval (association comeback time), an overlapping BSS scan parameter, a TIM broadcast response, a QoS map, and the like.
  • step S340 the STA may perform a security setup process.
  • the security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a process of performing a private key setup through 4-way handshaking through an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. .
  • EAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a PPDU used in the IEEE standard.
  • PPDUs PHY protocol data units
  • LTF and STF fields included training signals
  • SIG-A and SIG-B included control information for the receiving station
  • data field included user data corresponding to PSDU (MAC PDU/Aggregated MAC PDU). Included.
  • FIG. 4 also includes an example of an HE PPDU according to the IEEE 802.11ax standard.
  • the HE PPDU according to FIG. 4 is an example of a PPDU for multiple users, and HE-SIG-B is included only for multiple users, and the corresponding HE-SIG-B may be omitted in the PPDU for a single user.
  • HE-PPDU for multiple users is L-STF (legacy-short training field), L-LTF (legacy-long training field), L-SIG (legacy-signal), HE-SIG-A (high efficiency-signal A), HE-SIG-B (high efficiency-signal-B), HE-STF (high efficiency-short training field), HE-LTF (high efficiency-long training field) , May include a data field (or MAC payload) and a packet extension (PE) field. Each field may be transmitted during the illustrated time period (ie, 4 or 8 ⁇ s, etc.).
  • the resource unit may include a plurality of subcarriers (or tones).
  • the resource unit may be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on the OFDMA technique.
  • a resource unit may be defined even when a signal is transmitted to one STA.
  • the resource unit may be used for STF, LTF, data fields, and the like.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used in a 20 MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • resource units corresponding to different numbers of tones (ie, subcarriers) may be used to configure some fields of the HE-PPDU.
  • resources may be allocated in units of RUs shown for HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields.
  • 26-units ie, units corresponding to 26 tones
  • 6 tones may be used as a guard band
  • 5 tones may be used as the guard band.
  • 7 DC tones are inserted in the center band, that is, the DC band
  • 26-units corresponding to 13 tones may exist on the left and right sides of the DC band.
  • 26-units, 52-units, and 106-units may be allocated to other bands.
  • Each unit can be assigned for a receiving station, i.e. a user.
  • the RU arrangement of FIG. 5 is utilized not only in a situation for a plurality of users (MU), but also in a situation for a single user (SU).
  • MU plurality of users
  • SU single user
  • one 242-unit is used. It is possible to use and in this case 3 DC tones can be inserted.
  • RUs of various sizes that is, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, etc.
  • this embodiment Is not limited to the specific size of each RU (ie, the number of corresponding tones).
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used in a 40 MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, and the like may also be used in the example of FIG. 6.
  • 5 DC tones can be inserted into the center frequency, 12 tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 40MHz band, and 11 tones are used in the rightmost band of the 40MHz band. It can be used as a guard band.
  • a 484-RU when used for a single user, a 484-RU may be used. Meanwhile, the fact that the specific number of RUs can be changed is the same as the example of FIG. 4.
  • RU 7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units (RU) used in the 80MHz band.
  • 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, 996-RU, etc. may also be used in the example of FIG. 7. have.
  • 7 DC tones can be inserted into the center frequency
  • 12 tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 80MHz band
  • 11 tones are used in the rightmost band of the 80MHz band. It can be used as a guard band.
  • 26-RU using 13 tones located on the left and right of the DC band can be used.
  • a 996-RU when used for a single user, a 996-RU may be used, and in this case, 5 DC tones may be inserted.
  • the RU described herein may be used for UL (Uplink) communication and DL (Downlink) communication.
  • the transmitting STA eg, AP
  • transmits the first RU eg, 26/52/106 to the first STA through the trigger frame.
  • /242-RU, etc. may be allocated, and a second RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) may be allocated to the second STA.
  • the first STA may transmit a first trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU
  • the second STA may transmit a second trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU.
  • the first/second trigger-based PPDU is transmitted to the AP in the same time interval.
  • the transmitting STA (eg, AP) allocates a first RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to the first STA, and 2 STAs may be assigned a second RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.). That is, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) may transmit the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA through the first RU within one MU PPDU, and the second RU through the second RU.
  • HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for 2 STAs can be transmitted.
  • HE-SIG-B Information on the arrangement of the RU may be signaled through HE-SIG-B.
  • the HE-SIG-B field 810 includes a common field 820 and a user-specific field 830.
  • the common field 820 may include information commonly applied to all users (ie, user STAs) receiving SIG-B.
  • the user-individual field 830 may be referred to as a user-individual control field.
  • the user-individual field 830 may be applied to only some of the plurality of users.
  • the common field 820 and the user-individual field 830 may be encoded separately.
  • the common field 820 may include RU allocation information of N*8 bits.
  • the RU allocation information may include information on the location of the RU.
  • the RU allocation information may include information on which RU (26-RU/52-RU/106-RU) is allocated in which frequency band. .
  • a maximum of 9 26-RUs may be allocated to a 20 MHz channel.
  • Table 1 when the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is set to “00000000”, nine 26-RUs may be allocated to a corresponding channel (ie, 20 MHz).
  • the RU allocation information of the common field 820 when the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is set as “00000001”, seven 26-RUs and one 52-RU are arranged in a corresponding channel. That is, in the example of FIG. 5, 52-RUs may be allocated to the rightmost side and seven 26-RUs may be allocated to the left side.
  • Table 1 shows only some of the RU locations that can be displayed by RU allocation information.
  • RU allocation information may include an example of Table 2 below.
  • "01000y2y1y0" relates to an example in which 106-RU is allocated to the leftmost-left side of a 20 MHz channel, and five 26-RUs are allocated to the right side of the 20 MHz channel.
  • a number of STAs (eg, User-STAs) may be allocated to the 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO technique.
  • up to 8 STAs (eg, User-STA) may be allocated to 106-RU, and the number of STAs (eg, User-STA) allocated to 106-RU is 3-bit information (y2y1y0). ) Is determined on the basis of. For example, when 3-bit information (y2y1y0) is set to N, the number of STAs (eg, User-STAs) allocated to 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO technique may be N+1.
  • a plurality of different STAs may be allocated to a plurality of RUs.
  • a plurality of STAs may be allocated based on the MU-MIMO technique.
  • the user-individual field 830 may include a plurality of user fields.
  • the number of STAs (eg, user STAs) allocated to a specific channel may be determined based on the RU allocation information in the common field 820. For example, when the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is "00000000", one User STA may be allocated to each of nine 26-RUs (ie, a total of 9 User STAs are allocated). That is, up to 9 user STAs may be allocated to a specific channel through the OFDMA scheme. In other words, up to 9 User STAs may be allocated to a specific channel through a non-MU-MIMO scheme.
  • a plurality of User STAs are allocated to 106-RUs disposed on the leftmost-left side through the MU-MIMO technique, and five 26-RUs disposed on the right side are allocated Five User STAs may be allocated through a non-MU-MIMO scheme. This case is embodied through an example of FIG. 9.
  • RU allocation is set to "01000010" as shown in FIG. 9, based on Table 2, 106-RUs are allocated to the leftmost-left side of a specific channel, and five 26-RUs are allocated to the right side. I can.
  • a total of three User STAs may be allocated to the 106-RU through the MU-MIMO scheme.
  • the user-individual field 830 of HE-SIG-B may include 8 User fields.
  • Eight User fields may be included in the order shown in FIG. 9.
  • two User fields may be implemented as one User block field.
  • the User field shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 may be configured based on two formats. That is, the User field related to the MU-MIMO technique may be configured in the first format, and the User field related to the non-MU-MIMO technique may be configured in the second format.
  • User fields 1 to 3 may be based on a first format
  • User fields 4 to 8 may be based on a second format.
  • the first format or the second format may include bit information of the same length (eg, 21 bits).
  • Each User field may have the same size (eg, 21 bits).
  • the User Field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO scheme) may be configured as follows.
  • the first bit (eg, B0-B10) in the user field (ie, 21 bits) is the identification information of the user STA to which the corresponding user field is allocated (eg, STA-ID, partial AID, etc.) It may include.
  • the second bit (eg, B11-B14) in the user field (ie, 21 bits) may include information on spatial configuration.
  • an example of the second bit (ie, B11-B14) may be as shown in Tables 3 to 4 below.
  • information on the number of spatial streams for a user STA may consist of 4 bits.
  • information on the number of spatial streams for a user STA may support up to 8 spatial streams.
  • information on the number of spatial streams may support up to four spatial streams for one user STA.
  • the third bit (ie, B15-18) in the user field (ie, 21 bits) may include MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) information.
  • MCS information may be applied to a data field in a PPDU in which the corresponding SIG-B is included.
  • MCS MCS information
  • MCS index MCS field, etc. used in the present specification may be indicated by a specific index value.
  • MCS information may be represented by index 0 to index 11.
  • the MCS information includes information about a constellation modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, etc.), and a coding rate (e.g., 1/2, 2/ 3, 3/4, 5/6, etc.).
  • a channel coding type eg, BCC or LDPC
  • the fourth bit (ie, B19) in the user field (ie, 21 bits) may be a reserved field.
  • the fifth bit (ie, B20) in the user field may include information on the coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC). That is, the fifth bit (ie, B20) may include information on the type of channel coding (eg, BCC or LDPC) applied to the data field in the PPDU including the corresponding SIG-B.
  • the coding type eg, BCC or LDPC
  • the fifth bit (ie, B20) may include information on the type of channel coding (eg, BCC or LDPC) applied to the data field in the PPDU including the corresponding SIG-B.
