WO2021056866A1 - 交流发电机及用电系统 - Google Patents

交流发电机及用电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021056866A1
WO2021056866A1 PCT/CN2019/126449 CN2019126449W WO2021056866A1 WO 2021056866 A1 WO2021056866 A1 WO 2021056866A1 CN 2019126449 W CN2019126449 W CN 2019126449W WO 2021056866 A1 WO2021056866 A1 WO 2021056866A1
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plate
electrode plate
induction
negative
positive
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PCT/CN2019/126449
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李鹏卓
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李鹏卓
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Publication of WO2021056866A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021056866A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of power generation equipment, in particular to an alternator and a power consumption system.
  • the commonly used AC generators all use the principle of electromagnetic induction to make the conductor cut the magnetic induction line to generate electricity.
  • This kind of generator is not only complicated in structure, but also because the current in the rotor itself is also generating a changing magnetic field. The long-term existence of this magnetic field will cause the permanent magnet on the stator to demagnetize, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide an alternator and a power consumption system to alleviate the technical problem of low power generation efficiency of the alternator in the prior art.
  • the AC generators provided in this application include:
  • the first induction electrode plate assembly and the second induction electrode plate assembly fixedly arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the central axis are respectively configured to connect two terminals of the electrical appliance;
  • the first induction electrode plate assembly includes at least two parallel layers A first sensing electrode plate arranged opposite to each other, and the second sensing electrode plate assembly includes at least two layers of second sensing electrode plates arranged opposite to each other in parallel;
  • the rotating structure capable of rotating around the central axis includes a positive electrode plate assembly and a negative electrode plate assembly arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the central axis;
  • the positive electrode plate assembly includes at least two layers of positive electrodes that contain positive charges and face in parallel A plate
  • the negative plate assembly includes at least two layers of negative plates that contain negative charges and are parallel and opposite to each other;
  • a set of the first sensing electrode plate assembly and a set of the second sensing electrode plate assembly form a pair of sensing electrode plate assemblies, and the sensing electrode plate assembly is a pair, Two or more pairs.
  • the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate can be mutually connected with the first sensor electrode plate and the second sensor electrode plate in a pair of the sensor electrode plate assembly at the same time. Interspersed with intervals.
  • the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, the first induction electrode plate, and the second induction electrode plate all include a conductive core, and an insulating layer is attached to the surface of the conductive core.
  • the conductive cores in the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are both permanent electrical bodies.
  • the first sensing electrode plate, the second sensing electrode plate, the positive electrode plate, and the negative electrode plate are all flat plates, and each layer of the first sensing electrode plate Are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the central axis, each layer of the second sensing electrode plate is arranged in sequence along the length direction of the central axis, the positive electrode plate of each layer is arranged in sequence along the length direction of the central axis, and each layer The negative plates are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the central axis.
  • the shape of the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, the first sensing electrode plate and/or the second sensing electrode plate is semicircular, sector-shaped, rectangular, or triangular. Or trapezoid.
  • the shapes of the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, the first sensing electrode plate, and the second sensing electrode plate are all semi-circular or fan-shaped with the same central angle.
  • the first sensing electrode plate, the second sensing electrode plate, the positive electrode plate, and the negative electrode plate are all arc-shaped plates, and the first sensing electrode plate, The arc centers of the second induction electrode plate, the positive electrode plate, and the negative electrode plate are all located on the central axis; the first induction electrode plates of each layer are arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the central axis, each The layers of the second sensing electrode plates are arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the central axis, the positive plates of each layer are arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the central axis, and the negative plates of each layer are arranged along the radial direction of the central axis. Set in order.
  • the plate surface of the first sensing electrode plate, the plate surface of the second sensing electrode plate, the plate surface of the positive electrode plate and/or the plate surface of the negative electrode plate Each has multiple protrusions.
  • the rotating structure further includes a bearing, the inner ring of the bearing is sleeved with the central shaft, and the positive plate assembly and the negative plate assembly are both connected to the bearing The outer ring is fixedly connected.
  • any two adjacent layers of the positive electrode plates are connected to each other, any two adjacent layers of the negative electrode plates are connected to each other, and any two adjacent layers of the first induction plate are connected to each other.
  • the pole plates are connected to each other, and any two adjacent layers of the second sensing pole plates are connected to each other.
  • This application also provides another alternator, including:
  • the first induction electrode plate assembly and the second induction electrode plate assembly fixedly arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the central axis are respectively configured to connect two terminals of electrical appliances;
  • the first induction electrode plate assembly includes at least two Layers of first sensing electrode plates arranged in parallel and facing each other
  • the second sensing electrode plate assembly includes at least two layers of second sensing electrode plates arranged in parallel facing and facing each other;
  • the rotating structure capable of rotating around the central axis includes a positive plate assembly or a negative plate assembly
  • the positive plate assembly includes at least two layers of positive plates containing positive charges and facing in parallel.
  • the positive plate can cyclically interact with the first plate during rotation.
  • a sensing electrode plate and the second sensing electrode plate are interspersed with each other to form a capacitor;
  • the negative plate assembly includes at least two layers of negative plates accommodating negative charges and facing in parallel.
  • a sensing electrode plate and the second sensing electrode plate are interspersed with each other to form a capacitor.
  • the present application provides a power utilization system, which includes the above-mentioned alternator.
