WO2021046761A1 - Configuration dmrs ul pour mimo mu - Google Patents

Configuration dmrs ul pour mimo mu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021046761A1
WO2021046761A1 PCT/CN2019/105406 CN2019105406W WO2021046761A1 WO 2021046761 A1 WO2021046761 A1 WO 2021046761A1 CN 2019105406 W CN2019105406 W CN 2019105406W WO 2021046761 A1 WO2021046761 A1 WO 2021046761A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell throughput
network node
mimo group
network
processing circuitry
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PCT/CN2019/105406
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English (en)
Inventor
Chunhui Liu
Qi Zhang
Wei Zhou
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Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/105406 priority Critical patent/WO2021046761A1/fr
Publication of WO2021046761A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021046761A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0404—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas the mobile station comprising multiple antennas, e.g. to provide uplink diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0073—Allocation arrangements that take into account other cell interferences

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to communications, and more particularly to communication methods and related devices and nodes supporting wireless communications.
  • 5G 5th generation wireless systems
  • the primary technologies include: millimeter wave bands (26, 28, 38, and 60 GHz) which offer performance as high as 20 gigabits per second; massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output -e.g., 64-256 antennas) which offer performance ′′up to ten times current 4G networks; and “Low-band 5G′′ and ′′Mid-band 5G′′ which use frequencies from 600 MHz to 6 GHz.
  • 5G is being designed to significantly improve the performance, flexibility, scalability and efficiency of current mobile networks, and to get the most out of the available spectrum that can be licensed, shared or unlicensed, across a wide variety of spectrum bands.
  • Multi-user MIMO can leverage multiple users as spatially distributed transmission resources at the cost of somewhat more expensive signal processing. In comparison, conventional, or single-user MIMO considers only local device multiple antenna resources. Multi-user MIMO algorithms are being developed to enhance MIMO systems when the number of users or connections is greater than one. Multi-user MIMO can be generalized into two categories: MIMO broadcast channels (MIMO BC) and MIMO multiple access channels (MIMO MAC) for downlink and uplink situations, respectively.
  • MIMO BC MIMO broadcast channels
  • MIMO MAC MIMO multiple access channels
  • the uplink (UL) demodulation reference signal is a reference signal for PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) implying that an eNodeB would not be able to decode PUSCH if the UL DMRS is bad.
  • New Radio may support a very wide range of scenarios and use cases, including variable numerology.
  • the DMRS defined for NR can be configurable and can be adapted to suit different conditions. In scenarios with higher Doppler spreads, DMRS may need to be transmitted more frequently in time, and radio channels with larger delay spreads may require a denser DMRS pattern in the frequency-domain in comparisons to radio channels with small delay spreads. The same holds true for frequency offsets/errors for UL.
  • the set of DMRS defined for NR contain different configuration options.
  • the configurations differ in time and frequency density, frequency mapping, symbol mapping and port multiplexing.
  • the DMRS for NR is defined in [2] , see section 6.4.1.1 for UL DMRS and section 7.4.1.1 for downlink (DL) DMRS. Some configuration options are described below.
  • the DMRS can either be mapped on a single symbol, i.e. single symbol based, or to two adjacent symbols, i.e. double symbol based.
  • CDM time domain code division multiplexing
  • Figure 1 illustrates a single and a double symbol DMRS.
  • Type 1 has a comb based mapping pattern meaning that any DMRS port is mapped interleaved on every second subcarrier.
  • the frequency density per port is 6 resource elements per symbol and physical resource block (PRB) , and there are two CDM groups (one per comb) .
  • Type 2 has a non-comb based mapping with 3 CDM groups with a frequency density per port of 4 resource element per symbol and PRB.
  • Figure 2 illustrates how the CDM groups can be mapped to subcarriers for Type 1 and Type 2.
  • frequency domain CDM defined as a length 2 OCC (orthogonal cover code) code.
  • OCC orthogonal cover code
  • the DMRS can either be configured as pure front loaded or front loaded with additional DMRS.
  • additional DMRS meaning there will be 2+2 symbols in total.
  • the 2 and 3 additional DMRS are intended for high speed scenarios.
  • Figure 3 illustrates where the DMRS symbols in the single symbol case are located in the slot for a different number of additional symbols.
  • a method is provided to form a group of user equipments, UEs, for uplink, UL, multi-user, MU, multiple input multiple output, MIMO operation.
  • the method includes estimating a first cell throughput of a UL MU MIMO group that includes a first UE and a second UE in the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the method further includes estimating a second cell throughput of the UL MU MIMO group that includes the first UE and that excludes the second UE.
  • the method further includes determining whether the second cell throughput is less than the first cell throughput.
  • the method further includes responsive to the second cell throughput being less than the first cell throughput, allowing the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group.
  • One advantage that may be provided is that better throughput for UL MU MIMO may be achieved in the presence to significant Doppler spread.
  • network node configured to operate in a communication network is adapted to perform operations including estimating a first cell throughput of a UL MU MIMO group that includes a first UE and a second UE.
  • the network node is adapted to perform further operations including estimating a second cell throughput of the UL MU MIMO group that includes the first UE and that excludes the second UE.
  • the network node is adapted to perform further operations including determining whether the second cell throughput is less than the first cell throughput.
  • the network node is adapted to perform further operations including responsive to the second cell throughput being less than the first cell throughput, allowing the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group.
  • Figure 1 is an illustration of single and double symbol DRMS
  • Figure 2 is an illustration of how CDM groups can be mapped to subcarriers for Type 1 and Type 2 frequency mappings
  • Figure 3 is an illustration of where DRMS symbols may be located in a slot for a different number of additional symbols
  • Figure 4 is an illustration of how UE velocity, channel estimates, and the number ofuplink multi-user layers may be jointly considered in accordance with some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figure 5 is an illustration of multiple UEs being assigned with the same UL radio frequency and time resources
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram illustrating a mobile terminal UE according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a radio access network RAN node (e.g., a base station eNB/gNB) according to some embodiments of inventive concepts;
  • a radio access network RAN node e.g., a base station eNB/gNB
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating a core network node (e.g., an AMF node, an SMF node, etc. ) according to some embodiments of inventive concepts;
  • a core network node e.g., an AMF node, an SMF node, etc.
  • Figures 9-12 are flow charts illustrating operations of a network node according to some embodiments of inventive concepts.
  • Figure 13 is a block diagram of a virtualized network node in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 14 is a block diagram of a wireless network in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 15 is a block diagram of a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 16 is a block diagram of a virtualization environment in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 17 is a block diagram of a telecommunication network connected via an intermediate network to a host computer in accordance with some embodiments;
  • Figure 18 is a block diagram of a host computer communicating via a base station with a user equipment over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments;
  • Figure 19 is a block diagram of methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments;
  • Figure 20 is a block diagram of methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments;
  • Figure 21 is a block diagram of methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 22 is a block diagram of methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a wireless device UE 600 (also referred to as a mobile terminal, a mobile communication terminal, a wireless communication device, a wireless terminal, a wireless communication terminal, user equipment, UE, a user equipment node/terminal/device, etc. ) configured to provide wireless communication according to embodiments of inventive concepts.
  • a wireless device UE 600 also referred to as a mobile terminal, a mobile communication terminal, a wireless communication device, a wireless terminal, a wireless communication terminal, user equipment, UE, a user equipment node/terminal/device, etc.
  • Wireless device 600 may be provided, for example, as discussed below with respect to wireless device QQ110 of Figure 14.
  • wireless device UE may include an antenna 607 (e.g., corresponding to antenna QQ111 of Figure 14) , and transceiver circuitry 601 (also referred to as a transceiver, e.g., corresponding to interface QQ114 of Figure 14) including a transmitter and a receiver configured to provide uplink and downlink radio communications with a base station (s) (e.g., corresponding to network node QQ160 of Figure 14) of a radio access network.
