WO2021057949A1

WO2021057949A1 - Vehicle and axle thereof, and differential

Info

Publication number: WO2021057949A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/118037
Authority: WO
Inventors: 邓正常; 李利
Original assignee: 赛格威科技有限公司
Priority date: 2019-09-27
Filing date: 2020-09-27
Publication date: 2021-04-01
Also published as: CN112696478A

Abstract

A differential (250), a vehicle, and an axle (200). The differential (250) comprises: a driven disc (210), wherein an inner peripheral surface of the driven disc (210) serves as a first contact surface; two half-shaft connectors (221), wherein an outer peripheral surface of each half-shaft connector (221) serves as a second contact surface, and one of the first contact surface and the second contact surface is an annular surface and the other is a polygonal surface; and two groups of engagement devices (230), each group of engagement devices (230) comprising a roller (231), a roller holder (232), a switch driving member (233), a switch driven member (234), and a first elastic reset mechanism (235), wherein the roller (231) has a separation position and an engagement position with respect to the annular surface, the switch driving member (233) selectively drives the switch driven member (234) to move so as to move the roller (231) from the separation position to the engagement position, and the first elastic reset mechanism (235) is used to return the roller (231) from the engagement position to the separation position. The configuration stabilizes the differential (250), and reduces resistance or seizing of gear teeth, thus ensuring vehicle drivability.

Description

Vehicles and their axles and differentials

Cross-references to related applications

This application requires the priority of the Chinese patent application number "201910926967.5" filed on September 27, 2019, entitled "Vehicles and their axles and differentials".

Technical field

The present disclosure relates to the field of vehicle technology, in particular to a vehicle and its axle and differential.

Background technique

In the related art, the axle of the vehicle generally adopts the planetary differential structure, but the planetary differential structure has the following problems: the input power cannot be cut off, and the transfer case must be added when the transfer is required. The existing transfer case structure is in combination and disconnection. There is also a chance of top gear or seizure when opening, resulting in poor transfer effect; and when the sliding force on one side is lost, the other side has no power output; to solve the power loss, a differential lock structure is added, which leads to a comparison of the planetary differential structure Complicated, the existing Fangrong differential lock mechanism has a chance of top gear or seizure during coupling and disengagement, and the differential locking effect is poor. Based on this, a vehicle with the aforementioned planetary differential structure will lead to poor drivability and poor driving experience for the driver.

Public content

The present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a differential that is stable in engagement and does not cause top gears or seizures, so that the driveability of the vehicle can be ensured.

The present disclosure further proposes an axle.

The present disclosure further proposes a vehicle.

According to the differential of the present disclosure, a driving gear; a driven disk, the driven disk is provided with a driven gear, the driven gear meshes with the driving gear, the driven disk is hollow and the inner peripheral surface is The first contact surface; two half-shaft connecting heads, the two half-shaft connecting heads are arranged inside the driven disk and are arranged axially spaced apart, and the outer peripheral surface of the half-shaft connecting head is the second contact surface, One of the first contact surface and the second contact surface is a toroidal surface and the other is a polygonal surface formed by successively connecting a plurality of surfaces; two sets of joining devices, the two sets of joining devices are connected with two A one-to-one correspondence between the half-shaft connecting heads and they are all arranged in the driven disk, and each group of the joining devices includes: a rolling element, a rolling cage, a switching active part, a switching driven part, and a first elastic reset mechanism , The rolling elements are multiple and arranged on the rolling cage, and the multiple rolling elements are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple surfaces of the polygonal surface, and can move along the corresponding surface, so as to be consistent with the The annular surface has a separation position and an engagement position. When the rolling element is at the separation position, the driven disc rotates relative to the half-shaft connecting head, and when the rolling element is at the engagement position, the follower The movable disc rotates synchronously with the half-shaft connector, the switching follower is arranged on the rolling cage, and the switching active part selectively drives the switching follower to drive the rolling cage to move, Thereby driving the rolling element to move along the corresponding surface to make the rolling element move from the separation position to the engaging position, and the first elastic reset mechanism is used to restore the rolling element from the engaging position To the separation position.

Therefore, by providing the rolling element and the rolling cage between the half-shaft connector and the driven disc, it is possible to make the switching of the engagement and separation states between the half-shaft connector and the driven disc in a timely and reliable manner. The active part and the first elastic reset mechanism can control the switch from the two-wheel drive mode to the four-wheel drive mode and the switch from the four-wheel drive mode to the two-wheel drive mode. The differential set in this way can be switched by different controls to enable the engagement device Flexible switching and good switching stability.

In some examples of the present disclosure, the switching active part is an electromagnetic part, the switching follower is a metal part, and the switching active part absorbs the switching follower when the switch is energized, so that the switching slave The moving member drives the rolling cage to move, thereby causing the rolling member to move from the separated position to the engaged position. When the switching active member is in a power-off state, the rolling member is located at the separated position.

In some examples of the present disclosure, the switching follower is provided with a first limiting portion, and the outer side of the rolling cage is provided with a second limiting portion, and the first limiting portion is connected to the second limiting portion. The position portion is circumferentially limited and allows the switching follower to move axially relative to the rolling cage, thereby driving the rolling cage to move in the circumferential direction.

In some examples of the present disclosure, the switching driver is located on the axially outer side of the switching follower and provides magnetic attraction force in the direction of movement of the switching follower and the half-shaft connector in the opposite direction, so that the The rolling cage drives the rolling element to rotate.

In some examples of the present disclosure, the first limiting portion includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced first protrusions arranged on the switching follower and extending toward the rolling cage, and the second limiting portion The position portion includes first grooves arranged on the outer ring of the rolling cage on the side facing the switching follower and spaced in the circumferential direction, a plurality of the first protrusions and a plurality of the first grooves. The grooves are matched one by one.

In some examples of the present disclosure, the axle further includes a housing, and the switching active part is fixed to the housing.

In some examples of the present disclosure, each surface of the polygonal surface is a flat surface, and each rolling element has one separation position and two engagement positions, and the separation position is located between the two engagement positions.

In some examples of the present disclosure, the first elastic reset mechanism includes: a first elastic member and a first limiting member, and the first limiting member is fitted on the inner circumference of the rolling cage and interacts with the rolling cage. The holder rotates synchronously, the first elastic member is sleeved on the half-shaft connecting head, and both ends are respectively matched with the first limiting member and the half-shaft connecting head.

In some examples of the present disclosure, the first limiting member is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced second protrusions extending radially outward, and the inner ring of the rolling cage is facing the first limiting member. One side of the piece is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced second grooves, and the plurality of second protrusions and the plurality of second grooves are matched in a one-to-one correspondence.

In some examples of the present disclosure, the first limiting member is configured in a sheet shape and is provided with a first avoiding groove on the outer periphery, the half-shaft connector is correspondingly provided with a second avoiding groove, and two of the first elastic member Both ends abut on the side walls corresponding to the first avoiding groove and the second avoiding groove at the same time.

The differential according to the present disclosure includes: a driven disk, which has a hollow interior and a first contact surface on its inner peripheral surface; and a half-shaft connector, which is provided on the driven disk Inside, the outer peripheral surface of the semi-axial connector is a second contact surface, one of the first contact surface and the second contact surface is a toroidal surface and the other is formed by connecting multiple surfaces in sequence A polygonal surface; an engagement device, the engagement device corresponds to the half-shaft connector and is arranged in the driven plate, the engagement device includes: a rolling member, a rolling cage, a switching active member and a switching driven member, The rolling elements are multiple and are arranged on the rolling cage, and the multiple rolling elements are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple surfaces of the polygonal surface, and can move along the corresponding surface, so as to interact with the The annular surface has a separation position and an engagement position. When the rolling element is at the separation position, the driven disc rotates relative to the half-shaft connecting head. When the rolling element is at the engagement position, the follower The disk rotates synchronously with the half-shaft connector, the switching follower is arranged on the rolling cage, and the switching driving member selectively drives the switching follower to drive the rolling cage to move, thereby The rolling element is driven to move along the corresponding surface to move the rolling element from the separation position to the engagement position.

In some examples of the present disclosure, the differential further includes: a first elastic reset mechanism, the first elastic reset mechanism includes: a first elastic member and a first limiting member, the first limiting member cooperates On the inner circumference of the rolling cage and rotating synchronously with the rolling cage, the first elastic member is sleeved on the half-shaft connecting head, and both ends are respectively fitted to the first limiting member and the On the half shaft connection head.

The axle of the vehicle according to the present disclosure includes: the differential gear; an axle body, the axle body is respectively fitted in the two half-shaft connecting heads.

The vehicle according to the present disclosure includes the axle of the vehicle.

The additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be partially given in the following description, and some will become obvious from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present disclosure.

