WO2021057997A1 - Data monitoring method of sniffer, sniffer, storage medium and terminal - Google Patents

Abstract

A data monitoring method of a sniffer, a sniffer, a storage medium and a terminal. The sniffer comprises: a plurality of physical layer functional units, each of the physical layer functional units being configured to receive a data packet of a link corresponding thereto; a synchronization processing unit, configured to maintain the link synchronization of each of the link; and a data combination processing unit, configured to integrate the data packets of each of the links and analyze the integrated data packets. The sniffer of the present invention can acquire data packets of a plurality of links.

Description

Data monitoring method of sniffer and sniffer, storage medium and terminal

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the Chinese Patent Office on September 29, 2019, the application number is 201910934042.5, and the invention title is "Sniffer's data monitoring method and sniffer, storage medium, and terminal". The entire content is incorporated into this application by reference.

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, in particular to a data monitoring method of a sniffer, a sniffer, a storage medium, and a terminal.

Background technique

Sniffer is often used in wireless local area network (Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN for short) testing. The traditional WLAN sniffer design is mainly used for half-duplex communication, which has played a very helpful role in debugging and optimizing WLAN equipment.

In the traditional Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11, IEEE802.11) protocol (for example, the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) protocol), only a single link system is defined , The discussion of multi-link systems began in the developing 802.11be.

Currently, there is a lack of a sniffer solution suitable for multi-link communication scenarios. The ability of a sniffer to be used in a multi-link communication system has become one of the challenges we need to face.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem solved by the present invention is how the sniffer can obtain data packets of multiple links synchronously in time, and integrate the data packets of each link to provide users with required information.

In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sniffer, including: a plurality of physical layer functional units, each of the physical layer functional units is used to receive data packets of the link corresponding to the physical layer functional unit; The synchronization processing unit is used to maintain link synchronization of each of the links; the data combination processing unit is used to integrate the data packets of each of the links and analyze the integrated data packets.

Optionally, the sniffer further includes: a plurality of LMAC layer functional units, each of the LMAC layer functional units is used to receive and process data packets uploaded by each of the physical layer functional units, the LMAC functional unit There is a one-to-one correspondence with the physical layer functional units.

Optionally, the sniffer further includes: at least one MAC layer functional unit, and the MAC layer functional unit is configured to receive and process data packets uploaded by the multiple LMAC layer functional units.

Optionally, the data combination processing unit sorts all data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit according to the sequence number of each data packet; or, the data combination processing unit sorts all data packets according to the receiving time of each data packet All data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit are sorted.

Optionally, the data combination processing unit analyzes the sorted data packets and provides a statistical analysis report. The statistical analysis report includes one or more of the following analysis results: the delay of each link, each The throughput of the link and the transmission failure probability of each of the links.

Optionally, the data combination processing unit screens and sorts all the data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit according to the sequence number of each data packet; or, the data combination processing unit selects the data packets received according to each data packet. All data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit are filtered and sorted in time.

In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a data monitoring method for a sniffer, including: determining multiple links; performing link synchronization on the multiple links, and receiving on the obtained synchronization link The data packets respectively transmitted by the multiple links; the data packets of the multiple links are integrated, and the integrated data packets are analyzed.

Optionally, the integrating the data packets of the multiple links includes: for the received data packets of the multiple links, sorting all the data packets according to the sequence number of each of the data packets, In order to obtain the sorted data packets; or, sort all the data packets according to the receiving time of each data packet to obtain the sorted data packets.

Optionally, the integration of the data packets of the multiple links includes: for the received data packets of the multiple links, screening all the data packets according to the sequence number of each of the data packets, Sorting to obtain sorted data packets; or, filtering and sorting all the data packets according to the receiving time of each data packet to obtain the sorted data packets.

Optionally, the analyzing the integrated data packet includes: analyzing the sorted data packet and providing a statistical analysis report, the statistical analysis report including one or more of the following analysis results: The delay of the road, the throughput of each of the links, and the transmission failure probability of each of the links.

In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a storage medium on which computer instructions are stored, and the computer instructions execute the steps of the data monitoring method of the sniffer when the computer instructions are executed.

To solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a terminal, and the terminal includes the above-mentioned sniffer.

Compared with the prior art, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

The embodiment of the present invention provides a sniffer, including: a plurality of physical layer functional units, each of the physical layer functional units is used to receive data packets of the link corresponding to the physical layer functional unit; a synchronization processing unit is used to Maintain the link synchronization of each of the links; a data combination processing unit is used to integrate the data packets of each of the links and analyze the integrated data packets. The sniffer provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to a WLAN multi-link communication system, using multiple physical layer functional units to receive data packets of each link, and based on a synchronization processing unit, so that each received by the sniffer The data packets of the link are at the same reference time, which is beneficial for the data combination processing unit to integrate the data packets transmitted by each link, so that a complete multi-link sniffer information report can be obtained, or links of different basic service sets can be obtained. Sniffer information report.

