WO2021078061A1 - 数据传输质量的测量方法、转发设备和可读存储介质 - Google Patents

数据传输质量的测量方法、转发设备和可读存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021078061A1
WO2021078061A1 PCT/CN2020/121215 CN2020121215W WO2021078061A1 WO 2021078061 A1 WO2021078061 A1 WO 2021078061A1 CN 2020121215 W CN2020121215 W CN 2020121215W WO 2021078061 A1 WO2021078061 A1 WO 2021078061A1
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Prior art keywords
data transmission
data
transmission quality
forwarding device
measuring
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PCT/CN2020/121215
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
敖婷
喻敬海
陈立全
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021078061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021078061A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H04L43/087—Jitter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0876—Network utilisation, e.g. volume of load or congestion level
    • H04L43/0894—Packet rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0823—Errors, e.g. transmission errors
    • H04L43/0847—Transmission error

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of network communication, and particularly relate to a method for measuring data transmission quality, a forwarding device, and a readable storage medium.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • Quality of Service refers to a network that uses various basic technologies to provide better service capabilities for specific services.
  • Quality of Service In order to understand the network status, it is necessary to measure the network's service quality and assign appropriate tasks based on whether the quality is good or not.
  • the existing measurement method of data transmission quality generally adopts the method of sending a dedicated message, such as ping. This method needs to inject additional traffic into the network, and the message itself will also affect the network quality, making the existing measurement methods of data transmission quality not accurate enough.
  • DetNet which is more sensitive to network quality.
  • DetNet is the abbreviation of Determini stic Networking, which can provide services with extremely low packet loss rate and limited end-to-end transmission delay.
  • DetNet functions mostly run at the IP layer and are supported by subnet technologies such as Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN).
  • MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
  • TSN Time-Sensitive Networking
  • QoS under DetNet also requires the orderly delivery of data packets in the service flow.
  • PREF Packet Replication and Elimination Functions
  • each node of the flow is Data packets are copied and forwarded, detected and eliminated, and multi-path transmission of a single stream is supported.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method for measuring data transmission quality, a forwarding device, and a readable storage medium.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring data transmission quality, which includes: in response to receiving message information, a forwarding device detects control word information of the message information; and according to the preset flag bit in the control word Status, determine whether the network quality needs to be measured; if it is determined that the measurement is needed, collect the data required for the measurement to determine the network quality.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a forwarding device, including: at least one processor; and, a memory communicatively connected with the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores the memory that can be executed by the at least one processor; The instructions are executed by the at least one processor, so that the at least one processor can execute the above-mentioned data transmission quality measurement method.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for measuring data transmission quality as described above is realized.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring data transmission quality according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for measuring data transmission quality in a second embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for measuring data transmission quality in a third embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a forwarding device in a fourth embodiment according to the present application.
  • the first embodiment of the present application relates to a method for measuring data transmission quality.
  • This embodiment is applied to a forwarding device.
  • the forwarding device refers to a device with a message forwarding function, which can be a user-side device or a network-side device, such as a router, a switch, etc., which will not be listed here.
  • FIG. 1 The flow of the method for measuring data transmission quality in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 1, and the details are as follows:
  • Step 101 In response to receiving the message information, the forwarding device detects the control word information of the message information.
  • control word information in this embodiment may refer to a control word format, and specifically may be an MPLS control word format, or other control word formats may also be used, which is not limited herein.
  • Step 102 Determine whether the network quality needs to be measured according to the state of the preset flag bit in the control word information.
  • the idle flag bit can be defined in advance as the flag bit used to determine whether the network quality needs to be measured, or the flag bit can be added to the existing format, which will not be listed here.
  • the preset flag bit can be the D flag bit. It can be agreed in advance that the network quality needs to be measured when the D flag bit is 1, and then when the preset flag bit is detected as 1, it is determined that the network quality needs to be measured. When it is detected that the preset flag bit is 0, it is determined that the network quality does not need to be measured.
  • the state of the preset flag in this embodiment is set by the setting device, where the setting device detects that the received message information contains specified content (such as mac address, vlan, priority After the stream identification information such as, ip, etc.), the preset flag of the message information is set.
  • the setting device may be the foregoing forwarding device, or may be another forwarding device other than the foregoing forwarding device.
  • the setting device judges the flow-id of the service flow to determine whether there is message information containing the specified content. If it exists, it sets the preset flag in the message information containing the specified content.
  • the value of the flag bit is set from 0 to 1.
  • the node can trigger the measurement of data transmission after receiving the set message, so that the required message can be automatically set by the setting device, thereby realizing automatic data measurement trigger.
  • Step 103 When it is determined that the network quality needs to be measured, data required for the measurement is collected.
  • the data required for measurement is collected for use in determining network quality. More specifically, if it is determined that the network quality needs to be measured according to the determination method in step 102, the data required for the measurement is collected to determine the network quality. If it is necessary to measure at least one indicator of delay, delay jitter, or out-of-sequence state that characterizes network quality, the required data includes: the serial number and timestamp of the data received by the forwarding device, and the serial number and time of the data sent by the forwarding device stamp.