  • the AC generator provided by the present application is mainly composed of a rotating structure, a first induction pole plate assembly, and a second induction pole plate assembly.
  • the rotating structure can rotate around a central axis, and specifically includes: The positive electrode plate assembly and the negative electrode plate assembly; the first induction electrode plate assembly and the second induction electrode plate assembly are sequentially fixedly arranged along the circumferential direction of the central axis, and can be respectively connected with two terminals of the electrical appliance.
  • the above-mentioned positive plate assembly includes at least two layers of positive plates that contain positive charges and are arranged in parallel and oppositely;
  • the above-mentioned negative plate assembly includes at least two layers of negative plates that contain negative charges and are arranged in parallel and oppositely;
  • Two layers of first sensing electrode plates arranged in parallel and facing each other, and the second sensing electrode plate assembly includes at least two layers of second sensing electrode plates arranged in parallel facing each other.
  • the positive plate When the positive plate rotates around the central axis under the action of external force, it can cyclically intersect with the first sensing plate and the second sensing plate to form a capacitance.
  • the positive plate and the first sensing plate are interspersed with each other, Under the action of the electric field of the positive electrode plate, the negative charge on the second induction electrode plate will flow to the first induction electrode plate through the electrical appliance, and the direction of the current generated is the current from the first induction electrode plate to the second induction electrode plate;
  • the second induction plates are interspersed with each other, under the action of the electric field of the positive plate, the negative charge on the first induction plate will flow to the second induction plate through the electrical appliance, and the direction of current generation is from the second induction plate to the first induction plate.
  • the negative plate assembly rotates around the central axis under the action of external force, it can also cyclically intersect with the first sensing plate and the second sensing plate to form a capacitor.
  • the negative plate and the first sensing plate When interspersed with each other, under the action of the electric field of the negative plate, the negative charge on the first induction plate will flow to the second induction plate through the electrical appliance, and the current direction is from the second induction plate to the first induction plate.
  • alternating current can be generated between the first induction plate assembly and the second induction plate assembly, that is, for a certain period of time, the current flows from the first induction plate assembly to The second induction electrode plate assembly; there is another time period, the current flows from the second induction electrode plate assembly to the first induction electrode plate assembly.
  • the total facing area will increase, and the power generation efficiency can also be improved.
  • the AC generator provided by the present application has high power generation efficiency.
  • alternator Compared with the above-mentioned alternator, there is another alternator provided by the present application.
  • the rotating structure of the alternator can be provided with any one of the positive plate assembly and the negative plate assembly, which can also improve the power generation efficiency, and will not be repeated.
  • the power utilization system provided by the present application includes the above-mentioned alternator, and therefore, has all the advantages of the above-mentioned alternator and has high power generation efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the main structure of the first AC generator provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a part of the structure of the first type of alternator provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the first type of alternator connected to useful electrical appliances according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of the main structure of a second type of alternator provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a third type of alternator provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the main structure of a fourth type of alternator provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 7 is an exploded view of a part of the structure of a fourth type of alternator provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a fourth type of alternator connected to useful electrical appliances according to an embodiment of the application.
  • Icon 1-Positive plate assembly; 2-Negative plate assembly; 3-First sensing electrode plate assembly; 4-Second sensing electrode plate assembly; 5-Central shaft;
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they may be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral Ground connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be a connection between two components.
  • parallel should also be understood in a broad sense. For example, two planes arranged in parallel can be referred to as parallel, and any point on the two arcs with equal spacing in the radial direction can also be referred to as parallel.
  • parallel for those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms in this application can be understood under specific circumstances.
  • the alternator provided by this embodiment is mainly composed of a rotating structure, a first induction plate assembly 3 and a second induction plate assembly 4.
  • the rotating structure can rotate around a central axis 5, and Specifically, it includes a positive electrode plate assembly 1 and a negative electrode plate assembly 2 arranged in sequence along the central axis 5; the first sensing electrode plate assembly 3 and the second sensing electrode plate assembly 4 are fixedly arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the central axis 5, and can be respectively connected with The two terminals of the electrical appliance 6 are connected.
  • the above-mentioned positive plate assembly 1 includes at least two layers of positive plates 11 that contain positive charges and are arranged in parallel and oppositely;
  • the above-mentioned negative plate assembly 2 includes at least two layers of negative plates 21 that contain negative charges and are arranged in parallel and oppositely;
  • the plate assembly 3 includes at least two layers of first sensing electrode plates 31 arranged in parallel and opposite to each other, and the second sensing electrode plate assembly 4 includes at least two layers of second sensing electrode plates 41 arranged in parallel and opposite to each other.
  • the positive plate 11 When the positive plate 11 rotates around the central axis 5 under the action of an external force, it can cyclically intersect with the first sensing plate 31 and the second sensing plate 41 to form a capacitor.
  • the positive plate 11 and the first sensing plate When 31 is interspersed with each other under the action of the electric field of the positive plate 11, the negative charge on the second induction plate 41 will flow to the first induction plate 31 via the electrical appliance 6, generating a current direction Is the current flowing from the first induction electrode plate 31 to the second induction electrode plate 41; when the positive electrode plate 11 and the second induction electrode plate 41 intersect each other (this state is not shown in the figure), the electric field acts on the positive electrode plate 11 Next, the negative charge on the first induction electrode plate 31 will flow to the second induction electrode plate 41 via the electrical appliance 6, and the current direction is generated from the second induction electrode plate 41 to the first induction electrode plate 31.
