WO2021073318A1 - 组播用户接入方法、电子设备以及存储介质 - Google Patents

组播用户接入方法、电子设备以及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021073318A1
WO2021073318A1 PCT/CN2020/114245 CN2020114245W WO2021073318A1 WO 2021073318 A1 WO2021073318 A1 WO 2021073318A1 CN 2020114245 W CN2020114245 W CN 2020114245W WO 2021073318 A1 WO2021073318 A1 WO 2021073318A1
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Prior art keywords
router
multicast
priority
group
designated
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PCT/CN2020/114245
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English (en)
French (fr)
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顾根瑞
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021073318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021073318A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/16—Multipoint routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/185—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with management of multicast group membership
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/58—Association of routers

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and in particular to a multicast user access method, electronic equipment, and storage medium.
  • Multicast is a one-to-many or many-to-many multi-party communication form. If a user wants to receive multicast data packets of a specific multicast group, he needs to monitor all the data packets sent to that group. In order to solve the path selection of multicast data packets, users need to inform the multicast routers on the network of the groups that they have joined or left.
  • the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used in multicast to complete this task. In this way, the multicast router can know whether there are members of the multicast group on the network, and thereby decide whether to forward the multicast data packet to the network.
  • IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
  • a multicast router When a multicast router receives a multicast data packet, it checks the multicast destination address of the data packet, and forwards the data packet to all interfaces or downstream routers that have members of the group.
  • Multicast technology can effectively solve the problems of single-point transmission and multi-point reception, thereby realizing efficient point-to-multipoint data transmission in the network , which can save network bandwidth and reduce network load.
  • IPTV Internet Protocol Television
  • video conferencing video conferencing
  • live broadcast and other services
  • IPTV Internet Protocol Television
  • IPTV Internet Protocol Television
  • IPTV Internet Protocol Television
  • the number of users that can be connected to a multicast group is relatively small, resulting in webpages failing to open and freezing during peak periods.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a multicast user access method, electronic equipment, and storage medium.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a multicast user access method, which is applied to a first router in a designated router group, and the designated router group also includes a second router.
  • the method includes: accessing a user requesting to join the multicast Into the multicast. If the number of users connected to the multicast reaches the preset threshold, stop receiving the user's request to join the multicast, and send a message requesting the third router to work to the second router for the second router to notify the third router responsible for adding users who request to join the multicast into the multicast.
  • the third router is a router with a priority second only to the first router in the designated router group.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a multicast user access method, which is applied to the second router in the designated router group.
  • the method includes: collecting information of each router in the designated router group, and according to the collected information of each router , Determine the first router, where the first router is used to connect users requesting to join the multicast into the multicast, and stop receiving user requests to join when the number of users connected to the multicast reaches a preset threshold Multicast request. Receive a message sent by the first router requesting the work of the third router. Wherein, when the number of users connected to the multicast reaches the preset threshold, the first router sends a message to notify the third router to be responsible for adding the users requesting to join the multicast into the multicast.
  • the third router is a router with a priority second only to the first router in the designated router group.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected with the at least one processor.
  • the memory stores instructions that can be executed by at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by at least one processor, so that at least one processor can execute the foregoing multicast user access method.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the foregoing multicast user access method.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a multicast user access method in the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a designated router group in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an election flowchart of the second router in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a multicast user access method in the third embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in a fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • the first embodiment of the present application relates to a multicast user access method, which is applied to the first router in a designated router (Designated Router, DR for short) group.
  • the designated router group is composed of multiple routers on the multicast side, and the first router is the router that is receiving the user's joining request among the multiple routers on the multicast side.
  • the first router connects the user requesting to join the multicast into the multicast. If the number of users connected to the multicast reaches the preset threshold, stop receiving the user's request to join the multicast, and send a message requesting the third router to work to the second router for the second router to notify the third router responsible for adding users who request to join the multicast into the multicast.
  • Step 101 The first router in the designated router group connects the user requesting to join the multicast into the multicast.
  • the purpose of expanding the membership of the multicast group is achieved by pre-establishing a multicast user-side designated router DR group.
  • the designated router group includes multiple routers, and each router can elect a special router (that is, the second router) through election, and among the remaining routers, the router with the highest priority is determined as the first router.
  • the first router connects the user requesting to join the multicast into the multicast.
  • the first router may also send a keep-alive message to the user connected to the multicast.
  • the second router can be elected according to the priority of each router in the designated router group, that is, the priority of the first router is second only to the second router in the designated router group. If the number of routers with the highest priority in the designated router group is greater than one, the second router is determined according to the IP address of the router with the highest priority to ensure that the only router can be elected as the second router. For example, a router with a larger IP address can be selected as the second router. In actual operation, the router with a smaller IP address can also be used as the second router, which is not limited here.
  • each router on the multicast side needs to be enabled to ensure that each router can work normally. Then, each router on the multicast side establishes Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) neighbors with each other, and then each router on the multicast side elects a second router according to the above-mentioned election rules. But it is not limited to the above-mentioned election rules. In actual operation, as long as the only second router can be elected according to the preset election rules. After the second router is determined, the routers on the multicast side except the second router determine the order of work according to the priority and IP address of the router.
  • PIM Protocol Independent Multicast
  • the first router on the multicast side starts to work first, then it will accept the user's request to join, and then connect the user requesting to join the multicast into the multicast, and send a keep-alive to the users who are connected to the multicast
  • the type of the keep-alive message can be a message, which is not limited here. If the user has established a connection with the first router, the corresponding response message corresponding to the keep-alive message will be sent to the first router to achieve the protection Live the effect of users who have established a connection.
