WO2021043173A1 - 一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置 - Google Patents

一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置 Download PDF

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WO2021043173A1
WO2021043173A1 PCT/CN2020/113059 CN2020113059W WO2021043173A1 WO 2021043173 A1 WO2021043173 A1 WO 2021043173A1 CN 2020113059 W CN2020113059 W CN 2020113059W WO 2021043173 A1 WO2021043173 A1 WO 2021043173A1
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resistance
pair
insulation
level
detection device
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PCT/CN2020/113059
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English (en)
French (fr)
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苏烁
刘建业
秦世好
宋宝
叶宇辉
邵敏
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Priority to US17/629,366 priority Critical patent/US20220252680A1/en
Priority to EP20861092.3A priority patent/EP3988948A4/en
Publication of WO2021043173A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021043173A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/025—Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/202—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices using Hall-effect devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R17/00—Measuring arrangements involving comparison with a reference value, e.g. bridge
    • G01R17/10—AC or DC measuring bridges
    • G01R17/105—AC or DC measuring bridges for measuring impedance or resistance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application include, but are not limited to, the technical field related to high-voltage direct current power supply systems, and specifically include, but are not limited to, a multi-level direct current system distributed insulation detection device.
  • HVDC High-voltage Direct Current
  • IDC Internet Data Center
  • UPS Uninterruptible Power System/Uninterruptible Power Supply
  • the high-voltage DC power supply system adopts floating power supply, and the positive and negative busbars need to ensure a certain insulation strength to the ground. If insulation failure occurs, it may cause serious damage to equipment and personal safety.
  • the traditional insulation monitoring technology based on the balanced bridge theory is only for a single DC system, and does not take into account the parallel connection of multiple insulation detection devices, which can no longer adapt to more and more diverse power supply and distribution systems.
  • the greater the resistance of the balance bridge the greater the offset of the ground voltage, and the higher the sensitivity of insulation detection.
  • the greater the resistance of the balance bridge is, the more likely it is to shift the voltage to ground when the insulation is reduced, which may be caused before the insulation resistance alarm threshold is reached.
  • the protection circuit of the secondary equipment malfunctions.
  • the resistance value of the balance bridge can neither be too small nor too large. It is generally determined by the DC voltage. Therefore, the resistance value of the balance bridge of the insulation detection device in the same DC power supply and distribution system will be of the same magnitude.
  • FIG. 1 A typical application of multi-level DC power distributed power supply and distribution system is shown in Figure 1, including HVDC power supply system, HVDC power distribution system and multi-channel branch output. All levels of systems will have their own insulation detection devices.
  • the theory based on balance bridge and its change is basically used to realize insulation fault detection. Therefore, in practical applications, especially when systems at all levels are provided by different manufacturers, parallel insulation detection devices are bound to occur. Causes the actual balance bridge resistance value to change, resulting in insulation calculation deviations, and even false alarms.
  • the current engineering measures are mostly to directly remove the interference detection devices in the parallel system, but this cannot ensure the comprehensiveness of the insulation detection of the entire distributed DC power supply and distribution system. Based on this, this paper proposes a multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection method and device.
  • An embodiment of the application provides a multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device.
  • the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device includes: an intelligent control module, and a sampling module and a basic insulation combination module connected to the intelligent control module And an intelligent resistance switching network module; the sampling module is used to collect the voltage and/or leakage current data of the multi-level DC system, and pass it to the intelligent control module; the basic insulation combination module is used to detect the The ground insulation fault of the multi-level DC system; the intelligent resistance switching network module is used to adjust the resistance value of the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device; the intelligent control module is used to process the voltage and/or leakage Current data, and control the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module to adjust.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the application architecture of a typical multi-level DC power supply and distribution system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed insulation detection device for a multi-level DC system according to Embodiment 1 of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit topology structure formed by the series connection between the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module provided in the first embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit topology structure formed by the parallel connection between the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module provided in the first embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a typical distributed DC power supply and distribution system according to Embodiment 2 of this application;
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified schematic diagram of a parallel circuit of an insulation detection device with a single DC power supply system with a single power distribution system output provided in the third embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified schematic diagram of a parallel circuit of an insulation detection device with a single DC power supply system with three power distribution system outputs provided in the fourth embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 8 is a simplified schematic diagram of a circuit in which the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device in the fourth embodiment of the application adopts an unbalanced bridge insulation detection method to detect that a double-ended ground fault is in a state;
  • FIG. 9 is a simplified schematic diagram of a circuit in which the distributed insulation detection device for a multi-level DC system in the fourth embodiment of the application uses an unbalanced bridge insulation detection method to detect a double-ended ground fault in the second state;
  • FIG. 10 is a simplified schematic diagram of a circuit in which the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device in the fourth embodiment of the application uses an unbalanced bridge insulation detection method to detect a double-ended ground fault in the third state.