  • the negative electrode plate 21 when the negative electrode plate 21 rotates around the central axis 5 under the action of external force, it can also cyclically intersect with the first sensing electrode plate 31 and the second sensing electrode plate 41 to form a capacitor.
  • an induction electrode plate 31 is interspersed with each other (this state is not shown in the figure)
  • the negative charge on the first induction electrode plate 31 will flow to the second induction electrode plate 41 via the electrical appliance 6
  • the direction of the current generated is the current from the second induction plate 41 to the first induction plate 31; when the negative plate 21 and the second induction plate 41 intersect each other (as shown in Figures 1 to 5), the negative plate Under the action of the electric field 21, the negative charge on the second induction electrode plate 41 will flow to the first induction electrode plate 31 via the electrical appliance 6, and a current direction is generated from the first induction electrode plate 31 to the second induction electrode plate 41.
  • alternating current can be generated between the first induction electrode plate assembly 3 and the second induction electrode plate assembly 4, that is, for a certain period of time, the current flows from the first induction electrode plate
  • the component 3 flows to the second sensing electrode plate assembly 4; there is another time period when the current flows from the second sensing electrode plate assembly 4 to the first sensing electrode plate assembly 3.
  • the positive electrode plate 11 and the first induction electrode plate 31 are interspersed with each other, there is at least one layer of the first induction electrode plate 31 that can be directly opposite to the two layers of the positive electrode plate 11 at the same time, which increases the distance between the first induction electrode plate 31 and the positive electrode plate 11 The total facing area, thus, can generate a larger current, which is convenient to improve the power generation efficiency; when the positive electrode plate 11 and the second induction electrode plate 41 intersect each other, there is at least one layer of the second induction electrode plate 41 that can simultaneously interact with the two positive electrode plates.
  • the plate 11 is directly facing, which increases the total facing area of the second induction plate 41 and the positive plate 11, which facilitates the improvement of power generation efficiency; when the negative plate 21 and the first induction plate 31 intersect each other, there is at least one layer of first
  • the induction electrode plate 31 can face the two layers of negative electrode plates 21 at the same time, which increases the total facing area of the first induction electrode plate 31 and the negative electrode plate 21, which facilitates the improvement of power generation efficiency; when the negative electrode plate 21 and the second induction electrode plate 41 When interspersed with each other, there is at least one layer of the second induction plate 41 that can simultaneously face the two layers of negative plates 21, which increases the total facing area of the second induction plate 41 and the negative plate 21 and facilitates the improvement of power generation efficiency.
  • the total facing area will increase, and the power generation efficiency can also be improved.
  • the AC generator provided in this embodiment has high power generation efficiency.
  • the first induction electrode plate assembly 3 and the second induction electrode plate assembly 4 are relatively fixed, the first induction electrode plate assembly 3 and the second induction electrode plate assembly 4 can always be in a state of being connected to the electrical appliance 6. Therefore, it is possible to completely prevent harmful arc discharges caused by intermittent contact or even instantaneous point contact.
  • the positive electrode plate 11 and the first induction electrode plate 31 intersect each other, they are insulated from each other (for example, they are not in contact with each other); when the positive electrode plate 11 and the second induction electrode plate 41 intersect each other, they Also insulated from each other (such as not touching each other).
  • the negative electrode plate 21 and the first inductive electrode plate 31 are inserted into each other, they are insulated from each other (such as not in contact with each other); when the negative electrode plate 21 and the second inductive electrode plate 41 are inserted into each other, they are insulated from each other (such as mutually not in contact).
  • the rotating structure can be driven by wind or water power.
  • a set of first sensing electrode plate assemblies 3 and a set of second sensing electrode plate assemblies 4 can form a pair of sensing electrode plate assemblies, and the sensing electrode plate assemblies can be arranged in one pair, two pairs or multiple pairs.
  • the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 21 can be interspersed with the first induction electrode plate 31 and the second induction electrode plate 41 of the pair of induction electrode plate assemblies at the same time, so as to increase the current value flowing through the electrical appliance.
  • the positive electrode plate assembly 1 and the negative electrode plate assembly 2 can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically.
  • the first induction electrode plate assembly 3 and the second induction electrode plate assembly 4 can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically; in this embodiment, the positive electrode The plate assembly 1 and the negative electrode plate assembly 2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 5, and the first induction electrode plate assembly 3 and the second induction electrode plate assembly 4 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 5, so that the positive electrode plate assembly 1 and the negative electrode During the rotation of the plate assembly 2 around the central axis 5, the current value flowing through the electrical appliance 6 can be further increased.
  • a conductive core can be provided in the positive electrode plate 11, the negative electrode plate 21, the first induction electrode plate 31 and the second induction electrode plate 41, and an insulating layer can be attached to the surface of the conductive core.
  • a permanent electric body can be used as the conductive core in the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 21.
  • the electric charge in the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 21 can be supplemented by a power source to maintain the stability of the electric field.
  • the first sensing electrode plate 31, the second sensing electrode plate 41, the positive electrode plate 11, and the negative electrode plate 21 are all set as flat plates.
  • the first sensing plate 31, the second sensing plate 41, and the negative electrode plate 21 are all set as flat plates.
