WO2021047243A1 - 一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置 - Google Patents

一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置 Download PDF

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WO2021047243A1
WO2021047243A1 PCT/CN2020/098365 CN2020098365W WO2021047243A1 WO 2021047243 A1 WO2021047243 A1 WO 2021047243A1 CN 2020098365 W CN2020098365 W CN 2020098365W WO 2021047243 A1 WO2021047243 A1 WO 2021047243A1
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water
layer
tower body
carbon source
biological denitrification
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PCT/CN2020/098365
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蔡健明
梁鹏
周碧波
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中清信益环境(南京)有限公司
清华大学
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Publication of WO2021047243A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021047243A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/101—Sulfur compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a deep biological denitrification device without carbon source.
  • Nitrogen removal requires the processes of amination, nitrification and denitrification.
  • Phosphorus removal involves multiple biochemical reaction processes such as phosphorus absorption and phosphorus release.
  • the composition of the microorganisms, the type of substrate and the requirements for environmental conditions required by each process are also different. Therefore, it is necessary to complete the denitrification and phosphorus removal processes at the same time in a system, which inevitably produces contradictory relationships between the processes, such as substrate competition, reflux nitrate, nitrification and denitrification capacity, phosphorus release and phosphorus absorption capacity, Problems such as sludge age contradiction and aeration energy consumption for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. These problems make it difficult and limited for the treatment process to reach Class A or even higher emission standards in practical applications.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a deep biological denitrification device without carbon source, which can meet the requirements of various types of sewage and wastewater treatment processes, has a simple device structure, and can realize deep denitrification more efficiently, quickly, and at low cost.
  • a deep biological denitrification device without carbon source provided by the present invention, which includes a water collecting tank for transferring sewage to be treated, a water pump connected to the water collecting tank, and a water pump connected to the water discharge pump.
  • the column-shaped tower body of the outlet pipe, the height-to-diameter ratio of the tower body is 10:1, and the tower body includes the water distribution area, the packing layer, the filter layer, the supporting layer and the lower hollow chamber from top to bottom.
  • the packing layer consists of It is composed of granular fillers with a particle size of 3-5mm, the porosity of the filler layer is 30%, the height of the filler layer is 80-120cm; the thickness of the filter layer is 60-80cm; the supporting layer is composed of pebbles with a diameter of 4cm, and the supporting layer The height is 8cm; the water distribution area is provided with a water inlet connected to a water pump, the lower cavity is provided with a water outlet, and the top of the tower body is provided with an exhaust hole to discharge the nitrogen generated during the reaction.
  • the upper end of the filler layer is provided with a water distribution groove, and the water distribution groove is provided with uniformly distributed water distribution holes.
  • the water flow entering the water distribution area first passes through the water distribution trough to distribute the water evenly and horizontally to each position of the tower section when it enters the filling layer, so that the water flows more evenly through the filling layer and filter layer, ensuring that sewage and wastewater are uniformly and effectively purified; at the same time;
  • the setting of the water distribution tank increases a certain resistance compared to the water flowing directly through the water distribution area and down the filler layer, reduces the flow rate of the water flow, increases the contact reaction time of the waste water and the filler layer and the filter layer, and ensures that the sewage and wastewater are more thoroughly purified. .
  • the axial path of the water distribution hole provided on the water distribution groove is spiral.
  • the axial direction of the hole is designed as a spiral hole.
  • the water flows through the water distribution hole to produce a spiral path to the packing layer.
  • the length of the former flow path is effectively increased, and the water flow resistance also increases. , Further improve the contact time with the packing layer and filter layer, and the purification effect is better.
  • the filter layer is filled with sand, the particle size of the sand is 3-5 mm, and the particle size of the sand is 5 mm.
  • the particulate filler of the filler layer is immobilized microbial particles
  • the particle size of the immobilized microbial particles is 5 mm
  • the height of the filler layer is 100 cm.
  • the immobilized microbial particles include an adsorption carrier and a microorganism
  • the adsorption carrier is elemental sulfur
  • the microorganism includes at least Thiobacillus, Sulfuricella, A kind of Sulfurimonas (Sulfurimonas).