Description of the drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become obvious and easy to understand from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a driving system of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a controller connecting an engagement device and a differential lock device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a front differential according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the two front axle connectors in the front axle;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the rolling element in the front axle at a separated position;

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the rolling element in the front axle at the joint position;

Figure 7 is a front view of the front half shaft connector;

Figure 8 is a perspective view of the front half shaft connector;

Figure 9 is a front view of the switching follower of the engagement device;

Figure 10 is a perspective view of a switching follower of the engagement device;

Figure 11 is a front view of the rolling cage of the joining device;

Figure 12 is a perspective view of the rolling cage of the joining device;

Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the front half shaft connector and the rolling retainer;

Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of area B in Fig. 13;

Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the rolling cage and the first limiting member;

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the rolling cage and the switching follower;

Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a first elastic member;

Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of the rear differential;

Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the rear differential with respect to the differential lock device;

Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the rolling element in the rear axle at a separated position;

Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the rolling element in the rear axle at the engaged position;

Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of a mating piece;

Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of a switching follower of a differential lock device;

Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the second limiting member of the differential lock device;

Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the mating piece and the rolling cage;

FIG. 26 is an enlarged view of area C in FIG. 25;

Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the rolling cage and the second limiting member in the differential lock device;

Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the switching follower and the rolling cage in the differential lock device;

Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view of the joint device in the front axle;

Figure 30 is a cross-sectional view in the direction of A-A in Figure 29;

Figure 31 is a perspective view of the end cap;

Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of steps of a driving method of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of steps of a driving method of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Reference signs:

Drive system 1000; power plant 100; output shaft 110; front driving gear 111; rear driving gear 112; front axle 200; front driven disc 210; front disc body 211; front driven gear 212; front half shaft 220; front half shaft connection Head 221; second avoidance groove 2211; shaft hole 222; plane 223; joining device 230; first rolling member 231; first rolling cage 232; first groove 2321; second groove 2322; first switching active member 233; first switching follower 234; first protrusion 2341; cutting portion 2342; spacing groove 2343; first elastic reset mechanism 235; first elastic member 2351; first limiting member 2352; second protrusion 2353; First stop 2354; first avoidance groove 2355; shaft sleeve 236; partition 237; bowl plug 238; front speed sensor 240; front differential 250; housing 260; main oil chamber 261; primary separation chamber 262; secondary separation chamber 263; breathing port 264; oil return groove 265; air outlet channel 266; return channel 267; oil retaining wall 268; hose 269; ABS signal gear 270; bearing 280; end cover 281; front wheel 300; Rear axle 400; rear driven disk 410; rear disk body 411; rear driven gear 412; planetary driving gear 413; rear half shaft 420; rear half shaft connector 421; fourth avoidance groove 4211; mating member 422; planetary follower Moving gear 423; rear speed sensor 430; differential lock device 440; second rolling member 441; second rolling cage 442; third groove 4421; second switching driving member 443; second switching driven member 444; Three protrusions 4441; second elastic reset mechanism 445; second elastic member 4451; second limiting member 4452; fourth protrusion 4453; second stop 4454; third escape groove 4455; rear differential 460; Rear wheel 500; controller 600.

detailed description

The following describes the embodiments of the present utility model in detail. The embodiments described with reference to the drawings are exemplary. The following describes the embodiments of the present utility model in detail.

The driving system 1000 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 30. The driving system 1000 provides power for the vehicle and drives the wheels to travel on the road. Among them, the vehicle may be an all-terrain vehicle.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the drive system 1000 of the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention may include: a power plant 100, a front axle 200, a front wheel 300, a rear axle 400, a rear wheel 500 and a controller 600, and the vehicle also It may include: a frame. The power plant 100, the front axle 200, the rear axle 400, and the controller 600 are all arranged on the frame. The front axle 200 and the rear axle 400 are arranged at intervals between the front and rear axles, and the power plant 100 may be arranged on the front axle 200. Between the rear axle 400 and the rear axle 400, a reasonable arrangement position can also be selected according to the actual structure of the frame. Front wheels 300 are respectively provided at both ends of the front axle 200, and rear wheels 500 are respectively provided at both ends of the rear axle 400. The controller 600 can control whether the power plant 100 is engaged with the front axle 200 for power transmission.

As shown in FIG. 1, the power plant 100 has an output shaft 110, and there may be two output shafts 110, and the two output shafts 110 respectively transmit power to the front axle 200 and the rear axle 400. Among them, the power plant 100 has multiple options. For example, the power plant 100 can be a fuel engine; for another example, the power plant 100 can be a motor, and the motor can be a motor generator; for another example, the power plant 100 can be a fuel engine and a motor. In combination, the motor can be fixed on the left or right side of the fuel engine, where the fuel engine can be fixed on the bottom of the frame, and the motor can be fixed on the right side of the fuel engine.

1 and 3, the front axle 200 includes: a front driven disc 210, a front half shaft 220, a coupling device 230, and a front speed sensor 240. There are two front half shafts 220, and the two front half shafts 220 are arranged opposite to each other. Each front axle 220 includes a front axle connecting head 221 and a front axle body. The front axle connecting head 221 rotates synchronously with the front axle body. The front driven disc 210 and the output shaft 110 are power-transmitted. The end of the output shaft 110 is provided with a front driver. Gear 111, the front driven disc 210 includes a front disc body 211 and a front driven gear 212. The front driving gear 111 and the front driven gear 212 mesh, so that the power device 100 can transmit power to the front axle 200 through the output shaft 110. The front driving gear 111 and the front driven gear 212 may be bevel gears, respectively.

There are two sets of coupling devices 230, and the two sets of coupling devices 230 are respectively arranged between the front driven disc 210 and the front half-shaft connecting head 221, and the two front wheels 300 are respectively connected to the axial outer ends of the two front half-shafts 220, namely The axial outer ends of the two front axle bodies. It can be understood that when the coupling device 230 is coupled to the front driven disc 210 and the front half shaft connector 221, the power output by the power device 100 can be transmitted to the front wheels 300 through the coupling device 230 and the front half shaft 220, thereby driving the vehicle on the road. Driving. When the coupling device 230 disconnects the front driven disc 210 and the front half shaft connector 221, the power output by the power unit 100 cannot be transmitted to the front half shaft connector 221 through the front driven disc 210, and the two front wheels 300 are used as driven wheels. . Wherein, the front axle 200 includes: a front differential 250, and the front differential 250 includes: the above-mentioned front driving gear 111, the above-mentioned front driven disc 210, the above-mentioned two front half shaft connectors 221, and the above-mentioned two sets of joints The specific structure of the device 230 and the front differential 250 will be described in detail in the following content.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the front speed sensor 240 is used to detect the speed of the corresponding front half shaft 220. There can be two front speed sensors 240, and the two front speed sensors 240 can be used to detect the speed of the two front half shafts 220 respectively. The rotational speed, so that the rotational speed of the two front wheels 300 can be known. Specifically, the front half shaft connector 221 may be provided with an ABS signal gear 270, and the front speed sensor 240 is used to detect the number of rotating teeth of the ABS signal gear 270, so that the information can be transmitted to the controller 600 to obtain the corresponding front wheel 300 Speed information.

1 and 18, the rear axle 400 includes a rear driven disc 410, a rear half shaft 420, and a rear speed sensor 430. There are two rear half shafts 420, and the two rear half shafts 420 are arranged opposite to each other. The driven disk 410 is power-transmitted with the output shaft 110. The end of the output shaft 110 is provided with a rear driving gear 112. The rear driven disk 410 includes a rear disk body 411 and a rear driven gear 412. The rear driving gear 112 and the rear driven gear 412 is engaged, so that the power unit 100 can transmit power to the rear axle 400 through the output shaft 110. The rear driving gear 112 and the rear driven gear 412 may be bevel gears, respectively. Among them, the rear axle 400 includes a rear differential 460. The rear differential 460 includes the above-mentioned rear driven disc 410 and two rear axle connectors 421. The specific structure of the rear differential 460 will be described in detail in the following content. .

As shown in Figure 18, the two rear half shafts 420 and the rear driven disk 410 are power-transmitted. The rear driven disk 410 is provided with a planetary drive gear 413. The two rear half shafts 420 respectively include a rear half shaft connecting head 421, The semi-shaft connecting head 421 is provided with a planetary driven gear 423, and the planetary driving gear 413 and the planetary driven gear 423 are meshed for power transmission. It can be understood that when the power device 100 outputs power, the rear wheels 500 are used as driving wheels.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the rear speed sensor 430 is used to detect the speed of the corresponding rear half shaft 420. There can be two rear speed sensors 430, and the two rear speed sensors 430 can be used to detect two rear half shafts. The rotation speed of 420, so that the rotation speed of the two rear wheels 500 can be known. Specifically, the rear half shaft connector 421 may be provided with an ABS signal gear, and the rear speed sensor 430 is used to detect the number of rotating teeth of the ABS signal gear, so that the information can be transmitted to the controller 600 to obtain the corresponding rear wheel 500 Speed information.

