WO2021062464A1 - System for monitoring a multiple earth neutral (men) link - Google Patents
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- WO2021062464A1 WO2021062464A1 PCT/AU2020/051033 AU2020051033W WO2021062464A1 WO 2021062464 A1 WO2021062464 A1 WO 2021062464A1 AU 2020051033 W AU2020051033 W AU 2020051033W WO 2021062464 A1 WO2021062464 A1 WO 2021062464A1
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- men
- data input
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- channel connected
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002498 deadly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
- H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
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- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
- G01R19/2513—Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging
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- G08C19/025—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage using fixed values of magnitude of current or voltage
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- H02H3/28—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus
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- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
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- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
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- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/34—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system
- H02H3/347—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system using summation current transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
- H02J13/00017—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus using optical fiber
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/30—State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to electrical systems including protective Multiple Earth Neutral (MEN) links, and in particular to a system for monitoring the operating effectiveness of a MEN link and related switchboard circuitry.
- MEN Multiple Earth Neutral
- MEN Multiple Earth Neutral
- An MEN system generally employs a circuit’s neutral conductor for receiving fault currents.
- a fault occurs that directs current from an active circuit component to a grounded component
- the MEN system ensures that the fault current is directed to the switchboard through a low impedance MEN link circuit element. Without the MEN link, the fault current would generally be directed into the ground, where the impedance can be unacceptably high.
- Such high impedance can reduce the magnitude of the fault current so that the protective circuit elements of the switchboard do not operate, leaving a potentially dangerous and or deadly voltage present on metal enclosures in electrical contact with the faulty circuit.
- MEN link the ongoing operational effectiveness of a MEN link can be difficult, inconvenient and/or expensive to monitor, as switchboards may remain uninspected for long periods of time during which system degradation due to mechanical damage, corrosion, or unauthorised or hazardous modifications may undermine the safety and effectiveness of a MEN link.
- the invention resides in system for monitoring a multiple earth neutral (MEN) link, comprising: a switchboard connected to a mains power supply via an active power line and a neutral line; a MEN link connected to the neutral line and to an earthing conductor; an energy storage system connected to the switchboard; and a hardware interface comprising: a first communication link to an external network; a second communication link to the energy storage system; a first data input channel connected to the earthing conductor; a second data input channel connected to the MEN link; a third data input channel connected to the neutral line; and a fourth data input channel connected to the active power line; wherein the first communication link is enabled to transmit status signals concerning the energy storage system and the MEN link.
- MEN multiple earth neutral
- At least one of the first, second, third and fourth data input channels are connected to a power quality sensor.
- the power quality sensor outputs current and voltage signals.
- the hardware interface further comprises a computer processor for processing signals from at least one of the first, second, third and fourth data input channels.
- the fourth data input channel connected to the active power line transmits a power line feed signal.
- the third data input channel connected to the neutral line transmits a neutral line power signal.
- the first data input channel connected to the earth line transmits a current value and direction signal.
- the second data input channel connected to the MEN link transmits a current value and direction signal.
- the direction signal of the second data input channel connected to the MEN link is compared with a current direction signal of a MEN link of a neighbouring property.
- the energy storage system comprises a battery, a battery inverter and a solar power inverter.
- at least one of the first and second communication links is a wireless communication link.
- the hardware interface is a single, integrated electronic device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for monitoring an energy storage system and a MEN link, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of an example of the energy storage system of the system of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of the hardware interface of the system of FIG. 1.
- the present invention relates to an improved system for monitoring a multiple earth neutral (MEN) link.
- MEN multiple earth neutral
- adjectives such as first and second, left and right, above and below, top and bottom, upper and lower, rear, front and side, etc., are used solely to define one element or method step from another element or method step without necessarily requiring a specific relative position or sequence that is described by the adjectives.