  • Step 102 Determine whether the number of users connected to the multicast reaches a preset threshold. If the number of users connected to the multicast reaches the preset threshold, go to step 103; otherwise, go back to step 101.
  • the first router whenever the first router connects a user requesting to join the multicast to the multicast, it will determine whether the number of users that have established a connection with itself has reached a preset threshold.
  • the preset threshold can be based on the first router's The maximum user access number setting, for example, the preset threshold is set to the maximum user access number of the first router, or the product of the maximum user access number of the first router and the preset proportional coefficient is used as the preset threshold.
  • Step 103 Stop receiving the user's request to join the multicast, and send a message requesting the third router to work to the second router.
  • the third router is a router with a priority second only to the first router in the designated router group.
  • the preset threshold is 10
  • the number of users connected to itself has reached 10
  • the preset threshold has been reached
  • the first router stops receiving the user's request to join the multicast, it will continue to send keep-alive messages to the users who have already connected to the multicast.
  • the purpose of sending a message requesting the work of the third router to the second router is for the second router to notify the third router to be responsible for adding the user requesting to join the multicast into the multicast.
  • the third router is a router with a priority second only to the first router in the designated router group.
  • a multicast group which includes a designated router group.
  • a designated router group As shown in FIG. 2, there are multiple routers A, B, C, and D in the designated router group.
  • the number of routers in actual operation may not be limited to 4, and the designated router group may be composed of routers and switches, which is not limited here.
  • the priority of router B is the highest, the priority of router A is second only to router B, the priority of router C is second only to router A, and the priority of router D is the lowest. That is, A, B, C, and D are arranged from high to low in order of priority: B, A, C, and D. Therefore, through the election mechanism, router B is elected as the second router.
  • router B is the first router and router C is the third router.
  • the host of user 1 sends a message for joining the multicast to the first router A, such as an IGMP message, which is not limited here.
  • the destination address is the address of the multicast group, and the type of the message sent when the host joins a multicast group includes 0x16, which is not limited here.
  • the first router A first receives the message request of the host to join the multicast, and connects the host requesting to join the multicast into the multicast.
  • the host accessing the multicast also means that the connection establishment between the first router A and the host has been completed, and the host will be added to the multicast member list.
  • the first router A will send a query message, that is, a keep-alive message, to the host that has established a connection with itself. After the host receives the query message, it will return a response message corresponding to the query message to prove that the host has returned.
  • a query message that is, a keep-alive message
  • the router counter is set to 1.
  • the preset threshold of the number of users that can be accessed by the first router A is 10
  • the first router A when the first router A is connected to 10 hosts, it will stop receiving requests from hosts to join the multicast and send the request to the second router B
  • the third router C works, and then the second router B forwards the message sent by the first router A to the third router C, and the third router C starts to work after receiving the message sent by the second router B.
  • the number of router counters is increased by 1, which means that there are 2 routers currently working. In this way, the number of routers in use can be known, so that routers can be deployed to make full use of idle routers.
  • the working process of the third router C is similar to the working process of the first router A, that is, when the number of hosts connected to the third router C reaches the preset threshold, it stops receiving requests from hosts to join the multicast, and Send a message requesting the work of the fourth router D to the second router B, and then the second router B forwards the message sent by the third router C to the fourth router D.
  • the working procedures of other routers except the second router B are the same, and will not be repeated here.
  • the first router stops receiving the user's request to join the multicast, and sends the request to the second router to the third router A working message for the second router to notify the third router to be responsible for adding users requesting to join the multicast into the multicast.
  • the second embodiment of the present application relates to a multicast user access method.
  • the first router sends an announcement message before connecting the user requesting to join the multicast to the multicast, and receives announcement messages sent by other routers in the designated router group.
  • the announcement message carries the priority and IP address of the router.
  • the first router compares the priority and IP address in the received announcement message with its own priority and IP address, thereby electing the second router.
  • Figure 3 including:
  • Step 201 Send an announcement message carrying its own priority and IP address, and receive announcement messages sent by other routers in the designated router group.
  • each router in the designated router group sends an announcement message carrying its own priority and IP address, and receives announcement messages sent by other routers.
  • routers A, B, C, and D there are multiple routers A, B, C, and D in the designated router group.
  • Each router sends an announcement message carrying its own priority and IP address in the designated router group.
  • router A will send announcement messages carrying its own priority and IP address in the designated router group, and will also receive announcement messages sent by routers B, C, and D carrying their own priority and IP address respectively. The same is true for router B, router C, and router D, so I won't repeat them here.
  • Step 202 Judge whether its own priority is higher than the priority in the received announcement message. If yes, go to step 203; if not, go to step 204.
  • each router in the designated router group receives an announcement message sent by other routers, it compares the priority in the received announcement message with its own priority.
  • router A receives the announcement message from router B, it compares its priority with the priority of router B. The same is true for router B and router C, so I won't repeat them here.
  • Step 203 Declare itself as the second router.
  • the first router will continue to determine whether its own priority is equal to the priority in the received announcement message, that is, go to step 204.
  • step 204 it is judged whether its own priority is equal to the priority in the received announcement message; if yes, go to step 205; if not, go to step 206.
  • router A will include its own IP address and the received announcement message Compare the IP addresses of, that is, go to step 205.
  • Step 205 Determine whether the own IP address is greater than the IP address in the received announcement message. If yes, go to step 203; if not, go to step 206.
  • each router in the designated router group receives the announcement message sent by other routers, it will not only compare the priority in the received announcement message with its own priority, but also compare the received announcement message Compare the IP address in with its own IP address.