  • the above-described example relates to the User Field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO scheme).
  • An example of the User field of the second format (the format of the non-MU-MIMO scheme) is as follows.
  • the first bit (eg, B0-B10) in the User field of the second format may include identification information of the User STA.
  • the second bit (eg, B11-B13) in the user field of the second format may include information on the number of spatial streams applied to the corresponding RU.
  • the third bit (eg, B14) in the user field of the second format may include information on whether the beamforming steering matrix is applied.
  • the fourth bit (eg, B15-B18) in the user field of the second format may include MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) information.
  • the fifth bit (eg, B19) in the user field of the second format may include information on whether or not Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM) is applied.
  • the sixth bit (ie, B20) in the user field of the second format may include information on the coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC).
  • the transmitting STA may perform channel access through contending (ie, a backoff operation) and transmit a trigger frame 1030. That is, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) may transmit the PPDU including the trigger frame 1330.
  • a trigger-based (TB) PPDU is transmitted after a delay equal to SIFS.
  • the TB PPDUs 1041 and 1042 may be transmitted at the same time slot and may be transmitted from a plurality of STAs (eg, User STAs) in which an AID is indicated in the trigger frame 1030.
  • the ACK frame 1050 for the TB PPDU may be implemented in various forms.
  • an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technique or an MU MIMO technique may be used, and an OFDMA and MU MIMO technique may be used at the same time.
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • the trigger frame of FIG. 11 allocates resources for uplink multiple-user transmission (MU), and may be transmitted, for example, from an AP.
  • the trigger frame may be composed of a MAC frame and may be included in a PPDU.
  • Each of the fields shown in FIG. 11 may be partially omitted, and other fields may be added. Also, the length of each field may be changed differently from that shown.
  • the frame control field 1110 of FIG. 11 includes information about the version of the MAC protocol and other additional control information, and the duration field 1120 includes time information for setting NAV or an identifier of the STA (for example, For example, information about AID) may be included.
  • the RA field 1130 includes address information of the receiving STA of the corresponding trigger frame, and may be omitted if necessary.
  • the TA field 1140 includes address information of an STA (eg, AP) that transmits the corresponding trigger frame
  • the common information field 1150 is a common information applied to a receiving STA receiving the corresponding trigger frame.
  • a field indicating the length of an L-SIG field of an uplink PPDU transmitted in response to a corresponding trigger frame, or a SIG-A field of an uplink PPDU transmitted in response to a corresponding trigger frame i.e., HE-SIG-A Field
  • information about the length of the CP of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame or information about the length of the LTF field may be included.
  • the individual user information field may be referred to as an "assignment field".
  • the trigger frame of FIG. 11 may include a padding field 1170 and a frame check sequence field 1180.
  • Each of the individual user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N shown in FIG. 11 may again include a plurality of subfields.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of a common information field of a trigger frame. Some of the subfields of FIG. 12 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. In addition, the length of each of the illustrated subfields may be changed.
  • the illustrated length field 1210 has the same value as the length field of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame, and the length field of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU represents the length of the uplink PPDU.
  • the length field 1210 of the trigger frame may be used to indicate the length of the corresponding uplink PPDU.
  • the cascade indicator field 1220 indicates whether a cascade operation is performed.
  • the cascade operation means that downlink MU transmission and uplink MU transmission are performed together in the same TXOP. That is, after downlink MU transmission is performed, it means that uplink MU transmission is performed after a preset time (eg, SIFS).
  • a preset time eg, SIFS.
  • the CS request field 1230 indicates whether to consider the state of the radio medium or the NAV in a situation in which the receiving device receiving the corresponding trigger frame transmits the corresponding uplink PPDU.
  • the HE-SIG-A information field 1240 may include information for controlling the content of the SIG-A field (ie, the HE-SIG-A field) of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to a corresponding trigger frame.
  • the CP and LTF type field 1250 may include information on the length of the LTF and the length of the CP of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame.
  • the trigger type field 1060 may indicate a purpose for which the corresponding trigger frame is used, for example, normal triggering, triggering for beamforming, request for Block ACK/NACK, and the like.
  • the trigger type field 1260 of the trigger frame indicates a basic type of trigger frame for normal triggering.
  • a basic type of trigger frame may be referred to as a basic trigger frame.
  • the user information field 1300 of FIG. 13 shows an example of a subfield included in a per user information field.
  • the user information field 1300 of FIG. 13 may be understood as any one of the individual user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N mentioned in FIG. 11 above. Some of the subfields included in the user information field 1300 of FIG. 13 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. In addition, the length of each of the illustrated subfields may be changed.
  • the user identifier field 1310 of FIG. 13 represents an identifier of an STA (ie, a receiving STA) corresponding to per user information, and an example of the identifier is an association identifier (AID) of the receiving STA. It can be all or part of the value.
  • an RU Allocation field 1320 may be included. That is, when the receiving STA identified by the user identifier field 1310 transmits the TB PPDU corresponding to the trigger frame, it transmits the TB PPDU through the RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320.
  • the RU indicated by the RU Allocation field 1320 may be the RU shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7.
  • the subfield of FIG. 13 may include a coding type field 1330.
  • the coding type field 1330 may indicate the coding type of the TB PPDU. For example, when BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330 may be set to '1', and when LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1330 may be set to '0'. have.
  • the subfield of FIG. 13 may include an MCS field 1340.
  • the MCS field 1340 may indicate an MCS scheme applied to a TB PPDU. For example, when BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330 may be set to '1', and when LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1330 may be set to '0'. have.
  • the transmitting STA may allocate 6 RU resources as shown in FIG. 14 through a trigger frame.
  • the AP is a first RU resource (AID 0, RU 1), a second RU resource (AID 0, RU 2), a third RU resource (AID 0, RU 3), a fourth RU resource (AID 2045, RU 4), the fifth RU resource (AID 2045, RU 5), and the sixth RU resource (AID 3, RU 6) can be allocated.
  • Information on AID 0, AID 3, or AID 2045 may be included, for example, in the user identification field 1310 of FIG. 13.
  • Information on RU 1 to RU 6 may be included, for example, in the RU allocation field 1320 of FIG. 13.
  • the first to third RU resources of FIG. 14 may be used as UORA resources for an associated STA
  • the fourth to fifth RU resources of FIG. 14 are for un-associated STAs. It may be used as a UORA resource
  • the sixth RU resource of FIG. 14 may be used as a resource for a normal UL MU.
  • the OBO (OFDMA random access BackOff) counter of STA1 is decreased to 0, so that STA1 randomly selects the second RU resources (AID 0, RU 2).
  • the OBO counter of STA2/3 is greater than 0, uplink resources are not allocated to STA2/3.
  • STA1 of FIG. 14 is an associated STA, there are a total of three eligible RA RUs for STA1 (RU 1, RU 2, RU 3), and accordingly, STA1 decreases the OBO counter by 3 so that the OBO counter is It became 0.
  • STA2 of FIG. 14 is an associated STA, there are a total of 3 eligible RA RUs for STA2 (RU 1, RU 2, RU 3), and accordingly, STA2 has reduced the OBO counter by 3, but the OBO counter is 0. Is in a larger state.
  • STA3 of FIG. 14 is an un-associated STA, there are a total of two eligible RA RUs (RU 4 and RU 5) for STA3, and accordingly, STA3 has reduced the OBO counter by 2, but the OBO counter is It is in a state greater than 0.
  • 15 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 2.4 GHz band.
  • the 2.4 GHz band may be referred to by other names such as the first band (band).
  • the 2.4 GHz band may refer to a frequency region in which channels having a center frequency adjacent to 2.4 GHz (eg, channels having a center frequency located within 2.4 to 2.5 GHz) are used/supported/defined.
  • the 2.4 GHz band may contain multiple 20 MHz channels.
  • 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band may have multiple channel indexes (eg, index 1 to index 14).
  • a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index 1 is assigned may be 2.412 GHz
  • a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index 2 is assigned may be 2.417 GHz
  • 20 MHz to which channel index N is assigned The center frequency of the channel may be (2.407 + 0.005*N) GHz.
  • the channel index may be referred to by various names such as a channel number. Specific values of the channel index and center frequency may be changed.
  • Each of the illustrated first to fourth frequency regions 1510 to 1540 may include one channel.
  • the first frequency domain 1510 may include channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel having index 1).
  • the center frequency of channel 1 may be set to 2412 MHz.
  • the second frequency domain 1520 may include channel 6.
  • the center frequency of channel 6 may be set to 2437 MHz.
  • the third frequency domain 1530 may include channel 11.
  • the center frequency of channel 11 may be set to 2462 MHz.
  • the fourth frequency domain 1540 may include channel 14. At this time, the center frequency of channel 14 may be set to 2484 MHz.
  • 16 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 5 GHz band.
  • the 5 GHz band may be referred to by another name such as the second band/band.
  • the 5 GHz band may mean a frequency range in which channels having a center frequency of 5 GHz or more and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used/supported/defined.
  • the 5 GHz band may include a plurality of channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific numerical values shown in FIG. 16 may be changed.
  • the plurality of channels in the 5 GHz band include UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM.
  • UNII-1 can be called UNII Low.
  • UNII-2 may include a frequency domain called UNII Mid and UNII-2 Extended.
  • UNII-3 can be called UNII-Upper.
  • a plurality of channels may be set in the 5 GHz band, and the bandwidth of each channel may be variously set to 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency range/range in UNII-1 and UNII-2 may be divided into eight 20 MHz channels.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain/range can be divided into four channels through the 40 MHz frequency domain.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain/range can be divided into two channels through the 80 MHz frequency domain.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain/range may be divided into one channel through the 160 MHz frequency domain.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 6 GHz band.
