WO2021066642A1 - Method for plugging wellbores in the earth - Google Patents

Method for plugging wellbores in the earth Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021066642A1
WO2021066642A1 PCT/NL2020/050554 NL2020050554W WO2021066642A1 WO 2021066642 A1 WO2021066642 A1 WO 2021066642A1 NL 2020050554 W NL2020050554 W NL 2020050554W WO 2021066642 A1 WO2021066642 A1 WO 2021066642A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resin
wellbore
beads
downhole
mixture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2020/050554
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Willem Ipenburg
Gerbrand Jozef Maria Van Eijden
Gijsbert Henk Bakker
Original Assignee
Filoform B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Filoform B.V. filed Critical Filoform B.V.
Publication of WO2021066642A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021066642A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/44—Amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C08L63/04—Epoxynovolacs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for plugging well bores in the earth that were created for the extraction of natural resources such as oil and/or gas, water, and/or heat.
  • EP 3196402 teaches that such wellbores may have been created for the production of crude oil and/or natural gas from underground crude oil and/or natural gas containing strata. When these strata are depleted these wellbores have no further use, and are plugged and abandoned (P&A) in compliance with regulations and good industry practice. The objective of the plugging is to prevent undesired flow of fluids from stra ta via the wellbore into other strata and/or to the earth sur face.
  • P&A plugs may be set for permanent as well as for temporary abandonment of oil and/or gas production wells, the difference being the intent to re-enter the wellbore or not, and the to-be-abandoned wellbore can be vertical or inclined, and include metal components (tubulars), fluids (liquids, gas), as well as solids (rock particles, cement, solids sus pended or sagged from fluids).
  • a common practice for P&A is to lower a hollow cement injection conduit into the well bore and pump a cement slurry into the wellbore to form a sealing plug after hardening.
  • a number of such plugs are placed in combination with full or partial retrieval of installed components such as pro duction tubing, casings and/or liners.
  • EP 3196 402 identifies as a further problem that lowering a hollow injection conduit into the well requires a suitably strong work-unit. If there are obstructions in the well then it may be difficult to insert a hollow cement injec tion conduit into the well. The cement slurry may become con taminated during placement through the injection conduit, leading to an imperfect plug.
  • EP 3196 402 proposes a method for plugging a well bore in the earth, the method comprising:
  • the capsules comprise solids and/or fluids and/or gas to control plug gen eration processes downhole and final plug properties
  • at least some of the capsules comprise pyrotechnic plug gener ating material that is ignited by combusting the pyrotechnic material, thereby melting metallic well components and option ally surrounding soil to a fluidic lava type mixture, which generates after cooling a lava type seal of a desired length within the wellbore.
  • W099/43923 discloses a method for carrying out a well construction, repair and/or abandonment operations using an addition-curing silicone formulation, in particular for form ing a permanent plug in a well bore or in one or more subter ranean formations penetrated by the well bore by placing a mixture of cement and an addition-curing silicone formulation in said one or more subterranean formations or in said well bore at a desired location therein or placing an addition- curing silicone formulation on top of an existing non-gas tight plug and allowing the silicone formulation to set there by producing a gas tight plug.
  • a method for plugging an abandoned oil and/or gas production well-bore comprises providing a top seal plug down hole the wellbore, wherein the top seal plug is assembled as a mixture of a resin and spherical beads within the resin, wherein the mixture downhole the wellbore that provides the top seal plug is manufactured in one process selected from a first process and a second process, wherein the first process comprises manufacturing the mixture on the surface of the earth before providing it downhole the wellbore, and the sec ond process comprises manufacturing the mixture downhole the wellbore by first placing the spherical beads downhole the wellbore and subsequently adding the resin, or vice versa.
  • the top seal can thus be manufactured in different ways.