  • Step 206 Continue to receive announcement messages carrying priorities and IP addresses sent by other routers in the designated router group.
  • the IP address of a router in the designated router group is greater than the IP address in the announcement message, it will declare itself as the second router.
  • the conditions can also be set In order to declare itself as the second router when the IP address in the own IP address announcement message is small, it is not limited here, as long as the only second router can be elected.
  • a multicast group which includes a designated router group. Assume that there are 3 routers A, B, and C in the designated router group. Routers A, B, and C respectively send announcement messages to announce their own priority and IP address.
  • the announcement message type here can be a Bootstrap message, which is not limited here. Assuming that router B receives the announcement message of router A, it compares the priority in the announcement message of router A with its own priority. If the priority of router A is higher than its own priority, router B continues to listen to announcement messages sent by other routers. If the priority of router A is equal to its own priority, compare the IP address of router A with its own IP address.
  • router B will send itself as the second router in a certain period. ’S announcement.
  • the announcement message is sent every 60s. In actual operation, the period can also be 30s, 1min, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the announcement message still carries the priority and IP address of router B, so that routers A and C know the IP address and priority of router B, and thus send the priority and IP address to the second router B.
  • router A and router C are sorted according to their priorities to determine the order of their work. Since routers A and C already know that router B is the second router, routers A and C will respectively send announcement messages to the second router B.
  • the announcement messages include the priority and IP address so that the second router B can use the
  • the priority and IP address are edited into candidate router configuration information and announced in the designated router group.
  • the first router before the user requesting to join the multicast is added to the multicast, the first router also sends an announcement message for the routers in the designated router group to elect the second router. Provides a method to elect the second router to ensure that there is only one second router. In the case of multiple second routers, when the number of users connected to the first router reaches the threshold, the process of scheduling another router to start working by multiple second routers will be disordered, which is beneficial to simplify the notification of another router to start working. Process. After the second router is elected, enter the multicast user access method shown in Figure 1, which will not be repeated here.
  • the third embodiment of the present application relates to a multicast user access method, which is applied to a second router in a designated router group.
  • the second router collects information of each router in the designated router group, and determines the first router based on the collected information of each router. Then it receives a message sent by the first router requesting the work of the third router. And notify the third router to be responsible for adding users who request to join the multicast into the multicast.
  • the following specifically describes the implementation details of the multicast user access method of this embodiment. The following content is only provided for ease of understanding and is not necessary for the implementation of this solution.
  • the specific process is shown in Figure 4, including:
  • Step 301 Collect information about each router in the designated router group.
  • the information of each router includes the priority and IP address of each router.
  • the second router edits the priority and IP address of each router into candidate router configuration information, and announces the candidate router configuration information in the designated router group for each router to determine whether it is the first router based on the candidate router configuration information.
  • each router in the designated router group sends an announcement message, which carries its own priority and IP address, and each router in the designated router group receives announcements carrying priority and IP address sent by other routers. Message and compare the priority in the received announcement message with its own priority. If it has a higher priority, it declares itself as the second router. If the priority in the received announcement message is the same as its own priority, in one embodiment, according to the IP address in the announcement message and its own IP address, it is decided whether to declare itself as the second router, thereby electing the unique The second router.
  • Step 302 Determine the first router according to the collected information of each router.
  • the first router is used to connect users requesting to join the multicast into the multicast, and stop receiving the user's request to join the multicast when the number of users connected to the multicast reaches a preset threshold. .
  • the first router may also send a keep-alive message to the user connected to the multicast.
  • a multicast group which includes a designated router group. Assume that there are 3 routers A, B, and C in the designated router group. Assuming that router B is elected as the second router, then the second router B will collect router information of routers A and C, that is, the priorities and IP addresses of routers A and C, so as to determine the working order of router A and router C. The second router B edits the router information of routers A and C into candidate router configuration information. For example: you can choose to make the router information of routers A and C into an information table, which is not limited here. Then the candidate router configuration information is announced in the designated router group for each router to determine whether it is the first router based on the candidate router configuration information. Assuming that router A receives the priority and IP address of router C in the configuration information of the candidate router at this time, it can compare its priority with the priority of router C. If it is greater than the priority of router C, then router A knows itself For the first router.
  • Step 303 Receive a message sent by the first router requesting the third router to work.
  • the first router sends a message requesting the third router to work.
  • Step 304 Notify the third router to be responsible for adding the user requesting to join the multicast into the multicast.
  • the third router is a router with a priority second only to the first router in the designated router group.
  • a multicast group which includes a designated router group. Assume that there are three routers A, B, and C in the designated router group, where A is the first router, B is the second router, and C is the third router. Assuming that the preset threshold of the number of users that the first router A can access is 10, when the first router A is connected to 10 hosts, it will stop receiving user requests to join the multicast and send it to the second router B A message requesting the third router C to work, and then the second router B forwards the message sent by the first router A to the third router C, thereby notifying the third router C to start working, that is, the user responsible for adding the request to the multicast Access to multicast.
  • the router counter is incremented by one.
  • there is a multicast group which includes a designated router group. Assume that there are three routers A, B, and C in the designated router group, where A is the first router, B is the second router, and C is the third router.
  • the router counter is set to 1. After the number of users accessed by the first router A reaches the preset threshold, it sends a message requesting the third router to start working to the second router B. The second router B receives the message sent by the first router A and forwards it to the third router C. At this time, the router counter is increased by 1, that is, the router counter is 2 at this time. In this way, the number of routers in use can be known, so that routers can be deployed to make full use of idle routers.