- Words such as “comprises” or “includes” are not used to define an exclusive set of elements or method steps. Rather, such words merely define a minimum set of elements or method steps included in a particular embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention is defined as a system for monitoring a multiple earth neutral (MEN) link, comprising: a switchboard connected to a mains power supply via an active power line and a neutral line; a MEN link connected to the neutral line and to an earthing conductor; an energy storage system connected to the switchboard; and a hardware interface comprising: a first communication link to an external network; a second communication link to the energy storage system; a first data input channel connected to the earthing conductor; a second data input channel connected to the MEN link; a third data input channel connected to the neutral line; and a fourth data input channel connected to the active power line; wherein the first communication link is enabled to transmit status signals concerning the energy storage system and the MEN link.
- MEN multiple earth neutral
- Advantages of some embodiments of the present invention include a system that enables the improved safety of electrical switchboards installed in buildings and other locations. Real time monitoring of a MEN link can ensure that any relevant increase in impedance concerning the MEN link, whether due to improper installation or maintenance, mechanical damage, corrosion, or unauthorised or hazardous modifications, can be quickly alerted and corrected.
- some embodiments of the present invention enable use of a single hardware interface to achieve real time monitoring of both the energy storage system and the MEN link. Further, other elements of a switchboard also can be monitored in real time, including active, neutral and ground lines, and trends in impedance value changes over time can enable early detection and correction of deteriorating system conditions due for example to corrosion or loosening of wired connections.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system 100 for monitoring an energy storage system 105 and a MEN link 110.
- External power lines 115 from a mains or utility power supply are shown extending to a switchboard 120, such as a circuit breaker panel in a home. Both an active power line 125 and a neutral line 130 are connected to the switchboard 120, as is known in the art.
- the energy storage system 105 is also hard wired to the switchboard 120 via a connection 133.
- the MEN link 110 includes an earthed grounding connection 135 through a shunt 140, and is monitored by a power quality sensor 143.
- the shunt 140 enables measurement of the impedance of the MEN link 110.
- a hardware interface 145 is generally mounted on or near the switchboard 120.
- the hardware interface 145 includes the following: a first data input point 150 connected to the earthed grounding connection 135 through a power quality sensor 155; a second data input point 160 connected to the power quality sensor 143 and shunt 140; a third data input point 165 connected to the neutral line 130 through a power quality sensor 170; a fourth data input point 175 connected to the active power line 125 through a power quality sensor 177; a first communication link 180 connected to an external network 183 via a wireless transceiver 185; and a second communication link 187 connected to the energy storage system 105.
- the first and second communication links 180, 187 are generally wireless links, such as WiFi links, but wired links and various alternative wireless communication protocols also can be used.
- the external network 183 generally can be the Internet or an alternative proprietary or public communication network.
- a monitoring station 189 receives data concerning the system 100 from the hardware interface 145 and transmits status reports and alerts to customers, such as the owner of a residence at which the switchboard 120, hardware interface 145 and energy storage system 105 are installed.
- the monitoring station 189 may be affiliated with an installer or manufacturer of the energy storage system 105.
- the hardware interface 145 is enabled to monitor the operating integrity of the system 100. For example, using the first data input point 150 the interface 145 can monitor the earthed grounding connection 135 for imbalance and a direction of any resultant energy flows. Using the second data input point 160 the interface 145 can monitor for any imbalance concerning the MEN link 110 and the direction of any resultant energy flows. Using the third data input point 165 the interface 145 can monitor for any imbalance concerning the neutral line 130. Using the fourth data input point 175 the interface 145 can monitor in real time the active power line 125 and line feed parameters concerning the feed into the customer’s premises.
- Real time monitoring by the interface 145 enables improved and comprehensive reporting to a customer concerning the safety and operation of the switchboard 120 and the local electrical circuitry and appliances connected to the switchboard 120, including the energy storage system 105 and the MEN link 110.
- the interface 145 detects voltage and current in the active power line 125 and in the neutral line 130, and detecting voltage, current and current direction in the MEN link 110 and earthed grounding connection 135. Normal operation of the system 100 requires the ratio of the active current and neutral current to be less than 1 ; whereas a fault condition is detected if the ratio of the active current and neutral current is greater than 1. Further, the neutral line 130 is determined to be open if its current flow drops to zero and fault current flows via the earthed grounding connection 135. Also, fault detection for a broken earth connection is detected if the ratio of the active current and neutral current is one. [0038] According to some embodiments, data from additional switchboards 190, 195 installed at neighbouring properties, such as adjacent houses on a same street, is also transmitted to the wireless transceiver 185 using a known wireless communication protocol.