As shown in FIG. 2, the controller 600 is electrically connected to the engagement device 230, the front rotation speed sensor 240, and the rear rotation speed sensor 430, to control the engagement device 230 to work when a predetermined condition is met, so that the front driven disc 210 and the front half shaft 220 Join. It is understandable that the controller 600 can receive the rotational speed information of the two front rotational speed sensors 240 and the two rear rotational speed sensors 430, and then learn the status of the front wheels 300 and the rear wheels 500, so as to determine whether the driving state of the vehicle needs to be based on the information. Switch between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive. If it is determined that the driving state of the entire vehicle meets the predetermined conditions, without driver intervention, the controller 600 can accurately switch between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive according to its own judgment, so that the coupling device 230 engages the front half shaft connector 221 of the front half shaft 220 And the front driven disc 210, so that the vehicle can be switched from two-wheel drive mode to four-wheel drive mode, thereby improving the power and driving stability of the vehicle, enabling the vehicle to drive more stably under current road conditions, and avoiding vehicle damage Damage to internal components can extend the service life of the vehicle.

It should be noted that the foregoing predetermined condition is not limited to one.

Optionally, the speed difference between the two rear wheels 500 is V1, the turning radius speed difference between the two rear wheels 500 is V2, and the safety factor is a, where, when V1>V2*a, the controller 600 controls The engaging device 230 engages the front driven disk 210 and the front half shaft 220. When V1<V2*a, the controller 600 controls the engaging device 230 to disconnect the front driven disk 210 and the front half shaft 220. That is to say, when the driver is driving the vehicle, when the vehicle's wheel driving state meets the condition of V1>V2*a, the controller 600 controls the vehicle to switch from two-wheel drive to four-wheel drive mode. When the vehicle's wheel driving state meets V1 Under the condition of <V2*a, the controller 600 controls the vehicle to switch from the four-wheel drive mode to the two-wheel drive mode. Setting the predetermined conditions in this way can make the vehicle adapt to various harsh road conditions, avoid turning and slipping, thereby improving the driving stability of the vehicle, and avoiding damage to the transmission system and wheels, and prolonging the service life of the vehicle .

Alternatively, the speed difference between the front wheels 300 and the rear wheels 500 is V3, the average speed of the front wheels 300 and the rear wheels 500 is V4, and the safety factor is a. Wherein, when V3>V4*a, the controller 600 controls the engagement device 230 to engage the front driven disk 210 and the front half shaft 220. When V3<V4*a, the controller 600 controls the engagement device 230 to disconnect the front driven disk 210 and the front half shaft 220. That is to say, when the driver is driving the vehicle, when the vehicle's wheel driving state satisfies the condition of V3>V4*a, the controller 600 controls the vehicle to switch from two-wheel drive to four-wheel drive mode. When the vehicle's wheel driving state satisfies V3 Under the condition of <V4*a, the controller 600 controls the vehicle to switch from the four-wheel drive mode to the two-wheel drive mode. Setting the predetermined conditions in this way can make the vehicle adapt to various harsh road conditions, avoid turning and slipping, thereby improving the driving stability of the vehicle, and avoiding damage to the transmission system and wheels, and prolonging the service life of the vehicle .

The front differential 250 in the front axle 200 will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the front differential 250 may include: the aforementioned front driving gear 111, the aforementioned front driven disc 210, the aforementioned two front half shaft connectors 221 and The two sets of joining devices 230 described above.

As shown in FIG. 3, the front disc body 211 of the front driven disc 210 is hollow, and the inner peripheral surface of the front disc body 211 is the first contact surface, the outer peripheral surface of the half-shaft connector is the second contact surface, and the first contact surface One of the surface and the second contact surface is a torus surface, and the other of the first contact surface and the second contact surface is a polygonal surface formed by successively connecting a plurality of surfaces. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the first contact surface is a torus surface and the second contact surface is a polygonal surface. For another example, the first contact surface is a polygonal surface and the second contact surface is a torus surface.

As shown in FIG. 3, the two sets of engagement devices 230 correspond to the two front half shaft connectors 221 one-to-one, and the two sets of engagement devices 230 are both arranged in the front disc body 211 of the front driven disc 210. The two sets of joining devices 230 are arranged at intervals in the axial direction, which is the left and right direction as shown in FIG. 3. The two sets of engagement devices 230 are respectively used to selectively engage the corresponding front axle connectors 221, and the two sets of engagement devices 230 can be simultaneously engaged under the action of the controller 600.

As shown in FIG. 3, each group of joining devices 230 includes: a first rolling member 231, a first rolling cage 232, a first switching active member 233, a first switching driven member 234, and a first elastic reset mechanism 235. There are a plurality of rolling elements 231, and the plurality of first rolling elements 231 are arranged in the first rolling cage 232, the first rolling elements 231 may be rollers, and the first rolling cage 232 may be provided with a plurality of receiving grooves, A plurality of accommodating grooves are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, the rollers are accommodated in the accommodating grooves, the rollers can roll in the accommodating grooves, and extend out of the accommodating grooves both radially inside and outside.

As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, a plurality of first rolling elements 231 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of surfaces of the polygonal surface, and the plurality of first rolling elements 231 can move along the corresponding surface, so as to interact with the circular ring The face has a separation position and an engagement position. In other words, the number of first rolling elements 231 may be the same as the number of polygonal surfaces, and each first rolling element 231 corresponds to a polygonal surface.

As shown in FIG. 5, the first rolling member 231 is located at the separated position. At this time, the first rolling member 231 is located at the center position of the corresponding polygonal surface. Since the center position of each surface of the polygonal surface has the largest distance from the torus surface, There is a gap between the first rolling element 231 and the front plate body 211, and the front driven plate 210 and the front half shaft connecting head 221 rotate relative to each other without interference; as shown in FIG. 6, the first rolling element 231 is located at the joint position At this time, the first rolling element 231 is located on one side edge of the corresponding polygonal surface. Since the side edge position of each polygonal surface has the smallest distance from the toroidal surface, the first rolling element 231 is in contact with and abuts against the front plate body 211. Therefore, the front driven disc 210 and the front half shaft connector 221 can rotate synchronously. It can be understood that when the first rolling member 231 is in the separated position, there is a gap between the first rolling member 231 and the front plate body 211, and there is no contact. At this time, the power of the front driving gear 111 does not pass through the front driven plate 210. It is transmitted to the front half-shaft connecting head 221, so that the front plate body 211 and the front half-shaft connecting head 221 can rotate without interfering with each other. At this time, the vehicle is in a two-wheel drive mode. When the first rolling element 231 is at the engaging position, the first rolling element 231 contacts and resists the front plate body 211, or in other words, the first rolling element 231 connects the front plate body 211 and the front half shaft when the first rolling element 231 is in the engaging position. 221 is stuck. At this time, the power of the front driving gear 111 can be transmitted to the front half shaft connector 221 through the front driven disc 210, so that the two can rotate synchronously. At this time, the vehicle is in a four-wheel drive mode. It should be noted here that since each surface of the polygon has two side edge positions, the first rolling member 231 also has two separate positions correspondingly.

As shown in FIG. 3, the first switching follower 234 is disposed on the first rolling holder 232, so that the first switching follower 234 can drive the first rolling holder 232 to rotate synchronously, and the first switching driving member 233 is selectively Ground driving the first switching follower 234 drives the first rolling cage 232 to move, thereby driving the first rolling member 231 to move along the corresponding polygonal surface, so that the first rolling member 231 moves from the separated position to the engaged position. The first switching driver 233 has the ability to control the movement of the first switching follower 234, which can control the movement of the first switching follower 234 according to its own state, so as to control the movement of the first rolling element 231 from the separated position to the engaged position , Which realizes the conversion from two-wheel drive mode to four-wheel drive mode. Wherein, the controller 600 is electrically connected to the first switching active part 233 of the two sets of joining devices 230, so that the controller 600 can correspondingly control whether the first switching active part 233 drives the first switching follower 234 to move.

As shown in FIG. 3, the first elastic reset mechanism 235 is used to restore the first rolling member 231 from the engaged position to the separated position through the first rolling holder 232. That is to say, when the four-wheel drive mode is switched to the two-wheel drive mode, the first elastic reset mechanism 235 can drive the first rolling cage 232 to move through its own elastic force, so that the first rolling member 231 moves from the engaged position to the separated position. Position to switch from four-wheel drive mode to two-wheel drive mode. Wherein, the first switching driver 233 in this process no longer controls the first switching follower 234.

