WO2021079175A1 - Machine électrique - Google Patents

Machine électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021079175A1
WO2021079175A1 PCT/IB2019/059095 IB2019059095W WO2021079175A1 WO 2021079175 A1 WO2021079175 A1 WO 2021079175A1 IB 2019059095 W IB2019059095 W IB 2019059095W WO 2021079175 A1 WO2021079175 A1 WO 2021079175A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
rotor
cores
axial
machine according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2019/059095
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Рафаэль ВИРАБЯН
Сергей ДАШКЕВИЧ
Александр КОТОВИЧ
Original Assignee
Общество С Ограниченной Ответсвенностью"Хевн Сторм"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Общество С Ограниченной Ответсвенностью"Хевн Сторм" filed Critical Общество С Ограниченной Ответсвенностью"Хевн Сторм"
Priority to PCT/IB2019/059095 priority Critical patent/WO2021079175A1/fr
Publication of WO2021079175A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021079175A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H02K9/197—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil in which the rotor or stator space is fluid-tight, e.g. to provide for different cooling media for rotor and stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine that comprises a stator with pole-piece cores and a permanent magnet rotor rotatable in a stator.
  • the stator is equipped with coils wound on cores that interact with the rotor magnets through an air gap between the rotor and stator.
  • the machine can be either a motor or a generator and in many variants can be realized as an axial flux machine.
  • the present invention relates to an electric machine without a yoke and with a segmented armature, hereinafter referred to as "H-machine".
  • Known H-machine [1] which contains, successive coils wound around rods installed around the circumference of the stator located parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor.
  • the rotor has two sections containing permanent magnet disks that face both ends of each stator coil.
  • the lines of magnetic induction in any working section pass as follows: through the first coil - into the first magnet on the first section of the rotor, then, through the rotor yoke - onto the adjacent second magnet on the first section, and then, through the second stator coil, adjacent to the first coil into the first magnet on the second section of the rotor, aligned with the second magnet on the first section, and, through the yoke of the second section, into the second magnet in the second section, aligned with the first magnet on the first section.
  • the chain ends through the first spool.
  • the topology of the "H-machine" is given, indicating its advantages due to the reduced amount of iron in the stator, which allows to improve the torque density.
  • a core with high magnetic permeability is used, around which the coils are wound.
  • a multilayer or otherwise configured core is used.
  • an electric machine [2] containing a rotor having permanent magnets, and a stator having coils wound on stator rods to interact with magnets through an air gap defined between them, and the rotor is made to rotate relative to the stator around the axis of rotation, and the rods and coils on them are covered with an annular stator housing, and the stator housing contains two mating segments that fix the stator rods and coils in the machine, each stator rod has pole pieces at each end and each segment has parts of cylindrical walls on the inner and outer radii, and a radial wall connecting the parts of the inner and outer cylindrical walls, whereby the two segments mate between the opposing ends of the said parts of the inner and outer cylindrical walls, forming the said stator body, and in which the segments define a chamber throughwhich a cooling medium circulates around the coils to cool them.
  • Each rod is formed from at least two rod parts, connected to each other by transverse splitting along the cross section of the rod, and each segment is injection molded from reinforced plastics, being molded over the tips of one part of the stator rod to be held and located in the radial wall of the rod part whereby the pole pieces form part of said radial wall.
  • the disadvantage of the known machine is the high complexity of manufacturing and the sensitivity to the beating of permanent magnet rotors, due to the inefficiency of the cooling system, which leads to increased energy losses.
  • the disadvantages of the known device are the complexity and cumbersomeness of the coil mounting system.
