WO2021073539A1 - 一种hls播放方法、客户端、服务器及存储介质 - Google Patents
一种hls播放方法、客户端、服务器及存储介质 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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- the embodiments of the present application relate to but not limited to the multimedia field, and specifically relate to but not limited to an HLS playback method, client, server, and storage medium.
- HLS HTTP Live Streaming, Hypertext Transfer Protocol Live Streaming
- HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- OTT Over The Top
- Live streaming is widely used, and what the HLS live client gets is not a complete data stream.
- the HLS protocol stores the live data stream as a continuous, short-duration media file (MPEG-TS (Moving Picture Experts Group-Transport Stream) format) on the server side, while the client side continuously Download and play these small media files, because the server will always generate new small media files with the latest live data, so as long as the client keeps playing the media files obtained from the server in order, the live broadcast is realized.
- MPEG-TS Motion Picture Experts Group-Transport Stream
- the client needs to repeatedly request the HLS to play media description information within a period to obtain new media file information. A large number of requests consume a lot of server performance.
- An HLS playback method, client, server, and storage medium provided by the embodiments of the present application.
- An embodiment of the present application provides an HLS playback method, including:
- the HLS playback media description information includes TS fragments named after the fragment sequence number; request to download the latest TS fragment according to the TS fragment sequence number;
- the latest TS fragments are composed of standard M3u8 files and then played.
- An embodiment of the present application also provides an HLS playback method, including: rewriting the segment name of the TS segment to obtain HLS playback media description information, where the HLS playback media description information includes the TS segment named according to the segment sequence number; receiving; After the request information sent by the client, the HLS playback media description information is sent to the client; and the latest TS fragments are sent to the client according to the download request.
- An embodiment of the present application also provides a client, including a first processor, a first memory, and a first communication bus; the first communication bus is used to implement connection and communication between the first processor and the first memory The first processor is used to execute one or more programs stored in the first memory to implement the steps of the HLS playback method implemented by the client as above.
- An embodiment of the present application also provides a server, including a second processor, a second memory, and a second communication bus; the second communication bus is used to implement connection and communication between the second processor and the second memory; The second processor is configured to execute one or more programs stored in the second memory to implement the steps of the HLS playback method implemented by the above server.
- the embodiment of the present application also provides a storage medium, the storage medium stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors, so as to realize the HLS playback implemented by the above server. Method steps.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an HLS playback method implemented by a client in Embodiment 1 of the application;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of an HLS playback method implemented by a server in Embodiment 2 of the application;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of an HLS playback method according to Embodiment 3 of this application.
- FIG. 4 is a network topology diagram of a client and a CDN server according to the third embodiment of the application;
- FIG. 5 is a network topology diagram of another client and CDN server according to the third embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a client according to the fourth embodiment of the application.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to the fourth embodiment of the application.
- the HLS playback media description information provided by the server is often fragmented due to various reasons, and the fragmentation information is not updated in time, which causes the playback of the client to freeze and affect the user experience.
- Fig. 1 is an HLS playing method implemented by the client provided in an embodiment of the application, including:
- HLS playback media description information includes TS fragments named according to the fragment sequence numbers.
- the server rewrites the segment name of the TS segment to obtain the HLS playback media description information, where the HLS playback media description information is an M3u8 file, and the M3u8 file includes TS segments named according to the segment sequence number, namely The segment name of each TS segment is the segment sequence number, such as _100.ts, _101.ts, _102.ts, etc.
- the TS segment of _102.ts is newer than the TS segment of _101.ts, and the TS segment of _101.ts
- the slice is new in _100.ts, and the M3u8 file includes _100.ts, _101.ts, and _102.ts arranged in order of the slice numbers from small to large.
- the sequence number of the subsequent TS segment can be derived from the sequence number of the previous TS segment.
- the preset rule includes but not Limited to the law of numbers, for example, the fragment sequence number of the previous TS fragment plus a fixed number (such as adding 1, 2, etc.) to get the fragment serial number of the next TS fragment, the fragment serial number of the next TS fragment is the previous TS fragment A fixed multiple of the fragment sequence number of a fragment, etc.; in some embodiments, the preset rule can also be a letter rule, for example, the fragment sequence number of the first TS fragment is _a.ts, and the second TS fragment is _ b.ts, the twenty-seventh TS segment is _aa.ts, etc.; the preset rule can also be the combination of letters and numbers, such as _a1.ts, _a2.ts, etc.
- the client only sends a request message to the server once when the HLS is playing and starting.
- the request message is used to obtain the M3u8 file, that is, it only requests the rewritten M3u8 file from the server once, and then there is no need to request the M3u8 file again;
- the client can download and locally save each TS segment contained in the M3u8 file.
- S102 Request to download the latest TS fragment according to the fragment sequence number of the TS fragment.