Further, the sniffer further includes: at least one MAC layer functional unit, and the MAC layer functional unit is configured to receive and process data packets uploaded by the multiple LMAC layer functional units. If each physical layer functional unit is associated with a MAC layer functional unit, the sniffer provided in the embodiment of the present invention can reuse the hardware of the single-link WLAN device. If multiple physical layer functional units are associated with the same MAC layer functional unit, the sniffer provided by the embodiment of the present invention can reuse the hardware of the multi-link WLAN device. Therefore, the sniffer provided by the embodiment of the present invention can not only provide In addition to data collection and analysis of multiple WLAN links, it also has the advantages of easy implementation and low manufacturing cost.

Further, the data combination processing unit screens and sorts all the data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit according to the sequence number of each data packet; or, the data combination processing unit performs data analysis according to the receiving time of each data packet All data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit are filtered and sorted. In the embodiment of the present invention, the data combination processing unit can perform analysis tasks such as screening, sorting, etc., which is beneficial to obtaining a complete multi-link sniffer information report.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sniffer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of the sniffer shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another specific structure of the sniffer shown in Fig. 1;

4 is a schematic flowchart of a data monitoring method for a sniffer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of data monitoring by a sniffer in a typical scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of data packet interaction based on different links according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is another schematic diagram of data packet interaction based on different links according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of data monitoring by a sniffer in another typical scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is another schematic diagram of data packet interaction based on different links according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is another schematic diagram of data packet interaction based on different links according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

As mentioned in the background art, the prior art lacks a multi-link sniffer suitable for multi-link systems.

Currently, sniffer has been frequently used in WLAN testing. Existing typical sniffers can be obtained by modifying software and reusing WLAN hardware, and generally support single-link system testing. Currently, there is no multi-link sniffer that can monitor multiple independent basic service sets (Basic Service Set, BSS for short), and no multi-link sniffer that can support the WLAN multi-link system.

The embodiment of the present invention provides a sniffer, including: a plurality of physical layer functional units, each of the physical layer functional units is used to receive data packets of the link corresponding to the physical layer functional unit; a synchronization processing unit is used to Maintain the link synchronization of each of the links; a data combination processing unit is used to integrate the data packets of each of the links and analyze the integrated data packets.

The sniffer provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to a WLAN multi-link communication system, using multiple physical layer functional units to receive data packets of each link, and based on a synchronization processing unit, so that each received by the sniffer The data packets of the link are at the same reference time, which is beneficial for the data combination processing unit to integrate the data packets transmitted by each link, so that a complete multi-link sniffer information report can be obtained, or links of different basic service sets can be obtained. Sniffer information report.

In order to make the above objects, features and beneficial effects of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sniffer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the sniffer 100 may include a plurality of physical layer function units 101, a synchronization processing unit 102 and a data combination processing unit 103.

Specifically, each of the physical layer functional units 101 is used to receive data packets of the link corresponding to the physical layer functional unit 101; the synchronization processing unit 102 is used to maintain link synchronization of each of the links; The data combination processing unit 103 is configured to integrate the data packets of each of the links, and analyze the integrated data packets.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of the sniffer shown in Fig. 1. In a specific embodiment, the sniffer 100 may include multiple physical layer function units 101, a synchronization processing unit 102, and a data combination processing unit 103, and may also include multiple medium access controls (Medium Access Control, for short). MAC layer function unit 105 and multiple LMAC (lower MAC) layer function units 104. Among them, the LMAC layer functional unit 104 is located under the MAC layer functional unit 105.

Referring to FIG. 2, each of the LMAC layer functional units 104 is configured to receive and process data packets uploaded by each of the physical layer functional units 101, and the LMAC functional units 104 correspond to the physical layer functional units 101 one-to-one. The MAC layer functional unit 105 is used to receive and process data packets uploaded by the associated LMAC layer functional unit 104. It should be noted that the sniffer 100 shown in FIG. 2 can reuse the hardware of the single-link WLAN device, and at this time, each single-link WLAN device is synchronized to a common clock. The clock may be externally input by each single-link WLAN device, or output from one single-link WLAN device to other single-link WLAN devices.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another specific structure of the sniffer shown in Fig. 1. In a specific embodiment, the sniffer 100 may include multiple physical layer functional units 101, synchronization processing unit 102, and data combination processing unit 103, as well as multiple LMAC layer functional units 104 and a single MAC layer. Function unit 105.