  • the 6 GHz band may be referred to as a third band/band or the like.
  • the 6 GHz band may mean a frequency range in which channels with a center frequency of 5.9 GHz or more are used/supported/defined.
  • the specific numerical values shown in FIG. 17 may be changed.
  • the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 17 may be defined from 5.940 GHz.
  • the leftmost channel of the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 17 may have an index number 1 (or a channel index, a channel number, etc.), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz may be allocated. That is, the center frequency of the index N channel may be determined as (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz.
  • the index (or channel number) of the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 17 is 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, It may be 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233.
  • the index of the 40 MHz channel in FIG. 17 is 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, 227.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be referred to as various names such as EHT PPDU, transmission PPDU, reception PPDU, 1st type or Nth type PPDU.
  • the PPDU or EHT PPDU may be referred to by various names such as a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, a first type or an N type PPDU.
  • the EHT PPU can be used in the EHT system and/or in a new wireless LAN system with an improved EHT system.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may represent some or all of the PPDU types used in the EHT system.
  • the example of FIG. 18 may be used for both a single-user (SU) mode and a multi-user (MU) mode, only for the SU mode, or for only the MU mode.
  • a trigger-based PPDU (TB) may be defined separately or may be configured based on the example of FIG. 18.
  • the trigger frame described through at least one of FIGS. 10 to 14 and the UL-MU operation initiated by the trigger frame (eg, transmission operation of a TB PPDU) may be applied to the EHT system as it is.
  • L-STF to EHT-LTF may be referred to as a preamble or a physical preamble, and may be generated/transmitted/received/acquired/decoded in the physical layer.
  • the subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields of FIG. 18 is set to 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields Can be set to 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields is displayed in units of 312.5 kHz, and EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, The tone index (or subcarrier index) of the data field may be displayed in units of 78.125 kHz.
  • the L-LTF and the L-STF may be the same as the conventional field.
  • the L-SIG field of FIG. 18 may include 24-bit bit information, for example.
  • the 24-bit information may include a 4 bit Rate field, 1 bit Reserved bit, 12 bit Length field, 1 bit Parity bit, and 6 bit Tail bit.
  • the 12-bit Length field may include information on the length or time duration of the PPDU.
  • the value of the 12-bit Length field may be determined based on the type of PPDU. For example, when the PPDU is a non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU or EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3.
  • a value of the Length field may be determined as "multiple of 3 + 1" or “multiple of 3 +2".
  • the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3
  • the value of the Length field is "multiple of 3 + 1" or "multiple of 3 It can be determined as +2".
  • the transmitting STA may apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1/2 to 24-bit information of the L-SIG field. Thereafter, the transmitting STA may obtain a 48-bit BCC coded bit. BPSK modulation is applied to the 48-bit coded bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols.
  • the transmitting STA may map 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding pilot subcarriers ⁇ subcarrier index -21, -7, +7, +21 ⁇ and DC subcarrier ⁇ subcarrier index 0 ⁇ . As a result, 48 BPSK symbols can be mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26.
  • the transmitting STA may additionally map a signal of ⁇ -1, -1, -1, 1 ⁇ to the subcarrier index ⁇ -28, -27, +27, +28 ⁇ .
  • the above signal can be used for channel estimation in the frequency domain corresponding to ⁇ -28, -27, +27, +28 ⁇ .
  • the transmitting STA may generate the RL-SIG generated in the same manner as the L-SIG.
  • BPSK modulation can be applied to RL-SIG.
  • the receiving STA may know that the received PPDU is an HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU based on the presence of the RL-SIG.
  • U-SIG Universal SIG
  • the U-SIG may be referred to by various names such as a first SIG field, a first SIG, a first type SIG, a control signal, a control signal field, and a first (type) control signal.
  • U-SIG may include N bits of information and may include information for identifying the type of EHT PPDU.
  • the U-SIG may be configured based on two symbols (eg, two consecutive OFDM symbols).
  • Each symbol (eg, OFDM symbol) for U-SIG may have a duration of 4 us.
  • Each symbol of U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information.
  • each symbol of U-SIG may be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.
  • A-bit information (eg, 52 un-coded bits) may be transmitted, and the first symbol of the U-SIG is the first of the total A-bit information.
  • X-bit information (e.g., 26 un-coded bits) is transmitted, and the second symbol of U-SIG can transmit remaining Y-bit information (e.g., 26 un-coded bits) of the total A-bit information.
  • the transmitting STA may acquire 26 un-coded bits included in each U-SIG symbol.
  • the transmitting STA may generate 52 BPSK symbols allocated to each U-SIG symbol by performing BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bit.
  • One U-SIG symbol may be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0.
  • the 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA may be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21 tones.
  • A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by U-SIG is a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit long field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit long field). ) Can be included.
  • the CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of U-SIG.
  • the CRC field may be generated based on 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits excluding the CRC/tail field in the second symbol, and may be generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm.
  • the tail field may be used to terminate trellis of the convolutional decoder, and may be set to "000000", for example.
  • a bit information (eg, 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by U-SIG may be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits.
  • the size of version-independent bits may be fixed or variable.
  • version-independent bits may be allocated only to the first symbol of U-SIG, or version-independent bits may be allocated to both the first symbol and the second symbol of U-SIG.
  • version-independent bits and version-dependent bits may be referred to by various names such as a first control bit and a second control bit.
  • version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier.
  • the 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of the transmission/reception PPDU.
  • the first value of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmission/reception PPDU is an EHT PPDU.
  • the transmitting STA may set a 3-bit PHY version identifier as the first value.
  • the receiving STA may determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value.
  • the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL/DL flag field.
  • the first value of the 1-bit UL/DL flag field is related to UL communication
  • the second value of the UL/DL flag field is related to DL communication.
  • the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include information on the length of the TXOP and information on the BSS color ID.
  • EHT PPDU supporting SU when the EHT PPDU is classified into various types (e.g., EHT PPDU supporting SU, EHT PPDU supporting MU, EHT PPDU related to Trigger Frame, EHT PPDU related to Extended Range transmission, etc.) , Information about the type of EHT PPDU may be included in version-dependent bits of U-SIG.
  • types e.g., EHT PPDU supporting SU, EHT PPDU supporting MU, EHT PPDU related to Trigger Frame, EHT PPDU related to Extended Range transmission, etc.
  • Information about the type of EHT PPDU may be included in version-dependent bits of U-SIG.
  • the U-SIG includes 1) a bandwidth field including information on the bandwidth, 2) a field including information on the MCS technique applied to the EHT-SIG, and 3) dual subcarrier modulation in the EHT-SIG (dual subcarrier modulation).
  • DCM subcarrier modulation
  • Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of FIG. 18.
  • Preamble puncturing refers to applying puncturing to some bands (eg, Secondary 20 MHz band) among the entire bands of the PPDU. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA may apply puncture to the secondary 20 MHz band of the 80 MHz band and transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band.
  • the pattern of preamble puncturing may be set in advance. For example, when the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to a secondary 20 MHz band within an 80 MHz band. For example, when the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied to only one of two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band).
  • the primary 40 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band) is present and does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band. Puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel that does not exist.
  • Information on preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG.
  • the first field of U-SIG may include information on the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU
  • the second field of U-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU. have.
  • U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing based on the following method.
  • the U-SIG can be individually configured in units of 80 MHz.
  • the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for a first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for a second 80 MHz band.
  • the first field of the first U-SIG includes information on the 160 MHz bandwidth
  • the second field of the first U-SIG is information on preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., preamble Information about puncturing patterns) may be included.
  • the first field of the second U-SIG includes information on the 160 MHz bandwidth
  • the second field of the second U-SIG is information on preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (ie, preamble puncturing).
  • Information on the processing pattern may be included.
  • the EHT-SIG continuing to the first U-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (that is, information on preamble puncturing pattern)
  • the second U-SIG Consecutive EHT-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (ie, information on preamble puncturing pattern).
  • U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing based on the following method.
  • the U-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing for all bands (ie, information on preamble puncturing pattern). That is, the EHT-SIG does not include information on preamble puncture, and only U-SIG may include information on preamble puncture (ie, information on preamble puncture pattern).
  • U-SIG can be configured in units of 20 MHz. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, U-SIG can be duplicated. That is, the same four U-SIGs may be included in the 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding the 80 MHz bandwidth may contain different U-SIGs.
  • the EHT-SIG of FIG. 18 may include the technical features of HE-SIG-B shown in the example of FIGS. 8 to 9 as it is.
  • the EHT-SIG may be referred to by various names such as a second SIG field, a second SIG, a second type SIG, a control signal, a control signal field, and a second (type) control signal.
  • the EHT-SIG may include N-bit information (eg, 1-bit information) regarding whether the EHT-PPDU supports the SU mode or the MU mode.
  • N-bit information eg, 1-bit information
  • EHT-SIG can be configured based on various MCS techniques. As described above, information related to the MCS technique applied to the EHT-SIG may be included in the U-SIG.
  • the EHT-SIG can be configured based on the DCM technique. For example, of the N data tones (e.g., 52 data tones) allocated for EHT-SIG, a first modulation technique is applied to half of the tones and the second modulation is applied to the remaining half of the tones The technique can be applied.
  • the transmitting STA modulates specific control information with a first symbol based on the first modulation technique and allocates it to a continuous half tone, modulates the same control information with a second symbol based on the second modulation technique, and It can be assigned to half of the tone.
