WO2021046620A1

WO2021046620A1 - Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles

Info

Publication number: WO2021046620A1
Application number: PCT/BA2020/000006
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kamber Zekerija; Arnes MUSLIMOVIĆ
Original assignee: SALIHOVIĆ, Asmir
Priority date: 2019-09-11
Filing date: 2020-09-11
Publication date: 2021-03-18

Abstract

Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant; particles is a combination of a circulating negative - ionic assembly and an electrostatic separational self - cleaning unit. The main components of a circulating negative ionic assembly are a negatively electrified electrode (1) separated by a distancer (3) from the positively electrified electrode (4). Caused by metal pointy elements (2) a large number of negative ions that electrify the particle matter in pollutant gas is being generated in this electric field. Direction of movement of the pollutant gas through this filter is vertically downwards, and after passing through the negative - ionic assembly negatively electrified particle matter reaches the electrostatic separational unit. One subassembly of this unit is made up of positively electrified separational tubular electrode (9) on which the particle matter is precipitated and which has the effect of self- cleaning if affected by forced vibrations, with the help of installed pressure springs (11) and suppressive carrier (14). The other subassembly of this unit is made up of suppressive negative tubular electrode (18) which, due to the strong electric field, is forced to point the polarized particle matter towards the positive separational electrode (9). The entire assembly is placed into the core (28) that provides the necessary velocity field in the entire filter system. Extricated particle matter can be cleaned easily and quickly from the separational container (22).

Description

VARIABLE ELECTROSTATIC FILTER OF POLLUTANT PARTICLES

1. TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention refers to variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles intended for filtering components of pollutant gas from various sources, classified as B03C 3/00 according to the international classification (IPC).

2. TECHNICAL PROBLEM

Typical consequence of burning fuels in motors with internal combustion is occurrence of various particle and gas products. The main gas products of the burning are chemical compounds of carbon, water vapor, and a certain amount of unburned hydrocarbon. Since ambient air contains 79% of nitrogen, at high temperatures it leads to intensive junctures of nitrogen and oxygen, that is, dangerous nitrogen oxids are created, Products of the burning that appear in the motor with internal combustion, except for water vapor are poisonous and ecologically unacceptable. Current technics has a wide spectrum of devices for filtering pollutant and other gases released by mobile and immobile pollutant sources. Based on the various usages and technical requirements filter devices can be of larger or smaller dimensions and different technically - processing characteristics. The usage of only chemical or only electrostatic filter is not efficient enough for complete filtering of gas and particle matter, therefore, different combinations of filters are often used in practice. Chemical filters have different processing characteristics depending on the state and type of pollutant gas. The filters manly lose their efficiency over time so it is necessary to change them periodically. Electrostatic filters, on the oher hand, can have a relatively long shelf life with mandatory periodical cleaning. The deposits of dirt on electrostatic plates decrease the efficiency of the removal of particle mater. Apart from the already mentioned it is necessary to provide the appropriate speed of the movement of particles between the electrostatic plates in order to carry through the electrostatic process of collecting successfully. A high percentage of particles of different dimensions inside the pollutant gas go through the electrostatic filter without any physical interaction with the electrostatic plates. This occurrence is especially noticeable during the faster flow of gas which needs to be filtered. The removal of one part of the harmful gas components from the exhaust gas of the motor with internal combustion is mainly done through the process of catalytic conversion. Catalytic conversion refers to molecular transformation of the harmful monoxides to the less harmful dioxides and is done inside the catalyst. The catalyst doesn't have the ability of retaining and removing the particles from the pollutant gas. On the other hand, installing any kind of mechanical or chemical particle filter onto the exhaustion pipe of a motor vehicle has a direct impact on the return pressure of the gases towards the motor cylinders and the decrease of the process of rinsing the cylinder. 3. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Ecological norms and standards related to the level of air pollution are getting stricter in recent years which had a direct impact to the technical - technological interventions on the motor with internal combustion and made them a lot more demanding. The allowed limits of the harmful components in the exhaust gases of motors are getting lower and require a very precise and fast regulation of the ratio of the fuel and air and high quality fuel with the least possible content of sulphur. As a result of aforementioned, there was an introduction of a number of technical advancements and innovations which treat the process of burning the fuel itself and releasing of the pollutant gas into the environment For example, technical solutions such as the returning of the burned product back to the cylinder, known as EGR system have been installed. On the other hand, interventions on the construction of the motor almost drained the possibilities of reaching the required limitations of harmful matters. That led to a need for installing additional devices for subsequent processing of exhaust gases such as catalysts and particle filters. Technical landmark that set strict standards and initiated the introduction of SCR technology for the first time is the introduction of Euro 4 norm. It is a relatively simple solution that requires the exhaust system to be injected with the urea solution, commonly known as Adblue liquid. Under the effect of this solution the ammonia is linked with nitrogen oxides creating the less harmful nitrogen and water vapor. From technical aspect, this kind of solution requires the installment of art additional container for Adblue liquid which also needs to be refilled as well as installment of a special SCR catalyst From the financial side, the consumption of Ad blue addition is 5% of the consumption of fuel which represents additional expenses to the owners of the motor vehicles with this system installed. Some manufacturers have decided to combine EGR and SCR systems in order to achieve Euro 6 norm considering the possibility of achieving low amount of harmful components in the exhaust system of the vehicle. The use of EGR system decreases the amount of Nox, but this system requires the installment of SCR catalyst in order for the Nox to be completely eliminated, consequently increasing the price of motor vehicles even more. The filter system of pollutant gas is mainly made up of mechanical, chemical, and electrostatic filter. Therefore, in the assembly of chemical filter we might find the units of zeolite, active charcoal, or some other chemical reactant. In practice, several different types of filters are often combined into one complex filter system since every filter has a task to clean a certain percent of particle and gas matter of pollutant gas. Process efficiency of a filter device depends on the type of installed filter units as well as on the exploitation conditions and the way of usage of filter system.