  • the mixture downhole the wellbore that provides the top seal plug is manufactured on the surface of the earth be fore providing it downhole the wellbore. This promotes the ease of providing the top seal, wherein adequate preparation time is available.
  • the mixture is manufactured essentially downhole the well-bore by first placing the spherical beads downhole the wellbore and subsequently adding the resin, or vice versa.
  • neighbouring beads within the resin con tact each other. Because the beads are trapped within the res in and the beads are aligned, the resin acts as the sealant of the plug, and no adhesion has to take place between the resin and the beads. This promotes the reliability of the sealant plug.
  • the beads further replace resin, the use of which is re Jerusalem in accordance with the amount of beads that are applied in the plug. The environmental burden of the method of the in vention is therefore limited.
  • the beauty of the invention is that the beads and the resin together form an essentially non-compressible plug.
  • the beads touch each other tightly and immovably fit together embedded within the resin, and cannot be considered as indi- vidually floating beads in the resin.
  • the resin serves as a fixating tool and to fill up the space between the beads.
  • the plug formed as a mixture of the beads and the resin is hardly shrinkable.
  • the shrinkage of the resin within said space is negligible.
  • the resin is a cross linked resin system, either a cold setting resin that sets with temperatures from 10-120°C, or a heat curing resin that sets with temperatures from 10-120°C.
  • the application of resin has the advantage that the cement related shrinkage as known from the prior art does not occur, whereas the suitable application of spherical beads prevents that the exothermic reaction that occurs during set ting of the resin will lead to unacceptable temperature rise, which would result in undesirable tensions in the hardened resin material.
  • An advantage of the application of the spheri cal beads is further that the shear strength of the top seal is improved.
  • An unconfined compressive strength test measuring stress vs strain shows that the plug according to the inven tion formed as a mixture of a resin and spherical beads within the resin will exhibit at least 5 times higher strain at fail ure than a conventional oil well cement.
  • the spherical beads are essen tially nonporous, non-swellable and non-compressible.
  • the spherical beads are therefore selected from the group com prising glass beads, metal beads, ceramic beads which suffi ciently provide these properties.
  • the resin is supplemented with a hardener to induce the setting of the resin, wherein the hardener is selected to arrange that set ting the resin is accomplished between 6 and 24 hours.
  • the spherical beads are provided with a catalyst coating to induce the setting of the resin.
  • the hardener is selected from the group com prising amines, amides, anhydrides, phenols.
  • the resin is provided with a first additive for increasing the density of said resin to a value of at least 1.3 kg/m 3 . With this density displacement of water downhole the wellbore is easily accomplished.
  • the first additive is selected from the group comprising bentonite, magnetite, limestone, mica, glass.
  • the resin is provided with a second additive for setting its viscosity in the range 100 tot 5000mPa.s at 20°C. This promotes the ease of pro cessing the resin.
  • the second additive is a thinner, preferably a reactive diluent, for example hexanediol.
  • the resin is an epoyy resin, pref erably a Novolac resin.
  • the invention will hereinafter be further elucidated with reference to a nonlimiting example of providing a top seal downhole a wellbore.
  • a permanent top seal plug has been provided downhole a wellbore at a 500 m depth, where conditions prevail of a 100 bar pressure and a temperature of 25°C.
  • Glass beads with a mean diameter of 3.5 mm were mixed with a resin of Novolac epoxy, which before mixing with the beads were provided with additives of bentonite and hex- anexdiol to arrange a density of the resin of 1.3 kg/m 3 and a viscosity suitably in the range 100 tot 5000mPa.s at 20°C.
  • the mixture of beads and resin was hardened using a low reactivity hardener, in this example Imiazolinic polyamide resulting in a potlife of 6 hours and a hardening time of less than 24 hours.
  • the mixture was pumped downhole the wellbore and left there to harden. After 24 hours the top seal plug was ready and com plete, without capillary cracks and without noticeable shrink age or temperature rise.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Abstract