  • This embodiment provides a multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device.
  • the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device includes: an intelligent control module, and is connected to the intelligent control module
  • the sampling module, the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module are used to collect the voltage and/or leakage current data of the multi-level DC system and pass it to the intelligent control module
  • the basic insulation combination module is used to detect the multi-level The ground insulation fault of the DC system
  • the intelligent resistance switching network module is used to adjust the resistance value of the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device
  • the intelligent control module is used to process voltage and/or leakage current data, and control the basic insulation combination module and Intelligent resistance switching network module for adjustment.
  • the sampling module, the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module in the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device are respectively connected to the DC bus of the multi-level DC system in any order.
  • the sampling module, the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module are all connected to the positive and negative lines of the DC bus of the multi-level DC system. It should be noted that in this implementation, the sampling module The sequence of connecting the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module to the DC bus includes but is not limited to the sequence shown in Figure 2.
  • the sampling module includes at least any one of a high-precision resistor divider detection circuit and an operational amplifier gain detection circuit.
  • the function of the sampling module is to collect the DC voltage and/or current in the multi-level DC system. It should be noted that in this embodiment, “at least includes” and “including but not limited to” can be interchanged, which means that other types of circuits can be included in addition to the foregoing circuits.
  • the intelligent control module is composed of an MCU chip and peripheral communication, sampling and control circuits.
  • the function of the intelligent control module is to process voltage and/or leakage current data, and to control the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module for adjustment.
  • the basic insulation combination module includes: a first balance resistor pair RD11 and RD12, a second balance resistor pair RD21 and RD22, and a first switching switch pair KD21 and KD22; a second balance resistor pair RD21 and RD22 and The first switching switch pair KD21 and KD22 are respectively connected in parallel; the first balancing resistance pair RD11 and RD12 are connected in parallel with the second balancing resistance pair RD21 and RD22 and the first switching switch pair KD21 and KD22 are respectively connected in series Connected and respectively connected in series to the positive-to-earth lead and negative-to-earth lead of the DC bus.
  • the structure of the basic insulation combination module can be seen in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
  • the basic insulation combination module when only the first balance resistor is connected to RD11 and RD12, the basic insulation combination module is used to perform balanced bridge single-ended grounding insulation fault detection; When the first balance resistor pair RD11 and RD12, the second balance resistor pair RD21 and RD22, and the first switching switch pair KD21 and KD22 in the combination module are all connected, the basic insulation combination module is used for unbalanced bridge double-ended grounding Insulation fault detection.
  • the resistance values of the first balancing resistor pair RD11 and RD12 are equal, and are determined by the voltage and/or leakage current data of the multi-level DC system; the resistance values of the second balancing resistor pair RD21 and RD22 are equal and greater than The resistance value of the first balance resistor pair RD11 and RD12 equal to 4 times. See Figure 3 and Figure 4.
  • the smart resistance switching network module includes: at least one pair of first functional resistance pairs RD31 and RD32, and the corresponding first functional switch pair KD31 and KD32; the first functional resistance pair RD31 and RD32 and the first functional resistance pair
  • the switch pairs KD31 and KD32 are respectively connected in parallel, and respectively connected in series to the positive-to-ground lead and the negative-to-ground lead of the DC bus.
  • the structure of the intelligent resistance switching network module can be seen in Figure 3 and Figure 4. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first functional resistance pair includes at least a pair of RD31 and RD32.
  • the number of the first functional resistance pair is determined according to actual requirements, including but not limited to: The functional resistance pair RD31 and RD32,..., the n-th functional resistance pair RDn1 and RDn2; correspondingly, since the first functional switch pair KD31 and KD32 correspond to the first functional resistance pair RD31 and RD32 one-to-one, therefore, the first functional switch pair
  • the number includes but is not limited to: the first functional switch pair KD31 and KD32,..., the nth functional switch pair KDn1 and KDn2.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit topology structure formed by the series connection between the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit topology structure formed by the parallel connection between the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module in this embodiment.
  • the control signals of at least one pair of the first functional switch pair KD31 and KD32, and the first switching switch pair KD21 and KD22 are controlled by the intelligent control module, and the control methods include switch pair joint control and switch pair independent control.
  • the joint control of switch pairs means that the control between a switch pair will affect each other. Therefore, the mutual influence between the switch pairs needs to be considered during the control. The specific influence relationship between the switch pairs can be based on The actual situation is adjusted, and this application is not limited.