  • the second router determines the first router based on the received information of each router, and informs the third router to work, so that the router always receives the user's access request and keeps the connected users alive. Increase the number of multicast users.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present application relates to an electronic device, as shown in FIG. 5, including: at least one processor 401; and a memory 402 communicatively connected with the at least one processor.
  • the memory 402 stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor 401, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor 401, so that the at least one processor 401 can execute the foregoing multicast user access method.
  • the memory 402 and the processor 401 are connected in a bus manner.
  • the bus may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges.
  • the bus connects one or more various circuits of the processor 401 and the memory 402 together.
  • the bus can also connect various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, etc., which are all known in the art, and therefore, no further description will be given herein.
  • the bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver.
  • the transceiver may be one element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices on the transmission medium.
  • the data processed by the processor 401 is transmitted on the wireless medium through the antenna, and further, the antenna also receives the data and transmits the data to the processor 401.
  • the processor 401 is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions.
  • the memory 402 may be used to store data used by the processor 401 when performing operations.
  • the fifth embodiment of the present application relates to a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by the processor, the above method embodiment is realized.
  • the program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a device ( It may be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks or optical disks and other media that can store program codes. .
  • a priority relationship is formed between routers in the designated router group in the multicast group. After the number of users accessed by one router reaches a preset threshold, another router with the next priority will continue. Access new users.
  • the router of the connected user only needs to keep alive for the user who established the connection, so that multiple routers can connect to the user and keep alive. Compared with the prior art, only one of the routers can be designated to connect and keep the user alive. The number of users that can access the multicast group.

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Abstract

本申请实施例涉及通信领域，公开了一种组播用户接入方法、电子设备以及存储介质。本申请中，该方法应用于指定路由器群组中的第一路由器，指定路由器群组中还包括第二路由器。方法包括：将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中，若接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值，则停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求，并向第二路由器发送请求第三路由器工作的报文，供第二路由器通知第三路由器负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。其中，第三路由器为指定路由器群组中优先级仅次于第一路由器的路由器。

Description

组播用户接入方法、电子设备以及存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201910982467.3、申请日为2019年10月16日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此以引入方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信领域，特别涉及一种组播用户接入方法、电子设备以及存储介质。
背景技术