Thus, by disposing the first rolling member 231 and the first rolling cage 232 between the front half shaft connecting head 221 and the front plate body 211, the joint state and separation between the front half shaft connecting head 221 and the front plate body 211 can be made The state switching is timely and reliable, and by setting the first switching active member 233 and the first elastic reset mechanism 235, the two-wheel drive mode can be controlled to switch to the four-wheel drive mode, and the four-wheel drive mode can be controlled to switch to the two-wheel drive mode. The front differential 250 can adopt different control switching, which can make the coupling device 230 switch flexibly, with good switching stability, and no jamming phenomenon will occur.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the first switching active member 233 is an electromagnetic member, which is electrically connected to the controller 600. The electromagnetic member may be an electromagnet. The electromagnet is fixed in the housing 260 of the front axle 200, and the electromagnet and The controllers 600 can be connected by a wire harness. The first switching follower 234 is a metal piece. The first switching driver 233 absorbs the first switching follower 234 when it is energized, so that the first switching follower 234 drives the first rolling cage 232 to move, so that The first rolling element 231 moves from the separation position to the engagement position. When the first switching active element 233 is in the power-off state, the first rolling element 231 is located at the separation position. In other words, when the first switching active member 233 is in the power-off state, the first elastic reset mechanism 235 can use its elastic force to urge the first rolling cage 232 to move, so that the first rolling member 231 moves from the engaged position to the separated position Therefore, the first switching active member 233 configured in this way controls the position of the first rolling member 231 through electromagnetic force, which can make the joint device 230 simple in structure, reliable in control, and timely in state switching. In addition, the first elastic reset mechanism 235 also has the function of keeping the first rolling member 231 at the separated position, so that the first rolling cage 232 can rotate with the front half-shaft connecting head 221 synchronously.

As shown in Figures 9 and 10, the first switching follower 234 is provided with a first limiting portion, the outer side of the first rolling cage 232 is provided with a second limiting portion, the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion The part is limited in the circumferential direction, thereby driving the first rolling cage 232 to move in the circumferential direction. That is to say, the first switching follower 234 and the first rolling cage 232 are in position-limiting cooperation through two limit parts, so that the first switching follower 234 and the first rolling cage 232 can be synchronized. In this way, after the first switching driving member 233 is energized, the first switching follower 234 can drive the first rolling holder 232 to move, so that the first rolling member 231 can move from the separated position to the engaged position. In addition, by providing two limit parts, the movement of the first switching follower 234 can be reduced, and the cooperation between the first switching follower 234 and the first rolling cage 232 can be made simple and reliable.

Wherein, as shown in FIG. 3, the first switching driver 233 is located on the axial outer side of the first switching follower 234, and the first switching driver 233 is provided for the first switching follower 234 and the front half shaft connector 221 to move. The magnetic attraction in the opposite direction causes the first rolling cage 232 to drive the first rolling member 231 to rotate to the engaging position. Wherein, the outer surface of the first switching follower 234 can be pressed against the first switching driver 233, and when the first rolling element 231 is in the separated position, the first switching follower 234 rotates together with the first rolling element 231 , The first switching follower 234 frictionally moves on the surface of the first switching driver 233, and after the first switching driver 233 is energized, the first switching driver 233 can generate a magnetic attraction force opposite to the moving direction, so that the first switching driver 233 A rolling cage 232 generates a relative movement with the front half-shaft connecting head 221, which further causes the first rolling member 231 to move from the separated position to the engaged position. The first switching driver 233 provided in this way can quickly generate resistance for the first switching follower 234 to move in the reverse direction, and there is no need for the first switching follower 234 to move axially, so that the joint device 230 can occupy a small axial space. The structure is more compact.

As shown in FIGS. 10, 11, 12, and 16, the first limiting portion includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced first protrusions arranged on the first switching follower 234 and extending toward the first rolling cage 232. Starting from 2341, the second limiting portion includes first grooves 2321 arranged on the outer ring of the first rolling cage 232 on the side facing the first switching follower 234 and spaced in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of first protrusions 2341 and the plurality of first grooves 2321 are matched in one-to-one correspondence. By providing a plurality of first protrusions 2341 and a plurality of first grooves 2321, the circumferential limit of the first switching follower 234 and the first rolling cage 232 can be stabilized, and the synchronous rotation can be more stable. Wherein, the end of the first protrusion 2341 may be semicircular, and the first groove 2321 may be a rectangular groove. The first protrusion 2341 provided in this way can easily extend into the rectangular groove, thereby improving the first switching slave The assembly efficiency between the movable member 234 and the first rolling cage 232.

As shown in Figure 3, Figure 13, Figure 14 and Figure 17, the first elastic reset mechanism 235 includes: a first elastic member 2351 and a first limiting member 2352, and the first limiting member 2352 and the first rolling cage 232 Rotating synchronously, the first elastic member 2351 is sleeved on the front half-shaft connector 221, and both ends of the first elastic member 2351 are respectively fitted on the first limiting member 2352 and the front half-shaft connecting head 221, the first limiting member 2352 can be lifted To the limit and cooperate with the first elastic member 2351. It can be understood that the first elastic member 2351 is an elastic ring with a gap, and the two ends of the elastic ring are respectively provided with first stop parts 2354, and the first stop parts 2354 are respectively fitted to the first stop part 2352 and the front half. In this way, after the first switching driver 233 is de-energized, the first elastic member 2351 can release the stored elastic force, and then drive the first rolling cage 232 to move relative to the front half-shaft connector 221, so that The first rolling member 231 moves from the engaged position to the separated position to realize the switch from the four-wheel drive mode to the two-wheel drive mode.

As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the first limiting member 2352 is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced second protrusions 2353 extending radially outward, and the inner ring of the first rolling cage 232 is facing the first limiting position. One side of the member 2352 is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced second grooves 2322, the plurality of second protrusions 2353 and the plurality of second grooves 2322 are matched in one-to-one correspondence, and the first limiting member 2352 is configured in a sheet shape, Moreover, the outer periphery of the first limiting member 2352 is provided with a first avoiding groove 2355, and the corresponding position of the front axle connector 221 is also provided with a second avoiding groove 2211, and the first stopping portion 2354 of the first elastic member 2351 is stopped at The first avoiding groove 2355 and the second avoiding groove 2211 are on the corresponding side walls. By providing a plurality of second protrusions 2353 and a plurality of second grooves 2322, the first limiting member 2352 and the first rolling cage 232 can be stabilized in the circumferential direction, and can effectively communicate with the first switching follower. 234 are spaced apart, so that the joining device 230 can be compact in structure and reasonably arranged.

Specifically, when the first switching follower 234 drives the first rolling cage 232 to move, the first limiting member 2352 is driven to move, and the first limiting member 2352 then drives one end of the first elastic member 2351 toward the other The end moves, as shown in FIG. 13, until the first rolling member 231 moves to the engaged position, and then the first elastic member 2351 is deformed to generate an elastic restoring force. After the first switching active member 233 is de-energized, the first elastic member 2351 The stored elastic force can be released, so that the first rolling member 231 can move from the engaged position to the separated position, so that the first rolling member 231 can complete the switch from the separated position to the engaged position, and then to the separated position. The process of switching from the drive mode to the four-wheel drive mode and then to the two-wheel drive mode.

As shown in FIG. 27, the front axle 200 may further include a housing 260, and the first switching active member 233 is fixed in the housing 260. That is to say, the electromagnet is fixed on the inner peripheral wall of the housing 260, so that the electromagnet can be fixed reliably, and the wire harness of the electromagnet can be electrically connected to the controller 600 after passing through the housing 260. The electromagnet has a ring shape and the front half The shaft connecting head 221 can correspondingly pass through the annular electromagnet, so as to prevent the electromagnet from interfering with the rotation of the front half shaft connecting head 221.

Wherein, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, each surface of the polygonal surface is a flat surface 223, and each first rolling element 231 has a separation position and two joint positions, and the separation position is located between the two joint positions. It is understandable that when the vehicle is in the forward gear and the four-wheel drive mode, the first rolling element 231 is engaged in one engagement position, and when the vehicle is in the reverse gear and the four-wheel drive mode, the first rolling element 231 is engaged in the other engagement position. Place. The engagement device 230 thus arranged can effectively switch to the four-wheel drive mode when the vehicle is in a forward gear or a reverse gear, thereby ensuring the form stability of the vehicle.

The front half-shaft connecting head 221 is connected with a front axle body, and the front axle body is spline-fitted with the front half-shaft connecting head 221. Specifically, the front half-shaft connecting head 221 is formed with a shaft hole 222, and the inner peripheral wall of the shaft hole 222 is provided with internal splines, The inner end of the front axle body is provided with an outer spline, and the inner spline is matched with the outer spline, so that the front half axle connecting head 221 and the front axle body can rotate synchronously, and the outer end of the front axle body is connected with the front wheel 300.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the front differential 250 may further include: a collinear holder, the collinear holder is arranged between the two front half shaft connectors 221 to hold the two The axes of the front half shaft connector 221 are collinear. By arranging the collinear retainer, the position deviation of the axes of the two front half shaft connectors 221 can be avoided, thereby ensuring that the axes of the two front half shafts 220 and the two front wheels 300 are collinear, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the front axle 200 Performance, which can make the vehicle run smoothly on the road.

As shown in FIG. 4, the collinear holder may be a sleeve 236, the sleeve 236 is disposed in the shaft holes 222 of the two front half-shaft connectors 221, and at least one front half-shaft connector 221 can rotate relative to the sleeve 236. The shaft sleeve 236 has a simple structure and can effectively ensure that the axes of the two front half shaft connectors 221 are collinear, which can avoid the position deviation of one of the two front half shaft connectors 221, and by connecting the two front half shaft connectors 221 sets Set on the sleeve 236, the axial space of the front axle 200 can be saved.