- the client receives the rewritten M3u8 file sent by the server, parses out the segment sequence number of each TS segment contained, and determines the segment sequence number of the latest TS segment to be downloaded according to the preset rule among the segment sequence numbers, for example,
- the M3u8 file includes _100.ts, _101.ts, and _102.ts arranged in ascending order of the fragment serial numbers.
- the fragment serial number of the latest TS fragment to be downloaded is _103.ts, and then according to the latest TS fragment Fragment serial number_103.ts requests the server to download the latest TS fragment, which is not included in the received M3u8 file; that is, the client sends a download request carrying the fragment serial number _103.ts to the server, This allows the server to send the latest TS segment_103.ts to the client after receiving the download request; it is understandable that when the server generates the latest TS segment, it will name the latest TS segment with a cumulative sequence number.
- the client since the server will continuously generate the latest TS fragments during the live broadcast and time shift, the client will periodically request the latest TS fragments, and the period is set to the fragmentation duration of one TS fragment Therefore, when requesting to download the latest TS segment according to the segment sequence number of the latest TS segment, the client requests the server to download the latest TS segment according to the segment duration of the TS segment before the latest TS segment; for example, according to the latest TS segment
- each TS segment (including the TS segment in the M3u8 file and the latest TS segment) obtained by the client has a segment duration of 5s
- the next latest TS segment is automatically requested every 5s .
- M3u8 files include _100.ts, _101.ts, and _102.ts, which will be sent to the server after 5s of _101.ts Request to download the latest TS segment _103.ts, encounter 404, the client requests again every 2s, at this time the client is currently playing _102.ts, and has not finished playing _102.ts.
- the server will continuously generate the latest TS fragments.
- the client downloads the latest TS fragments, it will assemble the latest TS fragments into a standard M3u8 file.
- the downloaded latest TS segment and the local TS segment are assembled into a standard M3u8 file according to the segment sequence number.
- the local TS segment includes each TS segment of the rewritten M3u8 file, for example, the latest TS segment_103.ts is assembled
- the client will update the standard M3u8 file in a timely manner every time the latest TS fragment is requested.
- the HLS playback method implemented by the client compared with the existing client which needs to repeatedly request the m3u8 file in a cycle, the client requests m3u8 once during live broadcast or time-shifted broadcast, and does not request m3u8 later.
- the next TS update is cumulatively predicted, and the download is requested from the server at constant intervals, and then the local TS information is assembled into a standard M3u8 file and saved in
- the client plays locally, which reduces the number of M3u8 requests to the server, and improves the performance of the client and the server; since the client directly requests the latest TS fragments from the server, it reduces the occurrence of TS fragment information loss through M3u8, and improves Stability of playback.
- Figure 2 is an HLS playing method implemented by a server provided in an embodiment of the application, and the HLS playing method includes:
- the server rewrites the name of the TS segment to be named after the segment sequence number, and then obtains the HLS playback media description information named after the segment sequence number.
- the HLS playback media description information is an M3u8 file to ensure that the client According to the M3u8 file, the next TS segment can be predicted.
- the server in the embodiment of the present application rewrites the TS fragments, it will determine the correspondence between the fragment sequence numbers of the rewritten TS fragments and the real TS fragments, and determine the rewritten TS fragments based on the correspondence.
- the storage location of the segment that is, the server can obtain the storage location of the TS segment or the segment name of the real TS segment through the segment sequence number of the rewritten TS segment, so that the server can read the real TS segment.
- the client requests an M3u8 file from the server when the HLS starts to play.
- the server After receiving the request message, the server sends the M3u8 file to the client, and then the client downloads and saves each TS segment in the M3u8 file, and according to The segment sequence number of each TS segment infers the segment sequence number of the latest TS segment.
- S203 Send the latest TS segment to the client according to the download request.
- the client When the client determines the sequence number of the latest TS segment to be downloaded, it will send a download request to the server.
- the server When the server generates the latest TS segment, the sequence number of the TS segment is the same as that of the TS segment in the M3u8 file. There is a preset rule between the sequence numbers of the fragments, and the download request is received, the latest TS fragment is sent to the client, so that the client can compose the latest TS fragment into a standard M3u8 file for playback; when the server receives After the download request, if the latest TS segment has not been generated, a 404 is returned to the client to indicate that the server has not produced the TS segment.
- the server includes, but is not limited to, a CDN (Content Delivery Network) streaming media server. Specifically, you can try a CDN central server or a CDN edge server.
- CDN Content Delivery Network
- the embodiment of the application provides an HLS playback method implemented by a server.
- the TS segment name is converted into the segment sequence number, and the TS segment name is named after the segment sequence number, and the segment sequence number is an integer number.
- TS The slice name must have a certain number rule.