  • the first sensing electrode plates 31 of each layer in a sensing electrode plate assembly 3 are arranged at intervals along the length of the central axis 5, and the second sensing electrode plates 41 of each layer in the second sensing electrode plate assembly 4 of the same group are arranged along the central axis 5
  • the positive plates 11 in the positive plate assembly 1 of the same group are arranged at intervals along the length of the central axis 5, and the negative plates 21 in the negative plate assembly 2 of the same group are arranged at intervals along the length of the central axis 5. In this way, the purpose of the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 21 being able to cyclically intersect with the first sensing electrode plate 31 and the second sensing electrode plate 41 in the process of synchronous rotation can be achieved.
  • the shapes of the positive electrode plate 11, the negative electrode plate 21, the first sensing electrode plate 31, and the second sensing electrode plate 41 can be selected and set according to needs, such as semicircle, sector, rectangle, triangle, or trapezoid, etc. .
  • the shapes of the positive electrode plate 11, the negative electrode plate 21, the first sensing electrode plate 31, and the second sensing electrode plate 41 can all be set to be semi-circular or have the same central angle.
  • the fan shape makes it easy to enlarge the facing area.
  • the first sensing electrode plate 31, the second sensing electrode plate 41, the positive electrode plate 11, and the negative electrode plate 21 are all set as arc-shaped plates.
  • the first sensing electrode plates 31 of each layer in the first sensing electrode plate assembly 3 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the central axis 5 (perpendicular to the length direction of the central axis 5), and each of the second sensing electrode plate assemblies 4 in the same group
  • Layers of second sensing electrode plates 41 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the central axis 5
  • each layer of positive plates 11 in the same group of positive plate assembly 1 is arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the central axis 5
  • the negative plates 21 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the central axis 5. In this way, the positive plate 11 and the negative plate 21 can be cyclically connected to the first induction plate 31 and the second induction
  • the plate surface of any one or more of the first sensing electrode plate 31, the second sensing electrode plate 41, the positive electrode plate 11, and the negative electrode plate 21 can be set as a plate surface having a plurality of protrusions, so that it can be further increased
  • the total area is directly facing to improve the efficiency of power generation.
  • the specific structure of the rotating structure also includes a bearing 7.
  • the inner ring of the bearing 7 is sleeved on the central shaft 5.
  • the positive plate assembly 1 and the negative plate assembly 2 are fixedly connected to the outer ring of the bearing 7, thus, the function of the bearing 7 Below, the positive plate assembly 1 and the negative plate assembly 2 can rotate around the central axis 5.