  • a flag bit can be used to determine the need to be detected, and then the required indicators can be sequentially detected. As in the previous example, three indicators of delay, delay jitter and out-of-sequence state need to be detected. Then when the D flag is detected as 1, the delay is detected first, then the delay jitter, and finally the out-of-sequence state.
  • the indicator to be detected can also be determined by the combination of two flag bits. Specifically, there are at least two preset flag bits. Correspondingly, according to the state of at least two flag bits in the message information, different indicators that need to be measured to characterize network quality are determined. For example, preset the two flag bits B and D in the MPLS control word. If both flag bits are set to 1, it is determined that the delay needs to be detected, and when the two flag bits are both 0, it is determined that the out-of-sequence state needs to be detected , The set rules can be determined according to actual needs, and will not be listed here.
  • this embodiment changes some of the flag bits of the service message.
  • the forwarding device receives the information of the service message, it determines whether to perform network measurement by detecting these flag bits. If measurement is required, it initiates some network quality measurement requirements. Data collection for determining network quality.
  • the implementation of the present application avoids sending and receiving additional dedicated measurement packets, avoids additional traffic injection to the network, reduces the impact on the actual environment of the network to be tested, and makes the measured network quality more accurate.
  • this embodiment only needs to modify the flag bit to control whether to trigger the measurement of the data transmission quality, which is highly integrated with the existing solution and facilitates the promotion of this application.
  • the data transmission quality measurement method in this embodiment is based on the service flow driving mode of the network layer, which can be used not only to measure the communication quality of the overall network state, but also to measure the communication quality of a single service flow. , Set a flag bit in the message information under the service flow to be measured, so that when the forwarding device receives the message information, it measures the service flow to which the message information belongs.
  • the second embodiment of the present application relates to a method for measuring data transmission quality.
  • This embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of the first embodiment, and the main improvement lies in: this embodiment clearly sends the collected data to the control center for the control center to determine the data transmission quality.
  • a dedicated control center is used to process the collected data, which can facilitate functional independence between devices and facilitate understanding of the overall data transmission quality of the network.
  • control center may be a processing module set in the forwarding device, which is used to process the collected data and calculate an index value that characterizes the quality of data transmission.
  • the processing module can pre-store the calculation formula and confirmation process of each indicator, such as the calculation formula of the delay between two adjacent nodes, the maximum delay jitter between two adjacent nodes, and the process of determining the disorder of the service flow, etc. After receiving the data, call the corresponding formula or determine the process for processing according to the index to be calculated, so as to obtain the corresponding index value.
  • the forwarding device in this embodiment is a router.
  • the D flag is preset, and it is agreed that if the D flag is 1, the detection of various indicators is turned on; if it is 0, the detection of various indicators is not turned on.
  • the flow of the method for measuring data transmission quality in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 2, and the details are as follows:
  • Step 201 In response to receiving the message information, the router detects the control word information of the message information.
  • Step 202 is executed to enable the measurement of various indicators; if it is 0, the delay detection is not enabled, and the traditional message forwarding process is executed, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.
  • step 202 when it is determined that the detection is turned on, data required for the measurement is collected.
  • this embodiment will sequentially measure the three indicators of delay, delay jitter, and out-of-sequence status.
  • a measurement process is given below. It can be seen that in practical applications, the measurement sequence of these three indicators can be done. The change does not exceed the measurement concept proposed in this embodiment.
  • the combination of the serial number first and the time stamp second is only a specific form.
  • the time stamp can also be the first and the serial number second. This will not be the same here.
  • the steps of collecting and buffering the data required for the measurement can be performed by the collection module of the router.
  • Step 203 When the measurement interval arrives, the collected key-value pair information is transmitted to the control center.
  • control center in this embodiment may be a processing module set in the forwarding device.
  • the collection module sends the data in the buffer to the processing module, and then clears the two key-value pairs. It is transmitted when the measurement interval t arrives, which facilitates accurate data transmission and avoids transmission confusion.
  • the collection module encapsulates the collected data into a feedback information format and sends it to the control center.
  • the format can be defined according to the actual protocol used.
  • This embodiment proposes a feedback information format, including: feedback node information, recording the device number information of the forwarding node; service flow information, recording the identity information of the service flow; data packet quantity measurement field , Record the total number of service flow data packets sent or arrived; data packet size measurement field, record the total number of bytes of service flow data packets sent or arrived; data packet sequence number and timestamp measurement field, record sent or arrived in the service flow The sequence number and time stamp information of each packet.
  • the feedback information format is an easily identifiable information format, and other feedback information formats can also be used, which will not be listed here.
  • Step 204 After receiving multiple sets of feedback information, the control center determines the transmission data of the service flow between nodes.
  • the control center can also receive data from other forwarding devices, and aggregate the received data for processing.