  • a base station e.g., corresponding to network node QQ160 of Figure 14
  • Wireless device UE 600 may also include processing circuitry 603 (also referred to as a processor, e.g., corresponding to processing circuitry QQ120 of Figure 14) coupled to the transceiver circuitry, and memory circuitry 605 (also referred to as memory, e.g., corresponding to device readable medium QQ130 of Figure 14) coupled to the processing circuitry.
  • the memory circuitry 605 may include computer readable program code that when executed by the processing circuitry 603 causes the processing circuitry to perform operations according to embodiments disclosed herein. According to other embodiments, processing circuitry 603 may be defined to include memory so that separate memory circuitry is not required.
  • Wireless device UE 600 may also include an interface (such as a user interface) coupled with processing circuitry 603, and/or wireless device UE may be incorporated in a vehicle.
  • operations of wireless device UE 600 may be performed by processing circuitry 603 and/or transceiver circuitry 601.
  • processing circuitry 603 may control transceiver circuitry 601 to transmit communications through transceiver circuitry 601 over a radio interface to a radio access network node (also referred to as a base station) and/or to receive communications through transceiver circuitry 601 from a RAN node over a radio interface.
  • modules may be stored in memory circuitry 605, and these modules may provide instructions so that when instructions of a module are executed by processing circuitry 603, processing circuitry 603 performs respective operations (e.g., operations discussed below with respect to Example Embodiments relating to wireless devices) .
  • FIG 7 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a radio access network RAN node 700 (also referred to as a network node, base station, eNodeB/eNB, gNodeB/gNB, etc. ) of a Radio Access Network (RAN) configured to provide cellular communication according to embodiments of inventive concepts.
  • RAN node 700 may be provided, for example, as discussed below with respect to network node QQ160 of Figure 14 or as a virtual node as described in Figures 13 and 16.
  • the RAN node may include transceiver circuitry 701 (also referred to as a transceiver, e.g., corresponding to portions of interface QQ190 of Figure 14) including a transmitter and a receiver configured to provide uplink and downlink radio communications with mobile terminals.
  • the RAN node 700 may include network interface circuitry 707 (also referred to as a network interface, e.g., corresponding to portions of interface QQ190 of Figure 14) configured to provide communications with other nodes (e.g., with other base stations) of the RAN and/or core network CN.
  • the network node may also include a processing circuitry 703 (also referred to as a processor, e.g., corresponding to processing circuitry QQ170) coupled to the transceiver circuitry, and a memory circuitry 705 (also referred to as memory, e.g., corresponding to device readable medium QQ180 of Figure 14) coupled to the processing circuitry.
  • the memory circuitry 705 may include computer readable program code that when executed by the processing circuitry 703 causes the processing circuitry to perform operations according to embodiments disclosed herein. According to other embodiments, processing circuitry 703 may be defined to include memory so that a separate memory circuitry is not required.
  • operations of the RAN node 700 may be performed by processing circuitry 703, network interface 707, and/or transceiver 701.
  • processing circuitry 703 may control transceiver 701 to transmit downlink communications through transceiver 701 over a radio interface to one or more mobile terminals UEs and/or to receive uplink communications through transceiver 701 from one or more mobile terminals UEs over a radio interface.
  • processing circuitry 703 may control network interface 707 to transmit communications through network interface 707 to one or more other network nodes and/or to receive communications through network interface from one or more other network nodes.
  • modules may be stored in memory 705, and these modules may provide instructions so that when instructions of a module are executed by processing circuitry 703, processing circuitry 703 performs respective operations (e.g., operations discussed below with respect to Figures 9-12) .
  • a network node may be implemented as a core network CN node without a transceiver.
  • transmission to a wireless device UE may be initiated by the network node so that transmission to the wireless device is provided through a network node including a transceiver (e.g., through a base station or RAN node) .
  • initiating transmission may include transmitting through the transceiver.
  • FIG 8 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a core network CN node 800 (e.g., an SMF node, an AMF node, etc. ) of a communication network configured to provide cellular communication according to embodiments of inventive concepts.
  • the CN node 800 may be provided, for example, as similar to the network node QQ160 of Figure 14 or as a distributed network node.
  • the CN node 800 may include network interface circuitry 807 (also referred to as a network interface) configured to provide communications with other nodes of the core network and/or the radio access network RAN.
  • the CN node 800 may also include a processing circuitry 803 (also referred to as a processor) coupled to the network interface circuitry, and memory circuitry 805 (also referred to as memory) coupled to the processing circuitry.
  • the memory circuitry 805 may include computer readable program code that when executed by the processing circuitry 803 causes the processing circuitry to perform operations according to embodiments disclosed herein. According to other embodiments, processing circuitry 703 may be defined to include memory so that a separate memory circuitry is not required.
  • operations of the CN node may be performed by processing circuitry 803 and/or network interface circuitry 807.
  • processing circuitry 803 may control network interface circuitry 807 to transmit communications through network interface circuitry 807 to one or more other network nodes and/or to receive communications through network interface circuitry from one or more other network nodes.
  • modules may be stored in memory 805, and these modules may provide instructions so that when instructions of a module are executed by processing circuitry 803, processing circuitry 803 performs respective operations (e.g., operations discussed below with respect to Example Embodiments relating to core network nodes) .
  • the beamforming weight-based channel estimates by UL DMRS at time k -t do not match the channels for traffic at time k (e.g., beamforming weights are given by measured UL reference signals, and the measured UL references signals at time k -t become invalid at time k. )
  • the above equation may be re-written as
  • the Doppler delay spread of one UE may impact the MU performance of other UEs.
  • one aspect of the inventive concepts is jointly considering UL DMRS configuration and UL MU MIMO grouping. For example as the number of UL MU layers increases, channel estimates may become more ineffective in time. As the UE velocity grows, the number of UL MU layers can be reduced.
  • a UE velocity estimation is obtained.
  • the number of UL MU layers may be reduced.
  • the number of UL MU layers may be reduced.
  • the preconfigured threshold may be adjustable.
  • the reduction in the number of UL MU layers may result in a UL DMRS reconfiguration.
  • a reconfiguration of the UL DMRS may lead to an increase in the number of UL MU layers.
  • the UL MU MIMO can generally be explained by Figure 5, which illustrates multiple UEs being assigned with the same UL radio frequency and time resources.
  • Figure 5 illustrates multiple UEs being assigned with the same UL radio frequency and time resources.
  • the power of the intended signal may be determined based on an amplitude of
  • the Doppler spread becomes large and the temporal channel variation becomes large. This may result in the beamforming weights based on the reference signal at time k-t not matching the channels at time k. This may result in a decrease in the received power.
  • the interference power may be determined based on
  • the orthogonality between W k-t, i for user i and the channel H k, j may be lost. Additionally, the interference power can be increasing in the number of layers with high Doppler spreads.
  • W k, i denote the wide band PMI report by user i at time k.
  • the variation over time of the wide band PMI may be evaluated as
  • a filter may be employed to filter the variation to avoid burst error or a false alarm.
  • a filter to be employed may be any filter to be employed.
  • the gNB may assume that the UE is moving at high speed. To avoid unnecessary false alarms that the UE is moving at high speed, subband CSI reporting may be considered, which includes signal strength, channel ranks, preferred precoding matrix and so forth.
  • the gNB may configure subband CSI report to gain more samples. Then, an average of the variation over subbands may be derived to aid in determining whether the UE is moving at high speed. The decision on detecting may be further implemented by setting several thresholds.
  • a relation between Doppler spread and the filtered and averaged variation can be determined to quantize a Doppler thread.