4 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The primary goal of the invention is to provide the seclusion of micro particles from pollutant gas by using the system made up of negative tonic and electrostatic separational compound. The core of the variable electrostatic filter for pollutant particles is installed onto the exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle. The pollutant gas enters the suction pipe of the core and moves upwards vertically. Sudden increase of a transverse cut inside the core decreases the speed of pollutant gas enabling the increase of efficiency of the electrostatic - separational assembly. Before entering into the electrostatic - seperational assembly the pollutant gas goes through negative ionic compound in which a stream of negative ions is generated between the two profiled electrodes, a positive one, and a negative one. Negatively profiled electrode with spikes establishes an electrostatic reaction with the positively profiled electrode. Since the voltage on the ends of these electrodes is really high and the interval between the electrodes is of relatively low value a millionic production of negative ions happens, Positively profiled electrode attracts and passes negative ions through which then enter electrostatic - sepearational assembly. Gas and particle matter moves vertically downwards. The physical interaction of negative ions with microparticles inside the pollutant gas leads to their negative electrification. These electrified microparticles enter the strong electrical field in electrostatic ~ separational assembly. Positive and negative electrodes inside electrostatic - separational assembly are placed vertically, concentrically in relation to the main longitudinal orbit of Its assembly. Each negative vertical electrode is between two positive electrodes. Upon the entrance of negatively electrified microparticle into the aforementioned concentrically space negative electrode continuously pushes negatively electrified towards a positively electrified electrode, Since the pollutant gas is moving vertically downwards an additional relative movement of particle matter occurs in relation to. the gas matter. In tills way a huge number of microparticles extricated from the pollutant gas and left on the positive electrode. The secondary goal of the invention is to remove the microparticle from the positive electrostatic panels in order to preserve their efficiency throughout the process of exploitation of this filter assembly. In that sense vertical positive electrodes are leaning firmly onto the pressure springs through a mutually profiled connector. The effect of vertical vibrations caused by the movement of a motor vehicle or vibrations generated in a different way, the positive electrode hits the immobile core from time to time, therefore, removing the particles from the positive electrodes through the use of inertial force. The removed particles tall onto the profiled collector on the bottom of the filter assembly, from where they can, periodically and if needed, be removed manually or in some other way. By installing the appropriate sensors, such as the sensor of differential pressure, it is possible to get the information about the need for cleaning the extracted particle matter. It is possible to install this filter system oil the exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle, mainly behind the catalyst convertor. Further goal of this fnding is to create a possibility of combining several negative ionic and electrostatic - separational assembly, with different input voltages, geometrical sizes and electrode shapes in order to increase the efficiency and technical performance of this kind of filter system to the maximum under the present conditions. Apart from the aforementioned, the described invention can be used in combination with the existing filter systems as well as catalyst devices with the purpose of increasing their efficiency and shelf life.

5. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a developed spatial appearance of circulating negative - ionic assembly in line with the described invention. Figure 2 is a detail of a negative plate of circulating negative - ionic assembly in line with the described invention.

Figure 3 is a spatial appearance of circulating negative - ionic assembly in line with the described invention.

Figure 4 is a developed spatial appearance of a positive electrostatic separations self- cleaning unit in line with the described invention.