  • the neighboring nodes are found according to the service flow identifier, node-id and network topology, and then the corresponding feedback information group is found according to the node-id of the neighboring node, and then the service flow is found between the nodes.
  • Step 205 extract the serial number information therein.
  • a sending end sequence number array of length k (tx_1,...,tx_k) and a receiving end sequence number array of length p (rx_1,...,rx_p) are generated.
  • steps 204-205 are data preparation steps, after the received data is extracted, sorted, and combined, to prepare for subsequent index calculations.
  • Step 206 the control center performs time delay calculation.
  • the obtained AB_Delay[seq] is the transmission delay of the service flow from node A to node B.
  • Step 207 The control center executes the delay jitter calculation.
  • AB_Jitter[t] Max(AB_Delay[i ]-AB_Delay[j]), seq_min ⁇ i,j ⁇ seq_max, where: AB_Delay[i] represents the delay corresponding to the data packet with sequence number i between nodes AB, and AB_Delay[j] represents the sequence between nodes AB
  • AB_Delay[i] represents the delay corresponding to the data packet with sequence number i between nodes AB
  • AB_Delay[j] represents the sequence between nodes AB
  • the delay corresponding to the data packet number j, and the obtained AB_Jitter[t] is the maximum delay jitter between node A and node B.
  • step 208 the control center executes out-of-order data packet calculation.
  • step 205 assuming that the sending end sequence is in order, if the data packet arrives in order, for each index i (1 ⁇ i ⁇ p), rx_i ⁇ rx_i+1 is strictly true , Otherwise it will arrive out of order.
  • the maximum number of out-of-sequence data packets of a service flow can be calculated by comparing the sequence number arrays of the receiving end and the sending end.
  • the receiving end receives a group of streams whose sequence numbers are in the order of (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 8, 7, 9), two out-of-sequence arriving packets have occurred, namely packets (6, 5) and message (8, 7). It can be found that the maximum number of out-of-order datagrams of the service flow can be calculated by comparing the sequence number arrays of the receiving end and the sending end, where the array is the array obtained in step 205.
  • control center is used to collect the data reported by each node, so as to separately measure the three indicators of delay, delay jitter, and out-of-sequence state that characterize the quality of data transmission, so that indicator confirmation and collection are relatively independent, which is not only convenient for equipment
  • the function is independent, and it is also easy to understand the overall data transmission quality of the network.
  • control center is built in the forwarding device that collects data as an example for description.
  • control center is built in a device independent of the forwarding device, that is, the forwarding device is a series of nodes that control The center is another node, so I won't repeat it here.
  • the third embodiment of the present application relates to a method for measuring data transmission quality.
  • the third embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of the first embodiment, and the main improvement lies in the increase in the calculation of the used bandwidth in the third embodiment of the present application, so that more diverse measurement indicators can be obtained.
  • the flow chart of the method for measuring data transmission quality in this embodiment is shown in Figure 3.
  • the state of the D flag and the B flag are combined to determine several types of measurements to be measured respectively.
  • the indicators are as follows:
  • Step 301 In response to receiving the message information, the forwarding device detects the control word information of the message information.
  • this step is similar to step 101 in the first embodiment, or similar to step 201 in the second embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
  • Step 302 according to the state of the preset flag bit in the control word, determine the index that needs to be measured to characterize the data transmission quality; if the B flag bit is 1 and the D flag bit is 0, go to step 303; if the B flag bit and the D flag If the bits are all 1, then step 304 is executed.
  • the preset D flag bit and the B flag bit in the message information, it is determined that different indicators that characterize the network quality need to be measured.
  • Step 303 Perform calculation of three indicators: delay, delay jitter, and out-of-sequence state.
  • the calculation process in this step can be the same as step 202 to step 208 in the second embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
  • the data transmission quality measurement method in this embodiment can be ended.
  • Step 304 Record the sending traffic and the receiving traffic respectively.
  • the data obtained at the sending port of the routing node is a sending packet
  • the data obtained at the receiving port is a receiving packet.
  • the service flow identification number (flow-id) is used to determine whether it is the same service flow, and then the sending port and the receiving port of the routing node first determine whether the data packet is a sending packet or a receiving packet; if it is a sending packet, it will The byte size is accumulated into the tx_bytes field, and if the packet is received, the byte size is accumulated into the rx_bytes field.
  • the tx_bytes field and the rx_bytes field are presets respectively, and are used to record the sending traffic and the receiving traffic respectively.
  • Step 305 The routing node uploads the collected traffic data to the control center.
  • the routing node when the measurement interval t arrives, the routing node performs the uploading step. Furthermore, when uploading, the flow data can be encapsulated as feedback information for uploading, which is convenient for accurate data transmission, and the data transmission can be integrated into the existing protocol, which is convenient Promotion of this application.
  • the two preset fields, rx_bytes and tx_bytes are cleared to facilitate recording of subsequent data.
  • step 306 the control center finds the rx_bytes and tx_bytes field information corresponding to the service flow between nodes according to the node-id and the flow-id.
  • Step 307 Accumulate the values of the rx_bytes and tx_bytes field information respectively.