Referring to FIG. 3, the LMAC layer functional unit 104 is configured to receive and process data packets uploaded by each physical layer functional unit 101, and the LMAC functional unit 104 corresponds to the physical layer functional unit 101 one-to-one. The MAC layer function unit 105 is used to receive and process data packets uploaded by multiple LMAC layer function units 104 associated therewith. It should be noted that the sniffer 100 shown in FIG. 3 can reuse the hardware of the multi-link WLAN device. At this time, each link is synchronized to the same common clock. This clock can also be the internal clock of the multi-link WLAN device. .

In a specific implementation, the data combination processing unit 103 may also collect and count all data packets that fail to be transmitted on the link. For example, collect failed data packets from all links, or retransmit data packets, give an overall analysis result for each successfully retransmitted data packet, and record the link used by the failed data packets in order to obtain the The historical transmission process of the failed data packet. In addition to analyzing a single data packet, it can also analyze and compare the transmission success rate and throughput of each single link.

In a specific embodiment, the data combination processing unit 103 collects data packets from all links. After that, all the data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit 105 can be sorted according to the sequence numbers of the respective data packets. For example, all data packets can be sorted in ascending order of sequence numbers; for another example, all data packets can be sorted in descending order of sequence numbers.

In another specific embodiment, the data combination processing unit 103 collects data packets from all links. After that, all the data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit 105 can be sorted according to the sequence numbers of the respective data packets. For example, filtering can be performed according to the TID content of a certain sending end, and the sequence numbers of the data packets obtained after filtering can be sorted in ascending order; for another example, the sequence numbers of the data packets obtained after screening can be sorted in descending order.

Alternatively, the data combination processing unit 103 collects data packets from all links. After that, the data combination processing unit 103 may sort all the data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit 105 according to the receiving time of each data packet. For example, collect all data packets or specific group data packets from all links, and sort these data packets according to the receiving time. Further, the data combination processing unit 103 may also filter and sort all the data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit 105 according to the receiving time of each data packet. For example, collect specific group data packets from all links, and sort these specific group data packets according to the receiving time.

In a specific implementation, the data combination processing unit 103 may analyze the sorted data packets and provide a statistical analysis report. The statistical analysis report may include one or more of the following analysis results: the delay of each link , The throughput of each of the links, and the transmission failure probability of each of the links.

Further, the sniffer provided in the embodiment of the present invention can receive data packets of multiple independent BSSs, and can also provide a sniffer information report for the multiple independent BSSs. Among them, the channels where each independent BSS is located can be located in different frequency bands and different bandwidths.

In a non-limiting example, the sniffer information report may include the results of interference analysis among multiple BSSs.

In another non-limiting example, the sniffer information report may include multiple link system reports under each BSS.

In another non-limiting example, the sniffer information report may include synchronized time tag information for each link. Further, the sniffer information report may also give a specific access policy (access category, AC for short), traffic identifier (Traffic identifier, TID for short), or application layer (application) delay statistics report for each link; The specific AC, TID, or application layer throughput of each link can also be given; the specific AC, TID, or application layer failure probability of each link can also be given, which will not be listed here.

FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a data monitoring method of a sniffer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein, the sniffer may include multiple physical layer functional units, a synchronization processing unit and a data combination processing unit. The sniffer can be used to monitor data packets transmitted in a WLAN multi-link system or data packets transmitted on different BSS links. Specifically, the data monitoring method may include the following steps:

Step S401: Determine multiple links;

Step S402: Perform link synchronization on the multiple links, and receive data packets respectively transmitted by the multiple links on the obtained synchronization link;

Step S403: Integrate the data packets of the multiple links, and analyze the integrated data packets.

More specifically, in step S401, the sniffer may determine each wireless channel and the link corresponding to each wireless channel.

In step S402, the sniffer may perform link synchronization on each link based on the same reference time, and receive data packets respectively transmitted by the multiple links on the obtained synchronization link. Under this condition, the receiving time of each data packet is the same reference time, so that the integrated data packet can be sorted based on the receiving time of the data packet.

In step S403, the sniffer may integrate the data packets received from each link, and then analyze the integrated data packets.

Specifically, for the received data packets of the multiple links, the sniffer may sort all the data packets according to the sequence numbers of the respective data packets to obtain the sorted data packets; Alternatively, all the data packets may be sorted according to the receiving time of each data packet to obtain the sorted data packets; or, all the data packets may be sorted according to the receiving time of each data packet and the received link To get the sorted packets.