Among them, one of the two front half-shaft connecting heads 221 is in an interference fit with the sleeve 236, and the other of the two front half-shaft connecting heads 221 is in a clearance fit with the sleeve 236. That is to say, the sleeve 236 rotates synchronously with one of the front half shaft connectors 221, and rotates relative to the other front half shaft connector 221, so that the sleeve 236 can ensure that the two front half shaft connectors 221 do not interfere with each other. In order to maintain the collinear axis, the structural stability of the front differential 250 can be improved.

As shown in FIG. 4, the shaft hole 222 of each front half shaft connector 221 is provided with a seal, and the seal is located on the axial outside of the shaft sleeve 236. The seal can play the role of sealing the shaft hole 222 of the front half-shaft connector 221, and can prevent lubricating oil from flowing out of the housing 260 of the front axle 200, thereby ensuring the internal sealing of the front axle 200, and also preventing external impurities from entering Inside the housing 260, the front axle 200 can be prevented from rusting during storage, and the structural reliability of the front axle 200 can be ensured. Preferably, the sealing element is a bowl plug 238.

The shaft hole 222 is provided with a stepped portion, and the sleeve 236 is located between the stepped portions of the two front half-shaft connecting heads 221. The setting of the stepped portion can play the role of stopping the sleeve 236, can avoid the axial movement of the sleeve 236, can stabilize the axial position of the sleeve 236 and the two front half shaft connectors 221, and can further improve the front differential speed. The structural stability of the device 250. Wherein, as shown in FIG. 4, each front half shaft connecting head 221 is sleeved with a bearing 280 for supporting, and the bearing 280 may be a deep groove ball bearing.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 3, the front differential 250 may further include a partition 237, the partition 237 is sleeved on the shaft sleeve 236, and the partition 237 is located between the two front axle connecting heads 221. By providing the partition 237, the two joining devices 230 can be effectively separated, and interference after the two joining devices 230 move axially can be avoided, so that the working reliability of the two joining devices 230 can be further ensured.

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 29, the housing 260 of the front axle 200 may be provided with a breathing port 264. In the housing 260, the main oil chambers are defined on both axial sides of the front plate body 211, respectively. The chamber 261 is in communication with the primary separation chamber 262, the main oil chamber 261 is in communication with the primary separation chamber 262, and the primary separation chamber 262 is in communication with the breathing port 264. In this way, the gas in the front axle 200 can flow from the breathing port 264 to the outside after passing through the primary separation chamber 262. The housing 260 includes an end cover 281, in which the primary separation chamber 262 is located in the end cover 281, and the breathing port 264 is provided on the end cover 281.

Wherein, a first oil-gas separation device is arranged in the first-level separation chamber 262, and the first oil-gas separation device is arranged on the front half-shaft connecting head 221. The first oil and gas separation device can perform oil and gas separation in the primary separation chamber 262, so that the lubricating oil in the primary separation chamber 262 can be deposited on the inner peripheral wall of the housing 260, and then flow back to the main oil chamber 261, thereby The lubricating oil exhaled from the breathing port 264 can be reduced, the loss of lubricating oil can be avoided, and the lubrication reliability of the front axle 200 can be ensured.

Specifically, the first oil-gas separation device is the aforementioned first switching follower 234. Since the first switching follower 234 is disposed on the first rolling cage 232, it can follow the first rolling cage 232 and the front half shaft. The connecting head 221 rotates synchronously, and then the first switching follower 234 in the rotating state can continuously agitate the air in the primary separation chamber 262, which can cause the lubricating oil in the air to be thrown onto the inner peripheral wall of the housing 260, thereby enabling Reduce the exhalation of lubricating oil.

As shown in Figures 9 and 10, the first switching follower 234 includes a main body and the above-mentioned first limiting portion, the first limiting portion is perpendicular to the surface of the main body, and a plurality of cutting portions 2342 are formed on the outer periphery of the main body. The multiple cutting portions 2342 are mainly used to cut and agitate the surrounding air when the first switching follower 234 rotates, so that the lubricating oil in the air is deposited on the inner peripheral wall of the housing 260.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the circumferential end surface of the cutting portion 2342 is an arc-shaped surface, and a spacing groove 2343 is provided between two circumferentially adjacent cutting portions 2342. The curved surface can make the cutting portion 2342 have a larger cutting edge, so as to better agitate the air, and the spacing between the spacing groove 2343 and the cutting portion 2342 can enhance the degree of agitation of the air to a certain extent.

Further, as shown in FIG. 29, the ABS signal gear 270 is disposed in the end cover 281 of the housing 260, and the ABS signal gear 270 and the end cover 281 define a secondary separation chamber 263, and the secondary separation chamber 263 communicates with a secondary separation chamber 263. Between the stage separation chamber 262 and the breathing port 264, the ABS signal gear 270 is sleeved on the front axle connecting head 221. The ABS signal gear 270 may correspond to the front speed sensor 240, and the front speed sensor 240 may detect the number of teeth of the ABS signal gear 270 to calculate the speed information. Wherein, the air mixed with lubricating oil passes through the primary separation chamber 262 and then flows to the secondary separation chamber 263. The rotating ABS signal gear 270 can agitate the air in the secondary separation chamber 263 again, thereby making the air in The lubricating oil precipitates out and finally returns to the main oil chamber 261. By setting the ABS signal gear 270, it can be used to cooperate with the front speed sensor 240, and can be further used to release the lubricating oil in the air, thereby reducing the lubricating oil exhaled from the breathing port 264 and ensuring the movement of the front axle 200 Lubrication reliability of components.

Wherein, as shown in FIG. 30, an oil return groove 265 is formed at the bottom of the end cover 281, and the oil return groove 265 communicates between the secondary separation chamber 263 and the primary separation chamber 262. It can be understood that in the direction of rotation of the ABS signal gear 270, the lubricating oil continuously precipitates and flows downward, and then flows from the oil return groove 265 to the primary separation chamber 262, and then from the primary separation chamber 262 to the main oil chamber. The chamber 261, the oil return groove 265 provided in this way, can facilitate the return of lubricating oil, can more effectively reduce the loss of lubricating oil, and thus can improve the lubrication reliability of the front axle 200.

Optionally, an air outlet channel 266 is formed inside the end cover 281, and the air outlet channel 266 communicates between the breathing port 264 and the secondary separation chamber 263. The air outlet channel 266 and the oil return groove 265 are circumferentially spaced apart from the end cover 281. For example, the air outlet channel 266 can be arranged on the top of the end cover 281, so that the gas can rise easily until the air is exhaled from the breathing port 264, and the upward exhalation of lubricating oil can also be reduced. In addition, part of the lubricating oil can also adhere to the channel wall of the air outlet channel 266, and then flow back into the oil return groove 265 of the secondary separation chamber 263.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 30 and 31, the air outlet channel 266 is also connected with a backflow channel 267, and the backflow channel 267 is in communication with the secondary separation chamber 263. That is to say, in the process of air outlet, part of the lubricating oil can also flow back to the secondary separation chamber 263 through the return passage 267, and then flow from the oil return groove 265 to the primary separation chamber 262, and finally return to the main oil chamber 261 Therefore, the exhalation of lubricating oil can be further reduced, the lubrication reliability of the front differential 250 can be improved, and the service life of the front axle 200 can be prolonged. The internal space of the return passage 267 is a negative pressure zone, which can absorb part of the lubricating oil back into the secondary separation chamber 263 by means of negative pressure, and an arc is provided between the outlet of the return passage 267 and the inlet of the outlet passage 266 Boss, the arc-shaped boss constitutes the inner side wall of the return channel 267.

Also, as shown in FIG. 30, the breathing port 264 is located at the top of the end cover 281, an oil blocking wall 268 is provided inside the end cover 281, and the oil blocking wall 268 is located below the breathing port 264. In other words, the breathing port 264 is not directly connected to the lower chamber, and the oil blocking wall 268 can prevent the lubricating oil from directly entering the breathing port 264 to a certain extent, thereby reducing the exhalation of lubricating oil to at least a certain extent.

As shown in FIG. 30, the breathing port 264 is provided with an interface, and the interface is connected with a hose 269 extending vertically upward. The setting of the hose 269 can increase the position of the highest point of gas exhalation. By setting the hose 269, water can be prevented from entering the interior of the front differential 250 through the breathing port 264 in a wading environment, thereby effectively protecting the front differential 250. The reliability of the front differential 250 can be improved.