  • any two adjacent layers of positive plates 11 are connected to each other, that is, all the positive plates 11 in the same positive plate assembly 1 are connected to each other; any two adjacent layers of negative plates 21 are connected to each other, that is, the same All the negative plates 21 in the negative plate assembly 2 are connected to each other; any two adjacent layers of the first sensing plate 31 are connected to each other, that is, all the first sensing plates in the same first sensing plate assembly 3 31 are connected to each other; any two adjacent layers of second sensing electrode plates 41 can conduct electricity, that is, all second sensing electrode plates 41 in the same second sensing electrode plate assembly 4 are connected to each other .
  • This embodiment also provides another alternator.
  • the rotating structure of the alternator can be provided with any one of the positive plate assembly 1 and the negative plate assembly 2, which can also improve the power generation efficiency. , The principle of power generation will not be repeated.
  • This embodiment also provides a power utilization system, including the above-mentioned alternator.
  • the power utilization system provided by this embodiment has all the advantages of the above-mentioned alternator and has high power generation efficiency.
  • this application discloses an alternator, which overcomes many technical defects of the traditional alternator.
  • the alternator provided by this embodiment has high power generation efficiency; in addition, it can completely prevent harmful arc discharges caused by intermittent contact or even instantaneous point contact.

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Abstract

一种交流发电机及用电系统，涉及发电设备技术领域，其中，沿中心轴（5）的周向依次固定设置的第一感应极板组件（3）和第二感应极板组件（4），分别连接用电器（6）的两个接线端，第一感应极板组件（3）包括至少两层第一感应极板（31），第二感应极板组件（4）包括至少两层第二感应极板（41）；能绕中心轴（5）转动的转动结构，包括沿中心轴（5）的周向依次设置的正极板组件（1）和负极板组件（2）；正极板组件（1）包括至少两层容纳有正电荷的正极板（11），负极板组件（2）包括至少两层容纳有负电荷的负极板（21）；正极板（11）和负极板（21）在同步转动的过程中，分别依次与第一感应极板（31）和第二感应极板（41）相互穿插，形成电容。用电系统包括上述交流发电机。上述交流发电机及用电系统，发电效率较高。

Description

交流发电机及用电系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年09月24日提交中国专利局的申请号为CN201910909233.6、名称为“交流发电机”以及于2019年12月09日提交中国专利局的申请号为CN201911254108.2的名称为“交流发电机及用电系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及发电设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种交流发电机及用电系统。
背景技术
当前所普遍使用的交流发电机均利用电磁感应原理，使导体切割磁感线发电。这种发电机不仅结构复杂，而且因为转子中的电流本身也在产生变化的磁场，这种磁场的长时间存在，会导致定子上的永磁铁退磁，从而导致发电效率降低。
综上，如何克服现有的交流发电机的上述缺陷是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种交流发电机及用电系统，以缓解现有技术中的交流发电机存在的发电效率较低的技术问题。
本申请提供的交流发电机，包括：
沿中心轴的周向依次固定设置的第一感应极板组件和第二感应极板组件，分别被配置成连接用电器的两个接线端；所述第一感应极板组件包括至少两层平行正对设置的第一感应极板，所述第二感应极板组件包括至少两层平行正对设置的第二感应极板；
能绕所述中心轴转动的转动结构，包括沿所述中心轴的周向依次设置的正极板组件和负极板组件；所述正极板组件包括至少两层容纳有正电荷且平行正对的正极板，所述负极板组件包括至少两层容纳有负电荷且平行正对的负极板；