  • information related to whether the DCM technique is applied to the EHT-SIG may be included in the U-SIG.
  • the EHT-STF of FIG. 18 is a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) environment or It can be used to improve automatic gain control estimation in an OFDMA environment.
  • the EHT-LTF of FIG. 18 may be used to estimate a channel in a MIMO environment or an OFDMA environment.
  • the EHT-STF of FIG. 18 may be set in various types.
  • the first type of STF (that is, 1x STF) may be generated based on a first type STF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are arranged at 16 subcarrier intervals.
  • the STF signal generated based on the first type STF sequence may have a period of 0.8 ⁇ s, and the 0.8 ⁇ s period signal may be repeated 5 times to become a first type STF having a length of 4 ⁇ s.
  • the second type of STF (that is, 2x STF) may be generated based on a second type STF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are arranged at 8 subcarrier intervals.
  • the STF signal generated based on the second type STF sequence may have a period of 1.6 ⁇ s, and the 1.6 ⁇ s period signal may be repeated 5 times to become a second type EHT-STF having a length of 8 ⁇ s.
  • an example of a sequence ie, an EHT-STF sequence
  • the following sequence can be modified in various ways.
  • the EHT-STF may be configured based on the following M sequence.
  • M ⁇ -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1 ⁇
  • EHT-STF for 20 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • the following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.
  • the first type sequence may be included in an EHT-PPDU other than a trigger-based (TB) PPDU.
  • (a:b:c) may mean a section defined as a b tone interval (ie, subcarrier interval) from a tone index (ie, subcarrier index) to c tone index.
  • Equation 2 below may represent a sequence defined by 16 tone intervals from the tone index -112 to the 112 index.
  • EHT-STF(-112:16:112) ⁇ M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • EHT-STF for 40 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • the following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.
  • EHT-STF(-240:16:240) ⁇ M, 0, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • EHT-STF for 80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • the following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.
  • EHT-STF(-496:16:496) (M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the EHT-STF for 160 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • the following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.
  • EHT-STF(-1008:16:1008) (M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, -M, 0, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the sequence for the lower 80 MHz of the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU may be the same as in Equation 4.
  • a sequence for an upper 80 MHz among EHT-STFs for an 80+80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • EHT-STF(-496:16:496) ⁇ -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • Equations 7 to 11 below relate to an example of a second type (ie, 2x STF) sequence.
  • EHT-STF(-120:8:120) (M, 0, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • EHT-STF for 40 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • EHT-STF(-248:8:248) (M, -1, -M, 0, M, -1, M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • EHT-STF for 80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • EHT-STF(-504:8:504) (M, -1, M, -1, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the EHT-STF for 160 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • EHT-STF(-1016:16:1016) (M, -1, M, -1, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M ⁇ *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the sequence for the lower 80 MHz of the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU may be the same as in Equation 9.
  • a sequence for an upper 80 MHz among EHT-STFs for an 80+80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
  • EHT-STF(-504:8:504) ⁇ -M, 1, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M ⁇ * (1 + j)/sqrt(2)
  • the EHT-LTF may have first, second, and third types (ie, 1x, 2x, 4x LTF).
  • the first/second/third type LTF may be generated based on an LTF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are arranged at 4/2/1 subcarrier intervals.
  • the first/second/third type LTF may have a time length of 3.2/6.4/12.8 ⁇ s.
  • GIs of various lengths eg, 0.8/1/6/3.2 ⁇ s may be applied to the first/second/third type LTF.
  • Information on the type of STF and/or LTF may be included in the SIG A field and/or the SIG B field of FIG. 18.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 (ie, EHT-PPDU) may be configured based on the examples of FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • an EHT PPDU transmitted on a 20 MHz band may be configured based on the RU of FIG. 5. That is, the location of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and RU of the data field included in the EHT PPDU may be determined as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the EHT PPDU transmitted on the 40 MHz band may be configured based on the RU of FIG. 6. That is, the location of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and RU of the data field included in the EHT PPDU may be determined as shown in FIG. 6.
  • a tone-plan for 80 MHz may be determined by repeating the pattern of FIG. 6 twice. That is, the 80 MHz EHT PPDU may be transmitted based on a new tone-plan in which the RU of FIG. 6 is repeated twice, not the RU of FIG. 7.
  • 23 tones may be configured in the DC region. That is, a tone-plan for an 80 MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on OFDMA may have 23 DC tones.
  • the 80 MHz EHT PPDU i.e., non-OFDMA full bandwidth 80 MHz PPDU
  • Non-OFDMA is configured based on 996 RU and consists of 5 DC tones, 12 left guard tones, and 11 right guard tones. It may include.
  • the tone-plan for 160/240/320 MHz may be configured in a form of repeating the pattern of FIG. 6 several times.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be determined (or identified) as an EHT PPDU based on the following method.
  • the receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU as the EHT PPDU based on the following items. For example, 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal of the received PPDU is BPSK, 2) the RL-SIG where the L-SIG of the received PPDU is repeated is detected, and 3) the length of the L-SIG of the received PPDU When the result of applying "modulo 3" to the value of the field is detected as "0", the received PPDU may be determined as an EHT PPDU.
  • the receiving STA is the type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., SU/MU/Trigger-based/Extended Range type) based on bit information included in the symbol after RL-SIG of FIG. ) Can be detected.
  • the type of the EHT PPDU e.g., SU/MU/Trigger-based/Extended Range type
  • the receiving STA is 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal, which is BSPK, 2) RL-SIG that is consecutive to the L-SIG field and is the same as L-SIG, and 3) the result of applying "modulo 3" is " L-SIG including a Length field set to 0", and 4) a received PPDU based on a 3-bit PHY version identifier (eg, a PHY version identifier having a first value) of the above-described U-SIG. It can be judged as an EHT PPDU.
  • a 3-bit PHY version identifier eg, a PHY version identifier having a first value
  • the receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU as an HE PPDU based on the following. For example, 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, 2) RL-SIG repeating L-SIG is detected, and 3) "modulo 3" is applied to the length value of L-SIG. When the result is detected as “1” or "2", the received PPDU may be determined as an HE PPDU.
  • the receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU as non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU based on the following items. For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, and 2) the L-SIG repeating RL-SIG is not detected, the received PPDU will be determined as non-HT, HT and VHT PPDU. I can. In addition, even if the receiving STA detects the repetition of RL-SIG, if the result of applying "modulo 3" to the length value of L-SIG is detected as "0", the received PPDU is non-HT, HT and VHT PPDU. It can be judged as.
  • a (transmit/receive/uplink/downward) signal may be a signal transmitted/received based on the PPDU of FIG. 18.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used to transmit and receive various types of frames.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used for a control frame.
  • control frame may include request to send (RTS), clear to send (CTS), Power Save-Poll (PS-Poll), BlockACKReq, BlockAck, NDP (Null Data Packet) announcement, and Trigger Frame.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used for a management frame.
  • An example of a management frame may include a Beacon frame, (Re-)Association Request frame, (Re-)Association Response frame, Probe Request frame, and Probe Response frame.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used for a data frame.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used to simultaneously transmit at least two or more of a control frame, a management frame, and a data frame.
  • 19 shows a modified example of the transmitting device and/or the receiving device of the present specification.
  • Each of the devices/STAs of the sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 may be modified as shown in FIG. 19.
  • the transceiver 630 of FIG. 19 may be the same as the transceivers 113 and 123 of FIG. 1.
  • the transceiver 630 of FIG. 19 may include a receiver and a transmitter.
  • the processor 610 of FIG. 19 may be the same as the processors 111 and 121 of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the processor 610 of FIG. 19 may be the same as the processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. 1.
  • the memory 150 of FIG. 19 may be the same as the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the memory 150 of FIG. 19 may be a separate external memory different from the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1.
  • the power management module 611 manages power for the processor 610 and/or the transceiver 630.
  • the battery 612 supplies power to the power management module 611.
  • the display 613 outputs a result processed by the processor 610.
  • Keypad 614 receives inputs to be used by processor 610.
  • the keypad 614 may be displayed on the display 613.
  • the SIM card 615 may be an integrated circuit used to securely store an IMSI (international mobile subscriber identity) used to identify and authenticate a subscriber in a mobile phone device such as a mobile phone and a computer and a key associated therewith. .
  • IMSI international mobile subscriber identity
  • the speaker 640 may output a sound-related result processed by the processor 610.
  • the microphone 641 may receive a sound-related input to be used by the processor 610.
  • 40 MHz channel bonding may be performed by combining two 20 MHz channels.
  • 40/80/160 MHz channel bonding may be performed in the IEEE 802.11ac system.
  • the STA may perform channel bonding for a primary 20 MHz channel (P20 channel) and a secondary 20 MHz channel (S20 channel).
  • a backoff count/counter may be used.
  • the backoff count value is selected as a random value and may be decreased during the backoff interval. In general, when the backoff count value becomes 0, the STA may attempt to access the channel.
  • the STA performing channel bonding when the P20 channel is determined to be in the idle state during the backoff interval and the backoff count value for the P20 channel becomes 0, the S20 channel is set for a certain period (e.g., point coordination function (PIFS)). It is determined whether the idle state has been maintained for interframe space)). If the S20 channel is in the idle state, the STA may perform bonding for the P20 channel and the S20 channel. That is, the STA may transmit a signal (PPDU) through a 40 MHz channel (ie, a 40 MHz bonding channel) including a P20 channel and an S20 channel.