组播(Multicast)是一到多或者多到多的多方通信形式。若一个用户想要接收一个特定组播组的组播数据包，需要监听发往该组的所有数据包。为解决组播数据包的路径选择，用户需要通知其网络上的组播路由器所加入或离开的组，组播中采用因特网组管理协议(Internet Group Management Protocol，简称IGMP)来完成这一任务。这样，组播路由器就可以知道网络上是否存在组播组的成员，并由此决定是否向该网络转发组播数据包。当一个组播路由器收到一个组播数据包时，检查数据包的组播目的地址，向所有存在该组的成员的接口或下游路由器转发数据包。作为一种单播(Unicast)和广播(Broadcast)并列的通信方式，组播(Multicast)技术能够有效地解决单点发送、多点接收的问题，从而实现网络中点到多点的高效数据传送，能够节约网络带宽、降低网络负载。
发明人发现，相关技术中至少存在如下问题：全名网路协议电视(Internet Protocol Television，简称IPTV)、视频会议、直播等业务的发展对组播用户组的容量的要求越来越高，即，需要组播组连接的更多的用户。但是目前组播组可连接的用户数较少，导致在高峰期出现网页打不开、卡顿等现象。
发明内容
本申请实施方式的目的在于提供一种组播用户接入方法、电子设备以及存储介质。
本申请的实施方式提供了一种组播用户接入方法，应用于指定路由器群组中的第一路由器，指定路由器群组中还包括第二路由器，方法包括：将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。若接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值，则停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求，并向第 二路由器发送请求第三路由器工作的报文，供第二路由器通知第三路由器负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。其中，第三路由器为指定路由器群组中优先级仅次于第一路由器的路由器。
本申请的实施方式还提供了一种组播用户接入方法，应用于指定路由器群组中的第二路由器，方法包括：收集指定路由器群组中各路由器的信息，根据收集的各路由器的信息，确定第一路由器，其中，第一路由器用于将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中，并在接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值时，停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求。接收第一路由器发送的请求第三路由器工作的报文。其中，第一路由器在接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值时，发送报文，通知第三路由器负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。其中，第三路由器为指定路由器群组中优先级仅次于第一路由器的路由器。
本申请的实施方式还提供了一种电子设备，包括：至少一个处理器，以及，与至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器。其中，存储器存储有可被至少一个处理器执行的指令，指令被至少一个处理器执行，以使至少一个处理器能够执行上述的组播用户接入方法。
本申请的实施方式还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述的组播用户接入方法。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明，这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定。
图1是本申请的第一实施方式中的组播用户接入方法流程图；
图2是本申请的第一实施方式中指定路由器群组的结构示意图；
图3是本申请的第二实施方式中的第二路由器的选举流程图；
图4是本申请的第三实施方式中的组播用户接入方法流程图；
图5是本申请的第四实施方式中的电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请的各实施方式进行详细的阐述。然而，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，在本申请各实施方式中，为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是，即使没有这些技术细节和基于以下各实施方式的种种变化和修改，也可以实现本申请所要求保护的技术方案。以下各个实 施例的划分是为了描述方便，不应对本申请的具体实现方式构成任何限定，各个实施例在不矛盾的前提下可以相互结合相互引用。
本申请的第一实施方式涉及一种组播用户接入方法，应用于指定路由器(Designated Router，简称DR)群组中的第一路由器。其中，指定路由器群组由组播侧的多个路由器组成，第一路由器为组播侧的多个路由器中正在接收用户加入请求的路由器。在本实施方式中，第一路由器将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。若接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值，则停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求，并向第二路由器发送请求第三路由器工作的报文，供第二路由器通知第三路由器负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。使得组播连接的用户数达到阈值时，通知另一个路由器接收用户加入请求，而第一路由器仅需保活现在已连接的用户。下面对本实施方式的组播用户接入方法的实现细节进行具体的说明，以下内容仅为方便理解提供的实现细节，并非实施本方案的必须。具体流程如图1所示，包括：
步骤101，指定路由器群组中的第一路由器将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。
具体地说，在本实施方式中，通过预先建立一个组播用户侧指定路由器DR群组来达到扩充组播组成员的目的。该指定路由器群组包含多个路由器，各路由器可以通过选举的方式选举得到一个特殊路由器(即第二路由器)，在其余路由器中，确定出优先级最高的路由器作为第一路由器。在本步骤中，由第一路由器将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。在实际应用中，第一路由器在将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播后，还可以向接入到组播中的用户发送保活消息。
在一个具体的例子中，第二路由器可根据指定路由器群组中各路由器的优先级选举得到，即，第一路由器的优先级在指定路由器群组中仅次于第二路由器。若指定路由器群组中最高优先级的路由器的数量大于一个，则根据最高优先级的路由器的IP地址确定第二路由器，以确保可以选举得到唯一的一个路由器作为第二路由器。例如，可以选择IP地址更大的路由器作为第二路由器。实际操作时，也可以将IP地址更小的路由器作为第二路由器，在此不做限定。
选择优先级更高的路由器作为第二路由器，保证第二路由器能正常发挥调度作用，避免由于第二路由器的优先级较低，影响通知另一路由器进行工作，从而影响更多的用户进行连接的问题。
先比较指定路由器群组中路由器的优先级，如果根据路由器的优先级无法确定出唯一的第二路由器，则继续比较路由器的IP地址。提供了一种确定唯一的第二路由器的方法，避免存在多个第二路由器的情况下，第一路由器连接的用户数达到阈值后，多个第二路由器调度 另一路由器开始工作的过程出现紊乱的问题，有利于简化通知另一路由器开始工作的流程。