  • a valve for adjusting the water flow is provided at the lower end of the supporting layer.
  • the flow rate can be adjusted in real time by a large margin; the valve can be a valve structure controlled by a hand wheel.
  • the hand wheel is arranged on the side of the tower body.
  • the hand wheel is provided with a shaft passing through the tower body in the horizontal direction.
  • the shaft is connected to a wall of the tower body.
  • the support frame is a flat plate with a cylindrical hole in the middle. The diameter of the cylindrical hole is greater than the thickness of the flat plate to ensure the shaft rotation process of the handwheel.
  • the hole on the support frame can allow the filtered water from the upper layer to flow down, and at the same time .
  • the coincidence degree of the hole gap and the cylindrical pore and the angle of rotation are different, and the amplitude of the downflow of water can be adjusted accordingly to achieve the effect of adjusting the water flow; of course, it can also be other common adjustable valves, as long as It is enough to control the water flow.
  • a recoil cleaning device is provided on the tower body, and the recoil cleaning device includes a recoil water pump and a cleaning water pipe connecting the recoil water pump and the hollow chamber in the lower part of the tower body.
  • the clean water is driven by the backflushing pump into the lower hollow chamber, and then flows upward through the supporting layer, filter layer, packing layer, water distribution tank and water distribution area, and finally the water outlet flows out to complete the flushing of the packing layer to ensure that the subsequent equipment works efficiently get on.
  • an aeration device is also provided on the tower body.
  • the aeration device includes an air pump and an air inlet pipe.
  • the rear section of the air inlet pipe is provided with two communicating branch pipes, one of which is connected to the water inlet. Inside the tube, another branch tube is connected to the packing layer in the tower body.
  • the two branch pipes of the intake pipe are provided with manually opened and closed intake valves.
  • the opening and closing of the two branch pipes can be controlled immediately according to the needs.
  • One of the branch pipes can be selected to be open for aeration, or two branch pipes can be opened at the same time, so that the degree of aeration is more uniform, and a sufficient hypoxic environment is provided for the microbial reaction.
  • the device is a man-made active intervention device, which can be flexibly turned on or off in operation.
  • the oxygen in the tower and the air in the water are fully squeezed out to create a better oxygen-free environment, which is more conducive to the completion of the denitrification reaction in an oxygen-deficient environment.
  • sewage first enters the water distribution area of the device for uniform water distribution; passes through the water distribution area, water distribution tank, immobilized microbe-embedded ceramsite and supporting layer. Pebble realizes the increase and deceleration of the water flow, so that the water flow evenly flows through the layers to maintain sufficient action time. Under the driving force of the water pump, the sewage flows through the entire tower from top to bottom, flows through the lower cavity after sedimentation, and completes the entire Denitrification process.
  • the water outlet pump is provided with a water flow automatic control device.
  • the water flow automatic control device includes a PLC arranged on the outlet pump and a flow sensing detection element arranged on the PLC.
  • a frequency conversion is arranged between the PLC and the outlet pump.
  • the flow sensor is connected to the water outlet.
  • the flow sensing element includes a data acquisition element and a total nitrogen monitor. The water flow information data collected by the flow sensing element is collected and fed back to the PLC after the detection data is collected.
  • the corresponding algorithm programming is designed on the PLC and based on the received collected information , Control and adjust the parameters of the inverter, and then control the input power parameters of the water pump to control the water output in real time, so as to realize the control of the overall water flow rate and ensure the purification process is efficient and flexible and controllable in real time.
  • the sewage flow direction is selected from top to bottom, the driving force of the pump body is combined with the weight of the water body, the continuity of water body transportation is easily guaranteed, and the energy consumption of the external driving device can be reduced by a certain program, saving energy and reducing consumption, and further reducing the operating cost of the device.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the design scheme carries out advanced treatment of sewage, has a small floor area, high treatment efficiency, stable operation, is not easy to accumulate, agglomerate, or block, and has good air and water permeability. Easy to install and maintain.