The rear differential 460 of the rear axle 400 will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the rear differential 460 of the rear axle 400 of the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention may include: a rear driven disc 410, two rear axle connectors 421, and a differential lock device 440 , The two rear axle connectors 421 and the differential lock device 440 are arranged on the inner side of the rear driven disc 410, of which the differential lock device 440 is one, and the differential lock device 440 selectively locks the corresponding rear half The shaft connecting head 421 and the rear driven disk 410 are thus locked. Once the differential lock device 440 is locked, the corresponding rear half shaft connecting head 421 and the rear driven disk 410 will become synchronously rotating. Due to the characteristics of the gear differential mechanism, the two rear half shaft connectors 421 will also become synchronous rotation, that is, the two half shaft connectors 421 and the rear driven disc 410 will become synchronous rotation, which can prevent the vehicle from turning and slipping. When the vehicle has slipped, the vehicle can be removed from the slipping environment, which can improve the driving stability of the vehicle. In a normal driving state, the differential lock device 440 is in an open state, and the two rear axle connectors 421 are in a differential rotation state.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 18, the rear driven disk 410 includes a rear driven gear 412 and a rear disk body 411. The rear driven gear 412 is fixed on the axial side of the rear disk body 411, and the rear driven gear 412 is connected to the rear disk body 411. The driving gear 112 is engaged, the rear disk body 411 of the rear driven disk 410 is hollow, and the inner peripheral surface of the rear disk 411 is the third contact surface. The rear driven disk 410 is provided with a planetary driving gear 413, two rear halves The shaft connecting head 421 is arranged inside the rear driven disc 410, and the two rear half shaft connecting heads 421 are axially spaced apart. The rear half shaft connecting head 421 is provided with a planetary driven gear 423, and the two planetary driven gears 423 are respectively It is meshed on both sides of the planetary driving gear 413. Thus, the power of the power plant 100 can be transmitted to the rear axle bodies of the two rear half shafts 420 through the planetary driving gear 413 and the planetary driven gear 423, so that the two rear wheels 500 can be driven to rotate on the road.

Among them, as shown in Figure 20-22, a semi-axial connector is correspondingly provided with a fourth contact surface, one of the third contact surface and the fourth contact surface is a toroidal surface and the other is connected by multiple surfaces in sequence In the formed polygonal surface, the differential lock device 440 is arranged between the third contact surface and the fourth contact surface.

As shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the differential lock device 440 includes: a second rolling member 441, a second rolling holder 442, a second switching active member 443, a second switching driven member 444, and a second elastic reset mechanism 445 , There are a plurality of second rolling elements 441, and the plurality of second rolling elements 441 are arranged on the second rolling cage 442, and the plurality of second rolling elements 441 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple faces of the polygonal surface, and can correspond to The surface of the torus moves to have a separation position and an engagement position with the torus surface.

As shown in FIG. 20, when the second rolling element 441 is located at the separated position, the second rolling element 441 is located at the center position of the corresponding polygonal surface. Since the center position of each surface of the polygonal surface has the largest distance from the torus surface, Therefore, there is a gap between the second rolling member 441 and the rear driven disk 410, and the rear driven disk 410 and the rear half shaft connector 421 rotate relative to each other without interference; as shown in FIG. 21, the second rolling member 441 At this time, the second rolling member 441 is located at the side edge of the corresponding polygonal surface. Since the side edge position of each polygonal surface has the smallest distance from the annular surface, the second rolling member 441 and the rear driven disk 410 Contact and resist, and then the rear driven disc 410 and the rear half shaft connecting head 421 can rotate synchronously. It can be understood that when the second rolling element 441 is in the separated position, the second rolling element 441 and the rear disc body There is a gap between the 411 and there is no contact, so that the rear plate body 411 and the rear axle connecting head 421 can rotate without interference with each other, and the vehicle is in normal driving at this time. When the second rolling element 441 is at the engaging position, the second rolling element 441 contacts and resists the rear plate body 411, in other words, the second rolling element 441 connects the rear plate body 411 with the rear half shaft when the second rolling element 441 is in the engaging position The head 421 is stuck, so that the two can rotate synchronously to realize the differential lock function.

As shown in FIG. 3, the second switching follower 444 is disposed on the second rolling holder 442, so that the second switching follower 444 can rotate synchronously with the second rolling holder 442, and the second switching driver 443 is selectively Ground driving the second switching follower 444 drives the second rolling cage 442 to move, thereby driving the second rolling member 441 to move along the corresponding polygonal surface, so that the second rolling member 441 moves from the separated position to the engaged position. The second switching driver 443 has the ability to control the second switching follower 444, which can control the movement of the second switching follower 444 according to its own state, so as to control the second rolling element 441 to move from the separated position to the engaged position, That is, the differential lock function is realized. Wherein, the controller 600 is electrically connected to the second switching driver 443 of the differential lock device 440, so that the controller 600 can correspondingly control whether the second switching driver 443 drives the second switching follower 444 to move, that is, the controller 600 can According to actual vehicle conditions, it is selectively controlled whether the rear axle 400 adopts a differential lock operation.

The second elastic return mechanism 445 is used to restore the second rolling element 441 from the engaged position to the separated position through the second rolling holder 442. That is, when the differential lock function is released, the second elastic reset mechanism 445 can drive the second rolling cage 442 to move through its own elastic force, so that the second rolling member 441 moves from the engaged position to the separated position. Realize the differential lock function. Wherein, the second switching driver 443 in the process no longer controls the second switching follower 444.

Thus, by disposing the second rolling member 441 and the second rolling cage 442 between the rear half shaft connecting head 421 and the rear plate body 411, the joint state between the rear half shaft connecting head 421 and the rear plate body 411 can be made The switch between the separated state and the separated state is rapid and reliable, and by setting the second switching active member 443 and the second elastic reset mechanism 445, the switching of the differential lock function can be controlled. The rear differential 460 thus arranged can adopt different control switching. The differential lock device 440 can be switched flexibly, the switching stability is good, and the jam phenomenon will not occur.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the second switching active member 443 is an electromagnetic member, which is electrically connected to the controller 600. The electromagnetic member may be an electromagnet, and the electromagnet is fixed to the end of the housing 260 of the rear axle 400. Inside the cover 281, the electromagnet and the controller 600 can be connected by a wire harness. The second switching follower 444 is a metal piece. The second switching driver 443 absorbs the second switching follower 444 when the power is on, so that the second switching follower 444 drives the second rolling cage 442 to move, so that The second rolling element 441 moves from the separated position to the engaged position. When the second switching active element 443 is in the power-off state, the second rolling element 441 is located at the separated position. That is to say, when the second switching active member 443 is in the power-off state, the second elastic reset mechanism 445 can use its elastic force to urge the second rolling cage 442 to move, so that the second rolling member 441 moves from the engaged position to the separated position. The second switching active member 443 thus arranged controls the position of the second rolling member 441 through electromagnetic force, which can make the differential lock device 440 simple in structure, reliable in control, and timely in state switching.

As shown in Figure 23, Figure 25 and Figure 28, the second switching follower 444 is provided with a third limiting portion, the outer side of the second rolling cage 442 is provided with a fourth limiting portion, the third limiting portion and the first The four limit parts limit circumferentially, thereby driving the second rolling cage 442 to move circumferentially. That is to say, the second switching follower 444 and the second rolling cage 442 are in position-limiting cooperation through two limit parts, so that the second switching follower 444 and the second rolling cage 442 can be synchronized. In this way, after the second switching driving member 443 is energized, the second switching follower 444 can drive the second rolling holder 442 to move, so that the second rolling member 441 can move from the separated position to the engaged position. In addition, by providing two limit parts, the movement of the second switching follower 444 can be reduced, and the cooperation between the second switching follower 444 and the second rolling cage 442 can be made simple and reliable.

Wherein, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the second switching driver 443 is located on the axially outer side of the second switching follower 444, and the second switching driver 443 is provided for the second switching follower 444 and the rear axle shaft. The magnetic attraction of the connecting head 421 in the opposite direction of movement makes the second rolling holder 442 drive the second rolling member 441 to rotate to the engaged position. Wherein, the second switching follower 444 rotates together with the second rolling element 441, and the outer surface of the second switching follower 444 can abut on the second switching driving element 443, when the second rolling element 441 is in the separated position , The second switching follower 444 frictionally moves on the active surface of the switching, and after the second switching active part 443 is energized, the second switching active part 443 can generate a magnetic attraction force opposite to the moving direction, so that the second rolling cage The relative movement between the 442 and the rear half shaft connecting head 421 further causes the second rolling element 441 to move from the separated position to the engaged position. The second switching driver 443 thus arranged can quickly generate the resistance that causes the second switching follower 444 to move in the reverse direction, and there is no need for the second switching follower 444 to move axially, so that the differential lock device 440 can axially occupy space. Small, more compact structure.

As shown in Figures 22 and 25, the third limiting portion includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced third protrusions 4441 arranged on the second switching follower 444 and extending toward the second rolling cage 442, and the fourth limiting portion The position portion includes third grooves 4421 arranged on the outer ring of the second rolling cage 442 on the side facing the second switching follower 444 and spaced in the circumferential direction, a plurality of third protrusions 4441 and a plurality of third grooves. The grooves 4421 are matched in one-to-one correspondence. By providing a plurality of third protrusions 4441 and a plurality of third grooves 4421, the circumferential limit of the second switching follower 444 and the second rolling cage 442 can be stabilized, and the synchronous rotation can be more stable. Wherein, the end of the third protrusion 4441 may be semicircular, and the third groove 4421 may be a rectangular groove. The third protrusion 4441 provided in this way can easily extend into the rectangular groove, thereby improving the second switching slave The assembly efficiency between the movable member 444 and the second rolling cage 442.