  • Independent control of switch pairs means that the control of two switches of a switch pair is independent of each other and does not affect each other.
  • At least one pair of the first functional switch pair KD31 and KD32, and the first switching switch pair KD21 and KD22, the switching devices in the switch pair include at least: relays, triodes, optocouplers, and MOS transistors.
  • the selection of switching devices includes but is not limited to the above-listed devices. In other embodiments, as long as other devices capable of turning on and off can also be used as the switches of this embodiment. Device.
  • the resistance values of at least one pair of first functional resistor pairs RD31 and RD32 are equal, and the series-parallel combination value of all functional resistors configured in the same multi-level DC system is greater than 20 times the first balanced resistor pair The resistance of RD11 and RD12.
  • the series-parallel combination value includes: the series combination value and the parallel combination value; the series combination value is the series combination value of the functional resistance when the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module are connected in series ;
  • the parallel combined value is the series combined value of the functional resistance when the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module are connected in parallel.
  • This embodiment provides a multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device.
  • the device includes: an intelligent control module, and a sampling module, a basic insulation combination module, and an intelligent resistance switching network module connected to the intelligent control module; the sampling module is used for Collect the voltage and/or leakage current data of the multi-level DC system and pass it to the intelligent control module; the basic insulation combination module is used to detect the ground insulation fault of the multi-level DC system; the intelligent resistance switching network module is used to adjust the multi-level DC system The resistance value of the distributed insulation detection device; the intelligent control module is used to process voltage and/or leakage current data, and control the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module for adjustment.
  • the control module performs data processing, and then controls the resistance value of the basic insulation combination module and the intelligent resistance switching network module to adjust the total balance resistance of the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device, so as to avoid affecting the bus insulation detection device of the parallel system calculation accuracy.
  • bus insulation detection device 1 is a traditional insulation detection circuit
  • bus insulation detection 2 is the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device described in the embodiments of this application.
  • the branch insulation detection device is mainly composed of leakage Hall sensors.
  • the balance bridge theory is to calculate the insulation resistance by measuring the change of the positive and negative busbar voltage to the ground.
  • the resistance selection of the balance bridge resistance and the switching resistance needs to ensure a certain detection sensitivity to avoid excessive voltage fluctuations to the ground.
  • the balance bridge resistance is slightly larger than the insulation alarm threshold, and the balance bridge switching resistance is not less than 4 times the balance bridge resistance.
  • the default insulation warning threshold for 336V DC systems is 38K
  • the default insulation warning threshold for 240V DC systems is 28K. So the general 336V system balance bridge resistance value is 38 ⁇ 50k ⁇ , and the 240V system balance resistance value is 28 ⁇ 40k ⁇ .
  • R1 in the insulation detection device 1 and RD11 and RD12 in the insulation detection device 2 are balanced resistors.
  • RD21 and RD22 are balanced switching resistors
  • RDn1 and RDn2 are functional resistors
  • Rc and RDc are sampling resistors.
  • the resistance can be ignored.
  • the busbar has a positive-to-ground resistance Rx
  • a busbar's negative-to-ground resistance Ry and the positive and negative bus-to-ground voltages are U1 and U2, respectively
  • R1 ⁇ and R2 ⁇ are the total balance bridge resistance of the monitoring system positive and negative to ground.
  • the detection error of the grounding resistance in the range of 0-100K is less than or equal to 5%, and the value range of RD can be obtained RD ⁇ 20R1.
  • the circuit detection error, and the value of the functional resistance is too large, it will affect the accuracy of the ground voltage detection, so the recommended value of RD is between 20R1 and 50R1.
  • the resistance value of the balanced bridge resistor R1 is determined by the DC system voltage according to the foregoing.
  • the resistance range of the first balanced bridge resistance pair RD11 and RD12 described in this application can also be obtained, and the resistance value of the second balanced bridge resistance pair (ie balanced switching resistance) RD21 and RD22 is not less than 4 times the first balance
  • the resistance value of the bridge resistance pair, the resistance value of the first functional resistance pair RD31 and RD32 can be greater than or equal to 20 times the resistance value of the first balanced bridge resistance pair
  • the resistance value of the second functional resistance pair can be 2 times the resistance value of the first functional resistance pair
  • the third The functional resistance-to-resistance value can be twice the second functional resistance-to-resistance value, and so on.
  • the number of configuration functional resistance pairs can be determined according to the number of on-site parallel insulation devices. Based on this, the total balance resistance value of the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device designed by the embodiment of the present application can be flexibly configured through the intelligent resistance switching network, so as to avoid affecting the calculation accuracy of the bus insulation detection device of the parallel system.