  • the above steps 304 to 307 specifically execute how to measure the bandwidth of the service stream to be tested, and specifically measure the used bandwidth of a certain service stream by accumulating the data traffic transmitted under each service stream. Since the existing bandwidth measurement measures either the total bandwidth or the bandwidth of the port for a specific port, the bandwidth value allocated by the network cannot be measured according to different service flows. Therefore, the bandwidth measurement method in this embodiment can be used to divide services at the network layer. The bandwidth statistics of the flow are convenient to understand the bandwidth actually obtained by each service flow, and the bandwidth data corresponding to each service flow is convenient for other evaluations of the service.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present application relates to a forwarding device, as shown in FIG. 4, including:
  • At least one processor and a memory communicatively connected with the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, so that the at least one processor can execute as described above
  • the measurement method of the data transmission quality in the embodiment is described above.
  • the memory and the processor are connected in a bus manner, and the bus may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, and the bus connects one or more processors and various circuits of the memory together.
  • the bus can also connect various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, power management circuits, etc., which are all known in the art, and therefore, will not be further described herein.
  • the bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver.
  • the transceiver may be one element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices on the transmission medium.
  • the data processed by the processor is transmitted on the wireless medium through the antenna, and further, the antenna also receives the data and transmits the data to the processor.
  • the processor is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions.
  • the memory can be used to store data used by the processor when performing operations.
  • the fifth embodiment of the present application relates to a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the foregoing method embodiments.
  • Such software may be distributed on a computer-readable medium
  • the computer-readable medium may include a computer storage medium (or non-transitory medium) and a communication medium (or transitory medium).
  • the term computer storage medium includes volatile and non-volatile data implemented in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data).
  • Information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data.