  • the immobilized microbial sewage treatment device has a good gas and water flow state, which is conducive to the mass transfer effect, the biological load is large, the treatment effect is good, and it is suitable for high-concentration refractory sewage treatment and advanced sewage treatment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the water distribution tank in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart of the denitrification reaction in an anaerobic environment
  • Figure 4 is a linear diagram of the equation for the nitrogen removal parameter corresponding to the reaction formula corresponding to the filler layer thickness parameter.
  • the present invention provides a carbon-free deep biological denitrification device, which includes a water collecting tank for transferring sewage to be treated, a water pump connected with the water collecting tank 2, a column connected with a water outlet pipe of the water pump Shaped tower body 6, the height-to-diameter ratio of the tower body is 10:1.
  • the tower body includes water distribution area 7, packing layer 9, filter layer 10, supporting layer 11 and lower hollow chamber 12 from top to bottom.
  • the layer is composed of granular fillers with a particle diameter of 3-5mm, the porosity of the filler layer is 30%, the height of the filler layer is 120cm, the granular filler of the filler layer is immobilized microbial particles, and the immobilized microbial particles include adsorption A carrier and a microorganism, the adsorption carrier is elemental sulfur, and the microorganism includes Thiobacillus denitrificans (Thiobacillus), Sulfuricella denitrificans (Sulfuricella), and Sulfurimonas denitrifying bacteria (Sulfurimonas).
  • the particle size of the microbial particles is 5mm, the height of the filler layer is 100cm; the thickness of the filter layer is 80cm, the filler material of the filter layer is sand, and the particle size of the sand is 5mm; the supporting layer is composed of pebbles with a diameter of 4cm.
  • the height of the support layer is 8cm; the water distribution area is provided with a water inlet connected to a water pump, the lower cavity is provided with a water outlet, and the top of the tower body is provided with an exhaust hole 5 to discharge the nitrogen generated during the reaction process.
  • a water distribution groove 8 is provided at the upper end of the filling layer, and uniformly distributed water distribution holes 14 are provided on the water distribution groove.
  • the water flow entering the water distribution area first passes through the water distribution trough to distribute the water evenly and horizontally to each position of the tower section when it enters the filling layer, so that the water flows more evenly through the filling layer and filter layer, ensuring that sewage and wastewater are uniformly and effectively purified; at the same time;
  • the setting of the water distribution tank increases a certain resistance compared to the water flowing directly through the water distribution area and down the filler layer, reduces the flow rate of the water flow, increases the contact reaction time of the waste water and the filler layer and the filter layer, and ensures that the sewage and wastewater are more thoroughly purified. .
  • the axial path of the water distribution hole provided on the water distribution groove is spiral.
  • the axial direction of the hole is designed as a spiral hole.
  • the water flows through the water distribution hole to produce a spiral path to the packing layer.
  • the length of the former flow path is effectively increased, and the water flow resistance also increases. , Further improve the contact time with the packing layer and filter layer, and the purification effect is better.
  • a valve 15 for adjusting the water flow is provided at the lower end of the supporting layer. Adjust the flow rate in real time.
  • a recoil cleaning device is provided on the tower body, and the recoil cleaning device includes a recoil water pump 13 and a cleaning water pipe connecting the recoil water pump and the hollow chamber in the lower part of the tower body.
  • the clean water is driven by the backflushing pump into the lower hollow chamber, and then flows upward through the supporting layer, filter layer, packing layer, water distribution tank and water distribution area, and finally the water outlet flows out to complete the flushing of the packing layer to ensure that the subsequent equipment works efficiently get on.
  • an aeration device is also provided on the tower body.
  • the aeration device includes an air pump 3 and an intake pipe.
  • the rear section of the intake pipe is set as two communicating branch pipes, one of which is connected to the intake pipe.
  • another branch pipe is connected to the packing layer of the tower body.
  • the two branch pipes of the intake pipe are both provided with intake valves 4 that are manually opened and closed.
  • the opening and closing of the two branch pipes can be controlled immediately according to the needs.
  • One of the branch pipes can be selected to be open for aeration, or two branch pipes can be opened at the same time, so that the degree of aeration is more uniform, and a sufficient hypoxic environment is provided for the microbial reaction.
  • the device is a man-made active intervention device, which can be flexibly turned on or off in operation.