- MEN link By simultaneously monitoring multiple neighbouring properties, additional data integrity and intelligence concerning the monitored systems can be obtained. For example, when premises with contiguous boundaries are monitored, the location of a fault in a MEN link, neutral line or active line can be pinpointed by comparing the direction and magnitude of current flow at each premise’s MEN link. Variations in data due to weather events also can be corrected.
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of an example of the energy storage system 105 of the system 100, according to some embodiments.
- the system 105 includes a housing 205 covering a plurality of batteries 210, having for example voltage and energy specifications of 48 V, 3.3kWh or 6.5kWh or greater.
- Solar and battery inverters 210, 215 convert variable direct current outputs of a photovoltaic solar panel (not shown) or the batteries 210 into a utility frequency alternating current that can be fed into the power lines 115 of the local electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network serviced through the switchboard 120.
- Vents 220 assist in keeping the interior of the housing 205 within a desired operating temperature range.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of the hardware interface 145 of the system 100, according to some embodiments.
- each of the first, second, third and fourth data input points 150, 160, 165, 175 comprise a pair of 4-20 mA and/r 0-5 V analogue inputs for receiving the various data signals from the corresponding power quality sensors 155, 143, 170, 177, respectively.
- the interface 145 further includes a computer processor 300 for processing signals received at the interface 145 and instructing output signals transmitted from the interface 145. Such signals also can be further processed at the monitoring station 189.
- the monitoring station 189 determines if any unsafe conditions are present in the circuitry associated with the switchboard 120. If an unsafe condition is detected, the monitoring station 189 can immediately send alerts to a customer or automatically dispatch a technician to the relevant premises.
- Modbus over Ethernet facilitates a structured addressable table for swapping of information/control data.
- MEN link as defined in the present specification is functionally equivalent to corresponding neutral-earth concepts used in other jurisdictions, including Protective Multiple Earthing (PME) systems in the United Kingdom, and Multi- Grounded Neutral (MGN) systems in North America.
- PME Protective Multiple Earthing
- MGN Multi- Grounded Neutral
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2020359663A AU2020359663A1 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2020-09-28 | System for monitoring a multiple earth neutral (MEN) link |
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US5565783A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-10-15 | Pacific Gas And Electric Company | Fault sensor device with radio transceiver |
US20090076749A1 (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2009-03-19 | Edsa Micro Corporation | Electrical power system modeling, design, analysis, and reporting via a client-server application framework |
AU2010100428A4 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-07-22 | Landis & Gyr Pty Ltd | Method and Apparatus for Power Supply Fault Detection |
AU2010202907A1 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2010-07-29 | Powersense A/S | A method of communicating between a master unit and monitoring units monitoring an electrical power supply grid |
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2020
- 2020-09-28 WO PCT/AU2020/051033 patent/WO2021062464A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-09-28 AU AU2020359663A patent/AU2020359663A1/en active Pending
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US5565783A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-10-15 | Pacific Gas And Electric Company | Fault sensor device with radio transceiver |
AU2010202907A1 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2010-07-29 | Powersense A/S | A method of communicating between a master unit and monitoring units monitoring an electrical power supply grid |
US20090076749A1 (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2009-03-19 | Edsa Micro Corporation | Electrical power system modeling, design, analysis, and reporting via a client-server application framework |
AU2010100428A4 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-07-22 | Landis & Gyr Pty Ltd | Method and Apparatus for Power Supply Fault Detection |
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Title |
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AUSGRID: "Network Standard, NS116 Design Standards for Distribution Equipment Earthing, Document No NW000-S0051", AUSGRID - NW000-S0051, 22 June 2019 (2019-06-22), pages 1 - 60, XP055811471, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.ausgrid.com.au/-/media/Documents/Technical-Documentation/NS/NS116.pdf> * |
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