  • an electrical machine comprising a stator housed in a ring-shaped casing and with pole-piece cores located at intervals around the circumference between the inner and outer connecting housings, forming a hollow space around the axis of the machine for circulation of coolant, on each of which a winding is wound, and two rotors mounted on the shaft with the possibility of rotation relative to the stator around the axis of the machine, each of which contains a set of constants magnets spaced at intervals around the circumference, the first rotor is located on one side of the stator at a distance from the pole pieces of the cores, forming an axial gap between the stator and the first rotor, and the second rotor is located on the opposite side of the stator at a distance from the pole pieces of the cores, forming between the stator and the second rotor is an axial clearance, and a set of permanent magnets of each rotor is located on its side facing the stator, characterized in that
  • the connecting housings are cylindrical, hermetically fixed between the stator housings, which are installed on the mounting surface of the machine end shields; a flux-dividing ring, which ensures the redirection of the magnetic fluxes of the stator cores towards the gaps between the permanent magnets of the rotor and the stator cores, where the gap value is determined to be less than the set nominal gap value, while providing additional torque on the rotor due to small gaps (the torque is inversely proportional to the square of the gap); the flux-dividing ring by its surfaces is connected with the stator cores by the sides opposite to its pole pieces; the first contact surface of the rotor is located axially on the shaft, to determine the axial position of the first rotor, and the second contact surface of the rotor is axially separated from the first contact surface of the rotor, to determine the axial distance between the first and second rotors and to determine the axial air clearance
  • An electrical machine is a motor or generator.
  • Figure 1 shows an electric machine with permanent magnets
  • Figure 2 is a section along the axis of the engine and along the axis of the suction nozzle;
  • Figure 4 is a section along the axis of the terminal box of the axis of the fittings: pumping and suction;
  • Figure 5 is a section along the axis of the engine and the terminal box
  • Figure 6 is a diagram of the magnetic fluxes along the cores and the ring, between the windings and magnets;
  • Figure 7 is a section BB along the axis of the thicknesses of the permanent magnets
  • the electrical machine consists of assembled shields of bearing housings 1 and 2 and stator 3 and 4, while stator 3 and 4 are connected by means of hermetically sealed connections with an outer connecting casing 5 and an inner connecting casing 6, forming a sealed space for the arrangement of windings 7 and cores 8.
  • Shaft the rotor 9 is installed in the bearings 10 of the shields 1 and 2.
  • On the shaft 9 are the rotor 11 and 12, with permanent magnets 13 built into them 13.
  • the inner cylindrical surface of the ring 14 together with the outer cylindrical surface of the inner connecting body 6 forms a volume for the liquid after collecting heat 16.
  • the volume 15 is connected with the nozzle 17, and the volume 16 with the nozzle 18.
  • the liquid inlet 17 is installed on the outer connecting body 5 and connects the volume for the incoming coolant 15 with the outlet channel of the cooling unit (not shown in the figures).
  • the nozzle for pumping out the heated liquid 18 is installed on the outer connecting body 5 and through the hole in the flow distribution ring 14 is connected to the volume for the liquid 16 after collecting heat from the windings 7 and cores 8.
  • the nozzle 18 is connected to the inlet channel of the cooling unit (not shown in the figures) ...
  • Bearings 10 are installed in shields 1 and 2 and are supports for shaft 9, which carries rotors 11 and 12 with magnets 13.
  • Bearing caps 19 and shaft outlet cover 20 are mounted on shields 1 and 2, respectively.
  • the stator housings 3 and 4 of the electric machine are housings with sector recesses made along its perimeter and cores 8 fixed in the recesses with a similarly shaped working winding 7.
  • Each flat end of the core on the rotor side is equipped with a pole piece in order to increase the area for the passage of the magnetic flux from the cores 8.
  • Corresponding grooves are made in the housing, due to which the fixation of the cores 8 is provided, which makes it possible to increase the compactness of the electric machine.
  • the air gaps "S” should be as small as possible in order to reduce the reluctance in the magnetic circuit.
  • the design described allows a minimum air gap to be created with few manufacturing tolerances that can be agreed upon when assembling the engine. Since the bearings 10 represent a relatively significant source of idle movements in the axial direction, it is necessary to select the bearings 10 with small clearances or to adjust the relative position of the bearings 10 of the shields 1 and 2.
  • the flux distribution ring 14 is made of a composite, soft magnetic material (Fig. 6), the additional, shortest path of the magnetic flux is advantageous, since it reduces the requirement for limiting the magnetic flux itself and allows an alternative return path for each circuit: magnet 13 winding 7 - magnet 13.