  • the oxygen in the tower and the air in the water are fully squeezed out to create a better oxygen-free environment, which is more conducive to the completion of the denitrification reaction in an oxygen-deficient environment.
  • sewage first enters the water distribution area of the device for uniform water distribution; passes through the water distribution area, water distribution tank, immobilized microbe-embedded ceramsite and supporting layer. Pebble realizes the increase and deceleration of the water flow, so that the water flow evenly flows through the layers to maintain sufficient action time. Under the driving force of the water pump, the sewage flows through the entire tower from top to bottom, flows through the lower cavity after sedimentation, and completes the entire Denitrification process.
  • the sewage flow direction is selected from top to bottom, the driving force of the pump body is combined with the weight of the water body, the continuity of water body transportation is easily guaranteed, and the energy consumption of the external driving device can be reduced by a certain program, saving energy and reducing consumption, and further reducing the operating cost of the device.
  • the waste water from the sewage treatment plant flows into the water collection tank through the outlet pipe, and then the waste water enters the water distribution zone 7 from the water inlet through the water inlet pump 2, and then from top to bottom Flow through the water distribution tank 8, the filler layer 9, the filter layer 10, the supporting layer 11, and finally settle in the lower cavity 12, and the water is discharged from the water outlet to complete the entire denitrification process; in the above removal process, the TN concentration of the influent It is 16-21mg/L, NO3 concentration is 15-20mg/L, when the residence time is 5.4min, the effluent TN is 1.8mg/L, the load is 1182g/(m3.d), the denitrification efficiency is 92.9%; appropriately extend the residence time, The lowest effluent TN concentration that can be obtained is 0.3 mg/L, and the nitrogen removal efficiency reaches 98.2%.
  • the sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process usually uses elemental sulfur as the electron donor.