所述正极板和所述负极板在同步转动的过程中，能够分别依次循环地与所述第一感应极板和所述第二感应极板相互穿插，形成电容。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，一组所述第一感应极板组件和一组所述第二感应极板组件形成一对感应极板组件，所述感应极板组件为一对、两对或多对。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，所述正极板和所述负极板能够同时分别与一对所述感应极板组件中的所述第一感应极板和所述第二感应极板相互间隔穿插。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，所述正极板、所述负极板、第一感应极板和第二感应极板均包括导电芯体，所述导电芯体的表面附设有绝缘层。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，所述正极板和所述负极板中的所述导电芯体均为永电体。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，所述第一感应极板、所述第二感应极板、所述正极板和所述负极板均为平面板，各层所述第一感应极板沿所述中心轴的长度方向依次设置，各层所述第二感应极板沿所述中心轴的长度方向依次设置，各层所述正极板沿所述中心轴的长度方向依次设置，各层所述负极板沿所述中心轴的长度方向依次设置。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，所述正极板、所述负极板、所述第一感应极板和/或所述第二感应极板的形状为半圆形、扇形、矩形、三角形或梯形。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，所述正极板、所述负极板、所述第一感应极板和所述第二感应极板的形状均为半圆形或圆心角相同的扇形。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，所述第一感应极板、所述第二感应极板、所述正极板和所述负极板均为弧形板，所述第一感应极板、所述第二感应极板、所述正极板和所述负极板的弧形圆心均位于所述中心轴上；各层所述第一感应极板沿所述中心轴的径向依次设置，各层所述第二感应极板沿所述中心轴的径向依次设置，各层所述正极板沿所述中心轴的径向依次设置，各层所述负极板沿所述中心轴的径向依次设置。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，所述第一感应极板的板面、所述第二感应极板的板面、所述正极板的板面和/或所述负极板的板面均具有多个凸起部。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，所述转动结构还包括轴承，所述轴承的内圈与所述中心轴套接，所述正极板组件和所述负极板组件均与所述轴承的外圈固定连接。
可选地，作为一种可实施方式，任意相邻的两层所述正极板相互导通，任意相邻的两层所述负极板相互导通，任意相邻的两层所述第一感应极板相互导通，任意相邻的两层所述第二感应极板相互导通。
本申请还提供了另一种交流发电机，包括：
沿所述中心轴的周向依次固定设置的第一感应极板组件和第二感应极板组件，分别被配置成连接用电器的两个接线端；所述第一感应极板组件包括至少两层平行正对设置的第一感应极板，所述第二感应极板组件包括至少两层平行正对设置的第二感应极板；
能绕所述中心轴转动的转动结构，包括正极板组件或负极板组件；
当所述转动结构包括正极板组件时，所述正极板组件包括至少两层容纳有正电荷且平行正对的正极板，所述正极板在转动的过程中，能够依次循环地与所述第一感应极板和所述第二感应极板相互穿插，形成电容；
当所述转动结构包括负极板组件时，所述负极板组件包括至少两层容纳有负电荷且平行正对的负极板，所述负极板在转动的过程中，能够依次循环地与所述第一感应极板和所 述第二感应极板相互穿插，形成电容。
相应地，本申请提供了一种用电系统，其包括上述交流发电机。
与现有技术相比，本申请的优点在于：
本申请提供的一种交流发电机，主要由转动结构、第一感应极板组件以及第二感应极板组件组成，其中，转动结构能够绕中心轴转动，且具体包括有沿中心轴依次设置的正极板组件和负极板组件；第一感应极板组件和第二感应极板组件沿中心轴的周向依次固定设置，并能够分别与用电器的两个接线端连接。
上述正极板组件包括至少两层容纳有正电荷且平行正对设置的正极板，上述负极板组件包括至少两层容纳有负电荷且平行正对设置的负极板；第一感应极板组件包括至少两层平行正对设置的第一感应极板，第二感应极板组件包括至少两层平行正对设置的第二感应极板。
当正极板在外力的作用下绕中心轴转动时，能够依次循环地与第一感应极板和第二感应极板相互穿插，形成电容，当正极板与第一感应极板相互穿插时，在正极板的电场作用下，第二感应极板上的负电荷会经由用电器流向第一感应极板，产生电流方向为由第一感应极板到第二感应极板的电流；当正极板与第二感应极板相互穿插时，在正极板的电场作用下，第一感应极板上的负电荷会经由用电器流向第二感应极板，产生电流方向为由第二感应极板到第一感应极板的电流。同理，当负极板组件在外力的作用下绕中心轴转动时，也能够依次循环地与第一感应极板和第二感应极板相互穿插，形成电容，当负极板与第一感应极板相互穿插时，在负极板的电场作用下，第一感应极板上的负电荷会经由用电器流向第二感应极板，产生电流方向为由第二感应极板到第一感应极板的电流；当负极板与第二感应极板相互穿插时，在负极板的电场作用下，第二感应极板上的负电荷会经由用电器流向第一感应极板，产生电流方向为由第一感应极板到第二感应极板的电流。
也就是说，当转动结构在外力作用下不断旋转时，第一感应极板组件与第二感应极板组件之间能够产生交流电，即存在某一时间段，电流由第一感应极板组件流向第二感应极板组件；还存在另一时间段，电流由第二感应极板组件流向第一感应极板组件。
当正极板与第一感应极板相互穿插时，至少存在一层第一感应极板能够同时与两层正极板正对，增大了第一感应极板与正极板的总正对面积，从而，可产生更大的电流，便于提高发电效率；当正极板与第二感应极板相互穿插时，至少存在一层第二感应极板能够同时与两层正极板正对，增大了第二感应极板与正极板的总正对面积，便于提高发电效率；当负极板与第一感应极板相互穿插时，至少存在一层第一感应极板能够同时与两层负极板正对，增大了第一感应极板与负极板的总正对面积，便于提高发电效率；当负极板与第二感应极板相互穿插时，至少存在一层第二感应极板能够同时与两层负极板正对，增大了第 二感应极板与负极板的总正对面积，便于提高发电效率。
需要说明的是，随着第一感应极板、第二感应极板、正极板和负极板层数的增多，总正对面积会增大，也就能提高发电效率。
因此，本申请提供的交流发电机，发电效率高。
本申请提供的另一种交流发电机，与上述交流发电机相比，该交流发电机的转动结构中可设置正极板组件和负极板组件中的任一个，同样可提高发电效率，不再重复阐述发电原理。
本申请提供的用电系统，包括上述交流发电机，因此，具有上述交流发电机的所有优点，发电效率高。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的第一种交流发电机的主要结构的立体图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的第一种交流发电机的部分结构的爆炸图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的第一种交流发电机连接有用电器的剖视结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的第二种交流发电机的主要结构的立体结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的第三种交流发电机的剖视结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的第四种交流发电机的主要结构的立体图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的第四种交流发电机的部分结构的爆炸图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的第四种交流发电机连接有用电器的剖视结构示意图。
图标：1-正极板组件；2-负极板组件；3-第一感应极板组件；4-第二感应极板组件；5-中心轴；6-用电器；7-轴承；
11-正极板；
21-负极板；
31-第一感应极板；