  • the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device in the embodiment of this application fully considers the mutual influence between multiple parallel insulation detection devices of different DC power supply and distribution systems.
  • a new type of insulation detection device is proposed.
  • General distributed insulation detection scheme It can independently detect the insulation resistance of the bus to the ground, and can also cooperate with the detection of the insulation resistance of the branch to the ground.
  • either the balanced bridge method or the unbalanced bridge method can be used to realize the double-ended ground fault detection of the busbar and branch.
  • the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device provided by the embodiment of the application is based on the balance bridge theory and its changes.
  • the used busbar and branch insulation resistance calculation formulas are all linear equations, which are simpler than the quadratic equation and have a fast response speed.
  • the balance bridge resistance value, the switching resistance value and the value range of the functional resistance value have a certain proportional relationship, which can be determined according to the DC system voltage.
  • This embodiment describes the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device provided in the embodiment of the present application based on an application scenario in which a DC power supply system has an output of a power distribution system.
  • the power distribution system insulation detection device adopts the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device provided by the embodiment of this application for branch insulation detection, and the power supply system is designed with a traditional balanced bridge insulation detection device for busbar Insulation detection.
  • the switching switch KD2 is controlled to be closed and KD3 is opened.
  • the simplified circuit is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the power supply system bus insulation detection device will detect the actual positive and negative bus-to-ground voltages U1 and U2 according to the sampling resistance at this time, which should be consistent with the following theoretical calculations :
  • the power distribution system insulation detection device samples and detects the positive and negative ground voltage values, and the leakage Hall sensor is used to detect the branch leakage current value.
  • Id1 leakage current
  • This embodiment describes the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device provided in the embodiment of the present application based on an application scenario in which a DC power supply system has three power distribution system outputs.
  • the insulation detection device of the power distribution system adopts the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device provided in the embodiment of the application to perform the insulation detection of the busbar and the branch circuit, and the power supply system does not have an insulation detection device.