  • elemental sulfur As the electron donor, 2.514g of sulfur is required, 0.08g of organic nitrogen is generated, and 7.54g of sulfate ion is generated, which requires 0.34.
  • a water flow automatic control device is provided on the outlet pump, and the water flow automatic control device includes a PLC 15 arranged on the outlet pump, a flow sensing detection element 17 arranged on the PLC, and a flow sensor 17 is arranged between the PLC and the outlet pump. There is a frequency converter 16, and the flow sensing element is connected to the water outlet.
  • the flow sensor element includes a data acquisition element and a total nitrogen monitor. The water flow information data collected by the flow sensor element is collected and fed back to the PLC.
  • the PLC adjusts the frequency converter according to the collected information and controls the output
  • the input power parameter of the water pump controls the water output in real time to realize the control of the overall water flow rate, to ensure that the purification process is carried out efficiently, and is flexible and controllable in real time.
  • phase value corresponds to the parameter list:
  • the present invention has other embodiments.
  • Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications according to the present invention. As long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention, they should all be defined by the appended claims of the present invention. range.

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Abstract

一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，包括中转待处理污水的集水池（1）、连通集水池（1）的出水泵（2）、连通出水泵（2）的出水管的柱形塔体（6），塔体（6）的高径比为10：1，该塔体（6）由上而下依次包括配水区（7）、填料层（9）、滤层（10）、承托层（11）和下部空心室（12），填料层（9）由粒径3-5mm的颗粒状填料组成，填料层（9）的孔隙率为30％，填料层（9）高度为80-120cm；滤层（10）厚度为60-80cm；承托层（11）由直径为4cm的卵石组成，承托层（11）高度为8cm；配水区（7）设置有连接水泵的进水口，下部空心室（12）设置有出水口，塔体（6）的顶部设置有排气孔（5），排出反应过程产生的氮气。

Description

一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置 技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置。
背景技术
生物法对氮磷的去除机理比较复杂，脱氮需要涉及氨化、硝化和反硝化的过程，除磷则有吸磷和释磷等多个生化反应过程。每一个过程所需要的其微生物的组成、基质类型及对环境条件的要求也各不相同。因此要在一个系统中同时完成脱氮和除磷过程，不可避免地产生了各过程间的矛盾关系，如底物竞争、回流硝酸盐、硝化和反硝化容量、释磷和吸磷的容量、脱氮除磷的泥龄矛盾、曝气能耗等问题。这些问题使得处理工艺在实际应用中达到一级A乃至更高排放标准存在一定的难度和局限。
不同于除磷可以通过化学法，脱氮大多需要通过生物法去除。目前，河湖水环境治理，特别是湖泊治理过程中，微污染水中总氮的去除一直是难点和重点；污水厂提标改造过程中遇到的困难也同样聚焦在深度脱氮。总氮TN在上一轮提标改造中(国标一级B提标至国标一级A，20mg/L降至15mg/L)，已经凸显了其难度。究其原因，无论是微污染水体或是污水厂尾水处理，均面临碳源不足的现象，水中碳源(可生物降解COD)无法满足脱氮微生物所需。因此，深度脱氮成为了行业的热点问题，也是困扰水环境治理行业发展的瓶颈之一。