41-第二感应极板。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”和“内”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”和“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”和“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。此外，术语“平行”也应做广义理解，例如，两个平面平行设置可称为平行，两个弧面上的任一点在径向上的间距均相等也可称为平行。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面通过具体的实施例子并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描述。
参见图1-图8，本实施例提供的交流发电机，主要由转动结构、第一感应极板组件3以及第二感应极板组件4组成，其中，转动结构能够绕中心轴5转动，且具体包括有沿中心轴5依次设置的正极板组件1和负极板组件2；第一感应极板组件3和第二感应极板组件4沿中心轴5的周向依次固定设置，并能够分别与用电器6的两个接线端连接。
上述正极板组件1包括至少两层容纳有正电荷且平行正对设置的正极板11，上述负极板组件2包括至少两层容纳有负电荷且平行正对设置的负极板21；第一感应极板组件3包括至少两层平行正对设置的第一感应极板31，第二感应极板组件4包括至少两层平行正对设置的第二感应极板41。
当正极板11在外力的作用下绕中心轴5转动时，能够依次循环地与第一感应极板31和第二感应极板41相互穿插，形成电容，当正极板11与第一感应极板31相互穿插时(如图1-图5所示)，在正极板11的电场作用下，第二感应极板41上的负电荷会经由用电器6流向第一感应极板31，产生电流方向为由第一感应极板31到第二感应极板41的电流；当正极板11与第二感应极板41相互穿插时(图中未示出此种状态)，在正极板11的电场作用下，第一感应极板31上的负电荷会经由用电器6流向第二感应极板41，产生电流方向为由第二感应极板41到第一感应极板31的电流。同理，当负极板21在外力的作用下绕中心轴5转动时，也能够依次循环地与第一感应极板31和第二感应极板41相互穿插，形成电容，当负极板21与第一感应极板31相互穿插时(图中未示出此种状态)，在负极板21的电场作用下，第一感应极板31上的负电荷会经由用电器6流向第二感应极板41，产生电流方向为由第二感应极板41到第一感应极板31的电流；当负极板21与第二感应极板 41相互穿插时(如图1-图5所示)，在负极板21的电场作用下，第二感应极板41上的负电荷会经由用电器6流向第一感应极板31，产生电流方向为由第一感应极板31到第二感应极板41的电流。
也就是说，当转动结构在外力作用下不断旋转时，第一感应极板组件3与第二感应极板组件4之间能够产生交流电，即存在某一时间段，电流由第一感应极板组件3流向第二感应极板组件4；还存在另一时间段，电流由第二感应极板组件4流向第一感应极板组件3。
当正极板11与第一感应极板31相互穿插时，至少存在一层第一感应极板31能够同时与两层正极板11正对，增大了第一感应极板31与正极板11的总正对面积，从而，可产生更大的电流，便于提高发电效率；当正极板11与第二感应极板41相互穿插时，至少存在一层第二感应极板41能够同时与两层正极板11正对，增大了第二感应极板41与正极板11的总正对面积，便于提高发电效率；当负极板21与第一感应极板31相互穿插时，至少存在一层第一感应极板31能够同时与两层负极板21正对，增大了第一感应极板31与负极板21的总正对面积，便于提高发电效率；当负极板21与第二感应极板41相互穿插时，至少存在一层第二感应极板41能够同时与两层负极板21正对，增大了第二感应极板41与负极板21的总正对面积，便于提高发电效率。
需要说明的是，随着第一感应极板31、第二感应极板41、正极板11和负极板21层数的增多，总正对面积会增大，也就能提高发电效率。
因此，本实施例提供的交流发电机，发电效率高。
此外，因第一感应极板组件3和第二感应极板组件4是相对固定的，故第一感应极板组件3和第二感应极板组件4能一直处于与用电器6相连的状态，从而，可以完全杜绝因间断接触甚至瞬间点接触而产生的有害性电弧放电。
本领域技术人员应该清楚，正极板11与第一感应极板31相互穿插时，二者相互绝缘(如互不接触)；正极板11与第二感应极板41相互穿插时，二者之间也相互绝缘(如互不接触)。负极板21与第一感应极板31相互穿插时，二者之间相互绝缘(如互不接触)；负极板21与第二感应极板41相互穿插时，二者之间相互绝缘(如互不接触)。
其中，转动结构可利用风力或水力等驱动。
可选地，一组第一感应极板组件3和一组第二感应极板组件4可形成一对感应极板组件，该感应极板组件可设置为一对、两对或多对。
进一步地，正极板11和负极板21能够同时分别与一对感应极板组件中的第一感应极板31和第二感应极板41相互间隔穿插，便于增大流经用电器的电流值。
其中，正极板组件1和负极板组件2可对称设置，也可不对称设置，第一感应极板组件3和第二感应极板组件4可对称设置，也可不对称设置；本实施例优选将正极板组件1 和负极板组件2相对于中心轴5对称设置，并将第一感应极板组件3和第二感应极板组件4相对于中心轴5对称设置，从而，在正极板组件1和负极板组件2绕中心轴5转动的过程中，能进一步增大流经用电器6的电流值。
可选地，可在正极板11、负极板21、第一感应极板31和第二感应极板41中均设置导电芯体，并在导电芯体的表面附设绝缘层。
进一步地，可利用永电体作为正极板11和负极板21中的导电芯体。
当正极板11和负极板21中的导电芯体为非永电体时，正极板11和负极板21中的电荷可利用电源补充，以便维持电场的稳定。
作为一种可实施方式，参见图1-图5，将第一感应极板31、第二感应极板41、正极板11和负极板21均设置为平面板，在此基础上，同组第一感应极板组件3中的各层第一感应极板31沿中心轴5的长度方向间隔设置，同组第二感应极板组件4中的各层第二感应极板41沿中心轴5的长度方向间隔设置，同组正极板组件1中的各层正极板11沿中心轴5的长度方向间隔设置，同组负极板组件2中的各层负极板21沿中心轴5的长度方向间隔设置，如此，便能实现正极板11和负极板21在同步转动的过程中，能够分别依次循环地与第一感应极板31和第二感应极板41相互穿插的目的。
具体地，上述正极板11、负极板21、第一感应极板31和第二感应极板41的形状可根据需要选择设定，如可选择为半圆形、扇形、矩形、三角形或梯形等。
可选地，参见图1、图2和图4，可将正极板11、负极板21、第一感应极板31和第二感应极板41的形状均设置为半圆形或圆心角相同的扇形，便于加大正对面积。
作为另一种可实施方式，参见图6-图8，将第一感应极板31、第二感应极板41、正极板11和负极板21均设置为弧形板，在此基础上，同组第一感应极板组件3中的各层第一感应极板31沿中心轴5的径向(垂直于中心轴5的长度方向)间隔设置，同组第二感应极板组件4中的各层第二感应极板41沿中心轴5的径向间隔设置，同组正极板组件1中的各层正极板11沿中心轴5的径向间隔设置，同组负极板组件2中的各层负极板21沿中心轴5的径向间隔设置，如此，便能实现正极板11和负极板21在同步转动的过程中，能够分别依次循环地与第一感应极板31和第二感应极板41相互穿插的目的。
可将第一感应极板31、第二感应极板41、正极板11和负极板21中的任一个或多个的板面设置为具有多个凸起部的板面，从而，可进一步增加总正对面积，提高发电效率。
在转动结构的具体结构中还包括轴承7，轴承7的内圈套接在中心轴5上，正极板组件1和负极板组件2均与轴承7的外圈固定连接，从而，在轴承7的作用下，正极板组件1与负极板组件2可绕中心轴5转动。