  • the gNB may estimate the SINRs (signal to interference and noise ratios) by evaluating the received power and interference power where the interference is determined by Doppler spread of all UEs in the set. Note that the interference can be proportional to the number of layers.
  • the throughput of MU MIMO may be formulated based on
  • the gNB may consider moving the UE causing the strongest interference out of the UL MU MIMO set (e.g., not allowing the UE to join the UL MU MIMO) .
  • the interference is determined by the Doppler spread and the received power at the gNB.
  • DMRS configuration may be via RRC (radio resource controller) reconfiguration.
  • the DMRS configuration thus may take tens of millisecond to become effective.
  • the gNB may reconfigure UL DMRS for the UE that was moved out of the UL MU MIMO to have more DMRS symbols.
  • optimization objectives such as maximizing cell throughput, ensuring the minimum rate for each UE, maximizing the lowest data rate of UEs, etc. Solving these optimization objectives may be used to derive a solution as
  • the vectors ⁇ [k] , P, N refer to the Doppler spreads, received powers and the best number of DMRS symbols of different UEs, respectively.
  • the matrices W k and H k denote the beamforming weights and channels of UEs, respectively.
  • a look-up table may be used to find the proper number ofUL DMRS symbols to use (e.g., using one or more of the variables listed above) .
  • the cell throughput for the group of UEs with the UE added to the group is estimated as described above.
  • the cell throughput for the group of UEs without the UE added to the group is also estimated as described above.
  • the estimation of these two cell throughputs may be performed in any order. If the estimated cell throughput for the group of UEs without the UE added to the group of UEs is higher than the estimated cell throughput for the group of UEs with the UE added to the group of UEs, the UE is not added to the group of UEs.
  • the UE is added to the group of UEs.
  • the DRMS configuration of the UE is updated.
  • Multiple UEs can be attached to a gNB with full traffic and be grouped together and assigned with the same UL time and radio resources. When the velocity of one or more of these UEs increases, interference from these UEs may occur which can lower the cell throughput. These UEs may then be moved out of the UL MU MIMO in order to maintain the cell throughputs.
  • the DMRS can be reconfigured such as, for example, increasing the frequency of the DRMS being transmitted, creating more groups, lowering priority of the UEs, etc. Once the DRMS has been reconfigured, the UEs may become part of the UL MU MIMO provided the UE′s do not increase cell throughput as described above.
  • modules may be stored in memory 705 of Figure 7 or memory 805 of Figure 8, and these modules may provide instructions so that when the instructions of a module are executed by respective network node processing circuitry 703/803, processing circuitry 703/803 performs respective operations of the flow chart.
  • radio network node 700 shall be used to describe operations of the flow charts of Figures 9-12. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the core network node 800 may be used.
  • the radio network node 700 and/or the core network node 800 may be a distributed network node or a virtualized network node in other embodiments.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may add a first UE to a uplink multi-user multiple input multiple output (UL MU MIMO) group.
  • the processing circuitry may add a second UE to the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may estimate a first cell throughput of the UL MU MIMO group with the first UE and the second UE in the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may remove the second UE from the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuitry may estimate a second cell throughput of the UL MU MIMO group with the second UE removed from the UL MU MIMO group.
  • Estimating the first cell throughput and/or the second cell throughput may be based on at least one of a noise power, an interference power, and a power of received intended signals. In one embodiment, the estimate of the first cell throughput and/or the second cell throughput may be based on
  • R [k] is the estimated first cell throughput and/or second cell throughput
  • W k-t, i is a beamforming weight for a UE at time k-t
  • H k, i are channel coefficients for the UE at time k
  • is an amplitude of the power of the received intended signals
  • ⁇ 0 is the noise power.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may determine whether the second cell throughput is less than the first cell throughput. In other embodiments, the determination of whether the second cell throughput is less than the first cell throughput includes determining whether the second cell throughput is less than or equal to the first cell throughput.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the second cell throughput being less than (or less than or equal to in other embodiments) the first cell throughput, the second UE may be allowed to be in the UL MU MIMO group.
  • allowing the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group comprises adding the second UE to the UL MU MIMO group (e.g., where the second UE is not currently part of the UL MU MIMO group) .
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the second cell throughput being greater than the first cell throughput, not allow the second UE to be in (e.g., not add the second UE to) the UL MU MIMO group. In some embodiments, the processing circuity 703 may not allow the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group when the second cell throughput is substantially equal to the first cell throughput. In some embodiments, not allowing the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group comprises not/forgoing adding the second UE to the UL MU MIMO group (e.g., where the second UE is not currently part of the UL MU MIMO group) .
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the second cell throughput being greater than the first cell throughput, update the DMRS configuration of the second UE. For example, when the second UE is not allowed to be in the UL MU MIMO group, the process includes causing the DMRS configuration of the second UE to be updated.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the second cell throughput being greater than the first cell throughput, select a number of DMRS symbols for the second UE based on one or more of a Doppler spread of the second UE, a beamforming weight for the second UE, and channel coefficients for the second UE. For example, a function (e.g., f ( ⁇ [k] , P, W k , H k ) ) and/or lookup table can be used to select the number of DMRS symbols.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may estimate the Doppler spread in some embodiments. In these embodiments, the processing circuitry 703 may estimate the Doppler spread and/or the UE velocity.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may add a third UE to the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuity 703 may estimate a third cell throughput of a UL MU MIMO group that includes the first UE, the second UE, and the third UE.
  • the third cell throughput may be estimated as described above.
  • the processing circuity 703 may remove the third UE from the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may estimate a fourth cell throughput of the UL MU MIMO group that includes the first UE and the second UE and that excludes the third UE.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may determine whether the fourth cell throughput is less than the third cell throughput. In block 1011, the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the third cell throughput being less than the fourth cell throughput, allow the third UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group. In block 1013, the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the third cell throughput being greater than the fourth cell throughput, not allow the third UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the third cell throughput being greater than the fourth cell throughput, update the DMRS configuration of the third UE. Additionally, the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the second cell throughput being greater than the first cell throughput, select a number of DMRS symbols for the third UE based on one or more of a Doppler spread of the third UE, a beamforming weight for the third UE, and channel coefficients for the third UE.
  • Figures 9 and 10 describe embodiments when the cell throughput is first estimated when a device is added and then estimated when the device that was added is removed. In other embodiments, the cell throughput may be estimated before the device is added and then when the device is added.
  • Figures 11 and 12 describe operations that may be performed when the cell throughput can be estimated before the device is added and then when the device is added. To keep terms consistent between the operations of Figures 9-10 and operations of Figures 11 and 12, the estimate of the first cell throughput will be with the first UE and the second UE in the UL MU MIMO group and the estimate of the second cell throughput will be with the first UE in the UL MU MIMO group with the second UE excluded from the group. Thus, in the operations that are described below, the second cell throughput will be estimated before the first cell throughput is estimated and the fourth cell throughput will be estimated before the third cell throughput.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may add a first UE to a UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may estimate a second cell throughput of a UL MU MIMO group that includes a first UE. The estimate may be performed as described above.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may add a second UE to the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may estimate a first cell throughput of a UL MU MIMO group that includes the first UE and the second UE. The estimate may be performed as described above.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may determine whether the second cell throughput is less than the first cell throughput.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the second cell throughput being less than the first cell throughput, allow the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group.
  • allowing the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group comprises keeping (e.g., forgoing/not removing) the second UE to the UL MU MIMO group (e.g., where the second UE is currently part of the UL MU MIMO group) .