现今阶段，同上方案相近，工业污水净化后，水资源再利用，是污水废水处理的一个主要方向，该过程主要工作是将污水中氮和磷元素化合物的分解消除。众所周知，氮磷排放量超出受纳水体的环境容量时，易引发藻华、恶臭和富营养化等问题，已成为影响地表水质的首要指标。污水厂常采用外加碳源法强化氮的去除，包括甲醇、乙酸钠等，该类碳源处理效果好，但普遍存在成本较高、投入量难以控制、易造成二次污染的缺点，未来研究方向是需寻求可替代该类碳源的材料。目前研究热点集中在纤维素类物质及可生物降解聚合物为主的缓释碳源和以硫、氢气、甲烷为主的非有机碳电子供体材料，前者存在释碳速度不可控、停留时间长等的缺点，后者由于处理效果好、经济可行性高等优点等受到关注。
为实现污水的再生利用，提供一种新型的脱氮装置，尤其寻求一种无碳源脱氮工艺，生物技术脱氮，可控性更好，净化工艺调控灵活性佳，绿色环保，净化工艺效果更彻底的一种新型废水污水处理装置，为当下工业污水处理技术领域所亟需。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，可以满足多种类型污水废水处理工艺需求，装置构造简单，且可更高效快捷地、低成本实现深度脱氮。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：本发明创造提供的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，包括中转待处理污水的集水池、连通集水池的出水泵、连通出水泵的出水管的柱形塔体，所述塔体的高径比为10：1，该塔体由上而下依次包括配水区、填料层、滤层、承托层和下部空心室，填料层由粒径3-5mm的颗粒状填料组成，填料层的孔隙率为30％，填料层高度为80-120cm；滤层厚度为60-80cm；承托层由直径为4cm的卵石组成，承托 层高度为8cm；配水区设置有连接水泵的进水口，下部空室设置有出水口，塔体的顶部设置有排气孔，排出反应过程产生的氮气。
作为一种改进，所述填料层上端设置有布水槽，所述布水槽上设置均布的布水孔。进入配水区的水流在通往填料层时先经过布水槽将水流均匀水平分布到塔体截面的各个位置，让水流更均匀地流经填料层和滤层，保证污水废水得到均匀有效净化；同时布水槽的设置，相对于水流直接经配水区流下填料层增加了一定的阻力，减小了水流的流速，增加了废水污水和填料层及滤层接触反应时间，保证污水废水得到更彻底的净化。
作为一种改进，所述布水槽上设置的布水孔的轴向路径为螺旋形。孔的轴线方向设计为螺旋形的孔，布水过程，水流经布水孔后产生螺旋形路径流向填料层，相对于径直的方向向下流，前者流经路线长度有效增加，水流阻力也增大，进一步提升和填料层、滤层的接触时间，净化效果更佳。
作为一种改进，所述滤层填充物为砂，所述砂的粒径为3-5mm，所述砂的粒径为5mm。
作为一种改进，所述填料层的颗粒状填料为固定化微生物颗粒，所述固定化微生物颗粒的粒径为5mm，所述填料层的高度为100cm。
作为一种改进，所述固定化微生物颗粒包括吸附载体和微生物体，所述吸附载体为单质硫，所述微生物体至少包含脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus)、反硝化硫单胞菌(Sulfuricella)、反硝化硫单胞菌(Sulfurimonas)中的一种。
作为一种改进，所述承托层下端设置有调整水流量的阀门。大幅度实时调整流速；该阀门可以是手轮控制的阀门结构，手轮设于塔体外侧面上，手轮水平方向设有通过塔体内带孔缺的轴，该轴连接于塔体内壁的一支撑架上，支撑架为中间设置柱形孔隙的平板，该柱形孔隙的直径大于平板的厚度，保障手轮的轴转动过程，其上孔缺可以允许上层下来的过滤水可以流下来，同时，通过转动手轮，孔缺和柱形孔隙的重合度、转动角度的不同，水流下流的幅度随其调整，以达到调整水流量的效果；当然也可以是其他普通惯用的可调节阀门，只要能控制水流量大小即可。
作为一种改进，所述塔体上设置有反冲清洗装置，所述反冲清洗装置包括反冲水泵、连接反冲水泵与塔体下部空心室的清洗水管。清水经反冲水泵驱动进入下部空心室，然后向上流经承托层、滤层、填料层、布水槽和配水区，最后出水口流出，完成对填料层的冲洗，以保证后续的设备工作高效进行。
作为一种改进，所述塔体上还设置有曝气装置，所述曝气装置包括气泵和进气管，所述进气管后段设置为连通的两根支管，其一根支管连通至进水管内，另一根支管连通至在塔体的填料层内。
作为一种改进，所述进气管的两根支管上均设置有手动开合的进气阀门。根据需求即时控制两个支管的开闭，可以选择其中一根支管处于开放状态进行曝气，也可以选择两根支管同时开启，曝气度更均，为微生物反应提供充分的缺氧环境。该装置为人为主动干预装置，操作上可灵活选择开启或关闭。
曝氮过程，充分将塔体内的氧、及水体内的空气排挤出去，营造更佳的无氧环境，更利于完成缺氧环境下的脱氮反应。
使用上述脱氮装置时，可按下述的步骤进行：污水首先进入所述装置的配水区，以 便均匀布水；经过配水区、布水槽、固定化微生物包埋的陶粒和承托层的卵石，实现水流的增阻减速，让水流均匀流经各层时保有充分的作用时间，在水泵的驱动力下，污水自上而下流经整个塔体，通过下部空室沉淀后出水，完成整个脱氮过程。