  • Computer storage media include but are not limited to RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or Any other medium used to store desired information and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • communication media usually contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery media. .

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Abstract

本申请实施例涉及网络通信领域，公开了一种数据传输质量的测量方法、转发设备和可读存储介质。本申请中，数据传输质量的测量方法包括：转发设备响应于接收到报文信息，检测报文信息的控制字信息；根据控制字中预设标志位的状态，确定是否需要测量网络质量；若确定需要测量网络质量，则采集测量所需的数据，供确定网络质量。

Description

数据传输质量的测量方法、转发设备和可读存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201911000753.1、申请日为2019年10月21日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此以引入方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及网络通信领域，特别涉及数据传输质量的测量方法、转发设备和可读存储介质。
背景技术
QoS是服务质量(Quality of Service)的简称，是指一个网络通过利用各种基础技术，为特定的业务提供更好的服务能力。为了了解网络状态，需要对网络的服务质量进行测量，并根据质量良好与否，分配合适的任务。
现有数据传输质量的测量方法一般采用发送专用报文的方式，如ping。这种方式需要给网络注入额外的流量，报文本身也会影响网络质量，使得现有数据传输质量的测量方法不够精准。
尤其是DetNet，其对网络质量更为敏感。DetNet是确定性网络(Determini stic Networking)的简称，能为业务提供了极低的丢包率和有限的端到端传输延迟。DetNet功能较多运行在IP层，通过多协议标签交换(Multiprotocol Label Switching，MPLS)和时间敏感网络(Time-Sensitive Networking，TSN)等子网技术进行支撑。相对于传统网络，DetNet下的QoS对业务流中数据包的按序传递也提出了要求，一方面，由于DetNet本身特有PREF(Packet Replication  and Elimination Functions)机制，在每个节点将流的每个数据包进行复制转发、检测消除操作，支持单个流的多路径传输，这些特性会使得数据包失序到达的可能性增加；另一方面，DetNet中的某些应用无法接受失序到达的数据包，所以就需要最大失序数据包数量作为业务流的反馈指标。
发明内容
本申请实施方式的目的在于提供一种数据传输质量的测量方法、转发设备和可读存储介质。
本申请的实施方式提供了一种数据传输质量的测量方法，包括：转发设备响应于接收到报文信息，检测所述报文信息的控制字信息；根据所述控制字中预设标志位的状态，确定是否需要测量网络质量；若确定需要测量，则采集测量所需的数据，供确定网络质量。
本申请的实施方式还提供了一种转发设备，包括：至少一个处理器；以及，与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行如上述的数据传输质量的测量方法。
本申请的实施方式还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上述的数据传输质量的测量方法。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明，这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定，附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件，除非有特别申明，附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1是根据本申请第一实施方式中的数据传输质量的测量方法流程图；
图2是根据本申请第二实施方式中的数据传输质量的测量方法流程图；
图3是根据本申请第三实施方式中的数据传输质量的测量方法流程图；
图4是根据本申请第四实施方式中的转发设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请的各实施方式进行详细的阐述。然而，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，在本申请各实施方式中，为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是，即使没有这些技术细节和基于以下各实施方式的种种变化和修改，也可以实现本申请所要求保护的技术方案。以下各个实施例的划分是为了描述方便，不应对本申请的具体实现方式构成任何限定，各个实施例在不矛盾的前提下可以相互结合相互引用。
本申请的第一实施方式涉及一种数据传输质量的测量方法。本实施方式应用于一种转发设备，转发设备指的是具有报文转发功能的设备，可以是用户侧设备，也可以是网络侧设备，如路由器、交换机等，在此不再一一列举。
本实施方式中的数据传输质量的测量方法的流程如图1所示，具体如下：
步骤101，转发设备响应于接收到报文信息，检测报文信息的控制字信息。
具体的说，转发设备在接收业务报文时，可以对各报文信息进行分析检测。本实施方式中的控制字信息可以指的是控制字格式，具体可以是MPLS控制字格式，也可以采用其他控制字格式，在此不作限定。
步骤102，根据控制字信息中预设标志位的状态，确定是否需要测量网络质量。
具体的说，标志位中可以预先将闲置的标志位定义为用于确定是否需要测量网络质量的标志位，也可以在现有的格式中增加标志位，在此不再一一列举。
更具体的说，预设标志位可以为D标志位，可以预先约定该D标志位为1 时需要测量网络质量，那么当检测到该预设标志位为1时，则确定为需要测量网络质量，当检测到该预设标志位为0时，则确定为不需要测量网络质量。
值得一提的是，本实施方式中预设标志位的状态由置位设备设置，其中，置位设备在检测到所接收的报文信息中包含指定内容(如mac地址、vlan、、优先级、ip等流识别信息)后，对报文信息的预设标志位置位。其中，置位设备可以是上述转发设备，也可以是上述转发设备以外的其他转发设备。如置位设备对业务流的flow-id进行判断，确定是否存在包含指定内容的报文信息，如果存在，则将包含指定内容的报文信息中的预设标志位置位，如将该预设标志位的值从0置为1。