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the second cell throughput being greater than the first cell throughput, not allow the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group. In other words, the second UE is removed from the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the second cell throughput being greater than the first cell throughput, update the DRMS configuration of the second UE. For example, when the second UE is not allowed to be in the UL MU MIMO group, the process includes causing the DMRS configuration of the second UE to be updated.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the second cell throughput being greater than the first cell throughput, select a number of DMRS symbols for the second UE based on one or more of a Doppler spread of the second UE, a beamforming weight for the second UE, and channel coefficients for the second UE. For example, a function (e.g., f ( ⁇ [k] , P, W k , H k ) ) and/or lookup table can be used to select the number of DMRS symbols.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may estimate the Doppler spread in some embodiments. In these embodiments, the processing circuitry 703 may estimate the Doppler spread and/or the UE velocity.
  • the processing circuity 903 may estimate a fourth cell throughput of a UL MU MIMO group that includes the first UE and the second UE.
  • the fourth cell throughput may be estimated as described above.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may add a third UE to the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may estimate a third cell throughput of the UL MU MIMO group that includes the first UE and the second UE and that excludes the third UE.
  • the third cell throughput may be estimated as described above.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may determine whether the fourth cell throughput is less than the third cell throughput. In block 1209, the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the fourth cell throughput being less than the third cell throughput, allow the third UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group. In some embodiments, allowing the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group comprises keeping (e.g., forgoing/not removing) the second UE to the UL MU MIMO group (e.g., where the second UE is currently part of the UL MU MIMO group) .
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the third cell throughput being greater than the fourth cell throughput, remove the third UE from the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the fourth cell throughput being less than the third cell throughput, update the DMRS configuration of the third UE. Additionally, the processing circuitry 703 may, responsive to the fourth cell throughput being less than the third cell throughput, select a number of DMRS symbols for the third UE based on one or more of a Doppler spread of the third UE, a beamforming weight for the third UE, and channel coefficients for the third UE.
  • the processing circuitry 703 in the embodiments of Figures 9 and 11 estimates a first cell throughput ora UL MU MIMO group that includes a first UE and a second UE in the UL MU MIMO group and estimates a second cell throughput of the UL MU MIMO group that includes the first UE and that excludes the second UE.
  • the processing circuitry 703 in the embodiments of Figures 9 and 11 determine whether the second cell throughput is less than the first cell throughput, and responsive to the second cell throughput being less than the first cell throughput, allow the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group. Responsive to the second cell throughput being greater than the first cell throughput, the processing circuitry 703 may not allow the second UE to be in the UL MU MIMO group.
  • the network node may be a virtualized network node.
  • Figure 13 illustrates an example ora virtualized network node 1300.
  • the virtualized network node 1300 may include a network interface/transceiver 1301, and a memory 1305.
  • Processing circuitry 1303 may control network interface/transceiver circuitry 1301 to transmit downlink communications through network interface/transceiver circuitry 1301 over a radio interface to one or more mobile terminals UEs and/or to receive uplink communications through network interface/transceiver circuitry 1301 from one or more mobile terminals UEs over a radio interface.
  • processing circuitry 1303 may control network interface/transceiver 1301 to transmit communications through network interface/transceiver 1301 to one or more other network nodes and/or to receive communications through network interface from one or more other network nodes.
  • modules 1307, 1208, 1211, and 1313 may be stored in memory 1305, and these modules may provide instructions so that when instructions of a module are executed by processing circuitry 703, processing circuitry 1303 performs respective operations (e.g., operations discussed below with respect to Figures 9-12) .
  • throughput estimator module 1307 may have instructions, that when executed by processing circuitry 1303, perform the cell throughput estimates as described above.
  • the MU MIMO grouping module 1309 may have instructions, that when executed by processing circuitry 1303, perform the adding and/or removing of a UE to or from a MU MIMO group such as the UL MU MIMO groups described above.
  • the DMRS reconfiguration module 1311 may have instructions, that when executed by processing circuitry 1303, perform the DMRS reconfiguration described above.
  • the Doppler spread/UE velocity module may have instructions, that when executed by processing circuitry 1303, perform the estimation of Doppler spread and/or UE velocity and selection of the number of DMRS symbols as described above.
  • Figure 14 illustrates a wireless network in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a wireless network such as the example wireless network illustrated in Figure 14.
  • the wireless network of Figure 14 only depicts network QQ106, network nodes QQ160 and QQ160b, and WDs QQ110, QQ110b, and QQ110c (also referred to as mobile terminals) .
  • a wireless network may further include any additional elements suitable to support communication between wireless devices or between a wireless device and another communication device, such as a landline telephone, a service provider, or any other network node or end device.
  • network node QQ160 and wireless device (WD) QQ110 are depicted with additional detail.
  • the wireless network may provide communication and other types of services to one or more wireless devices to facilitate the wireless devices' access to and/or use of the services provided by, or via, the wireless network.
  • the wireless network may comprise and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, and/or radio network or other similar type of system.
  • the wireless network may be configured to operate according to specific standards or other types ofpredefined rules or procedures.
  • particular embodiments of the wireless network may implement communication standards, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 standards; and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave and/or ZigBee standards.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • Bluetooth Z-Wave and/or ZigBe
  • Network QQ106 may comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) , packet data networks, optical networks, wide-area networks (WANs) , local area networks (LANs) , wireless local area networks (WLANs) , wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks to enable communication between devices.
  • PSTNs public switched telephone networks
  • WANs wide-area networks
  • LANs local area networks
  • WLANs wireless local area networks
  • wired networks wireless networks
  • wireless networks metropolitan area networks, and other networks to enable communication between devices.
  • Network node QQ160 and WD QQ110 comprise various components described in more detail below. These components work together in order to provide network node and/or wireless device functionality, such as providing wireless connections in a wireless network.
  • the wireless network may comprise any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relay stations, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.
  • network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a wireless device and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the wireless network to enable and/or provide wireless access to the wireless device and/or to perform other functions (e.g., administration) in the wireless network.
  • network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) .
  • APs access points
  • BSs base stations
  • eNBs evolved Node Bs
  • gNBs NR NodeBs
  • Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and may then also be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations.
  • a base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay.
  • a network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) .
  • RRUs remote radio units
  • RRHs Remote Radio Heads
  • Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio.
  • Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , core network nodes (e.g., MSCs, MMEs) , O&M nodes, OSS nodes, SON nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., E-SMLCs) , and/or MDTs.
  • MSR multi-standard radio
  • RNCs radio network controllers
  • BSCs base station controllers
  • BTSs base transceiver stations
  • MCEs multi-cell/multicast coordination entities
  • core network nodes e.g., MSCs, MMEs
  • O&M nodes e.g., OSS nodes
  • SON nodes e.g., SON nodes
  • positioning nodes e.g.
  • network nodes may represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable to enable and/or provide a wireless device with access to the wireless network or to provide some service to a wireless device that has accessed the wireless network.
  • network node QQ160 includes processing circuitry QQ170, device readable medium QQ180, interface QQ190, auxiliary equipment QQ184, power source QQ186, power circuitry QQ187, and antenna QQ162.
  • network node QQ160 illustrated in the example wireless network of Figure 14 may represent a device that includes the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise network nodes with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that a network node comprises any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein.
  • network node QQ160 may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component (e.g., device readable medium QQ180 may comprise multiple separate hard drives as well as multiple RAM modules) .
  • network node QQ160 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components.
  • network node QQ160 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components)
  • one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes.
  • a single RNC may control multiple NodeB's .
  • each unique NodeB and RNC pair may in some instances be considered a single separate network node.
  • network node QQ160 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) .
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • Network node QQ160 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node QQ160, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node QQ160.
  • Processing circuitry QQ170 is configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being provided by a network node. These operations performed by processing circuitry QQ170 may include processing information obtained by processing circuitry QQ170 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • processing information obtained by processing circuitry QQ170 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • Processing circuitry QQ170 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node QQ160 components, such as device readable medium QQ180, network node QQ160 functionality.