作为一种改进，所述出水泵上设置有水流自控装置，所述水流自控装置包括设置在出水泵上PLC、设于PLC上的流量感应检测元件，所述PLC和出水泵之间设置有变频器，所述流量感应元件连接在出水口上。所述流量感应元件包括数据采集元件和总氮监测仪，通过流量感应元件采集的水流流量信息数据，经检测数据被采集后反馈到PLC，PLC上设计好对应算法编程，根据接收到的采集信息，控制调整变频器参数，继而控制出水泵的输入功率参数来实时控制出水量，以实现整体的水流流速的控制，保证净化工艺高效进行，并实时灵活可控。
污水流向选择自上而下，泵体驱动力结合水体自重，水体输送连续性上容易得到保障，且外驱动装置的能耗可以得到一定程序的减少，节能降耗，进一步降低装置运行成本。
本发明采用的技术方案，其有益效果在于：本设计方案对污水进行深度处理，占地面积小，处理效率高，运行稳定，不容易堆积、结块、堵塞，气水的通透性好，安装、检修方便。固定化微生物处理污水装置气水流态好，有利于发挥传质效应，生物负载量大，处理效果好，适宜于高浓度难降解污水处理和污水的深度处理。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明：
图1是本发明一种实施例的结构示意图；
图2是图1中布水槽的一种结构示意图；
图3是厌氧环境下的脱氮反应流程图；
图4是填料层厚度参数对应反应式对应除氮参数方程式直线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
如图1、2所示，本发明创造提供的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，包括中转待处理污水的集水池1、连通集水池的出水泵2、连通出水泵的出水管的柱形塔体6，所述塔体的高径比为10：1，该塔体由上而下依次包括配水区7、填料层9、滤层10、承托层11和下部空心室12，填料层由粒径3-5mm的颗粒状填料组成，填料层的孔隙率为30％，填料层高度为120cm，所述填料层的颗粒状填料为固定化微生物颗粒，所述固定化微生物颗粒包括吸附载体和微生物体，所述吸附载体为单质硫，所述微生物体包含脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus)、反硝化硫单胞菌(Sulfuricella)、反硝化硫单胞菌(Sulfurimonas)，所述固定化微生物颗粒的粒径为5mm，所述填料层的高度为100cm；滤层厚度为80cm，滤层填充物材料为砂，砂的粒径为5mm；承托层由直径为4cm的卵石组成，承托层高度为8cm；配水区设置有连接水泵的进水口，下部空室设置有出水口，塔体的顶部设置有排气孔5，排出反应过程产生的氮气。
该实施例中，所述填料层上端设置有布水槽8，所述布水槽上设置均布的布水孔14。进入配水区的水流在通往填料层时先经过布水槽将水流均匀水平分布到塔体截面的各 个位置，让水流更均匀地流经填料层和滤层，保证污水废水得到均匀有效净化；同时布水槽的设置，相对于水流直接经配水区流下填料层增加了一定的阻力，减小了水流的流速，增加了废水污水和填料层及滤层接触反应时间，保证污水废水得到更彻底的净化。
该实施例中，所述布水槽上设置的布水孔的轴向路径为螺旋形。孔的轴线方向设计为螺旋形的孔，布水过程，水流经布水孔后产生螺旋形路径流向填料层，相对于径直的方向向下流，前者流经路线长度有效增加，水流阻力也增大，进一步提升和填料层、滤层的接触时间，净化效果更佳。
该实施例中，所述承托层下端设置有调整水流量的阀门15。大幅度实时调整流速。
该实施例中，所述塔体上设置有反冲清洗装置，所述反冲清洗装置包括反冲水泵13和连接反冲水泵与塔体下部空心室的清洗水管。清水经反冲水泵驱动进入下部空心室，然后向上流经承托层、滤层、填料层、布水槽和配水区，最后出水口流出，完成对填料层的冲洗，以保证后续的设备工作高效进行。
该实施例中，所述塔体上还设置有曝气装置，所述曝气装置包括气泵3和进气管，所述进气管后段设置为连通的两根支管，其一根支管连接在进水管上，另一根支管连接在塔体的填料层位置。
该实施例中，所述进气管的两根支管上均设置有手动开合的进气阀门4。根据需求即时控制两个支管的开闭，可以选择其中一根支管处于开放状态进行曝气，也可以选择两根支管同时开启，曝气度更均，为微生物反应提供充分的缺氧环境。该装置为人为主动干预装置，操作上可灵活选择开启或关闭。
曝氮过程，充分将塔体内的氧、及水体内的空气排挤出去，营造更佳的无氧环境，更利于完成缺氧环境下的脱氮反应。
使用上述脱氮装置时，可按下述的步骤进行：污水首先进入所述装置的配水区，以便均匀布水；经过配水区、布水槽、固定化微生物包埋的陶粒和承托层的卵石，实现水流的增阻减速，让水流均匀流经各层时保有充分的作用时间，在水泵的驱动力下，污水自上而下流经整个塔体，通过下部空室沉淀后出水，完成整个脱氮过程。
污水流向选择自上而下，泵体驱动力结合水体自重，水体输送连续性上容易得到保障，且外驱动装置的能耗可以得到一定程序的减少，节能降耗，进一步降低装置运行成本。