  • the insulation detection device 1 of the power distribution system uses the unbalanced bridge insulation detection method to detect double-ended ground faults. If the insulation detection device 1 monitors and calculates at this time, only its own system is considered, and the parallel resistance of the insulation detection device is ignored.
  • the theoretical calculation formula is as follows:
  • the unbalanced bridge insulation detection method can also be used to detect double-ended ground faults when the multi-level DC system distributed insulation detection device provided in the embodiment of the present application is used in multi-level parallel connection, and the detection accuracy meets the requirements.
  • the balanced bridge resistance in the busbar insulation detection device of the power distribution system forms a loop to sample the positive and negative ground voltage values, and the leakage Hall sensor is used to detect the branch leakage current. value.
  • communication media usually contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, computer program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium. Therefore, this application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

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Abstract

一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，通过基本绝缘组合模块来检测多级直流系统的接地绝缘故障，并采用采样模块来采集多级直流系统中的电压和/或漏电流数据，将采集到的电压和/或漏电流数据传递给智能控制模块进行数据处理，然后去控制基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块的电阻值，来调整多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置的总平衡电阻。

Description

一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201910844102.4、申请日为2019年9月6日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此以引入方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请实施例包括但不限于涉及高压直流电源系统技术领域，具体而言，包括但不限于一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置。
背景技术
由于直流供电的优越性，近年来HVDC(High-voltage Direct Current高压直流)系统在通信基站、新能源与汽车电子等领域飞速发展，IDC(Internet Data Center互联网数据中心)核心机房的供电也逐渐由UPS(Uninterruptible Power System/Uninterruptible Power Supply不间断电源)向HVDC方向发展。不同于传统48V通信电源，高压直流电源系统采用悬浮供电，正负母排对地需要保证一定绝缘强度，若出现绝缘故障则可能会对设备与人身安全造成严重损害。
传统基于平衡桥理论的绝缘监测技术仅针对单个直流系统，没有考虑到多个绝缘检测装置并联情况，已无法适应越来越多样化的供配电系统。由于平衡桥电阻越大，对地电压偏移幅度越大，绝缘检测灵敏度越高，但平衡桥电阻越大，绝缘降低时对地电压越容易发生偏移，可能在达到绝缘电阻告警阈值之前引起二次设备保护电路误动。平衡桥电阻值既不能太小也不能太大，一般是由 直流电压确定的，因此在同一直流供配电系统中的绝缘检测装置平衡桥电阻值都会在同一量级。
一种典型应用的多级直流电源分布式供配电系统如图1所示，包括HVDC供电系统、HVDC配电系统以及多路支路输出，各级系统均会自带绝缘检测装置。目前在IDC机房、充电桩以及光伏电源等领域基本都采用基于平衡桥及其变化理论来实现绝缘故障检测，因此在实际应用时，尤其是各级系统由不同厂家提供，必然出现绝缘检测装置并联导致实际平衡桥电阻值发生变化而产生绝缘计算偏差，甚至误告警情况。目前工程上的处理措施多是直接将并联系统中受干扰的绝缘检测装置去掉，但这样就无法确保整个分布式直流供配电系统绝缘检测的全面性。基于此，本文提出一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测方法及装置。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供的一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置。