  • PIFS point coordination function
  • the Primary 20 MHz channel and the Secondary 20 MHz channel may constitute a 40 MHz channel (Primary 40 MHz channel) through channel bonding. That is, the bonded 40 MHz channel may include a Primary 20 MHz channel and a Secondary 20 MHz channel.
  • Channel bonding may be performed when a channel successive to the primary channel is in an idle state. That is, the Primary 20 MHz channel, the Secondary 20 MHz channel, the Secondary 40 MHz channel, and the Secondary 80 MHz channel can be sequentially bonded. If the Secondary 20 MHz channel is determined to be in a busy state, the channel Bonding may not be performed. In addition, when the secondary 20 MHz channel is in the idle state and the secondary 40 MHz channel is determined to be in the busy state, channel bonding may be performed only for the primary 20 MHz channel and the secondary 20 MHz channel.
  • the STA configures a 160 MHz PPDU, and a preamble transmitted through a secondary 20 MHz channel (e.g., L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, HE-SIG-A , HE-SIG-B, HE-STF, HE-LTF, EHT-SIG, EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, etc.) are punctured (preamble puncturing) to transmit a signal through a channel in an idle state.
  • the STA may perform preamble puncturing on some bands of the PPDU.
  • Information on preamble puncturing is a signal field (for example, HE-SIG-A, U-SIG, EHT-SIG) of the PPDU. ) Can be included.
  • the STA (AP and/or non-AP STA) of the present specification may support multilink (ML) communication.
  • ML communication may mean communication supporting a plurality of links.
  • Links related to ML communication include channels of the 2.4 GHz band disclosed in FIG. 15, the 5 GHz band disclosed in FIG. 16, and the 6 GHz band disclosed in FIG. 17 (eg, 20/40/80/160/240/320 MHz channels). It may include.
  • a plurality of links used for ML communication may be variously configured.
  • a plurality of links supported by one STA for ML communication may be a plurality of channels in a 2.4 GHz band, a plurality of channels in a 5 GHz band, and a plurality of channels in a 6 GHz band.
  • a plurality of links supported by one STA for ML communication is at least one channel in the 2.4 GHz band (or 5 GHz/6 GHz band) and at least in the 5 GHz band (or 2.4 GHz/6 GHz band). It may be a combination of one channel.
  • at least one of a plurality of links supported by one STA for ML communication may be a channel to which preamble puncturing is applied.
  • the STA may perform ML setup to perform ML communication.
  • ML setup may be performed based on a management frame or control frame such as Beacon, Probe Request/Response, Association Request/Response, and the like.
  • information on ML configuration may be included in an element field included in Beacon, Probe Request/Response, and Association Request/Response.
  • an enabled link for ML communication may be determined.
  • the STA may perform frame exchange through at least one of a plurality of links determined as an enabled link.
  • the enabled link may be used for at least one of a management frame, a control frame, and a data frame.
  • a transmission/reception device supporting each link may operate like one logical STA.
  • one STA supporting two links may be expressed as one ML device (Multi Link Device; MLD) including a first STA for a first link and a second STA for a second link.
  • MLD Multi Link Device
  • one AP supporting two links may be expressed as one AP MLD including a first AP for a first link and a second AP for a second link.
  • one non-AP supporting two links may be expressed as one non-AP MLD including a first STA for a first link and a second STA for a second link.
  • the MLD may transmit information on a link that the MLD can support through ML setup.
  • Information about the link can be configured in various ways. For example, information about the link is 1) information on whether the MLD (or STA) supports simultaneous RX/TX operation, and 2) the number/upper limit of uplink/downlink links supported by the MLD (or STA).
  • TID traffic identifier
  • TIDs may be mapped for uplink/downlink links.
  • all TIDs are used for ML communication
  • mapping between uplink/downlink links and TIDs is negotiated through additional ML setup
  • the negotiated TID is used for ML communication. Can be used for
  • a plurality of links that can be used by a transmitting MLD and a receiving MLD related to ML communication may be set, and this may be referred to as an “enabled link”.
  • "enabled link” may be called differently by various expressions. For example, it may be referred to as various expressions such as a first link, a second link, a transmission link, and a reception link.
  • the MLD may update the ML setup. For example, the MLD may transmit information about a new link when it is necessary to update information about a link. Information on the new link may be transmitted based on at least one of a management frame, a control frame, and a data frame.
  • a procedure for identifying/specifying/determining a link used for multilink is related to an aggregation (or channel aggregation) procedure.
  • the STA may aggregate a plurality of links to perform multilink communication. That is, the STA may perform 1) a first procedure for identifying/specifying/determining a link aggregated for multilink and 2) a second procedure for performing multilink communication through the identified/specific/determined link.
  • the STA may perform the first and second procedures as separate procedures, or may simultaneously perform the first and second procedures through one procedure.
  • the STA may transmit/receive information on a plurality of links constituting a multilink.
  • the AP is a Beacon, Probe Response, Association Response, identification information on a band that supports multilink capability through other control frames and/or a channel on which the capability of multilink is supported.
  • identification information on a channel that can be aggregated may be delivered to the user STA.
  • the User STA also identifies information on a band that supports multilink capability through Probe Request, Association Response, and other control frames and/or identifies channels that support multilink capability. You can send information. For example, when the user STA can perform communication by aggregating some channels in the 5 GHz band and some channels in the 6 GHz band, identification information on the aggregated channels may be transmitted to the AP.
  • Any one of a plurality of links constituting a multilink may operate as a primary link.
  • Primary Link can perform various functions. For example, when the backoff-value of the primary link is 0 (and/or the primary link is in the idle state during PIFS), the STA may perform aggregation on another link. Information on this primary link may also be included in Beacon, Probe Request/Response, and Association Request/Response.
  • User-STA/AP can specify/determine/acquire a band and/or channel on which multilink is performed through a negotiation procedure that exchanges information on each capability.
  • the STA may be used for a first candidate band/channel that may be used for the first link through a negotiation procedure, a second candidate band/channel that may be used for the second link, and the third link.
  • a third candidate band/channel can be specified/determined/acquired.
  • the STA may perform a procedure of identifying/specifying/determining a link aggregated for multilink. For example, the STA is based on a first candidate band/channel, a second candidate band/channel, a backoff-count of a third candidate band/channel, and/or a clear channel assessment (CCA) sensing result (Busy/Idle)
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • the STA may aggregate the second candidate band/channel that has maintained the idle state for a specific period (during PIFS).
  • the STA determines/specifies a first candidate band/channel as a first link for multilink, and determines/specifies a second candidate band/channel as a second link for multilink, and the first and second Multilink communication can be performed through a link.
  • the STA may perform multilink communication through the first and second links. For example, the STA may transmit PPDUs of the same length through both the first and second links. Alternatively, the STA may receive the transmission PPDU through the first link and receive the reception PPDU through the second link during the overlapping time period. The STA performs communication through all the aggregated links in a specific time period, and may use only one link in another time period.
  • the multi-link technology may be a technology in which an STA including two or more radio frequency (RF) circuits (or RF units) can independently transmit/receive in each RF circuit.
  • RF radio frequency
  • Each RF circuit may perform transmission on the basis of contention or resource allocation by trigger frames in each predetermined channel.
  • data transmitted by each RF circuit may not affect other RFs.
  • a multi-link when a multi-link is used/applied, there is an effect of efficiently using a channel.
  • the RF circuit since the RF circuit performs channel contention in each channel, it is only possible to determine whether the channel in which the RF circuit operates is in a busy/idle state. Thereafter, when the channel on which the RF circuit operates is in the idle state, data can be transmitted.
  • each RF circuit can transmit/receive data, a function of managing it on the MAC layer may be additionally required.
  • 21 shows an example of a multi-link operation.
  • the STA may include two RF circuits.
  • the two RF circuits can operate in Link 1 and Link 2, respectively.
  • the first RF circuit may operate in Link 1.
  • the second RF circuit can operate in Link 2.
  • the STA may receive DL data in Link 1 and transmit an ACK. At the same time, the STA may transmit UL data in Link 2 and receive an ACK. That is, uplink frame transmission and downlink frame transmission in Link 1 and Link 2 may be performed, respectively. In other words, signal transmission and reception in Link 1 and Link 2 may be independently performed.
  • EDCA may be prohibited in Link 2. Accordingly, in order to transmit the uplink frame, the STA may need to be allocated resources based on the trigger frame. Accordingly, the STA may transmit UL data without a trigger frame in Link 1. For example, in Link 1, the STA may transmit UL data through channel contention. In addition, the STA may transmit and receive UL data based on the trigger frame in Link 2.
  • Low latency communication may refer to a technology for supporting time-delay-sensitive traffic (ie, low-latency traffic).
  • the time delay may mean latency defined in the IEEE 802.11ax standard.
  • the time delay may mean a time from when a frame enters the queue of the MAC layer until the frame is deleted from the queue of the MAC layer.
  • a frame may enter a queue of a MAC layer of a transmitting STA (eg, an AP). Thereafter, the frame may be transmitted through the PHY layer of the transmitting STA. The frame may be successfully received from the receiving STA.
  • the transmitting STA may receive an ACK/Block ACK frame or the like from the receiving STA.
  • the transmitting STA may delete the frame from the queue of the MAC layer.
  • the time delay may mean a time from when a frame is entered into the queue of the MAC layer until the frame is deleted from the queue of the MAC layer.
  • the transmitting STA may be referred to as an AP (Access Point).
  • the receiving STA may be referred to as an STA.
  • the present specification may propose various techniques for supporting traffic sensitive to the time delay described above.
  • the traffic may include various types of traffic.