可以发现，通过置位设备置位，节点在收到置位后的报文即可触发数据传输的测量，这样就可以通过置位设备自动置位所需的报文，从而实现数据测量的自动触发。
步骤103，当确定需要测量网络质量，则采集测量所需的数据。
具体的说，采集测量所需的数据供确定网络质量所用。更具体的说，如果根据步骤102中的确定方式确定为需要测量网络质量，就采集测量所需的数据，供确定网络质量。如需要测量表征网络质量的时延、时延抖动或失序状态中至少一种指标时，所需数据包括：转发设备接收的数据的序列号和时间戳，转发设备发送的数据的序列号和时间戳。
需要说明的是，如需要测量表征网络质量的时延、时延抖动或失序状态中至少二种指标时，可以通过一个标志位确定需要检测后，依次检测所需的指标。如接上例，需要检测时延、时延抖动和失序状态三种指标，那么当检测到D标志位为1后，先检测时延，再检测时延抖动，最后检测失序状态。
实际应用中，也可以通过两个标志位的组合来确定需要检测的指标。具体的说，预设标志位至少有2个，对应地，根据报文信息中至少两个标志位的状 态，确定需要测量表征网络质量的不同指标。例，预设MPLS控制字中的B和D两个标志位，如设定这两个标志位都为1，确定需要检测时延，而两个标志位均为0时，确定需要检测失序状态，设定的规则可以根据实际需要确定，在此不再一一列举。
可见，本实施方式改变业务报文的某些标志位，转发设备在接收业务报文信息时，通过检测这些标志位，确定是否要进行网络测量，如果需要测量，则发起一些测量网络质量所需数据的采集，供确定网络质量。本申请实施方式避免收发额外的专用测量报文，避免对网络造成额外的流量注入，减少对待测网络的实际环境的影响，从而使得测得的网络质量更为准确。另外，本实施方式只需修改标志位，即可控制是否触发数据传输质量的测量，与现有方案融合度高，便于本申请的推广。
值得一提的是，本实施方式中的数据传输质量的测量方法是基于网络层的业务流驱动方式，不仅可以用于测量整体网络状态的通信质量，还可以用于单个业务流的通信质量测量，在需测量的业务流下属的报文信息中设置标志位，使得转发设备在接收到该报文信息时，就针对该报文信息所属的业务流进行测量。
本申请的第二实施方式涉及一种数据传输质量的测量方法。本实施方式是在第一实施方式的基础上做了进一步改进，主要改进之处在于：本实施方式明确要将采集到的数据发送至控制中心，供控制中心确定数据传输质量。本实施例利用专用的控制中心处理采集到的数据，可以便于设备间的功能独立，还能便于了解网络全局的数据传输质量。
具体的说，控制中心可以是设置于转发设备的处理模组，用于处理采集到的数据，并计算出表征数据传输质量的指标值。其中，处理模组可以预存各指 标的计算公式、确认流程等，如相邻两节点间的时延计算公式，相邻两节点间的最大时延抖动，以及业务流的失序情况确定流程等，在收到数据后，根据需要计算的指标调用相应的公式或确定流程进行处理，从而得到相应的指标值。
下面以测量时延、时延抖动和失序状态三种指标为例，其中，本实施方式中转发设备为路由器。预设D标志位，同时约定：若D标志位为1则开启各项指标的检测；若为0则不开启各项指标的检测。本实施方式中数据传输质量的测量方法的流程如图2所示，具体如下：
步骤201，路由器响应于接收到报文信息，检测报文信息的控制字信息。
具体的说，每当路由转发节点接收或发送数据包时，会判断MPLS控制字中的D标志位，MPLS控制字格式可以如下表(1)所示，之后当判定D标志位若为1，则执行步骤202，开启各项指标的测量；若为0，则不开启时延检测，执行传统的报文转发流程，在本实施方式中不再赘述。
0 0 0 0 D B 数据包序列号
表(1)
步骤202，当确定开启检测后，采集测量所需的数据。
具体的说，本实施方式将依序测量时延、时延抖动和失序状态三种指标，下面给出一种测量流程，可知的是，实际应用中，可以对这三种指标的测量顺序做变化，并不超出本实施方式中提出的测量构思。
继续说明，依据数据接收还是数据发送将其序列号和时间戳组合在一起，将接收数据序列号、接收时戳<rx_sequence_number，rx_timestamp>或发送数据序列号、发送时戳<tx_sequence_number，tx_timestamp>作为一个键值对存在本地缓存中。
值得一提的是，键值中，序列号在前、时戳在后的组合方式仅为一种具体 形式，实际应用中，也可以时戳在前、序列号在后，在此不再一一列举。
还需说明的是，当确定开启检测后，采集测量所需的数据并缓存的步骤可以由路由器的采集模组执行。
步骤203，当测量间隔到来时，将采集的键值对信息传输到控制中心。
具体的说，本实施方式中的控制中心可以是设置于转发设备的处理模组，本步骤中采集模组将缓存中的数据发送至处理模组，然后将这两个键值对清空。在测量间隔t到来时传输，便于数据的准确传输，避免传输混乱。
更具体的说，采集模组将采集到的数据封装成反馈信息的格式后，发送至控制中心。格式可以根据实际采用的协议定义，本实施方式提出了一种反馈信息格式，包括：反馈节点信息，记录转发节点的设备号信息；业务流信息，记录业务流的身份信息；数据包数量测量字段，记录发送或到达的业务流数据包总量；数据包大小测量字段，记录发送或到达的业务流数据包总字节数；数据包序列号和时间戳测量字段，记录发送或到达业务流中每个数据包的序列号和时间戳信息。实际应用中，反馈信息格式作为容易识别的信息格式，也可以采用其他反馈信息格式，在此不再一一列举。
步骤204，控制中心接收到多组反馈信息之后，确定业务流在节点间的传输数据。
具体的说，控制中心除了接收本路由器采集的数据之外，还可以接收其他转发设备发来的数据，将收到的数据汇聚在一起后处理。具体根据业务流标示、节点设备号(node-id)和网络拓扑找出相邻节点，然后根据相邻节点的node-id分别找到其对应的反馈信息组，然后寻找到业务流在节点间所对应的<rx_sequence_number，rx_timestamp>(序列号和接收时间戳组成的键值对)和<tx_sequence_number，tx_timestamp>(序列号和发送时间戳组成的键值对)的字段信息。
步骤205，提取其中的序列号信息。
具体的说，本步骤根据收到的数据生成长度为k的发送端序列号数组(tx_1,...,tx_k)和长度为p的接受端序列号数组(rx_1,...,rx_p)，为之后的无序数据包计算做准备，由于在传输过程可能存在丢包，所以p<＝k。
可以发现，步骤204-205为数据准备步骤，将收到的数据提取、排序、组合后，为后续指标计算做准备。
步骤206，控制中心执行时延计算。
以相邻节点为节点A和节点B为例，在测量间隔t时，某业务流的时延(即AB节点间的时延)通过以下公式计算：AB_Delay[seq]＝B_rx_timestamp[seq]-A_tx_timestamp[seq]，其中：A_tx_timestamp[seq]表示节点A发送的序列号为seq的数据包所对应的时间戳；B_rx_timestamp[seq]表示节点B收到的序列号为seq的数据包所对应的时间戳，得到的AB_Delay[seq]就是业务流从节点A和节点B之间的传输时延。