  • processing circuitry QQ170 may execute instructions stored in device readable medium QQ180 or in memory within processing circuitry QQ170. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussed herein.
  • processing circuitry QQ170 may include a system on a chip (SOC) .
  • SOC system on a chip
  • processing circuitry QQ170 may include one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ172 and baseband processing circuitry QQ174.
  • radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ172 and baseband processing circuitry QQ174 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units.
  • part or all of RF transceiver circuitry QQ172 and baseband processing circuitry QQ174 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units
  • processing circuitry QQ170 executing instructions stored on device readable medium QQ180 or memory within processing circuitry QQ170.
  • some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry QQ170 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable medium, such as in a hard-wired manner.
  • processing circuitry QQ170 can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry QQ170 alone or to other components of network node QQ160, but are enjoyed by network node QQ160 as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.
  • Device readable medium QQ180 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry QQ170.
  • volatile or non-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or
  • Device readable medium QQ180 may store any suitable instructions, data or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry QQ170 and, utilized by network node QQ160.
  • Device readable medium QQ180 may be used to store any calculations made by processing circuitry QQ170 and/or any data received via interface QQ190.
  • processing circuitry QQ170 and device readable medium QQ180 may be considered to be integrated.
  • Interface QQ190 is used in the wired or wireless communication of signalling and/or data between network node QQ160, network QQ106, and/or WDs QQ110. As illustrated, interface QQ190 comprises port (s) /terminal (s) QQ194 to send and receive data, for example to and from network QQ106 over a wired connection. Interface QQ190 also includes radio front end circuitry QQ192 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, antenna QQ162. Radio front end circuitry QQ192 comprises filters QQ198 and amplifiers QQ196. Radio front end circuitry QQ192 may be connected to antenna QQ162 and processing circuitry QQ170.
  • Radio front end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna QQ162 and processing circuitry QQ170.
  • Radio front end circuitry QQ192 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection.
  • Radio front end circuitry QQ192 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters QQ198 and/or amplifiers QQ196. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna QQ162.
  • antenna QQ162 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry QQ192.
  • the digital data may be passed to processing circuitry QQ170.
  • the interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
  • network node QQ160 may not include separate radio front end circuitry QQ192, instead, processing circuitry QQ170 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna QQ162 without separate radio front end circuitry QQ192.
  • processing circuitry QQ170 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna QQ162 without separate radio front end circuitry QQ192.
  • all or some of RF transceiver circuitry QQ172 may be considered a part of interface QQ190.
  • interface QQ190 may include one or more ports or terminals QQ194, radio front end circuitry QQ192, and RF transceiver circuitry QQ172, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and interface QQ190 may communicate with baseband processing circuitry QQ174, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
  • Antenna QQ162 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. Antenna QQ162 may be coupled to radio front end circuitry QQ190 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. In some embodiments, antenna QQ162 may comprise one or more omni-directional, sector or panel antennas operable to transmit/receive radio signals between, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz.
  • An omni-directional antenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals in any direction
  • a sector antenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals from devices within a particular area
  • a panel antenna may be a line of sight antenna used to transmit/receive radio signals in a relatively straight line.
  • the use of more than one antenna may be referred to as MIMO.
  • antenna QQ162 may be separate from network node QQ160 and may be connectable to network node QQ160 through an interface or port.
  • Antenna QQ162, interface QQ190, and/or processing circuitry QQ170 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, antenna QQ162, interface QQ190, and/or processing circuitry QQ170 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment.
  • Power circuitry QQ187 may comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry and is configured to supply the components of network node QQ160 with power for performing the functionality described herein. Power circuitry QQ187 may receive power from power source QQ186. Power source QQ186 and/or power circuitry QQ187 may be configured to provide power to the various components of network node QQ160 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . Power source QQ186 may either be included in, or external to, power circuitry QQ187 and/or network node QQ160.
  • network node QQ160 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry QQ187.
  • power source QQ186 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry QQ187. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
  • Other types of power sources such as photovoltaic devices, may also be used.
  • network node QQ160 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 14 that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the network node's functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein.
  • network node QQ160 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into network node QQ160 and to allow output of information from network node QQ160. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for network node QQ160.
  • wireless device refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other wireless devices.
  • the term WD may be used interchangeably herein with user equipment (UE) .
  • Communicating wirelessly may involve transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information through air.
  • a WD may be configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction.
  • a WD may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the network.
  • Examples of a WD include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, a mobile phone, a cell phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless cameras, a gaming console or device, a music storage device, a playback appliance, a wearable terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, a tablet, a laptop, a laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , a laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a smart device, a wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) . a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, etc.
  • VoIP voice over IP
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • a wireless cameras a gaming console or device
  • a gaming console or device a music storage device
  • a playback appliance a wearable terminal device
  • a wireless endpoint a mobile station, a tablet, a laptop, a laptop-embedded equipment (LEE)
  • a WD may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3 GPP standard for sidelink communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and may in this case be referred to as a D2D communication device.
  • D2D device-to-device
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • a WD may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another WD and/or a network node.
  • the WD may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device.
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • the WD may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) standard.
  • NB-IoT narrow band internet of things
  • machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances (e.g. refrigerators, televisions, etc. ) personal wearables (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc. ) .
  • a WD may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
  • a WD as described above may represent the endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device may be referred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, a WD as described above may be mobile, in which case it may also be referred to as a mobile device or a mobile terminal.
  • wireless device QQ110 includes antenna QQ111, interface QQ114, processing circuitry QQ120, device readable medium QQ130, user interface equipment QQ132, auxiliary equipment QQ134, power source QQ136 and power circuitry QQ137.
  • WD QQ110 may include multiple sets of one or more of the illustrated components for different wireless technologies supported by WD QQ110, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, just to mention a few. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or set of chips as other components within WD QQ110.
  • Antenna QQ111 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals, and is connected to interface QQ114.
  • antenna QQ111 may be separate from WD QQ110 and be connectable to WD QQ110 through an interface or port.
  • Antenna QQ111, interface QQ114, and/or processing circuitry QQ120 may be configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a network node and/or another WD.
  • radio front end circuitry and/or antenna QQ111 may be considered an interface.
  • interface QQ114 comprises radio front end circuitry QQ112 and antenna QQ111.
  • Radio front end circuitry QQ112 comprise one or more filters QQ118 and amplifiers QQ116.
  • Radio front end circuitry QQ114 is connected to antenna QQ111 and processing circuitry QQ120, and is configured to condition signals communicated between antenna QQ111 and processing circuitry QQ120.
  • Radio front end circuitry QQ112 may be coupled to or a part of antenna QQ111.
  • WD QQ110 may not include separate radio front end circuitry QQ112; rather, processing circuitry QQ120 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna QQ111.
  • Radio front end circuitry QQ112 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry QQ112 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters QQ118 and/or amplifiers QQ116. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna QQ111. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna QQ111 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry QQ112. The digital data may be passed to processing circuitry QQ120.
  • the interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
  • Processing circuitry QQ120 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other WD QQ110 components, such as device readable medium QQ130, WD QQ110 functionality. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features or benefits discussed herein.
  • processing circuitry QQ120 may execute instructions stored in device readable medium QQ130 or in memory within processing circuitry QQ120 to provide the functionality disclosed herein.
  • processing circuitry QQ120 includes one or more of RF transceiver circuitry QQ122, baseband processing circuitry QQ124, and application processing circuitry QQ126.
  • the processing circuitry may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
  • processing circuitry QQ120 ofWD QQ110 may comprise a SOC.