- the TS slice name in the back can be derived from the previous TS slice name to ensure that the client can predict the next slice, and then the client is live broadcast, time-shifted, TS Fragmentation requests use the name and fragment sequence number to request the latest TS fragments from the server at constant intervals.
- the real-time example of this application uses a specific example of the HLS playback method, where the client includes a media client agent and a media client; as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the HLS playback method includes:
- the CDN central node of the streaming media server rewrites the segment name of the TS segment to obtain the M3u8 file.
- the CDN central node deploys the M3u8 rewrite module to convert the name of the TS segment into a segment sequence number for naming, such as _100.ts.
- the rewritten M3u8 file includes the TS segment named after the segment sequence number. , And arrange from small to large. There is a certain number rule for the sequence numbers of TS fragments.
- the sequence numbers of subsequent TS fragments can be derived from the fragment sequence number of the previous TS fragment, such as the rewritten M3u8 file
- the format is as follows:
- the media client agent requests the M3u8 file only once when the HLS starts to play.
- the CDN central node After the CDN central node rewrites the TS segment name, it sends the obtained M3u8 file to the CDN edge node. As shown in Figure 3, the media client requests the CDN edge node for the M3u8 file, and the media client agent only Request the above M3u8 file once, and will not request it again.
- the media client agent determines the latest TS segment to be downloaded according to the M3u8 file.
- the media client agent parses out each TS segment through the requested M3u8 file, which are _1495139376.ts, _1495139377.ts, _1495139378.ts, _1495139379.ts, and the segmentation duration of each TS segment (duration) It is 5s.
- the fragment serial number of each TS fragment the fragment serial number of the latest TS fragment is determined to be the previous TS fragment serial number plus 1.
- the media client agent requests the latest TS segment from the CDN edge node.
- the media client agent periodically requests the latest TS segment, and the period is generally set to the duration of a TS segment, such as 5s in the embodiment of this application, if the last request is _1495139380.ts, it will automatically request after 5s_ 1495139381.ts.
- the media client agent when it is requesting TS fragments, if it encounters a 404, it will re-request after a short period of time, because 404 is the CDN central node may not have generated the fragment yet, or the CDN edge node may not obtain it. To the latest TS segment.
- the CDN central node generates the latest TS segment.
- the CDN central node generates the latest TS segment, and rewrites the latest TS segment name to the segment sequence number, for example, _1495139380.ts.
- the CDN central node and the CDN edge node should at least know the relationship between the rewritten TS segment name and the real segment, and can obtain the storage location of the TS segment through the rewritten TS segment name, or know Real slice name, easy to read real TS slice
- the media client agent stores the requested latest TS fragment composition standard M3u8 file locally.
- the media client agent After the media client agent requests the latest TS fragment from the CDN edge node, it assembles the latest TS fragment information and the local TS fragment into a standard M3u8 file according to the fragment sequence number and stores it locally. Each request is made to the latest TS fragment. After the film, the standard M3u8 files are updated in time.
- the standard M3u8 file is as follows:
- the M3u8 file in the above format is a standard M3u8 file for the media client agent, and for the CDN central node, the above format may not be a standard M3u8 file.
- the media client requests the standard M3u8 file from the media client agent.
- the media client requests the standard M3u8 file from the media client agent through a local connection. For example, 7.
- the media client then uses the address of 127.0.0.1 to request the standard M3u8 file from the agent, and the media client agent sends the locally assembled M3u8 file To the media client.
- the media client uses the obtained standard M3u8 file to play.
- the M3u8 rewriting module may also be deployed at the CDN edge node, and the CDN edge node receives the TS segment from the CDN central node, and rewrites the TS segment name.
- the embodiment of this application uses a specific example to describe the HLS playback method.
- the M3u8 rewriting module is deployed on the OTT streaming media server, and the TS segment name is converted to the segment sequence number to ensure that the client can predict the next one.
- Fragmentation the media client agent in the media player terminal only requests the M3u8 file once when the HLS playback starts, and then accumulates and predicts the update and download of the next TS based on the TS fragment sequence number in the M3u8 file.
- the media client agent Then assemble the local TS information into a standard M3u8 file and save it locally on the client.
- the media client in the media player terminal uses a local connection to request the standard M3u8 file from the media client agent, and only requests the M3u8 file from the server once.
- An embodiment of the present application also provides a client, as shown in FIG. 6, which includes a first processor 601, a first memory 602, and a first communication bus 603, wherein:
- the first communication bus 603 is used to implement connection and communication between the first processor 601 and the first memory 603;
- the first processor 601 is configured to execute one or more first programs in the first memory 603, so as to implement the steps of the HLS playback method described in the embodiments.