A method for plugging an abandoned oil and/or gas production wellbore, the method comprising providing a top seal plug down-hole the wellbore, wherein the top seal plug is assembled as a mixture of a resin and spherical beads within the resin. The neighbouring beads within the resin contact each other. The resin is a cross linked resin system setting with temperatures from 10-120°C. The spherical beads are essentially nonporous, non-swellable and non-compressible.

Description

Method for plugging wellbores in the earth
The invention relates to a method for plugging well bores in the earth that were created for the extraction of natural resources such as oil and/or gas, water, and/or heat.
EP 3196402 teaches that such wellbores may have been created for the production of crude oil and/or natural gas from underground crude oil and/or natural gas containing strata. When these strata are depleted these wellbores have no further use, and are plugged and abandoned (P&A) in compliance with regulations and good industry practice. The objective of the plugging is to prevent undesired flow of fluids from stra ta via the wellbore into other strata and/or to the earth sur face.
P&A plugs may be set for permanent as well as for temporary abandonment of oil and/or gas production wells, the difference being the intent to re-enter the wellbore or not, and the to-be-abandoned wellbore can be vertical or inclined, and include metal components (tubulars), fluids (liquids, gas), as well as solids (rock particles, cement, solids sus pended or sagged from fluids).
A common practice for P&A is to lower a hollow cement injection conduit into the well bore and pump a cement slurry into the wellbore to form a sealing plug after hardening. Usu ally a number of such plugs are placed in combination with full or partial retrieval of installed components such as pro duction tubing, casings and/or liners.
This conventional P&A suffers from several problems, one of which is shrinkage of the cement plug after placement leading to leakage of oil and gas. The article Why oil wells leak: cement behaviour and long-term consequences, by Maurice B. Dusseault, SPE, Porous Media Research Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, SPE International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China, Beijing China, 7 - 10 No vember 2000, discusses explanatory mechanisms for oil well leakage such as channelling, poor cake removal, shrinkage, and high cement permeability. The reason is probably cement shrinkage that leads to circumferential fractures that are propagated upward by the slow accumulation of gas and the pressure behind casing. Assuming this hypothesis is robust, it must lead to better practice and better cement formulations.
EP 3196 402 identifies as a further problem that lowering a hollow injection conduit into the well requires a suitably strong work-unit. If there are obstructions in the well then it may be difficult to insert a hollow cement injec tion conduit into the well. The cement slurry may become con taminated during placement through the injection conduit, leading to an imperfect plug.
EP 3196 402 proposes a method for plugging a well bore in the earth, the method comprising:
- providing capsules containing plug generating material, which filled capsules have a larger density than a fluid with in the wellbore;
- dropping the filled capsules into the wellbore at selected time intervals of at least 5, 10, 20, 30 or 60 seconds;
- inducing the filled capsules to accumulate above a downhole barrier in the wellbore;
- inducing the accumulated capsules to disintegrate and to re lease the plug generating material into the wellbore; and
- inducing the released plug generating material to generate a fluid tight barrier of a desired length and radial extent within the wellbore, wherein at least some of the capsules comprise solids and/or fluids and/or gas to control plug gen eration processes downhole and final plug properties, wherein at least some of the capsules comprise pyrotechnic plug gener ating material that is ignited by combusting the pyrotechnic material, thereby melting metallic well components and option ally surrounding soil to a fluidic lava type mixture, which generates after cooling a lava type seal of a desired length within the wellbore.
W099/43923 discloses a method for carrying out a well construction, repair and/or abandonment operations using an addition-curing silicone formulation, in particular for form ing a permanent plug in a well bore or in one or more subter ranean formations penetrated by the well bore by placing a mixture of cement and an addition-curing silicone formulation in said one or more subterranean formations or in said well bore at a desired location therein or placing an addition- curing silicone formulation on top of an existing non-gas tight plug and allowing the silicone formulation to set there by producing a gas tight plug.
According to the invention a method for plugging an abandoned oil and/or gas production well-bore is proposed, where in the method comprises providing a top seal plug down hole the wellbore, wherein the top seal plug is assembled as a mixture of a resin and spherical beads within the resin, wherein the mixture downhole the wellbore that provides the top seal plug is manufactured in one process selected from a first process and a second process, wherein the first process comprises manufacturing the mixture on the surface of the earth before providing it downhole the wellbore, and the sec ond process comprises manufacturing the mixture downhole the wellbore by first placing the spherical beads downhole the wellbore and subsequently adding the resin, or vice versa.