  • the total magnetic resistance reduces the energy consumption of the winding 7, which is closed along the minimum path.
  • stator housings 3 and 4 The entire structure forming the motor, bearing shields 1 and 2, stator housings 3 and 4, connecting housings 5 and 6 are connected by pins 22.
  • a terminal box 23 is installed on the stators housings 3 and 4 to connect the windings 7 with the engine control unit.
  • the axial force applied to each rotor is significant due to the magnets, and it increases if the air gap decreases, and can be on the order of 7500N per rotor.
  • the axial support of the rotors is extremely important and thus the bearings 10 between stators 4 and 5 and rotors 11 and 12 will provide a rigid and reliable response to this force.
  • the flow distribution ring 14 and the cores 8 in the presented invention are made of a composite, soft magnetic material by powder metallurgy methods. In some versions, it is also permissible to combine and manufacture from electrical steel.
  • Soft magnetic materials are used for a variety of applications such as core materials in inductors, stators and rotors for electrical machines, drives, sensors and transformer cores.
  • soft magnetic cores such as rotors and stators in electrical machines are made from multilayer steel laminates.
  • Soft magnetic composites can be based on soft magnetic particles, usually iron based, with an electrically insulating coating on each particle. Molding takes place by compacting isolated particles together with lubricants and / or binders using a traditional powder metallurgy process. Using this technology, such components can be manufactured with a greater degree of design freedom.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a soft magnetic iron-based composite powder, the particles of which are coated with a carefully selected coating that imparts material properties suitable for the production of motor stator cores.
  • An inductor or core is a passive electrical component that can store energy in the form of a magnetic field created by an electric current passing through the component. The ability of inductors to store energy, inductance "L” is measured in Henry “H”.
  • an inductor is an insulated wire wound in a coil. The electric current flowing through the turns of the coil creates a magnetic field around the coil, the field strength being proportional to the current and the unit of turns (coil length). The alternating current will create an alternating magnetic field that will induce a voltage that opposes the change in the current that created it.
  • Ferromagnetic or iron core inductors use a magnetic core made of a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material such as iron or ferrite to increase the inductance of the coil by several thousand by increasing the magnetic field due to the higher permeability of the core material.
  • One of the important parameters for improving the characteristics of the soft magnetic component is to reduce its core loss characteristics.
  • energy losses occur due to both hysteresis losses and eddy current losses.
  • the loss of hysteresis is proportional to the frequency of alternating magnetic fields, while the loss of eddy currents is proportional to the square of the frequency.
  • the eddy current loss is of great importance, which must be taken into account in order to reduce eddy current losses and maintain a low level of hysteresis losses. This implies that it is desirable to increase the resistivity of the magnetic cores.
  • the liquid is constantly pumped by the pump of the cooling unit through the nozzles 17 and 18 through the volume for the incoming liquid 15 and the volume 16 for the liquid after collecting heat from windings and cores, where excess heat is then removed by the air flow from the fan of the cooling unit (not shown in the figures), thereby ensuring the temperature regime of the machine in the required range.
  • the currents in the windings 7, as a rule decrease and the heat fluxes from the copper resistive resistance of the windings 7 decrease, but due to an increase in the frequency of magnetic fluxes due to induction heating from the windings 7, the temperature of the cores 8 increases and rotors 11 and 12.
  • Liquid in volumes 15 and 16 provides heat transfer from induction heating of cores 8. At the same time, an increase in heat flux from induction heating of cores 8 and flow distribution ring 14, with an increase in the rotational speed of the rotors, will cause an increase in the flow of coolant from the cooling unit and will reduce the increasing heat build-up in the material of the cores 8 of the ring 14.
  • each core 8 there is a magnetic flux created by the windings 7.