  • RF transceiver circuitry QQ122, baseband processing circuitry QQ124, and application processing circuitry QQ126 may be on separate chips or sets of chips.
  • part or all of baseband processing circuitry QQ124 and application processing circuitry QQ126 may be combined into one chip or set of chips, and RF transceiver circuitry QQ122 may be on a separate chip or set of chips.
  • part or all of RF transceiver circuitry QQ122 and baseband processing circuitry QQ124 may be on the same chip or set of chips, and application processing circuitry QQ126 may be on a separate chip or set of chips.
  • part or all of RF transceiver circuitry QQ122, baseband processing circuitry QQ124, and application processing circuitry QQ126 may be combined in the same chip or set of chips.
  • RF transceiver circuitry QQ122 may be a part of interface QQ114.
  • RF transceiver circuitry QQ122 may condition RF signals for processing circuitry QQ120.
  • processing circuitry QQ120 executing instructions stored on device readable medium QQ130, which in certain embodiments may be a computer-readable storage medium.
  • some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry QQ120 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner.
  • processing circuitry QQ120 can be configured to perform the described functionality.
  • the benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry QQ120 alone or to other components of WD QQ110, but are enjoyed by WD QQ110 as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.
  • Processing circuitry QQ120 may be configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations, as performed by processing circuitry QQ120, may include processing information obtained by processing circuitry QQ120 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored by WD QQ110, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • processing information obtained by processing circuitry QQ120 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored by WD QQ110, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • Device readable medium QQ130 may be operable to store a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry QQ120.
  • Device readable medium QQ130 may include computer memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM) ) , mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk) , removable storage media (e.g., a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry QQ120.
  • processing circuitry QQ120 and device readable medium QQ130 may be considered to be integrated.
  • User interface equipment QQ132 may provide components that allow for a human user to interact with WD QQ110. Such interaction may be of many forms, such as visual, audial, tactile, etc. User interface equipment QQ132 may be operable to produce output to the user and to allow the user to provide input to WD QQ110. The type of interaction may vary depending on the type of user interface equipment QQ132 installed in WD QQ110. For example, if WD QQ110 is a smart phone, the interaction may be via a touch screen; if WD QQ110 is a smart meter, the interaction may be through a screen that provides usage (e.g., the number of gallons used) or a speaker that provides an audible alert (e.g., if smoke is detected) .
  • usage e.g., the number of gallons used
  • a speaker that provides an audible alert
  • User interface equipment QQ132 may include input interfaces, devices and circuits, and output interfaces, devices and circuits. User interface equipment QQ132 is configured to allow input of information into WD QQ110, and is connected to processing circuitry QQ120 to allow processing circuitry QQ120 to process the input information. User interface equipment QQ132 may include, for example, a microphone, a proximity or other sensor, keys/buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. User interface equipment QQ132 is also configured to allow output of information from WD QQ110, and to allow processing circuitry QQ120 to output information from WD QQ110.
  • User interface equipment QQ132 may include, for example, a speaker, a display, vibrating circuitry, a USB port, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry. Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices, and circuits, of user interface equipment QQ132, WD QQ110 may communicate with end users and/or the wireless network, and allow them to benefit from the functionality described herein.
  • Auxiliary equipment QQ134 is operable to provide more specific functionality which may not be generally performed by WDs. This may comprise specialized sensors for doing measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communication such as wired communications etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliary equipment QQ134 may vary depending on the embodiment and/or scenario.
  • Power source QQ136 may, in some embodiments, be in the form of a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic devices or power cells, may also be used.
  • WD QQ110 may further comprise power circuitry QQ137 for delivering power from power source QQ136 to the various parts of WD QQ110 which need power from power source QQ136 to carry out any functionality described or indicated herein.
  • Power circuitry QQ137 may in certain embodiments comprise power management circuitry.
  • Power circuitry QQ137 may additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power from an external power source; in which case WD QQ110 may be connectable to the external power source (such as an electricity outlet) via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power circuitry QQ137 may also in certain embodiments be operable to deliver power from an external power source to power source QQ136. This may be, for example, for the charging of power source QQ136. Power circuitry QQ137 may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from power source QQ136 to make the power suitable for the respective components ofWD QQ110 to which power is supplied.
  • Figure 15 illustrates a user Equipment in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 15 illustrates one embodiment of a UE in accordance with various aspects described herein.
  • a user equipment or UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/or operates the relevant device.
  • a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) .
  • a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
  • UE QQ2200 may be any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a NB-IoT UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
  • UE QQ200 is one example of a WD configured for communication in accordance with one or more communication standards promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , such as 3GPP's GSM, UMTS, LTE, and/or 5G standards.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • UE QQ200 includes processing circuitry QQ201 that is operatively coupled to input/output interface QQ205, radio frequency (RF) interface QQ209, network connection interface QQ211, memory QQ215 including random access memory (RAM) QQ217, read-only memory (ROM) QQ219, and storage medium QQ221 or the like, communication subsystem QQ231, power source QQ233, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof.
  • Storage medium QQ221 includes operating system QQ223, application program QQ225, and data QQ227. In other embodiments, storage medium QQ221 may include other similar types of information. Certain UEs may utilize all of the components shown in Figure 14, or only a subset of the components. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
  • processing circuitry QQ201 may be configured to process computer instructions and data.
  • Processing circuitry QQ201 may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute machine instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory, such as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored program, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above.
  • the processing circuitry QQ201 may include two central processing units (CPUs) . Data may be information in a form suitable for use by a computer.
  • input/output interface QQ205 may be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, output device, or input and output device.
  • UE QQ200 may be configured to use an output device via input/output interface QQ205.
  • An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device.
  • a USB port may be used to provide input to and output from UE QQ200.
  • the output device may be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof.
  • UE QQ200 may be configured to use an input device via input/output interface QQ205 to allow a user to capture information into UE QQ200.
  • the input device may include a touch-sensitive or presence- sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like.
  • the presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user.
  • a sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another like sensor, or any combination thereof.
  • the input device may be an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and an optical sensor.
  • RF interface QQ209 may be configured to provide a communication interface to RF components such as a transmitter, a receiver, and an antenna.
  • Network connection interface QQ211 may be configured to provide a communication interface to network QQ243a.
  • Network QQ243a may encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN) , a wide-area network (WAN) , a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof.
  • network QQ243a may comprise a Wi-Fi network.
  • Network connection interface QQ211 may be configured to include a receiver and a transmitter interface used to communicate with one or more other devices over a communication network according to one or more communication protocols, such as Ethernet, TCP/IP, SONET, ATM, or the like.
  • Network connection interface QQ211 may implement receiver and transmitter functionality appropriate to the communication network links (e.g., optical, electrical, and the like) .
  • the transmitter and receiver functions may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately.
  • RAM QQ217 may be configured to interface via bus QQ202 to processing circuitry QQ201 to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during the execution of software programs such as the operating system, application programs, and device drivers.
  • ROM QQ219 may be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuitry QQ201.
  • ROM QQ219 may be configured to store invariant low-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basic input and output (I/O) , startup, or reception of keystrokes from a keyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory.
  • Storage medium QQ221 may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, or flash drives.
  • storage medium QQ221 may be configured to include operating system QQ223, application program QQ225 such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine or another application, and data file QQ227.
  • Storage medium QQ221 may store, for use by UE QQ200, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
  • Storage medium QQ221 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , floppy disk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity (SIM/RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof.
  • RAID redundant array of independent disks
  • HD-DVD high-density digital versatile disc
  • HDDS holographic digital data storage
  • DIMM external mini-dual in-line memory module
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • SIM/RUIM removable user identity
  • Storage medium QQ221 may allow UE QQ200 to access computer-executable instructions, application programs or the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data.