As a variant embodiment, for the received data packets of the multiple links, the sniffer may also filter and sort all the received data packets to obtain the sorted data packets; or, Sort all the data packets according to the receiving time of each data packet, or filter all the data packets according to preset conditions, and then obtain the sorted data packets; or, according to the receiving time and the received time of each data packet The link screens and sorts all the data packets to obtain the sorted data packets.

Further, each data packet can be analyzed, for example, the sorted data packet can be analyzed. Further, data packets that failed to be transmitted on the multiple links may be counted. After that, the sniffer may provide a statistical analysis report, the statistical analysis report including one or more of the following analysis results: the delay of each link, the throughput of each link, each link The transmission failure probability of the road.

For more details on the working principle and working mode of the data monitoring method of the sniffer, reference may be made to the related descriptions in FIGS. 1 to 3 above, and details are not repeated here.

The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with typical application scenarios.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of data monitoring by a sniffer in a typical scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this typical scenario, the sniffer 1 is a multi-link sniffer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and can receive data packets from different frequency bands/channels.

Referring to FIG. 5, the sniffer 1 can receive data packets of various terminals in the basic service set BSS1 (not shown in the figure) and the basic service set BSS2 (not shown in the figure). Among them, the basic server BSS1 uses the channel CH1 (not shown) to transmit data packets, including the access point AP1, the station STA11 and the station STA12; the basic server BSS2 uses the channel CH2 (not shown) to transmit the data packets, including the access point AP2, Station STA21 and station STA22. Channel CH1 and channel CH2 are different wireless channels and are located in different frequency bands. Sniffer 1 can assist in analyzing adjacent channel interference or non-adjacent channel interference between BSS1 and BSS2.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of data packet interaction based on different links according to an embodiment of the present invention. With reference to Figures 5 and 6, when the access point AP1 exchanges data packets with the station STA11 and/or the station STA12, the sniffer 1 can use the physical layer functional unit (the PHY1 of the sniffer 1 is shown in the figure) to receive the access point AP1 , Data packets of station STA11 and/or station STA12. When the access point AP2 exchanges data packets with the station STA21 and/or the station STA22, the sniffer 1 can use the physical layer function unit (that is, the PHY2 of the sniffer 1 shown in the figure) to receive the access point AP2, the station STA21 and/or the station Data packet of STA22. Among them, the sniffer 1 includes 2 physical layers (including 2 PHYs in FIG. 6, namely PHY1 and PHY2), 2 LMAC layers and 2 MAC layers. The sniffer 1 shown in FIG. 6 may include two single-link WLAN receiving devices and other circuits, and the other circuits may include a synchronization circuit, a data post processing circuit, and the like.

FIG. 7 is another schematic diagram of data packet interaction based on different links according to an embodiment of the present invention. With reference to Figure 5 and Figure 7, when AP1 exchanges data packets with station STA11 and/or station STA12, sniffer 1 can use physical layer functional units (ie PHY1 of sniffer 1 shown in the figure) to receive access point AP1 and station STA11 And/or the data packet of station STA12. When the access point AP2 exchanges data packets with the station STA21 and/or the station STA22, the sniffer 1 can use the physical layer function unit (that is, the PHY2 of the sniffer 1 shown in the figure) to receive the access point AP2, the station STA21 and/or the station Data packet of STA22. Different from Figure 6, the sniffer 1 in Figure 7 includes two physical layers, namely PHY1 and PHY2, two LMAC layers and a single MAC layer. The sniffer 1 shown in FIG. 7 may include a multi-link WLAN receiving device and other circuits, and the other circuits may include a synchronization circuit, a data post-processing circuit, and the like.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of data monitoring by a sniffer in another typical scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this typical scenario, the sniffer 1 is a multi-link sniffer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and can receive data packets from different frequency bands/channels. For the specific structure, refer to FIG. 9. The sniffer 1 shown in FIG. 9 can assist in observing and analyzing the data transmission situation of the multi-link system shown in FIG. 8.

FIG. 9 is another schematic diagram of data packet interaction based on different links according to an embodiment of the present invention. It can be known in combination with FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 that the multi-link system shown in FIG. 8 includes an access point AP1, a station STA1, a station STA2, a station STA3, and a station STA4. The access point AP1 is a multi-link AP, and supports the link corresponding to the channel CH1 and the link corresponding to the channel CH2. The stations STA1 to STA4 are single-link stations, or the stations STA1 to STA4 are multi-link stations supporting link 1 and/or link 2.