  • the magnetic flux is closed through the magnets, while crossing the gaps between the cores 8 and the magnets 13, where a shear force arises in accordance with Ohm's law, which creates a torque on the rotors 11 and 12, which is transmitted to the shaft 9 and is used for the intended purpose of the machine.
  • the magnetic fluxes of the opposing cores 8 are added, crossing the flux distribution ring 14.
  • the gaps between the cores 8 and the magnets 13 within one revolution of the shaft 9 may change.
  • the size of the gap affects not only the magnitude of the resistance to magnetic flux, but also determines the amount of torque on the shaft.
  • the proposed invention due to the effective intensive cooling of areas with a high concentration of thermal energy and reduced losses of magnetic fluxes of the cores, will increase the power and torque of an electric machine for use when operating at low speeds with a long duration of starting loads.
  • the invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and concerns the execution of electrical machines filled with a coolant, mainly synchronous motors, and can be used in the electric drive of systems with a long duration of starting loads when operating at low speeds, for example, in transport equipment, generating equipment for hydro and wind installations.
  • a coolant mainly synchronous motors
  • the electric car can be used to drive all-electric and hybrid vehicles.
  • the purpose of the invention is to simplify the design and improve the quality of cooling of the windings and cores, reduce the losses of magnetic fluxes with a decrease in thermal losses of the motor as a whole.
  • the technical result is an increased specific power and specific torque of an electric machine. Ensuring its operation at the same time both at a low number of revolutions with a long duration and frequent repetition of starting loads, and at a high number of rotor revolutions by efficient cooling of actively heating elements of an electric machine in the entire range of possible rotor revolutions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine électrique qui comprend un stator avec des noyaux ayant des extrémités polaires et un rotor avec des aimants permanents capable de rotation dans le stator. Le stator comprend des bobines enroulées sur les noyaux, qui interagissent avec les aimants du rotor via un entrefer entre le rotor et le stator. Les noyaux avec les extrémités polaires sont disposés à intervalles sur la circonférence entre des corps de connexion interne et externe, formant ainsi un espace creux. Entre les anneaux du stator se trouve un anneau diviseur de flux qui divise l'espace creux du stator en un espace pour un liquide de refroidissement de l'enroulement, et un espace de collecte de liquide avec la chaleur reçue des enroulements du stator. Le résultat technique consiste en une augmentation de la puissance spécifique et du couple rotatif spécifique de la machine électrique.
PCT/IB2019/059095 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Machine électrique WO2021079175A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2019/059095 WO2021079175A1 (fr) 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Machine électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2019/059095 WO2021079175A1 (fr) 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Machine électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021079175A1 true WO2021079175A1 (fr) 2021-04-29

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ID=75619831

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2019/059095 WO2021079175A1 (fr) 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Machine électrique

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2021079175A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220200367A1 (en) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Stator for electrical machines

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020067091A1 (en) * 1999-04-06 2002-06-06 Gerald Burt Kliman Axial flux machine and method of fabrication
US20060113856A1 (en) * 2004-11-26 2006-06-01 Fujitsu General Limited Axial air-gap electronic motor
US20070262674A1 (en) * 2006-05-10 2007-11-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Electric rotary machine
RU2551844C2 (ru) * 2010-08-19 2015-05-27 Яса Моторз Лимитед Электрическая машина-конструкция с формованием поверх

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020067091A1 (en) * 1999-04-06 2002-06-06 Gerald Burt Kliman Axial flux machine and method of fabrication
US20060113856A1 (en) * 2004-11-26 2006-06-01 Fujitsu General Limited Axial air-gap electronic motor
US20070262674A1 (en) * 2006-05-10 2007-11-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Electric rotary machine
RU2551844C2 (ru) * 2010-08-19 2015-05-27 Яса Моторз Лимитед Электрическая машина-конструкция с формованием поверх

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220200367A1 (en) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Stator for electrical machines

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