需要说明的是，在第一路由器将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中之前，组播侧各路由器需要被使能，以保证各路由器能够正常工作。然后，组播侧各路由器之间互相建立协议无关组播(Protocol Independent Multicast，简称PIM)邻居，然后组播侧各路由器会根据如上所述的选举规则选举出一个第二路由器。但是不仅限于上述的选举规则，在实际操作中，只要能够根据预设的选举规则选举出唯一的第二路由器即可。确定第二路由器之后，组播侧除第二路由器以外的路由器根据路由器的优先级以及IP地址确定出工作的顺序。组播侧中的第一路由器最先开始工作，那么它会接受用户的加入请求，然后将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中，并向接入到组播中的用户发送保活消息，该保活消息的类型可以是报文，在此不做限定，如果用户已与第一路由器建立连接，就会向第一路由器发送与该保活消息对应的相响应消息，从而达到保活已建立连接的用户的效果。
步骤102，判断接入到组播中的用户的数量是否达到预设阈值。若接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值，则进入步骤103；否则，回到步骤101。
在一个具体的例子中，每当第一路由器将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播，都会判断与自身建立连接的用户的数量是否到达预设阈值，预设阈值可以根据第一路由器的最大用户接入数设置，如将预设阈值设置为第一路由器的最大用户接入数，或者，将第一路由器的最大用户接入数和预设比例系数的乘积作为预设阈值。
步骤103，停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求，并向第二路由器发送请求第三路由器工作的报文。其中，第三路由器为指定路由器群组中优先级仅次于第一路由器的路由器。
在一个具体的例子中，假设预设阈值为10，当将第10个用户接入到组播后，会判断出接入到自身的用户的数量达到了10个，即，达到了预设阈值，则停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求，并向第二路由器发送请求第三路由器工作的报文。
需要说明的是，即使第一路由器停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求，它还是会继续向已与接入到组播的用户发送保活消息。另外，向第二路由器发送请求第三路由器工作的报文，是为了让第二路由器通知第三路由器负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。其中，第三路由器为指定路由器群组中优先级仅次于第一路由器的路由器。
在一个具体的例子中，存在一个组播组，其中包括一个指定路由器群组，如图2所示，该指定路由器群组中有多个路由器A、B、C和D。需要说明的是，实际操作中路由器的数量可以不仅限于4个，且指定路由器群组可以是路由器以及交换机共同构成，在此不做限定。其中，路由器B的优先级最高，路由器A的优先级仅次于路由器B，路由器C的优先级仅次 于路由器A，路由器D的优先级最低。即，A、B、C、D按照优先级从高到低排列为：B、A、C、D。因此，通过选举机制，将路由器B选举为第二路由器，在剩余的路由器中，将路由器B作为第一路由器，将路由器C作为第三路由器。
假设用户1要加入到该组播中，则用户1的主机向第一路由器A发送加入该组播的报文，比如IGMP报文，在此不做限定。需要说明的是，目的地址为该组播组的地址，主机加入某个组播组时发送的报文的类型包括0x16，在此不做限定。此时，首先由第一路由器A接收主机加入组播的报文请求，并将请求加入组播的主机接入到组播中。主机接入到该组播也意味着已经完成第一路由器A与该主机的连接建立，那么会将该主机加入到组播成员列表中。接着，第一路由器A会向已于自己建立连接的主机发送查询报文，即保活消息，该主机收到查询报文后，会返回与查询报文对应的响应报文，以证明主机还存在与该组播中，起到保活已与第一路由器A建立连接的主机的效果，第一路由器A开始工作后，路由器计数器数置为1。假设第一路由器A可接入的用户的数量预设阈值为10，当第一路由器A连接了10个主机时，就会停止接收主机加入该组播的请求，并向第二路由器B发送请求第三路由器C工作的报文，然后第二路由器B将第一路由器A发送的报文转发给第三路由器C，第三路由器C接收到第二路由器B发送的报文后开始工作，此时，路由器计数器数加1，即为2，表示当前有2个路由器正在工作。通过这种方式，能够知晓正在使用的路由器的数量，从而对路由器进行调配，充分利用闲置的路由器。由于第三路由器C工作时的流程与第一路由器A工作时的流程类似，即，当第三路由器C连接的主机的数量达到预设的阈值后，停止接收主机加入该组播的请求，并向第二路由器B发送请求第四路由器D工作的报文，然后第二路由器B将第三路由器C发送的报文转发给第四路由器D。除第二路由器B以外的其他路由器工作时的流程同理，在此不再赘述。
在本实施方式中，当通过第一路由器接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值时，第一路由器停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求，并向第二路由器发送请求第三路由器工作的报文，以供第二路由器通知第三路由器负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。保证始终有路由器来接收新用户的加入组播的请求，而连接的用户数达到阈值的路由器仅需保活现在已连接的用户，相比于在一些情形下只能指定其中一个路由器连接并保活用户来说，提高了可接入的用户数。
本申请的第二实施方式涉及一种组播用户接入方法。本申请第二实施方式中，第一路由器在将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播之前，会发送宣告消息，并接收指定路由器群组中其他路由器发送的宣告消息。其中，宣告消息中携带路由器的优先级以及IP地址。第一路由器 会将接收到的宣告消息中的优先级以及IP地址与自身的优先级以及IP地址进行比较，从而选举得到第二路由器。具体流程如图3所示，包括：
步骤201，发送携带有自身优先级以及IP地址的宣告消息，并接收指定路由器群组中其他路由器发送的宣告消息。
具体地说，指定路由器群组中各路由器都会发送携带有自身优先级以及IP地址的宣告消息，并接收其他路由器发送的宣告消息。
在一个具体的例子中，指定路由器群组中有多个路由器A、B、C和D。各路由器分别在指定路由器群组中发送携带有自身优先级以及IP地址的宣告消息。比如：路由器A会在指定路由器群组发送携带自身优先级和IP地址的宣告消息，也会接收到路由器B、C、D发送的分别携带它们自身优先级和IP地址的宣告消息。路由器B、路由器C、路由器D同理，在此不再赘述。
步骤202，判断自身优先级是否高于接收到的宣告消息中的优先级。若是，则进入步骤203；若否，进入步骤204。
具体地说，指定路由器群组中各路由器在接收到其他路由器发送的宣告消息后，会将接收到的宣告消息中的优先级与自身的优先级进行比较。
在一个具体的例子中，假设指定路由器群组中存在路由器A、路由器B以及路由器C，当路由器A接收到路由器B的宣告消息后，会将自身的优先级与路由器B的优先级进行比较。路由器B以及路由器C同理，在此不再赘述。
步骤203，将自身宣称为第二路由器。
需要说明的是，指定路由器群组中一定会存在一个路由器会发送宣告消息来将自己宣称为第二路由器。但是对于第一路由器，一定会存在一个高于或等于自身优先级的路由器。所以，第一路由器在判断自身优先级是否高于接收到的宣告消息中的优先级后，会继续判断自身优先级是否等于接收到的宣告消息中的优先级，即，进入步骤204。
步骤204，判断自身优先级是否等于接收到的宣告消息中的优先级；若是，则进入步骤205；若否，则进入步骤206。
在一个具体的例子中，假设指定路由器群组中存在路由器A、路由器B以及路由器C，且路由器B的优先级等于路由器A的优先级，那么路由器A将自身IP地址和接收到的宣告消息中的IP地址进行比较，即，进入步骤205。