Channel CH1 and channel CH2 are different wireless channels and are located in different frequency bands. The sniffer 1 may use a physical layer functional unit (that is, the PHY1 of the sniffer 1 shown in the figure) to receive the data packets sent by the access point AP1, the station STA1 to the station STA4 on the channel CH1. The sniffer 1 may use another physical layer functional unit (ie, the PHY2 of the sniffer 1 shown in the figure) to receive the data packets sent by the access point AP1 and the station STA1 to the station STA4 on the channel CH2. It should be noted that FIG. 9 omits the schematic structural diagram of the station STA4 and the data interaction between it and the access point AP1.

FIG. 10 is another schematic diagram of data packet interaction based on different links according to an embodiment of the present invention. Similar to FIG. 9, the sniffer 2 can receive data packets from the access point AP1 and the station STA1 to the station STA4 (not shown in the figure). The difference is that the sniffer 1 in Figure 9 includes two physical layers, namely PHY1 and PHY2, two LMAC layers and two MAC layers; the sniffer 2 in Figure 10 includes two physical layers, respectively It is PHY1 and PHY2, 2 LMAC layers and a single MAC layer.

It should be pointed out that the sniffer 1 and/or the sniffer 2 shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 9 and Figure 10 all include a data combination processing unit, which can integrate received data packets for data analysis .

Further, an embodiment of the present invention also discloses a storage medium on which computer instructions are stored, and the computer instructions execute the technical solution of the data monitoring method described in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 when the computer instructions are run. Preferably, the storage medium may include a computer-readable storage medium such as a non-volatile memory or a non-transitory memory. The computer-readable storage medium may include ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk, and so on.

Further, an embodiment of the present invention also discloses a terminal, and the terminal may include the sniffer described in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 above.

Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the present invention is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims.

Claims (12)

1. A sniffer, characterized in that it comprises:

   A plurality of physical layer functional units, each of the physical layer functional units is used to receive data packets of the link corresponding to the physical layer functional unit;

   A synchronization processing unit, configured to maintain link synchronization of each of the links;

   The data combination processing unit is used to integrate the data packets of each of the links and analyze the integrated data packets.
2. The sniffer according to claim 1, further comprising:

   A plurality of LMAC layer functional units, each of the LMAC layer functional units is used to receive and process data packets uploaded by each of the physical layer functional units, and the LMAC functional units are in one-to-one correspondence with the physical layer functional units.
3. The sniffer according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

   At least one MAC layer functional unit, where the MAC layer functional unit is used to receive and process data packets uploaded by the multiple LMAC layer functional units.
4. The sniffer according to claim 3, wherein the data combination processing unit sorts all data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit according to the sequence number of each data packet; or, the data The combination processing unit sorts all data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit according to the receiving time of each data packet.
5. The sniffer according to claim 4, wherein the data combination processing unit analyzes the sorted data packets and provides a statistical analysis report, and the statistical analysis report includes one or more of the following analysis results: each The delay of the link, the throughput of each link, and the transmission failure probability of each link.
6. The sniffer according to claim 3, wherein the data combination processing unit screens and sorts all the data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit according to the sequence number of each data packet; or, The data combination processing unit filters and sorts all data packets output by the at least one MAC layer functional unit according to the receiving time of each data packet.
7. A data monitoring method of a sniffer, which is characterized in that it comprises:

   Determine multiple links;

   Perform link synchronization on the multiple links, and receive data packets respectively transmitted by the multiple links on the obtained synchronization link;

   The data packets of the multiple links are integrated, and the integrated data packets are analyzed.
8. The data monitoring method according to claim 7, wherein said integrating the data packets of the multiple links comprises:

   For the received data packets of the multiple links, sort all the data packets according to the sequence number of each of the data packets to obtain the sorted data packets; or, according to the receiving time of each data packet All the data packets are sorted to obtain sorted data packets.
9. The data monitoring method according to claim 7, wherein said integrating the data packets of the multiple links comprises:

   For the received data packets of the multiple links, filtering and sorting all the data packets according to the sequence number of each of the data packets to obtain the sorted data packets;

   Or, filtering and sorting all the data packets according to the receiving time of each data packet to obtain the sorted data packets.
10. The data monitoring method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the analyzing the integrated data packet comprises:

    Analyze the sorted data packets and provide a statistical analysis report. The statistical analysis report includes one or more of the following analysis results: the delay of each of the links, the throughput of each of the links, and the The transmission failure probability of the link.
11. A storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, wherein the steps of the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10 are executed when the computer instructions are run.
12. A terminal, wherein the terminal comprises the sniffer according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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