According to the invention the top seal can thus be manufactured in different ways. In one embodiment of the in vention the mixture downhole the wellbore that provides the top seal plug is manufactured on the surface of the earth be fore providing it downhole the wellbore. This promotes the ease of providing the top seal, wherein adequate preparation time is available. In another embodiment of the invention the mixture is manufactured essentially downhole the well-bore by first placing the spherical beads downhole the wellbore and subsequently adding the resin, or vice versa.
Preferably neighbouring beads within the resin con tact each other. Because the beads are trapped within the res in and the beads are aligned, the resin acts as the sealant of the plug, and no adhesion has to take place between the resin and the beads. This promotes the reliability of the sealant plug. The beads further replace resin, the use of which is re duced in accordance with the amount of beads that are applied in the plug. The environmental burden of the method of the in vention is therefore limited.
The beauty of the invention is that the beads and the resin together form an essentially non-compressible plug.
The beads touch each other tightly and immovably fit together embedded within the resin, and cannot be considered as indi- vidually floating beads in the resin. The resin serves as a fixating tool and to fill up the space between the beads. As a consequence the plug formed as a mixture of the beads and the resin is hardly shrinkable. As the space between the beads is relatively small, the shrinkage of the resin within said space is negligible.
Preferably the resin is a cross linked resin system, either a cold setting resin that sets with temperatures from 10-120°C, or a heat curing resin that sets with temperatures from 10-120°C.
The application of resin has the advantage that the cement related shrinkage as known from the prior art does not occur, whereas the suitable application of spherical beads prevents that the exothermic reaction that occurs during set ting of the resin will lead to unacceptable temperature rise, which would result in undesirable tensions in the hardened resin material. An advantage of the application of the spheri cal beads is further that the shear strength of the top seal is improved. An unconfined compressive strength test measuring stress vs strain shows that the plug according to the inven tion formed as a mixture of a resin and spherical beads within the resin will exhibit at least 5 times higher strain at fail ure than a conventional oil well cement.
It is desirable that the spherical beads are essen tially nonporous, non-swellable and non-compressible. Suitably the spherical beads are therefore selected from the group com prising glass beads, metal beads, ceramic beads which suffi ciently provide these properties.
As a suitable compromise between speediness at which a wellbore can be plugged and abandoned, and the formation of capillary cracks can be avoided it is preferred that the resin is supplemented with a hardener to induce the setting of the resin, wherein the hardener is selected to arrange that set ting the resin is accomplished between 6 and 24 hours.
In one embodiment the spherical beads are provided with a catalyst coating to induce the setting of the resin.
Suitably the hardener is selected from the group com prising amines, amides, anhydrides, phenols.
It is preferable that the resin is provided with a first additive for increasing the density of said resin to a value of at least 1.3 kg/m3. With this density displacement of water downhole the wellbore is easily accomplished.
Suitably the first additive is selected from the group comprising bentonite, magnetite, limestone, mica, glass.
It is further preferred that the resin is provided with a second additive for setting its viscosity in the range 100 tot 5000mPa.s at 20°C. This promotes the ease of pro cessing the resin. Suitably the second additive is a thinner, preferably a reactive diluent, for example hexanediol.
Desirably further the resin is an epoyy resin, pref erably a Novolac resin.
The invention will hereinafter be further elucidated with reference to a nonlimiting example of providing a top seal downhole a wellbore.
Example
A permanent top seal plug has been provided downhole a wellbore at a 500 m depth, where conditions prevail of a 100 bar pressure and a temperature of 25°C.
Glass beads with a mean diameter of 3.5 mm were mixed with a resin of Novolac epoxy, which before mixing with the beads were provided with additives of bentonite and hex- anexdiol to arrange a density of the resin of 1.3 kg/m3 and a viscosity suitably in the range 100 tot 5000mPa.s at 20°C. The mixture of beads and resin was hardened using a low reactivity hardener, in this example Imiazolinic polyamide resulting in a potlife of 6 hours and a hardening time of less than 24 hours. The mixture was pumped downhole the wellbore and left there to harden. After 24 hours the top seal plug was ready and com plete, without capillary cracks and without noticeable shrink age or temperature rise.
Although the invention has been discussed in the foregoing with reference to an exemplary embodiment of the method of the invention, the invention is not restricted to this particular embodiment which can be varied in many ways without departing from the invention. The discussed exemplary embodiment shall therefore not be used to construe the append ed claims strictly in accordance therewith. On the contrary the embodiment is merely intended to explain the wording of the appended claims without intent to limit the claims to this exemplary embodiment. The scope of protection of the invention shall therefore be construed in accordance with the appended claims only, wherein a possible ambiguity in the wording of the claims shall be resolved using this exemplary embodiment.