具体地，任意相邻的两层正极板11相互导通，即同一正极板组件1中的所有正极板11 之间均相互导通；任意相邻的两层负极板21相互导通，即同一负极板组件2中的所有负极板21之间均相互导通；任意相邻的两层第一感应极板31相互导通，即同一第一感应极板组件3中的所有第一感应极板31之间均相互导通；任意相邻的两层第二感应极板41之间均能够导电，即同一第二感应极板组件4中的所有第二感应极板41之间均相互导通。
本实施例还提供了另一种交流发电机，与上述交流发电机相比，该交流发电机的转动结构中可设置正极板组件1和负极板组件2中的任一个，同样可提高发电效率，不再重复阐述发电原理。
本实施例还提供了一种用电系统，包括上述交流发电机。
因此，本实施例提供的用电系统，具有上述交流发电机的所有优点，发电效率高。
综上所述，本申请公开了一种交流发电机，其克服了传统的交流发电机的诸多技术缺陷。本实施例提供的交流发电机，发电效率较高；此外，可以完全杜绝因间断接触甚至瞬间点接触而产生的有害性电弧放电。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种交流发电机，其特征在于，包括：
    沿中心轴(5)的周向依次固定设置的第一感应极板组件(3)和第二感应极板组件(4)，分别被配置成连接用电器(6)的两个接线端；所述第一感应极板组件(3)包括至少两层平行正对设置的第一感应极板(31)，所述第二感应极板组件(4)包括至少两层平行正对设置的第二感应极板(41)；
    能绕所述中心轴(5)转动的转动结构，包括沿所述中心轴(5)的周向依次设置的正极板组件(1)和负极板组件(2)；所述正极板组件(1)包括至少两层容纳有正电荷且平行正对的正极板(11)，所述负极板组件(2)包括至少两层容纳有负电荷且平行正对的负极板(21)；
    所述正极板(11)和所述负极板(21)在同步转动的过程中，能够分别依次循环地与所述第一感应极板(31)和所述第二感应极板(41)相互穿插，形成电容。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，一组所述第一感应极板组件(3)和一组所述第二感应极板组件(4)形成一对感应极板组件，所述感应极板组件为一对、两对或多对。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，所述正极板(11)和所述负极板(21)能够同时分别与一对所述感应极板组件中的所述第一感应极板(31)和所述第二感应极板(41)相互间隔穿插。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，所述正极板(11)、所述负极板(21)、第一感应极板(31)和第二感应极板(41)均包括导电芯体，所述导电芯体的表面附设有绝缘层。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，所述正极板(11)和所述负极板(21)中的所述导电芯体均为永电体。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，所述第一感应极板(31)、所述第二感应极板(41)、所述正极板(11)和所述负极板(21)均为平面板；
    同组所述第一感应极板组件(3)中的各层所述第一感应极板(31)沿所述中心轴(5)的长度方向间隔设置，同组所述第二感应极板组件(4)中的各层所述第二感应极板(41)沿所述中心轴(5)的长度方向间隔设置，同组所述正极板组件(1)中的各层所述正极板(11)沿所述中心轴(5)的长度方向间隔设置，同组所述负极板组件(2)中的各层所述负极板(21)沿所述中心轴(5)的长度方向间隔设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，所述正极板(11)、所述负 极板(21)、所述第一感应极板(31)和/或所述第二感应极板(41)的形状为半圆形、扇形、矩形、三角形或梯形。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，所述正极板(11)、所述负极板(21)、所述第一感应极板(31)和所述第二感应极板(41)的形状均为半圆形或圆心角相同的扇形。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，所述第一感应极板(31)、所述第二感应极板(41)、所述正极板(11)和所述负极板(21)均为弧形板，所述第一感应极板(31)、所述第二感应极板(41)、所述正极板(11)和所述负极板(21)的弧形圆心均位于所述中心轴(5)上；
    同组所述第一感应极板组件(3)中的各层所述第一感应极板(31)沿所述中心轴(5)的径向间隔设置，同组所述第二感应极板组件(4)中的各层所述第二感应极板(41)沿所述中心轴(5)的径向间隔设置，同组所述正极板组件(1)中的各层所述正极板(11)沿所述中心轴(5)的径向间隔设置，同组所述负极板组件(2)中的各层所述负极板(21)沿所述中心轴(5)的径向间隔设置。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，所述第一感应极板(31)的板面、所述第二感应极板(41)的板面、所述正极板(11)的板面和/或所述负极板(21)的板面具有多个凸起部。
  11. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，所述转动结构还包括轴承(7)，所述轴承(7)的内圈与所述中心轴(5)套接，所述正极板组件(1)和所述负极板组件(2)均与所述轴承(7)的外圈固定连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的交流发电机，其特征在于，任意相邻的两层所述正极板(11)相互导通，任意相邻的两层所述负极板(21)相互导通，任意相邻的两层所述第一感应极板(31)相互导通，任意相邻的两层所述第二感应极板(41)相互导通。
  13. 一种交流发电机，其特征在于，包括：
    沿中心轴(5)的周向依次固定设置的第一感应极板组件(3)和第二感应极板组件(4)，分别被配置成连接用电器(6)的两个接线端；所述第一感应极板组件(3)包括至少两层平行正对设置的第一感应极板(31)，所述第二感应极板组件(4)包括至少两层平行正对设置的第二感应极板(41)；
    能绕所述中心轴(5)转动的转动结构，包括正极板组件(1)或负极板组件(2)；
    当所述转动结构包括正极板组件(1)时，所述正极板组件(1)包括至少两层容纳有正电荷且平行正对的正极板(11)，所述正极板(11)在转动的过程中，能够依 次循环地与所述第一感应极板(31)和所述第二感应极板(41)相互穿插，形成电容；
    当所述转动结构包括负极板组件(2)时，所述负极板组件(2)包括至少两层容纳有负电荷且平行正对的负极板(21)，所述负极板(21)在转动的过程中，能够依次循环地与所述第一感应极板(31)和所述第二感应极板(41)相互穿插，形成电容。
  14. 一种用电系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-13中任一项所述的交流发电机。
PCT/CN2019/126449 2019-09-24 2019-12-19 交流发电机及用电系统 WO2021056866A1 (zh)

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