步骤207，控制中心执行时延抖动计算。
继续上例，对于节点A和节点B，在测量间隔t时，假设数据包序列号范围为(seq_min,seq_max)，某业务流的抖动通过以下公式计算：AB_Jitter[t]＝Max(AB_Delay[i]-AB_Delay[j])，seq_min<i,j<seq_max，其中：AB_Delay[i]表示节点AB之间序列号为i的数据包所对应的时延，AB_Delay[j]表示节点AB之间序列号为j的数据包所对应的时延，得到的AB_Jitter[t]就是节点A和节点B之间的最大时延抖动。
步骤208，控制中心执行无序数据包计算。
具体的说，根据步骤205的数据，假设发送端序列是有序的，则如果数据包也是有序到达的话，对于每个索引i(1<i<p)，rx_i<rx_i+1是严格成立的，否则就算是产生失序到达。业务流的最大失序数据包数量可以通过对比接收端和发 送端的序列号数组计算得到。
例如，接收端收到了一组序列号顺序为(1，2，3，4，6，5，8，7，9)的流，则其中发生了两个无序到达报文，分别是报文(6，5)和报文(8，7)。可以发现，业务流的最大无序数据报数量可以通过对比接收端和发送端的序列号数组计算得到，其中的数组即为步骤205中得到的数组。
可见，本实施方式中利用控制中心收集各节点上报的数据，从而分别测量出表征数据传输质量的时延、时延抖动和失序状态三种指标，使得指标确认和收集相对独立，不仅便于设备间的功能独立，还能便于了解网络全局的数据传输质量。此外，实际应用中，还可以设置测量其他表征数据传输质量的指标，在此不再一一列举。
另外，本实施方式中以控制中心内置于收集数据的转发设备中为例进行说明，实际应用中，控制中心内置于独立于转发设备外的设备，也就是说，转发设备为一系列节点，控制中心为另外的节点，在此不再赘述。
本申请的第三实施方式涉及一种数据传输质量的测量方法。第三实施方式是在第一实施方式的基础上做了进一步改进，主要改进之处在于：本申请第三实施方式中增加使用带宽的计算，使得可以获得更为多样的测量指标。
具体的说，本实施方式中数据传输质量的测量方法的流程图如图3所示，本实施方式中以D标志位和B标志位两个标志位的状态组合，分别对应确定几种需测量的指标，具体如下：
步骤301，转发设备响应于接收到报文信息，检测报文信息的控制字信息。
具体的说，本步骤与第一实施方式中的步骤101相类似，或与第二实施方式中的步骤201相类似，在此不再赘述。
步骤302，根据控制字中预设标志位的状态，确定所需要测量表征数据传输 质量的指标；若B标志位为1，D标志位为0，则执行步骤303；若B标志位和D标志位均为1，则执行步骤304。
具体的说，根据报文信息中至少2个标志位(预设的D标志位和B标志位)的状态，确定需要测量表征网络质量的不同指标。
步骤303，执行时延、时延抖动和失序状态三种指标的计算。
具体的说，本步骤中的计算过程可以如第二实施方式中的步骤202至步骤208，在此不再一一赘述。本步骤执行完成后，可以结束本实施方式中的数据传输质量的测量方法。
步骤304，分别记录发送流量和接收流量。
具体的说，若开启使用带宽检测，则根据硬件检测，在路由节点的发送端口获得的数据为发送包，在接收端口获得的数据为接收包。
更具体的说，通过业务流标识号(flow-id)进行判断是否是同一个业务流，然后在路由节点的发送端口和接收端口先判断数据包是发送包还是接收包；若是发送包则将其byte大小累加到tx_bytes字段中，若是接收包则将其byte大小累加到rx_bytes字段。其中，tx_bytes字段和rx_bytes字段分别为预设，用于分别记录发送流量和接收流量。
步骤305，路由节点将采集的流量数据上传到控制中心。
具体的说，当测量间隔t到来时，路由节点执行上传步骤，进一步说，在上传时，可以将流量数据封装为反馈信息上传，便于数据准确发送，也使得数据发送可以融入现有协议，便于本申请的推广。
之后，将流量数据上传完毕后，将rx_bytes和tx_bytes两个预设字段清零，便于记录后续数据。
步骤306，控制中心根据node-id和flow-id找到业务流在节点间所对应的rx_bytes和tx_bytes字段信息。
步骤307，分别累积rx_bytes和tx_bytes字段信息的值。
以相邻节点为节点A和节点B为例，在测量间隔t时，某业务流的使用带宽可以通过以下公式计算AB_Bandwidth[t]＝Max(A_tx_bytes[t],B_rx_bytes[t])*8/AB_Delay[seq],得到计算结果单位为bps，其中：A_tx_bytes[t]表示节点A在测量间隔t时累计记录的发送相同flow-id的数据包byte大小；B_rx_bytes[t]表示节点B在测量间隔t时累计记录的接收相同flow-id的数据包byte大小。
可以发现，上述步骤304至步骤307具体执行如何测量待测业务流的带宽，具体通过分别累计各业务流下传输的数据流量测量某一业务流的使用带宽。由于现有带宽测量要么测量总带宽，要么针对特定端口测量该端口的带宽，无法根据不同业务流测量出网络分配的带宽值，所以利用本实施方式中测量带宽的方式，可以在网络层分业务流进行带宽统计，便于了解各个业务流实际获得的带宽，各业务流对应的带宽数据便于业务的其他评估。
上面各种方法的步骤划分，只是为了描述清楚，实现时可以合并为一个步骤或者对某些步骤进行拆分，分解为多个步骤，只要包括相同的逻辑关系，都在本专利的保护范围内；对算法中或者流程中添加无关紧要的修改或者引入无关紧要的设计，但不改变其算法和流程的核心设计都在该专利的保护范围内。
本申请第四实施方式涉及一种转发设备，如图4所示，包括：
至少一个处理器；以及，与至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，存储器存储有可被至少一个处理器执行的指令，指令被至少一个处理器执行，以使至少一个处理器能够执行如上述实施方式中的数据传输质量的测量方法。
其中，存储器和处理器采用总线方式连接，总线可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥，总线将一个或多个处理器和存储器的各种电路连接在一起。总线 还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路连接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口在总线和收发机之间提供接口。收发机可以是一个元件，也可以是多个元件，比如多个接收器和发送器，提供用于在传输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。经处理器处理的数据通过天线在无线介质上进行传输，进一步，天线还接收数据并将数据传送给处理器。