Claims

1. A method for plugging an abandoned oil and/or gas production wellbore, the method comprising providing a top seal plug downhole the wellbore, wherein the top seal plug is assembled as a mixture of a resin and spherical beads within the resin, characterized in that the mixture downhole the wellbore that provides the top seal plug is manufactured in one process selected from a first process and a second pro cess, wherein the first process comprises manufacturing the mixture on the surface of the earth before providing it down hole the wellbore, and the second process comprises manufac turing the mixture downhole the wellbore by first placing the spherical beads downhole the wellbore and subsequently adding the resin, or vice versa.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that neighbouring beads within the resin contact each other.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the resin is a cross linked resin system setting with temperatures from 10-120°C.
4. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 3, char acterized in that the spherical beads are essentially nonpo- rous, non-swellable and non-compressible.
5. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 4, char acterized in that the spherical beads are selected from the group comprising glass beads, metal beads, ceramic beads.
6. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 5, char acterized in that the resin is supplemented with a hardener to induce the setting of the resin, wherein the hardener is se lected to arrange that setting the resin is accomplished be tween 6 and 24 hours.
7. Method according to any one of claims 6, charac terized in that the spherical beads are provided with a cata lyst coating to induce the setting of the resin.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the hardener is selected from the group comprising amines, amides, anhydrides, phenols.
9. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 8, char acterized in that the resin is provided with a first additive for increasing the density of said resin to a value of at least 1.3 kg/m3 .
10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the first additive is selected from the group comprising bentonite, magnetite, limestone, mica, glass.
11. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 10, characterized in that the resin is provided with a second ad ditive for setting its viscosity to a value in the range of 100 tot 5000mPa.s at 20°C.
12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the second additive is a thinner, preferably a reactive diluent, more preferably hexanediol.
13. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 12, characterized in that the resin is an epoyy resin, preferably a Novolac resin.
PCT/NL2020/050554 2019-10-02 2020-09-08 Method for plugging wellbores in the earth WO2021066642A1 (en)

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NL2023940A NL2023940B1 (en) 2019-10-02 2019-10-02 Method for plugging wellbores in the earth
NL2023940 2019-10-02

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Cited By (1)

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US11661815B1 (en) 2022-06-06 2023-05-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Resins for repair of well integrity issues

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US6082456A (en) * 1996-10-25 2000-07-04 Wecem As Means and method for the preparation of sealings in oil and gas wells
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US5712341A (en) * 1994-09-19 1998-01-27 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Preparation of mixtures of high molecular weight polyisobutylene and thermoplastic polymers
US6082456A (en) * 1996-10-25 2000-07-04 Wecem As Means and method for the preparation of sealings in oil and gas wells
WO1999043923A1 (en) 1998-02-26 1999-09-02 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Compositions for use in well construction, repair and/or abandonment
US7662755B2 (en) * 2003-05-13 2010-02-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Sealant compositions and methods of using the same to isolate a subterranean zone from a disposal well
EP2379838B1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2013-02-20 IFP Energies nouvelles Method for blocking a storage well
WO2016043979A1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2016-03-24 Dow Global Technologies Llc Thermosetting composition for use as lost circulation material
US20180148624A1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2018-05-31 Basf Se Use of a composition for stabilizing a geological formation in oil fields, gas fields, water pumping fields, mining or tunnel constructions
US20180163121A1 (en) * 2015-07-07 2018-06-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Plugging and abandoning a well using extended-life cement compositions
WO2017048707A1 (en) * 2015-09-14 2017-03-23 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Pendant epoxide polymers and methods of treating subterranean formations
EP3196402A1 (en) 2016-01-22 2017-07-26 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Plugging to-be-abandoned wellbores in the earth
US20190162051A1 (en) * 2016-04-06 2019-05-30 Colton Garrett HOFFMAN An in-situ system for mixing two or more chemical components downhole in a wellbore and a method employing same
US20180127638A1 (en) * 2016-11-07 2018-05-10 Covestro Llc Time released delivery of functional chemicals

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HALLIBURTON: "Cementing Spherelite(TM) Cement Additive Spherelite(TM) Cement Additive-Product Properties", 31 December 2007 (2007-12-31), pages 1 - 2, XP055743386, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.halliburton.com/content/dam/ps/public/cem/contents/Chem_Compliance/web/H01516.pdf> [retrieved on 20201023] *
MAURICE B. DUSSEAULT: "Why oil wells leak: cement behaviour and long-term consequences", SPE INTERNATIONAL OIL AND GAS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION IN CHINA, BEIJING CHINA, 7 November 2000 (2000-11-07)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11661815B1 (en) 2022-06-06 2023-05-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Resins for repair of well integrity issues

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