本申请实施例提供一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，所述多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置包括：智能控制模块，以及与所述智能控制模块连接的采样模块、基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块；所述采样模块用于采集所述多级直流系统的电压和/或漏电流数据，且传递给所述智能控制模块；所述基本绝缘组合模块用于检测所述多级直流系统的接地绝缘故障；所述智能电阻投切网络模块用于调整所述多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置的电阻值；所述智能控制模块用于处理所述电压和/或漏电流数据，且控制所述基本绝缘组合模块和所述智能电阻投切网络模块进行调整。
本申请其他特征和相应的有益效果在说明书的后面部分进行阐述说明，且应当理解，至少部分有益效果从本申请说明书中的记载变的显而易见。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本申请作进一步说明，附图中：
图1为一种典型的多级直流电源供配电系统应用架构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例一提供的一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置的架构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例一提供的基本绝缘组合模块与智能电阻投切网络模块之间进行串联连接所组成的电路拓扑结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例一提供的基本绝缘组合模块与智能电阻投切网络模块之间进行并联连接所组成的电路拓扑结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例二提供的一种典型的分布式直流供配电系统的架构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例三提供的一种单个直流供电系统带单个配电系统输出的绝缘检测装置并联电路简化示意图；
图7为本申请实施例四提供的一种单个直流供电系统带三个配电系统输出的绝缘检测装置并联电路简化示意图；
图8为本申请实施例四中多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置采用非平衡桥绝缘检测方法检测双端接地故障处于状态一下的电路简化示意图；
图9为本申请实施例四中多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置采用非平衡桥绝缘检测方法检测双端接地故障处于状态二下的电路简化示意图；
图10为本申请实施例四中多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置采用非平衡桥绝缘检测方法检测双端接地故障处于状态三下的电路简化示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面通过具体实施 方式结合附图对本申请实施例作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
实施例一：
为了解决目前的传统基于平衡桥理论的绝缘监测技术在运用到多级直流电源分布式供配电系统中会出现绝缘检测装置并联导致实际平衡桥电阻值发生变化而产生绝缘计算偏差，甚至误告警情况。本实施例提供了一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置。
本实施例提供的一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置的结构示意图可参见图2，在图2中，多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置包括：智能控制模块，以及与智能控制模块连接的采样模块、基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块；采样模块用于采集多级直流系统的电压和/或漏电流数据，且传递给智能控制模块；基本绝缘组合模块用于检测多级直流系统的接地绝缘故障；智能电阻投切网络模块用于调整多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置的电阻值；智能控制模块用于处理电压和/或漏电流数据，且控制基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块进行调整。
在本实施例中，多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置中的采样模块、基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块，以任意顺序分别接入多级直流系统的直流母线上。请参见图2，采样模块、基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块均接入到多级直流系统的直流母线的正极线和负极线上，并且需要说明的是，本实施中，采样模块、基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块接入到直流母线上的顺序包括但不限于图2所示的接入顺序。
在本实施例中，采样模块至少包括：高精度电阻分压检测电路和运放增益检测电路任意一种。采样模块的作用是采集多级直流系统中的直流电压和/或电 流。需要说明的是，在本实施例中“至少包括”与“包括但不限于”可以互换，即是代表除上述电路以外还可以包括其他种类的电路。
在本实施例中，智能控制模块由MCU芯片及外围通信、采样与控制电路组成。智能控制模块的作用是用于处理电压和/或漏电流数据，且控制基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块进行调整。
在本实施例中，基本绝缘组合模块包括：第一平衡电阻对RD11和RD12，第二平衡电阻对RD21和RD22，以及第一投切开关对KD21和KD22；第二平衡电阻对RD21和RD22与第一投切开关对KD21和KD22分别对应进行并联连接；第一平衡电阻对RD11和RD12与并联连接后的第二平衡电阻对RD21和RD22与第一投切开关对KD21和KD22分别对应进行串联连接，且分别串联到直流母线的正对地引线和负对地引线中。基本绝缘组合模块的结构可参见图3和图4。
请参见图3和图4，在上述的基本绝缘组合模块中当只有第一平衡电阻对RD11和RD12接入时，基本绝缘组合模块用于进行平衡桥法单端接地绝缘故障检测；当基本绝缘组合模块中第一平衡电阻对RD11和RD12、第二平衡电阻对RD21和RD22，以及第一投切开关对KD21和KD22均接入时，基本绝缘组合模块用于进行非平衡桥法双端接地绝缘故障检测。
在本实施例中，第一平衡电阻对RD11与RD12的电阻值相等，且通过多级直流系统的电压和/或漏电流数据确定；第二平衡电阻对RD21与RD22的电阻值相等，且大于等于4倍的第一平衡电阻对RD11与RD12的电阻值。可参见图3和图4。