步骤205，判断自身IP地址是否大于接收的宣告消息中的IP地址。若是，则进入步骤203；若否，则进入步骤206。
具体地说，指定路由器群组中各路由器在接收到其他路由器发送的宣告消息后，不仅会将接收到的宣告消息中的优先级与自身的优先级进行比较，还会将接收到的宣告消息中的IP地址与自身的IP地址进行比较。
步骤206，继续接收指定路由器群组中其他路由器发送的携带有优先级以及IP地址的宣告消息。
需要说明的是，本实施例中，如果指定路由器群组中的某一个路由器的自身IP地址大于宣告消息中的IP地址，则宣告自身为第二路由器，在实际操作中，也可以将条件设置为在自身IP地址小宣告消息中的IP地址时，宣告自身为第二路由器，在此不做限定，只要能够选举出唯一的第二路由器即可。
在一个具体的例子中，存在一个组播组，其中包括一个指定路由器群组。假设该指定路由器群组中有3个路由器A、B和C。路由器A、B、C分别发出宣告消息，用来宣告自己的优先级和IP地址。这里的宣告消息类型可以是Bootstrap消息，在此不做限定。假设路由器B接收到路由器A的宣告消息，会将路由器A的宣告消息中的优先级和自身优先级进行对比。如果路由器A的优先级比自身优先级高，则路由器B继续侦听其他路由器发出的宣告消息。如果路由器A的优先级与自身优先级相等，则将路由器A的IP地址和自身IP地址进行比较，如果路由器A的IP地址小于自身IP地址，则路由器B按照一定的周期发送自己为第二路由器的宣告消息。比如：每隔60s发送一次宣告消息，在实际操作中，周期也可以为30s、1min等，在此不做限定。宣告消息中仍然携带路由器B的优先级以及IP地址，使得路由器A和C知晓路由器B的IP地址以及优先级，从而向第二路由器B发送优先级和IP地址。
在一个具体的例子中，当第二路由器(如路由器B)被选举出来后，按照优先级将路由器A和路由器C进行排序，确定它们的工作的顺序。由于路由器A和C已经知晓路由器B为第二路由器，路由器A和C会分别向第二路由器B发送宣告消息，宣告消息包括优先级和IP地址，以供第二路由器B将路由器A和C的优先级以及IP地址编辑成候选路由器配置信息，并在指定路由器群组中宣告。
在本实施方式中，在将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中之前，第一路由器还要发送宣告消息，供指定路由器群组中的路由器选举得到第二路由器。提供了一种选举得到第二路由器的方法，保证只存在唯一的第二路由器。避免存在多个第二路由器的情况下，第一路由器连接的用户数达到阈值后，多个第二路由器调度另一路由器开始工作的过程出现紊乱的问题，有利于简化通知另一路由器开始工作的流程。在选举得到第二路由器后，再进入如图1所示的组播用户接入方法，在此不再赘述。
本申请的第三实施方式涉及一种组播用户接入方法，应用于指定路由器群组中的第二路由器。在本实施方式中，第二路由器收集指定路由器群组中各路由器的信息，根据收集的各路由器的信息，确定第一路由器。然后接收第一路由器发送的请求第三路由器工作的报文。并通知第三路由器负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。下面对本实施方式的组播用户接入方法的实现细节进行具体的说明，以下内容仅为方便理解提供的实现细节，并非实施本方案的必须。具体流程如图4所示，包括：
步骤301，收集指定路由器群组中各路由器的信息。
具体地说，各路由器的信息包括各路由器的优先级和IP地址。第二路由器将各路由器的优先级和IP地址编辑成候选路由器配置信息，在指定路由器群组中宣告候选路由器配置信息，供各路由器根据候选路由器配置信息，判断自身是否为第一路由器。
具体地说，指定路由器群组中各路由器分别发送宣告消息，宣告消息中携带自身的优先级以及IP地址，指定路由器群组中各路由器分别接收其他路由器发送的携带有优先级以及IP地址的宣告消息，并将接收到的宣告消息中的优先级与自身的优先级进行比较。如果自身的优先级较高，则将自身宣称为第二路由器。如果接收到的宣告消息中的优先级与自身的优先级相同，在一实施例中，根据宣告消息中的IP地址与自身的IP地址，决策是否将自身宣称为第二路由器，从而选举出唯一的第二路由器。
步骤302，根据收集的各路由器的信息，确定第一路由器。
具体地说，第一路由器用于将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中，并在接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值时，停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求。在实际应用中，第一路由器在将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播后，还可以向接入到组播中的用户发送保活消息。
在一个具体的例子中，存在一个组播组，其中包括一个指定路由器群组。假设该指定路由器群组中有3个路由器A、B和C。假设选举出路由器B为第二路由器，那么第二路由器B将收集路由器A和C的路由器信息，即，路由器A和C的优先级以及IP地址，从而确定路由器A与路由器C的工作顺序。第二路由器B将路由器A和C的路由器信息编辑成候选路由器配置信息。比如：可以选择将路由器A和C的路由器信息制成一张信息表，在此不做限定。然后将候选路由器配置信息在指定路由器群组中进行宣告，供各路由器根据候选路由器配置信息，判断自身是否为第一路由器。假设此时路由器A接收到候选路由器配置信息中路由器C的优先级以及IP地址，可以将自身的优先级与路由器C的优先级进行比较，如果大于路由器C的优先级，那么路由器A便知晓自身为第一路由器。
步骤303，接收第一路由器发送的请求第三路由器工作的报文。
具体地说，第一路由器在接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值时，发送请求第三路由器工作的报文。
步骤304，通知第三路由器负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。
具体地说，第三路由器为指定路由器群组中优先级仅次于第一路由器的路由器。
在一个具体的例子中，存在一个组播组，其中包括一个指定路由器群组。假设该指定路由器群组中有3个路由器A、B和C，其中A为第一路由器，B为第二路由器，C为第三路由器。假设第一路由器A可接入的用户的数量预设阈值为10，当第一路由器A连接了10个主机时，就会停止接收用户请求加入该组播的请求，并向第二路由器B发送请求第三路由器C工作的报文，然后第二路由器B将第一路由器A发送的报文转发给第三路由器C，从而通知第三路由器C开始工作，即，负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中。
在一实施例中，通知第三路由器开始工作后，路由器计数器数加1。在一个具体的例子中，存在一个组播组，其中包括一个指定路由器群组。假设该指定路由器群组中有3个路由器A、B和C，其中A为第一路由器，B为第二路由器，C为第三路由器。当第一路由器A开始工作后，路由器计数器数置为1。第一路由器A接入的用户数达到预设阈值后，向第二路由器B发送请求第三路由器开始工作的报文。第二路由器B接受到第一路由器A发送的报文，并转发给第三路由器C，此时路由器计数器数加1，即，此时路由器计数器数为2。通过这种方式，能够知晓正在使用的路由器的数量，从而对路由器进行调配，充分利用闲置的路由器。
在本实施方式中，第二路由器通过接收到的各路由器的信息，确定第一路由器，并通知第三路由器进行工作，实现始终有路由器接收用户的接入请求，并且保活已连接的用户，使得组播用户接入数增加。
上面各种方法的步骤划分，只是为了描述清楚，实现时可以合并为一个步骤或者对某些步骤进行拆分，分解为多个步骤，只要包括相同的逻辑关系，都在本专利的保护范围内；对算法中或者流程中添加无关紧要的修改或者引入无关紧要的设计，但不改变其算法和流程的核心设计都在该专利的保护范围内。