  • traffic can be divided into at least two types of traffic.
  • the first traffic may be traffic sensitive to time delay.
  • the second traffic may be traffic that is not sensitive to time delay.
  • Classification of traffic according to time delay is only an example, and classification criteria may be set in various ways.
  • the classification criterion may include at least one of a time delay, machine type communication, or importance.
  • traffic described herein may mean a type of traffic that is distinct from conventional traffic.
  • traffic described in the present specification below may mean traffic having a new access category (AC) different from the conventional one.
  • AC new access category
  • latency traffic may mean traffic having a quality of service (QoS) and/or a traffic identifier (TID) different from the conventional one.
  • QoS quality of service
  • TID traffic identifier
  • conventional traffic related to a specific AC may be defined as latency traffic.
  • the remaining AC may be defined as normal traffic, not latency traffic.
  • latency traffic and normal traffic may have the same AC (or QoS/TID).
  • latency traffic and normal traffic may be distinguished from each other based on various identification fields (eg, bits of a Phy preamble and/or bits of a MAC header).
  • a buffer status report (BSR) Control subfield is defined as one of the variants of the Queue Size subfield included in the QoS Control field and the A-Control subfield included in the HT Control field.
  • An AP that has received at least some of the fields informing the STA's buffer state described above may more efficiently allocate UL resources for uplink transmission of the STA.
  • the AP may receive information on the buffer status of the User-STA (or the STA connected to the AP).
  • the AP may configure a trigger frame for the User-STA based on the information on the buffer state of the User-STA. That is, in the following example, the UL resource for uplink transmission may include a UL resource used for UL MU communication.
  • User-STA may perform UL-MU communication through UL resources allocated by the AP.
  • the STA may transmit on the uplink in the first link and the second link, respectively.
  • the second link may transmit latency traffic and the first link may transmit non-latency traffic.
  • the first link may be easier/smooth to transmit according to each link situation.
  • transmission on the second link may be easier/smooth.
  • the latency of the latency traffic being transmitted increases, and the user may feel inconvenient.
  • the latency is greater than the maximum allowable value, it is deleted from the buffer of the AP (or the transmitting STA), so that a drop may occur. Therefore, various methods may be required to guarantee the performance of the current traffic. For example, a method of allocating additional UL resources to the STA may be required. For another example, a transmission method with priority may be required.
  • the STA Since the STA does not perform uplink transmission on the second link smoothly, it may be difficult for the STA to transmit information on the current situation to the AP. On the other hand, since transmission is smooth in the first link, the STA may transmit information on the condition of the second link through the first link.
  • the STA and/or the AP supporting multi-link may transmit information on traffic being transmitted in the second link other than the first link together.
  • a frame transmitted through the first link may include information on traffic being transmitted through the second link.
  • the AP can identify the time the packet entered the buffer. Accordingly, the AP can calculate the remaining time in the future of the packet. For example, the AP may calculate an expected time at which a packet related to the traffic is transmitted.
  • Time remaining until the delay bound of the packet to be transmitted Similar to the information on the time when the packet to be transmitted enters the MAC queue (Buffer), the STA may transmit information on the remaining time before the packet is dropped to the AP. . The AP may allocate UL Resources based on information on the remaining time before the packet is dropped.
  • the STA may transmit information on the number of packets stored in the buffer to the AP.
  • the STA may transmit information on the size of each packet stored in the buffer to the AP.
  • the AP may determine the size of a resource to be allocated to the STA based on information about the size of each packet stored in the buffer of the STA.
  • the length of UL TB PPDU may affect latency performance. . For example, if the length of the UL TB PPDU is too short, it may be insufficient to sufficiently transmit latency traffic. For another example, when the length of the UL TB PPDU is too long, the transmission time may increase due to unnecessary padding, thereby increasing the latency. Accordingly, the STA may transmit information on the length of an appropriate TB PPDU to the AP. Thereafter, the AP may determine the length of the TB PPDU based on the information on the length of the appropriate TB PPDU.
  • the STA (receiving STA) that receives the data determines whether the frame has been dropped from the queue from the STA (transmitting STA) that transmits the data. It can be identified indirectly through the frame sequence. However, the receiving STA cannot know for what reason the frame has been dropped.
  • the STA may transmit information about the frame drop to the AP to the AP.
  • the AP may allocate UL resources based on the information on the frame drop.
  • the STA since the frame drop greatly affects the latency performance, it may be advantageous for the STA to immediately transmit information on the frame drop to the AP.
  • the AP immediately allocates an additional UL resource to the STA, and frame drop may no longer occur.
  • the STA transmits information on the band and channel location of the link in order to distinguish which link information is the above-described information (eg, time information, size information, or other information). I can. Alternatively, the STA may use a pre-designated link indicator, if present.
  • the above-described information may be included in the MAC Header.
  • the above-described information may be configured as one Management frame and included in the A-MPDU.
  • the AP may allocate additional UL resources to the link in which the traffic transmission problem occurs.
  • the AP may coordinate the transmission of the trigger frame.
  • the AP may additionally transmit a trigger frame at an appropriate time point.
  • the AP may allocate additional UL resources to the STA by adjusting the transmission period of the existing trigger frame.
  • the AP may adjust the size of the UL resource allocation. For example, the AP may increase the transmission opportunity of the STA by adjusting the RU size allocated to the STA.
  • the AP may adjust an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter.
  • EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
  • the AP may adjust the (MU) EDCA parameter used by the STA so that the STA can secure more TXOP than before.
  • the AP can move STAs operating in a specific link.
  • the AP may move other STAs operating in a specific link to another link through a Channel Switch Announcement frame or the like. Accordingly, the AP can reduce the congestion level of a specific link. In other words, the AP may confirm that the second link has a high degree of congestion. Accordingly, the AP may cause STAs operating on the second link to operate on the first link. The AP may change STAs operating in the second link to operate in the first link based on the Channel Switch Announcement frame or the like.
  • the AP may move an STA having a problem in transmitting UL latency traffic to a link with low congestion.
  • first link may be described as Link 1, which is an example of the first link.
  • second link may be described as Link 2, which is an example of the second link.
  • 23 is a diagram for describing an example of an operation of an AP and an STA.
  • the STA may transmit UL Data 1 2311 in Link 1 2310, including traffic information of Link 2 2320.
  • Link 2 2320 may be in a situation where it is difficult for an STA to transmit uplink data due to DL transmission. Accordingly, the AP receiving the traffic information of Link 2 (2320) may transmit the trigger frame 2322 to the STA in Link 2 (2320) based on the traffic information of Link 2 (2320). In addition, the AP may immediately allocate UL Resource to the STA based on the trigger frame 2322. Accordingly, the STA may transmit Uplink Data 2 (2323).
  • the STA and AP may perform communication through a multi-link.
  • the STA and the AP may perform communication through Link 1 (2310) and Link 2 (2320).
  • the STA may transmit UL data 1 (2310) through Link 1 (2310). While UL data 1 (2311) is being transmitted, the AP may transmit DL data 1 (2321) to the STA through Link 2 (2320).
  • the STA may identify traffic (or data) to be transmitted to the AP. Since DL data 1 (2321) is being transmitted in Link 2 (2320), the STA may not be able to transmit traffic to be transmitted through Link 2 (2320). Accordingly, the STA may transmit traffic information of Link 2 2320 to the AP through UL Data 1 2311. In other words, UL data 1 2311 may include traffic information of Link 2 2320.
  • the traffic information may include at least one of the above-described time information, size information, other information, or a link indicator.
  • the traffic information may include information on the number of packets stored in the buffer of the STA and/or information on the length of the buffered packets.
  • the AP may transmit a trigger frame 2322 to the STA so that the STA may transmit traffic based on the traffic information.
  • the STA may transmit UL data 2 2323 based on the trigger frame 2322.
  • the STA may transmit uplink data through Link 1 (2310) and Link 2 (2320). For example, the STA may transmit UL data 3 2313 to the AP through Link 1 2310. For another example, the STA may transmit UL data 4 2325 to the AP through Link 2 2320 based on the trigger frame 2324. For another example, the STA may transmit UL data 3 2313 through Link 1 2310 and transmit UL data 4 2325 to the AP based on the trigger frame 2324.
  • the latency performance can be improved.
  • the STA can quickly inform the AP of a situation in which data transmission is difficult over a congested link.
  • the AP may additionally allocate a resource or adjust a link to ensure the STA's latency performance above a certain level.
  • the AP may quickly know information on a congested link. Accordingly, the AP takes appropriate measures to alleviate congestion, and thereby, the overall performance of the BSS may be improved.
  • information indicating that link 2 is congested is transmitted together when a frame of link 1 is transmitted, thereby reducing overhead.
  • 24 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an STA according to various embodiments.
  • the STA may establish a connection with the AP.
  • the STA may establish a connection with the AP based on steps S310 to S340 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the STA and AP may support multilink.
  • the STA and the AP may transmit and receive data through Link 1 and Link 2.
  • Link 1 and Link 2 can operate independently of each other.
  • the STA may transmit low latency traffic to the AP.
  • the STA may transmit low-latency traffic to the AP through EDCA access.
  • the STA may determine whether the radio channel maintains the idle state during AIFS configured for low-delay traffic.
  • the STA may perform a back-off (BO) operation based on a contention window (CW) configured for low-delay traffic.
  • BO back-off
  • CW contention window
  • the STA may transmit traffic information of Link 2 through Link 1.
  • the STA may be scheduled to transmit the buffered traffic through Link 2.