As shown in FIGS. 18 and 24, the second elastic reset mechanism 445 includes: a second elastic member 4451 and a second limiting member 4452, and the second limiting member 4452 rotates synchronously with the second rolling cage 442, and the second elastic The member 4451 is sleeved on the rear axle connecting head 421, and the two ends of the second elastic member 4451 are respectively fitted on the second limiting member 4452 and the rear axle connecting head 421. The second limiting member 4452 can limit and Cooperating with the second elastic member 4451. It can be understood that, as shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, the second elastic member 4451 is an elastic ring with a gap. The two ends of the elastic ring are respectively provided with second stop parts 4454, and the second stop parts 4454 respectively cooperate with each other. On the second limiting member 4452 and the rear half shaft connector 421, after the second switching active member 443 is powered off, the second elastic member 4451 can release the stored elastic force, and then drive the second rolling cage 442 It moves relative to the rear half-shaft connecting head 421, so that the second rolling element 441 moves from the engaged position to the disengaged position, realizing the differential lock function.

As shown in Figures 24-27, the second limiting member 4452 is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced fourth protrusions 4453 extending radially outward, and the inner ring of the second rolling cage 442 is facing the second limiting position. One side of the member 4452 is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced fourth grooves, the plurality of fourth protrusions 4453 and the plurality of fourth grooves are matched in a one-to-one correspondence, the second limiting member 4452 is configured in a sheet shape, and The outer circumference of the second limiting member 4452 is provided with a third avoiding groove 4455, and the corresponding position of the rear axle connector 421 is also provided with a fourth avoiding groove 4211. The second stopping portion 4454 of the second elastic member 4451 stops at the The three avoidance grooves 4455 and the fourth avoidance groove 4211 are on the corresponding side walls. By providing a plurality of fourth protrusions 4453 and a plurality of fourth grooves, the second limiting member 4452 and the second rolling cage 442 can be stabilized in the circumferential direction, and can effectively communicate with the second switching follower 444. Spaced apart, so that the differential lock device 440 can be compact in structure and reasonably arranged.

Specifically, when the second switching follower 444 drives the second rolling cage 442 to move, the second limiting member 4452 is driven to move, and the second limiting member 4452 then drives one end of the second elastic member 4451 toward the other. The end moves, as shown in FIG. 21, until the second rolling member 441 moves to the engaged position, and then the second elastic member 4451 is deformed to generate an elastic restoring force. After the second switching active member 443 is de-energized, the second elastic member 4451 The stored elastic force can be released, so that the second rolling element 441 can move from the engaged position to the separated position, so that the second rolling element 441 completes the switch from the separated position to the engaged position, and then to the separated position, which is also the rear of the vehicle. The process of the axle 400 from differential rotation to locked synchronous rotation, and then to differential rotation.

Optionally, the rear axle 400 may further include a housing, and the second switching active member 443 is fixed in the housing. That is to say, the electromagnet is fixed on the inner peripheral wall of the housing, so that the electromagnet can be fixed reliably, and it is convenient for the wire harness of the electromagnet to pass through the housing and be electrically connected to the controller 600. Among them, the electromagnet has a ring shape and is connected with a half shaft. The head can correspondingly pass through the ring-shaped electromagnet, so as to avoid the electromagnet from interfering with the rotation of the half-shaft connecting head.

Wherein, each surface of the polygonal surface is a flat surface, and each second rolling element 441 has a separation position and two joint positions, and the separation position is located between the two joint positions. It is understandable that when the vehicle is in forward gear and the differential is locked, the second rolling element 441 is fitted in one engagement position, and when the vehicle is in reverse gear and the differential is locked, the second rolling element 441 is fitted to the other. At the junction. The differential lock device 440 configured in this way can be effectively converted into a differential lock state when the vehicle is in a forward gear or a reverse gear, so that the form stability of the vehicle can be ensured.

The rear axle connecting head 421 is connected with a rear axle body, and the rear axle body is spline-fitted with the rear axle connecting head 421. Specifically, the rear axle connecting head 421 is formed with an axle hole 222, and the inner peripheral wall of the axle hole 222 is provided with an inner Spline, the inner end of the rear axle body is provided with an outer spline, and the inner spline is matched with the outer spline, so that the rear half axle connector 421 and the rear axle body can rotate synchronously, and the outer end of the rear axle body is connected with 500 rear wheels.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 19-21, the outer circumference of the rear half shaft connector 421 is sleeved with a matching member 422 that moves synchronously, and the outer peripheral surface of the matching member 422 is the fourth contact surface. In other words, the differential lock device 440 is not directly arranged on the rear axle connecting head 421, but is arranged on the mating member 422 on the rear axle connecting head 421. By providing the matching piece 422, the modification of the rear axle connector 421 can be reduced, and the matching piece 422 can be reliably matched with the coupling device 230, thereby ensuring the reliability of the differential lock function.

Among them, the fitting 422 is spline-fitted with the corresponding rear half shaft connecting head 421. It can be understood that the spline fitting can make the fitting 422 and the corresponding rear half shaft connector 421 rotate synchronously, and the fitting method is simple and reliable.

Optionally, the rear half shaft connector 421 is provided with an axial retaining ring, which is used to stop the fitting 422, and the axial retaining ring is located on the outside of the fitting 422, so that it can effectively prevent the fitting 422 from facing each other. The axial movement of the rear half shaft connector 421 can ensure the reliability of the mating member 422, thereby further ensuring the reliability of the differential lock function of the differential lock device 440.

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the controller 600 also controls the differential lock device 440 to lock the rear driven plate 410 and the corresponding rear axle connector 421 when the predetermined conditions are met. Once locked, due to the planetary Due to the characteristics of the gear differential mechanism, the two rear half shaft connecting heads 221 will become synchronously rotating. That is to say, when the controller 600 controls the engagement device 230 to engage the front plate body 211 and the corresponding front axle connector 221, the controller 600 can also synchronously control the differential lock device 440 to lock the rear plate body 411 and the corresponding rear plate 411. The half-shaft connector 421 can realize the functions of four-wheel drive mode and differential lock at the same time, thereby improving the reliability of turning of the vehicle and adapting the vehicle to various harsh road conditions.

Among them, the differential lock device 440 has the same structure as the engagement device 230, and the switching active part of the engagement device 230 and the switching active part of the differential lock device 440 are both electrically connected to the controller 600 to synchronously control the on and off states of the switching active part. . The differential lock device 440 and the engagement device 230 thus arranged have a simple structure and do not require multiple designs, which can further reduce the design difficulty of the front axle 200 and the rear axle 400, and the controller 600 can simultaneously control the engagement device 230 and the differential lock device 440's switching active parts, which can synchronously control the four-wheel drive mode and the differential lock mode, which can improve the reliability of the vehicle.

According to the vehicle driving method of the embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle adopts the vehicle driving system 1000 of the above-mentioned embodiment. As shown in FIG. 32, the driving method includes: receiving the speed information transmitted by the front speed sensor 240 and the rear speed sensor 430, according to Analyze and determine whether the rotational speed between the front wheel 300 and the rear wheel 500 meets the predetermined condition. If the rotational speed between the front wheel 300 and the rear wheel 500 meets the predetermined condition, the engagement device 230 is controlled by switching the active member to engage the front driven disc 210 and Front half shaft 220. A vehicle using this driving method can control the engagement device 230 to engage the front driven disc 210 and the front axle connector 221 through the controller 600 when the wheel speed of the vehicle meets predetermined conditions, so that the driving mode of the vehicle is switched from the two-wheel drive mode to the four-wheel drive mode. Drive mode, which can improve the handling performance of the vehicle and the passing ability when driving on bad road conditions, thereby enabling the vehicle to drive more stably under current road conditions, avoiding damage to the internal components of the vehicle, and prolonging the service life of the vehicle. In addition, this driving method does not require the driver's intervention, and the controller 600 can control and complete the switching process, so that the driver's control operation steps can be omitted and the vehicle's manipulation difficulty can be reduced.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 33, the driving method further includes: when a predetermined condition is met, the controller 600 further controls the differential lock device 440 to synchronously lock the driven plate 410 and the corresponding rear axle 420. That is to say, when the controller 600 controls the engagement device 230 to engage the front plate body 211 and the corresponding front axle connector 221, the controller 600 can also synchronously control the differential lock device 440 to lock the rear plate body 411 and the corresponding rear plate 411. The half-shaft connector 421 can realize the functions of four-wheel drive mode and differential lock at the same time, thereby improving the reliability of turning of the vehicle and adapting the vehicle to various harsh road conditions.