Figure 5 is a draft of a electrostatic separations self-cleaning unit assembly in line with the described invention.

Figure 6 is a a developed spatial appearance of electrostatic repressive unit in line with the described invention.

Figure 7 is a spatial appearance of four central assemblies of variable electrostatic self - cleaning filter in line with the described invention.

Figure 8 is a developed spatial appearance of a complete variable electrostatic self-cleaning filter assembly in line with the described invention.

Figure 9 is a developed spatial appearance of a complete variable electrostatic self-cleaning filter assembly with the core in line with the described invention.

6, DESCRIPTION OP THE INVENTION

Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles represents a combination of a circulating negative-ionic assembly and electrostatic self-cleaning unit. Variable· electrostatic filter of pollutant particles is made up of negatively electrified profited electrode (i) inside of which there are firmly connected pointy metal elements (2). Negatively electrified profiled electrode (1) is separated from the positively electrified profiled electrode (4) with a distancer (3), Both electrodes and the distancer (3) are placed inside the non -metal core (5) inside of which an electrical connector (6)for the negative electrode (1) as well as an electrical connector (7) for the positive electrode (4) are installed. Establishing high voltage between the negatively electrified metal elements (2) and positively electrified electrode (4) generates a large number of negative ions which directly polarize the particle matter inside the pollutant gas negatively. The flow course of the pollutant gas and polarized particle matter is vertically downwards, towards the concentrically put separational tubular electrodes (9). Vertical movement of the separational tubular electrodes (9) is disabled with the usage of a sealing ring (8). Separational tubular electrodes (9) are leaning onto the profiled carrier (12) with their bottom part, and the profiled carrier is leaning onto the pressure springs (11) with its bottom part and fixates them with the help of spring supporters (13). Pressure springs (11) are placed and fixated inside the non-metal core (10). Positive electric potential is led to separational electrodes (9) through an electric connector (15). Suppressive negative tubular electrodes (18) are placed concentrically and alternately between the separational tubular electrodes (9) and through the profiled carrier(19) they are firmly attached to the non-metal core (17) Negative electric potential is led to the suppresive tubular electrodes ( 18) through an electric connector (20). With the movement of negatively polarized particle matter through the separational assembly, suppresive negative tubular electrodes ( 18) are pointing the polarized particle matter towards the positive separational tubular electrodes (9). After the alternate accumulation of the particle matter on the positive separational tubular electrodes (9) through the effect of inertial and vibrational forces on the entire system the profiled carrier (12) has a percussive effect on the suppresive carrier (14). Through the established inertial interaction of the profiled carrier (12) and the suppressive carrier (14) the accumulated microparticle matter on the separational tubular electrodes (9) separates and falls into the particle collector(23). After the accumulation of the particle matter in the particle collector (23) which is firmly set into the separational container (22) the particle matter can be manually or automatically removed from the entire core (28), After the pollutant gas enters through the ntrance pipe (26) and goes through the entire core (28), the cleaned gas goes out of the electrostatic filtering assembly through the output pipe (27), The whole firmly detachable connection of variable electrostatic filter is made through the usage of a screw(24) and nuts (25), 7. APPLICATION METHODS

Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles is intended for filtering microparticles inside the exhaust systems of motors with the internal combustion as well as other motors which release the particle matter into the environment. This device is simply installed onto the exhaust pipe, inside the existing exhaust system, behind the catalyst of the motor vehicle in the direction of the pollutant gas flow. The assembly and dismantling of this filtering system is simple and quick. The experts from this field will find it obvious that multiple alterations and changes of the variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles could be made, and according to this invention, without the desertion of the volume and the essence of the invention.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles, characterized in that, that is made up of main and additional circulating negati ve -ionic assemblies and electrostatic- separational self-cleaning units which are firmly detachable and set into the basic central core which is installed onto the exhaust pipe with a pollutant gas flow inside

2. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the clam 1 , characterized in that , that the circulating negative - ionic assembly is put in front of the electrostatic separational unit in the direction of the pollutant gas flow.

3. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, the number of combinations of circulating negative - ionic assemblies and electrostatic -separational seif - cleaning units can be different in horizontal and vertical plane.

4. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 1 , 2, and 3, characterized in that, the pollutant gas flow through the circulating negative - ionic assemblies and electrostatic - separational self-cleaning units occurs in the vertically downward direction.

5. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 1 , characterized in that, negative - ionic assembly is made up of negatively electrified profiled electrode a distancer, and positively electrified profiled electrode placed together into a non - metal core.

6. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 5, characterized in that, negatively and positively electrified profiled electrodes can be made up of different materials, different shapes and dimensions and can occur as single - part or multipart units.

7. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according with the claim 5, characterized in that, the distances between the negatively and positively profiled electrodes can have fixed dimensions or changeable dimensions and shape.

8. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according with the claim 7, characterized in that, the changeable distancer can increase or decrease the interval between the positive and negative electrode through the effect of an external force or a moment and as a part of automatic regulation of generating the number of negative ions.

9. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according with the claims 5 and 6, characterized in that, the voltage between the positive and negative electrode is made up with an external high-voltage unit and it can vary, as a part of automatic regulation of generating the number of negative ions.

10. Variable electrostatic filter according to the claim 5, characterized in that, non - metal core can be of different shapes and dimensions and can occur as a single - part or a multipart item.

11. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according with the claim 1 , characterized in that, electrostatic - separational self- cleaning unit is made up of profiled positively electrified separational electrodes, spring assembly, negatively electrified suppressed electrodes and profiled core.

12. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles, according to the claim 11, characterized in that positively electrified separational electrode is made up of several vertical metal surfaces which are firmly connected into one whole and are non- detachable.

13. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 11 and 12. characterized in that, vertical metal surfaces of positively electrified separational electrode can be made up of any material, come in different shapes and profiles and can be placed concentrically, symmetrically, and asymmetrically in relation with the longitudinal orbit of the separational electrode.

14. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 11, 12, and

13, characterised in that, positively electrified separational electrode is in direct contact with the spring assembly and it can move freely in a limited vertical direction.

15. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 11 and 14, characterized in that, spring assembly can be made up different springs and this system can be an electromagnetic one which may be activated manually or automatically, if needed.

16. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 11 to 15, characterized lit that, the collected particle matter on the positively electrified separational electrode can be removed with a vertical strike of positively electrified electrode to the profiled core as long as the strike is caused by an external stimulating force,

17. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 11, characterized in that, negatively electrified suppressive electrodes are firmly and inseparably placed into a non-metal profiled carrier and along with it they make a whole than can not be detached.

18. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 11 and 17, characterized in that, negative electrified suppressive electrodes are put alternately between the positively electrified separational electrodes with which they have no direct contact.

19. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 11, characterized in that, the high voltage between the suppressive and separational electrodes can be constant or automatically variable depending on the changes of working parameters inside the electrostatic ~ separational self- cleaning unit,

20. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 16, characterized in that, the removed particle matter from the separational electrode is collected in a profiled container placed under the electrostatic - separational self - cleaning unit.

21. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 20, characterized in that, profiled container for collecting particle matter can be replaced and cleaned occasionally and i can appear in various dimensions and shapes.

22. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 20 and 21, characterized in that electrostatic elements with special external electric charging can be installed inside a separational container.

23. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 22, characterized in that, electrostatic dements can appear in different shapes and dimensions, be of different porous absorptive ability and have different chemical characteristics.

24. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 1, characterized in that, the basic metal core which is installed onto the exhaust pipe can be of different dimensions and shapes, made up as a single - part or a multipart product, and made up of various materials.

25. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 1 and 24, characterized in that, the position of the input and output opening of the basic metal core can be different, tinder different angles, and the number of inputs and outputs can be different.

26. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 1, characterized in that, all surfaces of the variable electrostatic filter assemblies can be, in different percentages, covered with a ceramic layer.

27. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 11, 12, and 26, characterized Is that, positively electrified separational electrode can be covered with a thin ceramic layer of different kinds of absorption abilities.

28. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 1, characterized in that, additional circulating negative - ionic assemblies and electrostatic - separational self-cleaning units can be controlled and have a function of a backup treatment of pollutant gases.

29. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 28, characterized in that, backup circulating negative - ionic assemblies and electrostatic

- separational self - cleaning units can be activated by electromagnetic valves or mechanical swivel mechanism with the goal of establishing the appropriate speed of pollutant gases through the electrostatic separational units.

30. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 1 , 28 and 29, characterized in that, backup circulatingnegative-ionic assemblies and electrostatic

- separational self-cleaning units can be made in different shapes and placed inside the metal core in different positions.

31. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claims 1 , 28, 29, and 30, characterized m that, backup electrostatic separational self - cleaning units can be made as an assembly of a positively electrified electrode shaped as a hollow cylinder and a central negatively electrified electrode.

32. Variable electrostatic filter of pollutant particles according to the claim 31 , characterized in that backup positively electrified electrode shaped as a hollow cylinder can have a limited movement across the central negatively electrified electrode if affected by an external stimulating force.