使用上述脱氮装置的操作工艺及对应反应效果如下：将污水处理厂的废水经出水管路流入至集水池内，然后废水经进水泵2从进水口进入配水区7内，然后由上至下依次流经布水槽8、填料层9、滤层10、承托层11，最后在下部空室12沉淀后，从出水口出水，完成整个脱氮过程；上述脱除过程中，进水TN浓度为16～21mg/L，NO3浓度为15～20mg/L，当停留时间5.4min时，出水TN1.8mg/L，负荷1182g/(m3.d)，脱氮效率92.9％；适当延长停留时间，可以获得的最低出水TN、浓度为0.3mg/L，脱氮效率分别达到98.2％。
厌氧环境下的脱氮反应流程如图3所示：
该工艺流程，以硫为基质的自养反硝化过程中通常采用以单质硫为电子供体，去除1g硝态氮需要2.514g硫，产生0.08g有机氮，生成7.54g硫酸根离子，需要0.34g无机碳，0.08g氨氮合成反硝化菌，需消耗碱度4.57g(以CaCO3计)。
该实施例中，所述出水泵上设置有水流自控装置，所述水流自控装置包括设置在 出水泵上PLC 15、设于PLC上的流量感应检测元件17，所述PLC和出水泵之间设置有变频器16，所述流量感应元件连接在出水口上。所述流量感应元件包括数据采集元件和总氮监测仪，通过流量感应元件采集的水流流量信息数据，经检测数据被采集后反馈到PLC，PLC根据接收到的采集信息，调整变频器，控制出水泵的输入功率参数实时控制出水量，以实现整体的水流流速的控制，保证净化工艺高效进行，并实时灵活可控。
上述自控反应式，分别以填料层厚度80cm和120cm两种实际情况数据反应得出的对应参数方程式：
填料层厚度80cm：y＝0.256x+0.02
填料层厚度120cm：y＝0.37x-0.12
上述两反应式对应参数方程式直线如图4所示
其阶段取值对应参数列表：
X(单位时间) 1 2 3 4
y＝0.256x+0.02 0.276 0.532 0.788 1.044
y＝0.37x-0.12 0.25 0.62 0.99 1.36
该自控反应装置控制过程，参数对应值符合方程式y＝ax+b，其中y为TN去除量，x为反应时间，a、b为不同硬件参数下对应的常数，填料层厚度分别为80cm和120cm的时候，对应的方式分别如上表。
规律性控制反应过程，精准度高，科学性强，灵活性佳，方便实时管理和调整。
除上述优选实施例外，本发明还有其他的实施方式，本领域技术人员可以根据本发明作出各种改变和变形，只要不脱离本发明的精神，均应属于本发明所附权利要求所定义的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，包括中转待处理污水的集水池(1)、连通集水池的出水泵(2)、连通出水泵的出水管的柱形塔体(6)，其特征在于：所述塔体的高径比为10：1，该塔体由上而下依次包括配水区(7)、填料层(9)、滤层(10)、承托层(11)和下部空心室(12)，填料层由粒径3-5mm的颗粒状填料组成，填料层的孔隙率为30％，填料层高度为80-120cm；滤层厚度为60-80cm；承托层由直径为4cm的卵石组成，承托层高度为8cm；配水区设置有连接水泵的进水口，下部空室设置有出水口，塔体的顶部设置有排气孔(5)，所述滤层填充物为砂，所述砂的粒径为3-5mm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，其特征在于：所述填料层上端设置有布水槽(8)，所述布水槽上设置均布的布水孔(14)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，其特征在于：所述布水槽上设置的布水孔的轴向路径为螺旋形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，其特征在于：所述填料层的颗粒状填料为固定化微生物颗粒，所述固定化微生物颗粒的粒径为5mm，所述填料层的高度为100cm。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，其特征在于：所述固定化微生物颗粒包括吸附载体和微生物体，所述吸附载体为单质硫，所述微生物体至少包括脱氮硫杆菌、反硝化硫单胞菌中的一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，其特征在于：所述承托层下端设置有调整水流量的阀门(15)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，其特征在于：所述塔体上设置有反冲清洗装置，所述反冲清洗装置包括反冲水泵(13)、连接反冲水泵与塔体下部空心室的清洗水管。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，其特征在于：所述塔体上还设置有曝气装置，所述曝气装置包括气泵(3)和进气管，所述进气管后段设置为连通的两根支管，其一根支管连通至进水管内，另一根支管连通至在塔体的填料层内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，其特征在于：所述进气管的两根支管上均设置有手动开合的进气阀门(4)。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无碳源深度生物脱氮装置，其特征在于：所述出水泵上设置有水流自控装置，所述水流自控装置包括设置在出水泵上PLC(15)、设于PLC上的流量感应检测元件(17)，所述PLC和出水泵之间设置有变频器(16)，所述流量感应元件连接在出水口上。
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