在本实施例中，智能电阻投切网络模块包括：至少一对第一功能电阻对RD31和RD32，以及对应的第一功能开关对KD31和KD32；第一功能电阻对 RD31和RD32与第一功能开关对KD31和KD32分别对应进行并联连接，并分别串联到直流母线的正对地引线和负对地引线中。智能电阻投切网络模块的结构可参见图3和图4。需要说明的是，在本实施例中，第一功能电阻对包括至少一对RD31和RD32，在实际应用中，第一功能电阻对的数目根据实际需求综合考虑确定，包括但不限于：第一功能电阻对RD31和RD32、…、第n功能电阻对RDn1与RDn2；对应的由于第一功能开关对KD31和KD32与第一功能电阻对RD31和RD32一一对应，因此，第一功能开关对的数目包括但不限于：第一功能开关对KD31和KD32、…、第n功能开关对KDn1与KDn2。
在本实施例中，基本绝缘组合模块与智能电阻投切网络模块通过分别对应进行串联连接，或通过分别对应进行并联连接。具体的请参见图3和图4，图3为本实施例中基本绝缘组合模块与智能电阻投切网络模块之间进行串联连接所组成的电路拓扑结构示意图。图4为本实施例中基本绝缘组合模块与智能电阻投切网络模块之间进行并联连接所组成的电路拓扑结构示意图。
在本实施例中，至少一对第一功能开关对KD31和KD32，以及第一投切开关对KD21和KD22的控制信号均由智能控制模块控制，控制方式包括开关对联合控制和开关对独立控制。在本实施例中，开关对联合控制即是一个开关对之间的控制会互相影响，因此在控制时需要考虑到开关对之间的互相影响，具体的开关对之间的影响关系，可以根据实际情况进行调整，本申请并不进行限定。开关对独立控制，即是一个开关对的两个开关的控制互相独立，互不影响。
在本实施例中，至少一对第一功能开关对KD31和KD32，以及第一投切开关对KD21和KD22，所述开关对中的开关器件至少包括：继电器、三极管、光耦以及MOS管任意一种。需要说明的是，在本实施例中，开关器件的选择包括但不限于上述所列举的器件，在另外一些实施例中，只要能够进行开启和关闭 功能的其他器件也可以作为本实施例的开关器件。
在本实施例中，至少一对第一功能电阻对RD31和RD32的电阻值均相等，且同一多级直流系统中配置的所有功能电阻的串并联组合值要大于20倍第一平衡电阻对RD11与RD12的阻值。需要说明的是，在本实施例中，串并联组合值包括：串联联合值和并联联合值；串联联合值即是基本绝缘组合模块与智能电阻投切网络模块串联连接时功能电阻的串联组合值；并联联合值即是基本绝缘组合模块与智能电阻投切网络模块并联连接时功能电阻的串联组合值。
本实施例提供一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，该装置包括：智能控制模块，以及与智能控制模块连接的采样模块、基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块；采样模块用于采集多级直流系统的电压和/或漏电流数据，且传递给智能控制模块；基本绝缘组合模块用于检测多级直流系统的接地绝缘故障；智能电阻投切网络模块用于调整多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置的电阻值；智能控制模块用于处理电压和/或漏电流数据，且控制基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块进行调整。通过基本绝缘组合模块来检测多级直流系统的接地绝缘故障，并采用采样模块来采集多级直流系统中的电压和/或漏电流数据，将采集到的电压和/或漏电流数据传递给智能控制模块进行数据处理，然后去控制基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块的电阻值，来调整多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置的总平衡电阻，从而避免影响并联系统的母线绝缘检测装置计算精度。
实施例二：
一个典型的分布式直流供配电系统如图5所示，其中母线绝缘检测装置1为传统绝缘检测电路，母线绝缘检测2为本申请实施例所述的多级直流系统分 布式绝缘检测装置，支路绝缘检测装置主要由漏电霍尔传感器组成。
平衡桥理论是通过测量正负母排对地电压的变化来计算绝缘电阻的，平衡桥电阻与投切电阻的阻值选择需要在保证一定检测灵敏度基础上，避免对地电压波动过大，一般平衡桥电阻取略大于绝缘告警阈值，平衡桥投切电阻取不小于4倍平衡桥电阻。根据通信行业标准YD/T 3089-2016与YD/T 2378-2011等相关规定，336V直流系统绝缘告警阈值默认为38K，240V直流系统绝缘告警阈值默认为28K。所以一般336V系统平衡桥电阻值取38～50kΩ，240V系统平衡电阻值取28～40kΩ。
图5中绝缘检测装置1中R1与绝缘检测装置2中RD11、RD12均为平衡电阻，绝缘检测装置2中RD21、RD22为平衡投切电阻，RDn1、RDn2为功能电阻，Rc与RDc为采样电阻，阻值可忽略。假设母排正对地电阻Rx，母排负对地电阻Ry，正负母排对地电压分别为U1与U2，设R1`与R2`为监控系统正负对地总平衡桥电阻。若供电系统监控仅考虑自身绝缘检测装置1，则理论有R1`＝R1，R2`＝R1；而实际供电系统绝缘检测装置1与配电系统绝缘检测装置2并联，则实际有R1`＝R1//RD，R2`＝R1//RD(其中“//”表示两个电阻并联)，RD为绝缘装置2所有平衡电阻与功能电阻的组合总值。根据平衡桥理论，分别计算上述2种情况下的理论与实际绝缘电阻值有Ry理论值＝R1*U2/(U1-U2)，Ry实际值＝(R1//RD)*U2/(U1-U2)。计算得到的理论值与实际值之间的相对误差φ＝R1/RD*100％。可以看到，当RD越小于R1的值时，计算误差越大；当RD远大于R1时，绝缘电阻计算误差趋近于0％。
根据国网标准，接地电阻在0～100K范围内的检测误差小于等于5％，则可得RD的取值范围RD≥20R1。考虑到电路检测误差，且功能电阻取值太大会影响对地电压检测精度，因此推荐RD的取值在20R1～50R1之间。而平衡桥电阻 R1的阻值根据前文所述，由直流系统电压来确定。因此，同样可得本申请所述第一平衡桥电阻对RD11与RD12的阻值范围，而第二平衡桥电阻对(即平衡投切电阻)RD21与RD22阻值取不小于4倍第一平衡桥电阻对阻值，第一功能电阻对RD31与RD32阻值可取大于等于20倍第一平衡桥电阻对阻值，第二功能电阻对阻值可取2倍第一功能电阻对阻值，第三功能电阻对电阻值可取2倍第二功能电阻对阻值，以此类推，则实际应用时即可根据现场并联绝缘装置数量来确定配置功能电阻对的数量。基于此，本申请实施例方案设计的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置总平衡电阻值可通过智能电阻投切网络来灵活配置，从而避免影响并联系统的母线绝缘检测装置计算精度。