- This embodiment also provides a server. As shown in FIG. 7, it includes a second processor 701, a second memory 702, and a second communication bus 703, wherein:
- the second communication bus 703 is used to implement connection and communication between the second processor 701 and the second memory 703;
- the second processor 701 is configured to execute one or more second programs in the second memory 703 to implement the steps of the HLS playback method described in each embodiment.
- the embodiments of the present application also provide a storage medium, which includes volatile or non-volatile data implemented in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, computer program modules, or other data).
- Non-volatile, removable or non-removable media include but are not limited to RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable read only memory), flash memory Or other memory technologies, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used Any other medium that can store desired information and can be accessed by a computer.
- RAM Random Access Memory
- ROM Read-Only Memory
- EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable read only memory
- flash memory Or other memory technologies CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes,
- the storage medium in the embodiments of the present application can be used to store one or more computer programs, and the stored one or more computer programs can be executed by the processor to implement the steps of the HLS playback method implemented by the client, or to implement The steps of the HLS playback method implemented by the above server.
- the client obtains HLS playback media description information by sending request information to the server, where the HLS playback media description information includes the information named after the fragment sequence number TS fragments; request to download the latest TS fragments according to the fragment sequence number of the TS fragments; compose the latest TS fragments into standard HLS playback media description information and then play them; in some implementation processes, HLS playback is only requested once from the server HLS plays media description information.
- the latest TS fragments are requested through the prediction and accumulation of fragment sequence numbers to achieve the update and download of media files. This reduces the number of requests for the server’s HLS playback media description information and improves the server’s performance. performance.
- communication media usually contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, computer program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium. Therefore, this application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
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Claims (10)
- 一种超文本传输协议直播流HLS播放方法,包括:向服务器发送请求信息,以获取HLS播放媒体描述信息,所述HLS播放媒体描述信息包含按分片序号命名的TS分片;根据所述TS分片的分片序号请求下载最新TS分片;将所述最新TS分片组成标准HLS播放媒体描述信息后进行播放。
- 如权利要求1所述的HLS播放方法,其中,所述HLS播放媒体描述信息为M3u8文件,各个TS分片的分片序号之间存在预设规律,所述根据TS分片的分片序号请求下载最新TS分片包括:根据所述M3u8文件解析出各TS分片的分片序号,并根据所述预设规律确定待下载的所述最新TS分片的分片序号;根据所述最新TS分片的分片序号请求下载所述最新TS分片。
- 如权利要求2所述的HLS播放方法,其中,所述客户端获取各TS分片的分片时长,所述根据所述最新TS分片的分片序号请求下载所述最新TS分片,包括:根据所述最新TS分片之前的TS分片的分片时长,向所述服务器请求下载所述最新TS分片。
- 如权利要求2所述的HLS播放方法,其中,将所述最新TS分片组成标准HLS播放媒体描述信息后进行播放,包括:将所述最新TS分片与本地TS分片按分片序号组装成标准M3u8文件,所述本地TS分片包括改写后的M3u8文件的各TS分片。
- 一种HLS播放方法,包括:对TS分片的分片名进行改写,得到HLS播放媒体描述信息,所述HLS播放媒体描述信息包括按分片序号命名的TS分片;接收客户端发送的请求信息后,将所述HLS播放媒体描述信息发送给所述客户端;根据下载请求将最新TS分片发送给所述客户端。
- 如权利要求5所述的HLS播放方法,其中,所述HLS播放媒体描述信息为M3u8文件,所述根据将下载请求最新TS分片发送给所述客户端,包括:生成最新TS分片,所述最新TS分片的分片序号与所述M3u8文件中的TS分片的分片序号之间存在预设规律;接收到所述下载请求后,将所述最新TS分片发送给所述客户端。
- 如权利要求5所述的HLS播放方法,其中,所述对TS分片的分片名进行改写,得到HLS播放媒体描述信息之后,包括:确定改写后的各TS分片的分片序号与真实TS分片的对应关系;根据所述对应关系确定改写后的各TS分片的存储位置。
- 一种客户端,包括第一处理器、第一存储器和第一通信总线;所述第一通信总线用于实现所述第一处理器和第一存储器之间的连接通信;所述第一处理器用于执行所述第一存储器中存储的一个或者多个程序,以实现如权利要求1至4任一项所述HLS播放方法的步骤。
- 一种服务器,包括第二处理器、第二存储器和第二通信总线;所述第二通信总线用于实现所述第二处理器和第二存储器之间的连接通信;所述第二处理器用于执行所述第二存储器中存储的一个或者多个程序,以实现如权利要求5至7任一项所述HLS播放方法的步骤。
- 一种存储介质,其中,所述存储介质存储有一个或者多个程序,所述一个或者多个程序可被一个或者多个处理器执行,以实现如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的所述HLS播放方法的步骤,或,以实现如权利要求5至6中任一 项所述的所述HLS播放方法的步骤。
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