  • An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied in storage medium QQ221, which may comprise a device readable medium.
  • processing circuitry QQ201 may be configured to communicate with network QQ243b using communication subsystem QQ231.
  • Network QQ243a and network QQ243b may be the same network or networks or different network or networks.
  • Communication subsystem QQ231 may be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with network QQ243b.
  • communication subsystem QQ231 may be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication such as another WD, UE, or base station of a radio access network (RAN) according to one or more communication protocols, such as IEEE 802.11, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, or the like.
  • RAN radio access network
  • Each transceiver may include transmitter QQ233 and/or receiver QQ235 to implement transmitter or receiver functionality, respectively, appropriate to the RAN links (e.g., frequency allocations and the like) . Further, transmitter QQ233 and receiver QQ235 of each transceiver may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately.
  • the communication functions of communication subsystem QQ231 may include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof.
  • communication subsystem QQ231 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPS communication.
  • Network QQ243b may encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN) , a wide-area network (WAN) , a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof.
  • network QQ243b may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a near-field network.
  • Power source QQ213 may be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of UE QQ200.
  • communication subsystem QQ231 may be configured to include any of the components described herein.
  • processing circuitry QQ201 may be configured to communicate with any of such components over bus QQ202.
  • any of such components may be represented by program instructions stored in memory that when executed by processing circuitry QQ201 perform the corresponding functions described herein.
  • the functionality of any of such components may be partitioned between processing circuitry QQ201 and communication subsystem QQ231.
  • the non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and the computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
  • Figure 16 illustrates a virtualization environment in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG 16 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment QQ300 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.
  • virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources.
  • virtualization can be applied to a node (e.g., a virtualized base station or a virtualized radio access node) or to a device (e.g., a UE, a wireless device or any other type of communication device) or components thereof and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components (e.g., via one or more applications, components, functions, virtual machines or containers executing on one or more physical processing nodes in one or more networks) .
  • some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments QQ300 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes QQ330. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node) , then the network node may be entirely virtualized.
  • the functions may be implemented by one or more applications QQ320 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) operative to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • Applications QQ320 are run in virtualization environment QQ300 which provides hardware QQ330 comprising processing circuitry QQ360 and memory QQ390.
  • Memory QQ390 contains instructions QQ395 executable by processing circuitry QQ360 whereby application QQ320 is operative to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and/or functions disclosed herein.
  • Virtualization environment QQ300 comprises general-purpose or special-purpose network hardware devices QQ330 comprising a set of one or more processors or processing circuitry QQ360, which may be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) , or any other type of processing circuitry including digital or analog hardware components or special purpose processors.
  • Each hardware device may comprise memory QQ390-1 which may be non-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions QQ395 or software executed by processing circuitry QQ360.
  • Each hardware device may comprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs) QQ370, also known as network interface cards, which include physical network interface QQ380.
  • NICs network interface controllers
  • Each hardware device may also include non-transitory, persistent, machine-readable storage media QQ390-2 having stored therein software QQ395 and/or instructions executable by processing circuitry QQ360.
  • Software QQ395 may include any type of software including software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers QQ350 (also referred to as hypervisors) , software to execute virtual machines QQ340 as well as software allowing it to execute functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein.
  • Virtual machines QQ340 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer QQ350 or hypervisor. Different embodiments of the instance of virtual appliance QQ320 may be implemented on one or more of virtual machines QQ340, and the implementations may be made in different ways.
  • processing circuitry QQ360 executes software QQ395 to instantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer QQ350, which may sometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) .
  • Virtualization layer QQ350 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to virtual machine QQ340.
  • hardware QQ330 may be a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware QQ330 may comprise antenna QQ3225 and may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware QQ330 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or customer premise equipment (CPE) ) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration (MANO) QQ3100, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications QQ320.
  • CPE customer premise equipment
  • NFV network function virtualization
  • NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
  • virtual machine QQ340 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine.
  • Each of virtual machines QQ340, and that part of hardware QQ330 that executes that virtual machine be it hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and/or hardware shared by that virtual machine with others of the virtual machines QQ340, forms a separate virtual network elements (VNE) .
  • VNE virtual network elements
  • VNF Virtual Network Function
  • one or more radio units QQ3200 that each include one or more transmitters QQ3220 and one or more receivers QQ3210 may be coupled to one or more antennas QQ3225.
  • Radio units QQ3200 may communicate directly with hardware nodes QQ330 via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station.
  • control system QQ3230 which may alternatively be used for communication between the hardware nodes QQ330 and radio units QQ3200.
  • Figure 17 illustrates a telecommunication network connected via an intermediate network to a host computer in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a communication system includes telecommunication network QQ410, such as a 3GPP-type cellular network, which comprises access network QQ411, such as a radio access network, and core network QQ414.
  • Access network QQ411 comprises a plurality of base stations QQ412a, QQ412b, QQ412c, such as NBs, eNBs, gNBs or other types of wireless access points, each defining a corresponding coverage area QQ413a, QQ413b, QQ413 c.
  • Each base station QQ412a, QQ412b, QQ412c is connectable to core network QQ414 over a wired or wireless connection QQ415.
  • a first UE QQ491 located in coverage area QQ413c is configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, the corresponding base station QQ412c.
  • a second UE QQ492 in coverage area QQ413a is wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station QQ412a. While a plurality ofUEs QQ491, QQ492 are illustrated in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a sole UE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to the corresponding base station QQ412.
  • Telecommunication network QQ410 is itself connected to host computer QQ430, which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server or as processing resources in a server farm.
  • Host computer QQ430 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider, or may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider.
  • Connections QQ421 and QQ422 between telecommunication network QQ410 and host computer QQ430 may extend directly from core network QQ414 to host computer QQ430 or may go via an optional intermediate network QQ420.
  • Intermediate network QQ420 may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private or hosted network; intermediate network QQ420, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, intermediate network QQ420 may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown) .
  • the communication system of Figure 17 as a whole enables connectivity between the connected UEs QQ491, QQ492 and host computer QQ430.
  • the connectivity may be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection QQ450.
  • Host computer QQ430 and the connected UEs QQ491, QQ492 are configured to communicate data and/or signaling via OTT connection QQ450, using access network QQ411, core network QQ414, any intermediate network QQ420 and possible further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries.
  • OTT connection QQ450 may be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices through which OTT connection QQ450 passes are unaware of routing ofuplink and downlink communications.
  • base station QQ412 may not or need not be informed about the past routing of an incoming downlink communication with data originating from host computer QQ430 to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE QQ491.
  • base station QQ412 need not be aware of the future routing of an outgoing uplink communication originating from the UE QQ491 towards the host computer QQ430.
  • Figure 18 illustrates a host computer communicating via a base station with a user equipment over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.
  • host computer QQ510 comprises hardware QQ515 including communication interface QQ516 configured to set up and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system QQ500.
  • Host computer QQ510 further comprises processing circuitry QQ518, which may have storage and/or processing capabilities.
  • processing circuitry QQ518 may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions.
  • Host computer QQ510 further comprises software QQ511, which is stored in or accessible by host computer QQ510 and executable by processing circuitry QQ518.
  • Software QQ511 includes host application QQ512.
  • Host application QQ512 may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as UE QQ530 connecting via OTT connection QQ550 terminating at UE QQ530 and host computer QQ510. In providing the service to the remote user, host application QQ512 may provide user data which is transmitted using OTT connection QQ550.
  • Communication system QQ500 further includes base station QQ520 provided in a telecommunication system and comprising hardware QQ525 enabling it to communicate with host computer QQ510 and with UE QQ530.