  • the STA may check that Link 2 is congested (or busy). Therefore, the STA may not be able to transmit the buffered traffic in Link 2.
  • the STA may transmit traffic information of Link 2 through Link 1.
  • the buffered traffic may include time-delay-sensitive traffic (ie, low-latency traffic).
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may include a variety of information.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 includes information on the time when the packet to be transmitted enters the MAC queue, the remaining time until the delay bound of the packet to be transmitted, information on the recommended period of TB PPDU, and information on the number of buffered packets. , Information on the length of the buffered packet, information on the recommended length of the TB PPDU, information on whether to drop a frame, or information on the Link 2 indicator.
  • the STA may inform the AP that there is traffic buffered in Link 2 by transmitting the traffic information of Link 2 to the AP.
  • Link 2 traffic information may be included in various frames.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may be included in a data frame transmitted in Link 1.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may be included in the MAC Payload of a frame transmitted in Link 1.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may be included in a Management frame transmitted in Link 1.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may be included in the MAC header.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may be configured as a separate Management frame and included in the A-MPDU.
  • the STA in order to transmit a frame (or PPDU) including traffic information of Link 2 in Link 1 to an AP, the STA may perform channel access.
  • the STA may be assigned a UL resource in Link 2.
  • the STA may receive a trigger frame from the AP through Link 2.
  • the STA may receive UL resource allocation through the trigger frame.
  • the trigger frame may be related to the trigger frame shown in FIG. 11.
  • the STA may be allocated UL resources based on the UORA technique shown in FIG. 14.
  • the STA when transmitting low-delay traffic through UL-MU access, may be allocated time/frequency/space resources for UL-MU communication from the AP.
  • the STA may be allocated time/frequency/spatial resources suitable for low-delay traffic based on the trigger frame.
  • the STA may transmit UL data through Link 2.
  • the STA may transmit UL data to the AP through Link 2 based on the allocated UL resource.
  • some of the steps S2410 to S2440 shown in FIG. 24 may be omitted or modified.
  • an example in which some of the steps S2410 to S2440 are omitted may be described with reference to FIG. 25.
  • 25 is a flowchart illustrating another operation of an STA according to various embodiments.
  • Step S2510 may be related to step S2410.
  • Step S2520 may be related to step S2420.
  • the STA may transmit capability information on whether to support low-delay traffic to the AP. That is, the STA may transmit information on whether low-delay traffic is supported through a beacon, probe request frame, probe response frame, association request frame, association response frame, other management frame, or other control frame.
  • 26 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an AP according to various embodiments.
  • the AP may establish a connection with the STA.
  • the AP may establish a connection with the STA based on steps S310 to S340 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the STA and AP may support multilink.
  • the STA and AP may transmit and receive data through Link 1 and Link 2.
  • Link 1 and Link 2 can operate independently of each other.
  • the AP may receive low latency traffic (or latency traffic) from the STA.
  • the STA may transmit low-latency traffic to the AP through EDCA access. That is, the AP may receive low-delay traffic transmitted from the STA through the EDCA access.
  • the STA may determine whether the radio channel maintains the idle state during AIFS configured for low-delay traffic.
  • the STA may perform a back-off (BO) operation based on a contention window (CW) configured for low-delay traffic. That is, the AP may receive low-delay traffic transmitted through the BO operation from the STA.
  • BO back-off
  • CW contention window
  • step S2620 the AP may receive traffic information of Link 2 through Link 1.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may include a variety of information.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 includes information on the time when the packet to be transmitted enters the MAC queue, the remaining time until the delay bound of the packet to be transmitted, information on the recommended period of TB PPDU, and information on the number of buffered packets. , Information on the length of the buffered packet, information on the recommended length of the TB PPDU, information on whether to drop a frame, or information on the Link 2 indicator.
  • the AP may know that there is buffered traffic of the STA in Link 2 by receiving the traffic information of Link 2 from the STA.
  • Link 2 traffic information may be included in various frames.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may be included in a data frame received from Link 1.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may be included in the MAC Payload of a frame received in Link 1.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may be included in a Management frame received from Link 1.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may be included in the MAC header.
  • the traffic information of Link 2 may be configured as a separate Management frame and included in the A-MPDU.
  • the STA in order to transmit a frame (or PPDU) including traffic information of Link 2 in Link 1 to an AP, the STA may perform channel access. That is, the AP may receive a frame (or PPDU) including traffic information of Link 2 in Link 1 based on the STA's channel access.
  • the AP may adjust / change the UL resource allocation of Link 2.
  • the AP may adjust/change UL resource allocation based on the traffic information of Link 2 received from the STA. For example, the AP may increase the traffic transmission opportunity in Link 2 of the STA by adjusting the size of the RU allocated to the STA.
  • the AP may transmit a trigger frame through Link 2.
  • the AP may adjust/change the UL resource allocation of Link 2 based on the trigger frame.
  • the trigger frame may be related to the trigger frame shown in FIG. 11.
  • the AP may allocate UL resources based on the UORA technique shown in FIG. 14.
  • the AP when receiving low-delay traffic through UL-MU access, may allocate time/frequency/space resources for UL-MU communication to the STA. For example, the AP may allocate time/frequency/spatial resources suitable for low-delay traffic based on the trigger frame.
  • the AP may receive low-delay traffic (or low-delay data) through Link 2.
  • the AP may receive UL data including low-delay traffic from the STA through Link 2 based on the allocated UL resource.
  • step S2650 the AP may complete reception of low-delay traffic.
  • the AP may complete reception of the low-delay traffic buffered in the STA through Link 2.
  • some of the steps S2610 to S2650 shown in FIG. 26 may be omitted or modified.
  • an example in which some of the steps S2610 to S2650 are omitted may be described with reference to FIG. 27.
  • FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating another operation of an AP according to various embodiments.
  • Step S2710 may be related to step S2610.
  • Step S2720 may be related to step S2620.
  • the AP may transmit capability information on whether to support low-delay traffic to the STA. That is, the AP may transmit information on whether low-latency traffic is supported through a beacon, probe request frame, probe response frame, association request frame, association response frame, other management frame, or other control frame.
  • the AP may transmit capability information on whether to support “traffic related information on another link” to the STA.
  • the traffic related information on the other link may mean an operation of reporting "traffic related information on the other link" to the AP according to the above-described example.
  • the AP may transmit information on whether it supports traffic-related information on another link through a beacon, probe request, probe response, association request, association response, other management frame, or other control frame.
  • FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a receiving STA according to various embodiments.
  • the receiving STA may determine a busy state of the second link.
  • the receiving STA may check traffic related to the second link.
  • the traffic may include traffic to be transmitted to the transmitting STA through the second link.
  • the traffic may include traffic scheduled to be transmitted to the transmitting STA through the second link.
  • the receiving STA may determine the channel state of the second link. For example, the receiving STA may determine the channel state of the second link as either an idle state or a busy state. For example, when the channel state of the second rank is the idle state, the receiving STA may transmit traffic related to the second link.
  • the receiving STA may identify/determine that the channel state of the second link is a busy state. Accordingly, the receiving STA may not be able to transmit traffic related to the second link through the second link.
  • traffic related to the second link may include low-latency traffic.
  • the low-delay traffic may include traffic requiring a time delay value less than or equal to a threshold value.
  • the receiving STA may transmit capability information regarding whether low-delay traffic is supported to the transmitting STA. Capability information on whether to support low-delay traffic may be transmitted through a beacon, probe request, probe response, association request, association response, other management frame, or other control frame.
  • the receiving STA may transmit capability information regarding whether or not traffic related information on another link can be transmitted to the transmitting STA. Capability information on whether or not traffic-related information in another link can be transmitted may be transmitted through a beacon, probe request, probe response, association request, association response, other management frame, or other control frame.
  • the receiving STA may transmit information on traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through the first link.
  • information on traffic related to the second link may be included in the MAC header of a frame transmitted through the first link. That is, the receiving STA may transmit information on traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through the MAC header of a frame transmitted through the first link.
  • information on traffic related to the second link may be included in the MAC payload of a frame transmitted through the first link. That is, the receiving STA may transmit information on the traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through the MAC payload of a frame transmitted through the first link.
  • information on traffic related to the second link may be transmitted to the transmitting STA through a Management frame transmitted through the first link. That is, the receiving STA may transmit information on traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through a Management frame transmitted through the first link.
  • the information on the traffic related to the second link may include time information, size information, and other information about the traffic related to the second link.
  • the information on the traffic related to the second link is information about the number of traffic buffered in the second link, information about the length of the traffic buffered in the second link, or a frame drop in the second link. It may include information on whether to drop).
  • the receiving STA may receive a trigger frame from the transmitting STA through the second link.
  • the receiving STA may be allocated resources for transmitting traffic related to the second link based on the trigger frame.
  • the trigger frame may include information for changing the size of a resource allocated to the second link of the receiving STA.
  • the receiving STA may identify that the size of the resource allocated to the second link has increased based on the trigger frame.
  • the trigger frame may include information on the EDCA parameter.
  • the receiving STA may not be able to transmit traffic related to the second link based on the trigger frame. Thereafter, the receiving STA may perform channel access based on information on the EDCA parameter included in the trigger frame.
  • the receiving STA may transmit traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through the second link based on the trigger frame.
  • the receiving STA may transmit traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through the second link, based on resources allocated through the trigger frame.
  • the receiving STA may perform channel access based on the EDCA parameter acquired through the trigger frame.
  • the receiving STA may transmit traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through the second link based on the channel access.
  • the receiving STA may receive a link change frame from the transmitting STA.