处理器负责管理总线和通常的处理，还可以提供各种功能，包括定时，外围接口，电压调节、电源管理以及其他控制功能。而存储器可以被用于存储处理器在执行操作时所使用的数据。
本申请第五实施方式涉及一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述方法实施例。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，上文中所公开方法中的全部或某些步骤、系统、装置中的功能模块/单元可以被实施为软件、固件、硬件及其适当的组合。在硬件实施方式中，在以上描述中提及的功能模块/单元之间的划分不一定对应于物理组件的划分；例如，一个物理组件可以具有多个功能，或者一个功能或步骤可以由若干物理组件合作执行。某些物理组件或所有物理组件可以被实施为由处理器，如中央处理器、数字信号处理器或微处理器执行的软件，或者被实施为硬件，或者被实施为集成电路，如专用集成电路。这样的软件可以分布在计算机可读介质上，计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质(或非暂时性介质)和通信介质(或暂时性介质)。如本领域普通技术人员公知的，术语计算机存储介质包括在用于存储信息(诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据)的任何方法或技术中实施的易失性和非易失性、可移除和不可移除介质。计算机存储介质包括但不限于RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪存或其他存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其他光盘存储、磁盒、磁带、 磁盘存储或其他磁存储装置、或者可以用于存储期望的信息并且可以被计算机访问的任何其他的介质。此外，本领域普通技术人员公知的是，通信介质通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者诸如载波或其他传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的其他数据，并且可包括任何信息递送介质。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，上述各实施方式是实现本申请的具体实施例，而在实际应用中，可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变，而不偏离本申请的精神和范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种数据传输质量的测量方法，包括：
    转发设备响应于接收到报文信息，检测所述报文信息的控制字信息；
    根据所述控制字中预设标志位的状态，确定是否需要测量网络质量；
    若确定需要测量网络质量，则采集测量所需的数据，供确定网络质量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的数据传输质量的测量方法，其中，所述预设标志位的状态由置位设备设置，所述置位设备在检测到所接收的报文信息中包含指定内容后，对所述报文信息的预设标志位置位。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的数据传输质量的测量方法，其中，所述置位设备为所述转发设备，或为独立于所述转发设备外的转发设备。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的数据传输质量的测量方法，其中，所述采集测量所需的数据之后，包括：
    将采集到的数据发送至控制中心，供所述控制中心确定所述数据传输质量。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的数据传输质量的测量方法，其中，将采集到的数据发送至控制中心，供所述控制中心汇集不同转发设备的数据后，确定所述数据传输质量。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的数据传输质量的测量方法，其中，所述将采集到的数据发送至控制中心，为：
    在预设的测量间隔到来时，将采集到的数据发送至所述控制中心。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的数据传输质量的测量方法，其中，控制中心内置于所述转发设备，或者，内置于独立于所述转发设备外的设备。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的数据传输质量的测量方法，其中，所述将采集到的数据发送至控制中心，为：
    将采集到的数据封装成反馈信息的格式后，发送至所述控制中心。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的数据传输质量的测量方法，其中，所述预设标志位至少有2个；
    所述根据所述报文信息中预设标志位的状态，确定是否需要测量网络质量，包括：
    根据所述报文信息中至少2个标志位的状态，确定需要测量表征网络质量的不同指标。
  10. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的数据传输质量的测量方法，其中，当需要测量表征网络质量的时延、时延抖动或失序状态中至少一种指标时，所需数据包括：所述转发设备接收的数据的序列号和时间戳，所述转发设备发送的数据的序列号和时间戳。
  11. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的数据传输质量的测量方法，其中，还包括：
    根据所述报文信息中预设标志位的状态，确定是否需要测量各业务流的使用带宽；
    若需要测量所述各业务流的使用带宽，则分别累计各业务流下传输的数据流量。
  12. 一种转发设备，包括：
    至少一个处理器；以及，
    与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，
    所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行如权利要求1至11中任一所述的数据传输质量的测量方法。
  13. 一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至11中任一所述的数据传输质量的测量方法。
PCT/CN2020/121215 2019-10-21 2020-10-15 数据传输质量的测量方法、转发设备和可读存储介质 WO2021078061A1 (zh)

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