  • Hardware QQ525 may include communication interface QQ526 for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system QQ500, as well as radio interface QQ527 for setting up and maintaining at least wireless connection QQ570 with UE QQ530 located in a coverage area (not shown in Figure 18) served by base station QQ520.
  • Communication interface QQ526 may be configured to facilitate connection QQ560 to host computer QQ510.
  • Connection QQ560 may be direct or it may pass through a core network (not shown in Figure 18) of the telecommunication system and/or through one or more intermediate networks outside the telecommunication system.
  • hardware QQ525 of base station QQ520 further includes processing circuitry QQ528, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions.
  • Base station QQ520 further has software QQ521 stored internally or accessible via an external connection.
  • Communication system QQ500 further includes UE QQ530 already referred to.
  • Its hardware QQ535 may include radio interface QQ537 configured to set up and maintain wireless connection QQ570 with a base station serving a coverage area in which UE QQ530 is currently located.
  • Hardware QQ535 of UE QQ530 further includes processing circuitry QQ538, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions.
  • UE QQ530 further comprises software QQ531, which is stored in or accessible by UE QQ530 and executable by processing circuitry QQ538.
  • Software QQ531 includes client application QQ532.
  • Client application QQ532 may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE QQ530, with the support of host computer QQ510.
  • an executing host application QQ512 may communicate with the executing client application QQ532 via OTT connection QQ550 terminating at UE QQ530 and host computer QQ510.
  • client application QQ532 may receive request data from host application QQ512 and provide user data in response to the request data.
  • OTT connection QQ550 may transfer both the request data and the user data.
  • Client application QQ532 may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides.
  • host computer QQ510, base station QQ520 and UE QQ530 illustrated in Figure 18 may be similar or identical to host computer QQ430, one of base stations QQ412a, QQ412b, QQ412c and one ofUEs QQ491, QQ492 of Figure 17, respectively.
  • the inner workings of these entities may be as shown in Figure 18 and independently, the surrounding network topology may be that of Figure 17.
  • OTT connection QQ550 has been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between host computer QQ510 and UE QQ530 via base station QQ520, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
  • Network infrastructure may determine the routing, which it may be configured to hide from UE QQ530 or from the service provider operating host computer QQ510, or both. While OTT connection QQ550 is active, the network infrastructure may further take decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing (e.g., on the basis of load balancing consideration or reconfiguration of the network) .
  • Wireless connection QQ570 between UE QQ530 and base station QQ520 is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • One or more of the various embodiments may improve the performance of OTT services provided to UE QQ530 using OTT connection QQ550, in which wireless connection QQ570 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the random access speed and/or reduce random access failure rates and thereby provide benefits such as faster and/or more reliable random access.
  • a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve.
  • the measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection QQ550 may be implemented in software QQ511 and hardware QQ515 of host computer QQ510 or in software QQ531 and hardware QQ535 ofUE QQ530, or both.
  • sensors may be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which OTT connection QQ550 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software QQ511, QQ531 may compute or estimate the monitored quantities.
  • the reconfiguring of OTT connection QQ550 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect base station QQ520, and it may be unknown or imperceptible to base station QQ520. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art.
  • measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating host computer QQ510's measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like. The measurements may be implemented in that software QQ511 and QQ531 causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy' messages, using OTT connection QQ550 while it monitors propagation times, errors etc.
  • Figure 19 illustrates methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 17 and 18. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 19 will be included in this section.
  • the host computer provides user data.
  • substep QQ611 (which may be optional) of step QQ610, the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application.
  • step QQ620 the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE.
  • step QQ630 the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • step QQ640 the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.
  • Figure 20 illustrates methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG 20 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 17 and 18. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 20 will be included in this section.
  • the host computer provides user data.
  • the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application.
  • the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may pass via the base station, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • step QQ730 (which may be optional) , the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.
  • Figure 21 illustrates methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG 21 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 16 and 17. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 21 will be included in this section.
  • step QQ810 the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step QQ820, the UE provides user data.
  • substep QQ821 (which may be optional) of step QQ820, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application.
  • substep QQ811 (which may be optional) of step QQ810, the UE executes a client application which provides the user data in reaction to the received input data provided by the host computer.
  • the executed client application may further consider user input received from the user.
  • the UE initiates, in substep QQ830 (which may be optional) , transmission of the user data to the host computer.
  • step QQ840 of the method the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • Figure 22 illustrates methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG 22 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 16 and 17. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 22 will be included in this section.
  • the base station receives user data from the UE.
  • the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer.
  • step QQ930 (which may be optional) , the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.
  • any appropriate steps, methods, features, functions, or benefits disclosed herein may be performed through one or more functional units or modules of one or more virtual apparatuses.
  • Each virtual apparatus may comprise a number of these functional units.
  • These functional units may be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs) , special-purpose digital logic, and the like.
  • the processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM) , random-access memory (RAM) , cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc.
  • Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein.
  • the processing circuitry may be used to cause the respective functional unit to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.
  • the terms ′′comprise′′ , ′′comprising′′ , ′′comprises′′ , ′′include′′ , ′′including′′ , ′′includes′′ , ′′have′′ , ′′has′′ , ′′having′′ , or variants thereof are open-ended, and include one or more stated features, integers, elements, steps, components or functions but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, elements, steps, components, functions or groups thereof.
  • Example embodiments are described herein with reference to block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations of computer-implemented methods, apparatus (systems and/or devices) and/or computer program products. It is understood that a block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions that are performed by one or more computer circuits.
  • These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor circuit of a general purpose computer circuit, special purpose computer circuit, and/or other programmable data processing circuit to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus, transform and control transistors, values stored in memory locations, and other hardware components within such circuitry to implement the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks, and thereby create means (functionality) and/or structure for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block (s) .
  • inventions of present inventive concepts may be embodied in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc. ) that runs on a processor such as a digital signal processor, which may collectively be referred to as ′′circuitry, ′′ ′′a module′′ or variants thereof.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé consistant à former un groupe d'équipements utilisateurs (UE) pour une opération à entrées multiples et sorties multiples (MIMO) de liaison montante (UL) multiutilisateur (MU). Le procédé peut consister à estimer un premier débit de cellule d'un groupe MIMO MU UL qui comprend un premier UE et un second UE dans le groupe MIMO MU UL. Le procédé peut en outre consister à estimer un premier débit de cellule d'un groupe MIMO MU UL comportant un premier UE et un second UE dans le groupe MIMO MU UL. Le procédé peut également consister à déterminer si le second débit de cellule est inférieur au premier débit de cellule. Le procédé peut en outre consister à réagir au second débit de cellule qui est inférieur au premier débit de cellule, ce qui permet au second UE d'être dans le groupe MIMO MU UL.
PCT/CN2019/105406 2019-09-11 2019-09-11 Configuration dmrs ul pour mimo mu WO2021046761A1 (fr)

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CN101741446A (zh) * 2008-11-14 2010-06-16 中兴通讯股份有限公司 多输入多输出方法和装置
WO2014100979A1 (fr) * 2012-12-25 2014-07-03 华为技术有限公司 Procédé de transmission de données et station de base
US20150195842A1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2015-07-09 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Methods and Nodes for Multiple User MIMO Scheduling
CN106685494A (zh) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-17 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 一种mu‑mimo系统中的分组调度方法和装置

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CN101741446A (zh) * 2008-11-14 2010-06-16 中兴通讯股份有限公司 多输入多输出方法和装置
US20150195842A1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2015-07-09 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Methods and Nodes for Multiple User MIMO Scheduling
WO2014100979A1 (fr) * 2012-12-25 2014-07-03 华为技术有限公司 Procédé de transmission de données et station de base
CN106685494A (zh) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-17 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 一种mu‑mimo系统中的分组调度方法和装置

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