  • the link change frame may include a Channel Switch Announcement frame.
  • the receiving STA may transmit traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through the first link based on the link change frame.
  • 29 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a transmitting STA according to various embodiments.
  • the transmitting STA may receive information on traffic related to the second link from the receiving STA through the first link.
  • information on traffic related to the second link may be included in the MAC header of a frame transmitted through the first link. That is, the transmitting STA may receive information on traffic related to the second link from the receiving STA through the MAC header of a frame transmitted through the first link.
  • information on traffic related to the second link may be included in the MAC payload of a frame transmitted through the first link. That is, the transmitting STA may receive information on traffic related to the second link from the receiving STA through the MAC payload of a frame transmitted through the first link.
  • information on traffic related to the second link may be transmitted through a Management frame transmitted through the first link. That is, the transmitting STA may receive information on traffic related to the second link from the receiving STA through the Management frame transmitted through the first link.
  • the information on the traffic related to the second link may include time information, size information, and other information about the traffic related to the second link.
  • the information on the traffic related to the second link is information about the number of traffic buffered in the second link, information about the length of the traffic buffered in the second link, or a frame drop in the second link. It may include information on whether to drop).
  • traffic related to the second link may include low-latency traffic.
  • the low-delay traffic may include traffic requiring a time delay value less than or equal to a threshold value.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit capability information regarding whether low-delay traffic is supported to the receiving STA. Capability information on whether to support low-delay traffic may be transmitted through a beacon, probe request, probe response, association request, association response, other management frame, or other control frame.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit capability information on whether to transmit traffic related information on another link to the receiving STA. Capability information on whether or not traffic-related information in another link can be transmitted may be transmitted through a beacon, probe request, probe response, association request, association response, other management frame, or other control frame.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit a trigger frame to the receiving STA through the second link based on information on traffic related to the second link.
  • the transmitting STA may allocate resources for transmitting traffic related to the second link based on the trigger frame.
  • the trigger frame may include information for changing the size of a resource allocated to the second link of the receiving STA.
  • the transmitting STA may increase the size of a resource allocated to the second link of the receiving STA based on the trigger frame.
  • the trigger frame may include information on the EDCA parameter.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit information on the EDCA parameter used when the receiving STA performs channel access. Thereafter, the receiving STA may perform channel access based on the EDCA parameter included in the trigger frame.
  • the transmitting STA may receive traffic related to the second link from the receiving STA through the second link.
  • the transmitting STA may receive traffic related to the second link from the receiving STA through the second link, based on resources allocated to the receiving STA through a trigger frame.
  • the transmitting STA may receive traffic related to the second link from the receiving STA through the second link based on the channel access of the receiving STA.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit a link change frame to the receiving STA.
  • the link change frame may include a Channel Switch Announcement frame.
  • the transmitting STA may change to receive traffic related to the second link through the first link based on the link change frame. Accordingly, the transmitting STA may receive traffic related to the second link from the receiving STA through the first link based on the link change frame.
  • Some of the above-described steps may not be essential steps. Accordingly, some steps may be omitted.
  • the order of the above-described steps is exemplary, the order of performing each step may be different.
  • only one of the above-described steps may have its own technical meaning.
  • the technical features of the present specification described above can be applied to various devices and methods.
  • the technical features of the present specification described above may be performed/supported through the device of FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 19.
  • the technical features of the present specification described above may be applied only to a part of FIGS. 1 and/or 19.
  • the technical features of the present specification described above are implemented based on the processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. 1, or implemented based on the processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1, , It may be implemented based on the processor 610 and the memory 620 of FIG. 19.
  • the apparatus of the present specification includes a processor and a memory connected to the processor, and the processor determines a busy state of the second link, and transmits information on traffic related to the second link to the first link. Transmits to the transmitting STA through the second link, receives a trigger frame from the transmitting STA through the second link, and transmits traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through the second link based on the trigger frame Can be set to
  • the CRM proposed by the present specification may include determining, in a receiving STA supporting a first link and a second link, a busy state of the second link; Transmitting, at the receiving STA, information on traffic related to the second link to a transmitting STA through the first link; At the receiving STA, receiving a trigger frame from the transmitting STA through the second link; And, at the receiving STA, transmitting the traffic related to the second link to the transmitting STA through the second link, based on the trigger frame, to store instructions for performing operations.
  • Instructions stored in the CRM of the present specification may be executed by at least one processor.
  • At least one processor related to the CRM of the present specification may be the processors 111 and 121 of FIG. 1 or the processing chips 114 and 124 of FIG. 1, or the processor 610 of FIG. 19. Meanwhile, the CRM of the present specification may be the memories 112 and 122 of FIG. 1, the memory 620 of FIG. 19, or a separate external memory/storage medium/disk.
  • Machine learning refers to the field of studying methodologies to define and solve various problems dealt with in the field of artificial intelligence. do.
  • Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a task through continuous experience.
  • An artificial neural network is a model used in machine learning, and may refer to an overall model with problem-solving capabilities, which is composed of artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network by combining synapses.
  • the artificial neural network may be defined by a connection pattern between neurons of different layers, a learning process for updating model parameters, and an activation function for generating an output value.
  • the artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include neurons and synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output a function of an activation function for input signals, weights, and biases input through synapses.
  • Model parameters refer to parameters determined through learning, and include weights of synaptic connections and biases of neurons.
  • the hyperparameter refers to a parameter that must be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and includes a learning rate, number of iterations, mini-batch size, and initialization function.
  • the purpose of learning the artificial neural network can be seen as determining the model parameters that minimize the loss function.
  • the loss function can be used as an index to determine an optimal model parameter in the learning process of the artificial neural network.
  • Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning according to the learning method.
  • Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network when a label for training data is given, and a label indicates the correct answer (or result value) that the artificial neural network must infer when training data is input to the artificial neural network. It can mean.
  • Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training an artificial neural network in a state in which a label for training data is not given.
  • Reinforcement learning may mean a learning method in which an agent defined in a certain environment learns to select an action or sequence of actions that maximizes the cumulative reward in each state.
  • machine learning implemented as a deep neural network (DNN) including a plurality of hidden layers is sometimes referred to as deep learning (deep learning), and deep learning is a part of machine learning.
  • DNN deep neural network
  • machine learning is used in the sense of including deep learning.
  • a robot may refer to a machine that automatically processes or operates a task given by its own capabilities.
  • a robot having a function of recognizing the environment and performing an operation by self-determining may be referred to as an intelligent robot.
  • Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. depending on the purpose or field of use.
  • the robot may be provided with a driving unit including an actuator or a motor to perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint.
  • the movable robot includes a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like in a driving unit, and can travel on the ground or fly in the air through the driving unit.
  • the extended reality collectively refers to virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR).
  • VR technology provides only CG images of real-world objects or backgrounds
  • AR technology provides virtually created CG images on top of real-world objects
  • MR technology is a computer that mixes and combines virtual objects in the real world. It's a graphic technology.
  • MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it shows real and virtual objects together.
  • a virtual object is used in a form that complements a real object, whereas in MR technology, a virtual object and a real object are used with equal characteristics.
  • HMD Head-Mount Display
  • HUD Head-Up Display
  • mobile phones tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, etc. It can be called as.
  • the claims set forth herein may be combined in a variety of ways.
  • the technical features of the method claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented by a method.
  • the technical characteristics of the method claim of the present specification and the technical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical characteristics of the method claim of the present specification and the technical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to be implemented by a method.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Selon divers modes de réalisation, une station de réception (STA) dans un système de réseau local sans fil (WLAN) peut prendre en charge une première liaison et une seconde liaison. La STA de réception peut déterminer si la seconde liaison est dans un état occupé et transmettre des informations sur le trafic associé à la seconde liaison à une STA de transmission au moyen de la première liaison. D'après une trame de déclenchement reçue de la STA de transmission, la STA de réception peut transmettre le trafic associé à la seconde liaison à la STA de transmission au moyen de la seconde liaison.
PCT/KR2020/014223 2019-10-23 2020-10-19 Procédé pour effectuer une communication au moyen de multiples liaisons dans un système de réseau local sans fil WO2021080264A1 (fr)

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WO2022238155A1 (fr) * 2021-05-10 2022-11-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Procédés de communication et appareil multi-liaisons
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EP4175401A1 (fr) * 2021-11-01 2023-05-03 INTEL Corporation Trames d'association/reassociation transmises sur toute liaison
TWI815606B (zh) * 2021-08-13 2023-09-11 聯發科技股份有限公司 無線通信系統中執行業務流管理的方法和設備
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2606593A (en) * 2021-05-10 2022-11-16 Canon Kk Communication methods and multilink apparatus
WO2022238155A1 (fr) * 2021-05-10 2022-11-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Procédés de communication et appareil multi-liaisons
WO2022260486A1 (fr) * 2021-06-10 2022-12-15 주식회사 윌러스표준기술연구소 Procédé de communication sans fil utilisant de multiples liaisons, et terminal de communication sans fil utilisant ledit procédé
WO2023283802A1 (fr) * 2021-07-13 2023-01-19 北京小米移动软件有限公司 Procédé de communication et appareil de communication
TWI815606B (zh) * 2021-08-13 2023-09-11 聯發科技股份有限公司 無線通信系統中執行業務流管理的方法和設備
TWI826054B (zh) * 2021-10-21 2023-12-11 大陸商華為技術有限公司 業務優先級確定方法以及相關裝置
EP4175401A1 (fr) * 2021-11-01 2023-05-03 INTEL Corporation Trames d'association/reassociation transmises sur toute liaison

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