本申请第四实施方式涉及一种电子设备，如图5所示，包括：至少一个处理器401；以及，与至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器402。其中，存储器402存储有可被至少一个处理器401执行的指令，指令被至少一个处理器401执行，以使至少一个处理器401能够执行上述的组播用户接入方法。
其中，存储器402和处理器401采用总线方式连接，总线可以包括任意数量的互联的总 线和桥，总线将一个或多个处理器401和存储器402的各种电路连接在一起。总线还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路连接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口在总线和收发机之间提供接口。收发机可以是一个元件，也可以是多个元件，比如多个接收器和发送器，提供用于在传输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。经处理器401处理的数据通过天线在无线介质上进行传输，进一步，天线还接收数据并将数据传送给处理器401。
处理器401负责管理总线和通常的处理，还可以提供各种功能，包括定时，外围接口，电压调节、电源管理以及其他控制功能。而存储器402可以被用于存储处理器401在执行操作时所使用的数据。
本申请第五实施方式涉及一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序。计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述方法实施例。
即，本领域技术人员可以理解，实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，该程序存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一个设备(可以是单片机，芯片等)或处理器(processor)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
在本申请的实施方式中，组播组中指定路由器群组中的路由器之间形成优先级关系，一个路由器接入的用户数达到预设阈值的后，由下一优先级的另一个路由器继续接入新的用户。使得已连接用户的路由器只需对建立连接的用户进行保活，从而实现多个路由器连接用户并进行保活，相比于现有技术只能指定其中一个路由器连接并保活用户来说，提高了组播组可接入的用户数。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，上述各实施方式是实现本申请的具体实施例，而在实际应用中，可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变，而不偏离本申请的精神和范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种组播用户接入方法，其中，应用于指定路由器群组中的第一路由器；所述指定路由器群组中还包括第二路由器；所述方法包括：
    将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中；
    若所述接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值，则停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求，并向所述第二路由器发送请求第三路由器工作的报文，供所述第二路由器通知所述第三路由器负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中；
    其中，所述第三路由器为所述指定路由器群组中优先级仅次于所述第一路由器的路由器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的组播用户接入方法，其中，所述第一路由器的优先级在所述指定路由器群组中仅次于所述第二路由器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的组播用户接入方法，其中，所述第二路由器根据所述指定路由器群组中各路由器的优先级选举得到；
    其中，若所述指定路由器群组中最高优先级的路由器的数量大于一个，则根据最高优先级的路由器的IP地址确定所述第二路由器。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的组播用户接入方法，其中，所述将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中之前，还包括：
    发送宣告消息，所述宣告消息中携带自身的优先级以及IP地址，供所述指定路由器群组中各路由器选举得到所述第二路由器。
  5. 一种组播用户接入方法，其中，应用于指定路由器群组中的第二路由器，包括：
    收集所述指定路由器群组中各路由器的信息；
    根据收集的所述各路由器的信息，确定第一路由器；其中，所述第一路由器用于将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中，并在所述接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值时，停止接收用户请求加入组播的请求；
    接收所述第一路由器发送的请求第三路由器工作的报文；其中，所述第一路由器在所述接入到组播中的用户的数量达到预设阈值时，发送所述报文；
    通知所述第三路由器负责将请求加入组播的用户接入到组播中；其中，所述第三路由器为所述指定路由器群组中优先级仅次于所述第一路由器的路由器。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的组播用户接入方法，其中，所述各路由器的信息，包括各路由器的优先级和IP地址；
    所述根据收集的所述各路由器的信息，确定第一路由器，包括：
    将所述各路由器的优先级和IP地址编辑成候选路由器配置信息；
    在所述指定路由器群组中宣告所述候选路由器配置信息，供所述各路由器根据所述候选路由器配置信息，判断自身是否为所述第一路由器。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的组播用户接入方法，其中，所述第二路由器由所述指定路由器群组中各路由器通过以下方式选举得到：
    所述指定路由器群组中各路由器分别发送宣告消息，所述宣告消息中携带自身的优先级以及IP地址；
    所述指定路由器群组中各路由器分别接收其他路由器发送的携带有优先级以及IP地址的宣告消息，并将接收到的宣告消息中的优先级与所述自身的优先级进行比较，若所述自身的优先级较高，则将自身宣称为所述第二路由器；
    其中，若接收到的宣告消息中的优先级与所述自身的优先级相同，则根据宣告消息中的IP地址与自身的IP地址，决策是否将自身宣称为所述第二路由器。
  8. 一种电子设备，包括：
    至少一个处理器；以及，与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组播用户接入方法；或者，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行如权利要求5至7中任一项所述的组播用户接入方法。
  9. 一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组播用户接入方法；或者，被处理器执行时实现权利要求5至7中任一项所述的组播用户接入方法。
PCT/CN2020/114245 2019-10-16 2020-09-09 组播用户接入方法、电子设备以及存储介质 WO2021073318A1 (zh)

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