Optionally, as shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, the predetermined conditions include: V1>V2*a, the speed difference between the two rear wheels 500 is V1, the turning radius speed difference between the two rear wheels 500 is V2, and the safety factor For a, the turning radius speed difference refers to the difference in the speed of the two wheels when the left and right wheels are at the minimum turning radius. That is to say, when the driver is driving the vehicle, when the vehicle's wheel driving state meets the condition of V1>V2*a, the controller 600 controls the vehicle to switch from two-wheel drive to four-wheel drive mode. When the vehicle's wheel driving state meets V1 Under the condition of <V2*a, the controller 600 controls the vehicle to switch from the four-wheel drive mode to the two-wheel drive mode. Setting the predetermined conditions in this way can make the vehicle adapt to various harsh road conditions, avoid turning and slipping, thereby improving the driving stability of the vehicle, and avoiding damage to the transmission system and wheels, and prolonging the service life of the vehicle .

Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, the predetermined conditions include: V3>V4*a, the speed difference between the front wheels 300 and the rear wheels 500 is V3, and the average speed of the front wheels 300 and the rear wheels 500 is V4, the safety factor is a. That is to say, when the driver is driving the vehicle, when the vehicle's wheel driving state satisfies the condition of V3>V4*a, the controller 600 controls the vehicle to switch from two-wheel drive to four-wheel drive mode. When the vehicle's wheel driving state satisfies V3 Under the condition of <V4*a, the controller 600 controls the vehicle to switch from the four-wheel drive mode to the two-wheel drive mode. Setting the predetermined conditions in this way can make the vehicle adapt to various harsh road conditions, avoid turning and slipping, thereby improving the driving stability of the vehicle, and avoiding damage to the transmission system and wheels, and prolonging the service life of the vehicle .

The vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the driving system 1000 of the vehicle of the above-mentioned embodiment.

In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. means to incorporate the implementation The specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in the examples or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above-mentioned terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and purpose of the present invention. Variations, the scope of the utility model is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

A differential is characterized in that it comprises:

Driving gear

A driven disk, the driven disk is provided with a driven gear, the driven gear meshes with the driving gear, the inside of the driven disk is hollow and the inner peripheral surface is the first contact surface;

Two half-shaft connectors, the two half-shaft connectors are arranged inside the driven disc and are axially spaced apart, the outer peripheral surface of the half-shaft connector is a second contact surface, and the first contact One of the surface and the second contact surface is a torus surface and the other is a polygonal surface formed by successively connecting multiple surfaces;

Two sets of joining devices, the two sets of joining devices correspond to the two half-shaft connecting heads one-to-one and are all arranged in the driven disc, and each set of the joining devices includes: a rolling element, a rolling cage, The switching active part, the switching follower and the first elastic reset mechanism, the plurality of rolling elements are arranged on the rolling cage, and the plurality of rolling elements are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of surfaces of the polygonal surface , And can move along the corresponding surface, so as to have a separation position and an engagement position with the toroidal surface. When the rolling element is located at the separation position, the driven disc rotates relative to the semi-axial connector, When the rolling element is in the engagement position, the driven disc rotates synchronously with the half shaft connector, the switching follower is arranged on the rolling cage, and the switching driving element selectively drives The switching follower drives the rolling cage to move, thereby driving the rolling element to move along the corresponding surface to move the rolling element from the separation position to the engagement position, and the first elastic reset The mechanism is used for returning the rolling element from the engaging position to the separating position.
The differential according to claim 1, wherein the switching active part is an electromagnetic part, the switching follower is a metal part, and the switching active part absorbs the switching follower when the power is on. , So that the switching follower drives the rolling cage to move, so that the rolling element moves from the separation position to the engagement position. When the switching driving element is in the power-off state, the rolling element Located in the separated position.
The differential according to claim 2, wherein the switching follower is provided with a first limiting portion, the outer side of the rolling cage is provided with a second limiting portion, and the first limiting The part and the second limit part are circumferentially restricted and allow the switching follower to move axially relative to the rolling cage, thereby driving the rolling cage to move in the circumferential direction.
The differential according to claim 3, wherein the switching active part is located on the axially outer side of the switching follower and is provided for the direction of movement of the switching follower and the half shaft connector in the opposite direction. Magnetic attraction, so that the rolling cage drives the rolling element to rotate.
The differential according to claim 3, wherein the first limiting portion includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced first protrusions arranged on the switching follower and extending toward the rolling cage. Beginning, the second limiting portion includes first grooves arranged on the outer ring of the rolling cage on the side facing the switching follower and spaced in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of the first protrusions It is matched with a plurality of the first grooves in a one-to-one correspondence.
The differential according to claim 2, wherein the axle further comprises a housing, and the switching active part is fixed to the housing.
The differential according to claim 1, wherein each surface of the polygonal surface is a flat surface, each of the rolling elements has a separation position and two engagement positions, and the separation position is located at the two joint positions. Between the joint positions.
The differential according to claim 1, wherein the first elastic reset mechanism comprises: a first elastic member and a first limiting member, and the first limiting member is fitted to the rolling cage The inner circumference is rotated synchronously with the rolling cage, the first elastic member is sleeved on the half-shaft connecting head, and both ends are respectively matched with the first limiting member and the half-shaft connecting head.
The differential according to claim 8, wherein the first limiting member is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced second protrusions extending radially outward, and the inner ring of the rolling cage A plurality of circumferentially spaced second grooves are provided on the side facing the first limiting member, and the plurality of second protrusions and the plurality of second grooves are matched in a one-to-one correspondence.
The differential according to claim 8, wherein the first limiting member is configured in a sheet shape and is provided with a first avoiding groove on the outer periphery, and the half-shaft connector is correspondingly provided with a second avoiding groove, so The two ends of the first elastic member simultaneously abut against the corresponding side walls of the first avoiding groove and the second avoiding groove.
A differential is characterized in that it comprises:

A driven disk, wherein the inside of the driven disk is hollow and the inner peripheral surface is the first contact surface;

A half-shaft connector, the half-shaft connector is arranged inside the driven disc, the outer peripheral surface of the half-shaft connector is a second contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface are One is a torus and the other is a polygonal surface formed by connecting multiple surfaces in sequence;

The engagement device corresponds to the half-shaft connector and is arranged in the driven disc, and the engagement device includes: a rolling element, a rolling cage, a switching active element and a switching driven element, the rolling element The plurality of rolling elements are arranged in the rolling cage, and the plurality of rolling elements are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple surfaces of the polygonal surface, and can move along the corresponding surface, so as to be in line with the toroidal surface. It has a separation position and an engagement position. When the rolling element is in the separation position, the driven disc rotates relative to the half-shaft connector. When the rolling element is in the engagement position, the driven disc and the The half-shaft connection head rotates synchronously, the switching follower is arranged on the rolling cage, and the switching driving member selectively drives the switching follower to drive the rolling cage to move, thereby driving the The rolling element moves along the corresponding surface to move the rolling element from the separation position to the engagement position.
The differential according to claim 11, wherein the switching active part is an electromagnetic part, the switching follower is a metal part, and the switching active part absorbs the switching follower when it is energized. , So that the switching follower drives the rolling cage to move, so that the rolling element moves from the separation position to the engagement position. When the switching driving element is in the power-off state, the rolling element Located in the separated position.
The differential according to claim 12, wherein the switching follower is provided with a first limiting portion, the outer side of the rolling cage is provided with a second limiting portion, and the first limiting The part and the second limit part are circumferentially restricted and allow the switching follower to move axially relative to the rolling cage, thereby driving the rolling cage to move in the circumferential direction.
The differential according to claim 13, wherein the switching active part is located on the axially outer side of the switching follower and is provided for the direction of movement of the switching follower and the half shaft connector in the opposite direction. Magnetic attraction, so that the rolling cage drives the rolling element to rotate.
The differential according to claim 13, wherein the first limiting portion includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced first protrusions arranged on the switching follower and extending toward the rolling cage. Beginning, the second limiting portion includes first grooves arranged on the outer ring of the rolling cage on the side facing the switching follower and spaced in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of the first protrusions It is matched with a plurality of the first grooves in a one-to-one correspondence.
The differential according to claim 11, further comprising: a first elastic reset mechanism, the first elastic reset mechanism comprising: a first elastic member and a first limiting member, the first limiting member The first elastic member is fitted on the inner circumference of the rolling cage and rotates synchronously with the rolling cage. The first elastic member is sleeved on the half-shaft connector and both ends are respectively fitted to the first limiting member and The half shaft is connected to the head.
The differential according to claim 16, wherein the first limiting member is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced second protrusions extending radially outward, and the inner ring of the rolling cage is A plurality of circumferentially spaced second grooves are provided on the side facing the first limiting member, and the plurality of second protrusions and the plurality of second grooves are matched in a one-to-one correspondence.
The differential according to claim 16, wherein the first limiting member is configured in a sheet shape and is provided with a first avoiding groove on the outer periphery, and the half-shaft connector is correspondingly provided with a second avoiding groove, so The two ends of the first elastic member simultaneously abut against the corresponding side walls of the first avoiding groove and the second avoiding groove.
A vehicle axle, characterized in that it comprises:

The differential of any one of claims 1-18;

A shaft body, the shaft body is respectively fitted in the two half-shaft connecting heads.
A vehicle characterized by comprising the vehicle axle of claim 19.