本申请实施例的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置充分考虑多个不同直流供配电系统并联绝缘检测装置之间的相互影响，基于工程常用的传统平衡桥绝缘检测电路原理，提出一种可通用的分布式绝缘检测方案。即能独立检测母线对地绝缘电阻，也能配合检测支路对地绝缘电阻。在独立应用时，即可采用平衡桥法，也可采用非平衡桥法，实现母排与支路双端接地故障检测。
本申请实施例提供的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置基于平衡桥理论及其变化，所采用的母排与支路绝缘电阻计算公式均为一次方程，相对二次方程计算简单，响应速度快。并且平衡桥电阻值、投切电阻值与功能电阻值的取值范围有一定的比例关系，具体可以根据直流系统电压确定。
实施例三：
本实施例基于一个直流供电系统带一个配电系统输出的应用场景对本申请实施例提供的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置进行说明。
可参见图6，在本实施例中配电系统绝缘检测装置采用本申请实施例提供的 多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置进行支路绝缘检测，供电系统带传统平衡桥绝缘检测装置设计进行母线绝缘检测。
假定直流系统母排电压U＝240V，其告警阈值为28K，则本案例中绝缘检测装置取平衡桥电阻R1＝RD1＝30K，平衡投切电阻RD2＝120K，功能电阻RDn＝25(n-2)RD1。考虑到该直流系统仅2级绝缘检测装置并联，则配电系统绝缘检测装置只需取一组功能电阻对RD3＝25RD1＝750K。则实际应用时控制投切开关KD2闭合，KD3断开即可，简化电路如附图6所示。
此时人为给母排一个正对地绝缘电阻Rx＝28K，供电系统母线绝缘检测装置会根据采样电阻检测到此时实际的正负母排对地电压U1与U2，应与如下理论计算值一致：
Figure PCTCN2020113059-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020113059-appb-000002
由U1＜U2，判断正对地绝缘性能差。若此时供电系统绝缘监控还是仅考虑自身平衡桥电阻，忽略后级并联的直流配电系统绝缘检测装置影响，计算得到的Rx值为：
Figure PCTCN2020113059-appb-000003
则理论计算得到Rx值与实际给定的Rx值的相对误差为：
Figure PCTCN2020113059-appb-000004
综上，可以看到后级并联本申请所述的绝缘检测装置对前级母排绝缘检测精度的影响控制在5％允许误差范围内，满足要求。
对支路绝缘检测，由配电系统绝缘检测装置来采样检测正负对地电压值， 漏电霍尔传感器用来检测支路漏电流值。假设支路1存在漏电流Id1，根据平衡桥理论，若Id1为正，则说明正对地绝缘性能下降，该支路正对地绝缘电阻Rx1＝U1/Id1；若Id1为负，则说明负对地绝缘性能下降，该支路负对地绝缘电阻Ry1＝U2/Id1。
实施例四：
本实施例基于一个直流供电系统带三个配电系统输出的应用场景对本申请实施例提供的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置进行说明。
可参见图7，在本实施例中配电系统绝缘检测装置采用本申请实施例提供的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置进行母线与支路绝缘检测，供电系统不带绝缘检测装置。假定直流系统母排电压U＝240V，其告警阈值为28K，则本案例中取绝缘检测取平衡桥电阻R1＝RD1＝30K，平衡投切电阻RD2＝120K，功能电阻RDn＝25(n-2)RD1。考虑到该直流系统会有3级绝缘检测装置并联，且都为配电系统绝缘检测装置，可选绝缘检测装置1进行母线绝缘检测，绝缘检测装置2与装置3仅配合做其对应支路绝缘检测。则绝缘检测装置1不需要功能电阻对，绝缘检测装置2与装置3功能电阻对组合值要大于等于2*25RD1，则需要配置2组功能电阻对RD3＝25RD1＝750K，RD4＝50RD1＝1500K。则实际应用时绝缘检测装置1保留基本绝缘组合模块功能，投切开关根据算法来控制，绝缘检测装置2与装置3，投切开关对KD2与KD3均闭合，KD4断开即可，简化电路如附图7所示。可以看到，绝缘检测装置2与装置3并联功能电阻对组合值RD＝(RD1+RD4)/2＝765K。
对母排绝缘检测，该案例配电系统绝缘检测装置1采用非平衡桥绝缘检测方法检测双端接地故障，若此时绝缘检测装置1监控计算时还是仅考虑自身系 统，忽略绝缘检测装置并联电阻的影响，其理论计算公式如下：
状态一，KD21与KD22均闭合，如图8所示，不考虑RD，有：
Figure PCTCN2020113059-appb-000005
状态二，KD21断开，KD22闭合，如图9所示，不考虑RD，有：
Figure PCTCN2020113059-appb-000006
状态三，KD21闭合，KD22断开，如图10所示，不考虑RD，有：
Figure PCTCN2020113059-appb-000007
结合上式(1)～(3)，即可求出Rx与Ry的理论计算公式。式中U11～U31与U12～U32分别为对应状态下的正负对地电压值。
若此时人为同时给定Rx＝30K，Ry＝30K的对地电阻值，考虑并联绝缘装置的电阻值RD，此时可计算得到状态一到状态三的实际正负对地电压值分别为：U11＝120V，U12＝120V；U21＝149.29V，U22＝90.71V；U31＝90.71，U32＝149.29V。将各个状态下正负对地电压值代入Rx与Ry的理论计算公式，可求得Rx＝Ry＝28.9K。
则非平衡桥法理论计算得到Rx与Ry值与实际给定的Rx与Ry值的相对误差为：
Figure PCTCN2020113059-appb-000008
综上，可以看到采用本申请实施例提供的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置多级并联时也能采用非平衡桥绝缘检测方法检测双端接地故障，检测精度满足要求。
对支路绝缘检测，同样的可根据非平衡桥类似原理，配电系统母线绝缘检 测装置中的平衡桥电阻组成回路来采样正负对地电压值，漏电霍尔传感器用来检测支路漏电流值。利用非平衡桥法中的2个状态来计算，如状态一与状态二。假设状态一下支路1存在漏电流Id11，状态二下支路1存在漏电流Id12，则可列如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2020113059-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2020113059-appb-000010
综合(6)与(7)式，即可求出支路双端的绝缘电阻值Rx1与Ry1。
可见，本领域的技术人员应该明白，上文中所公开方法中的全部或某些步骤、系统、装置中的功能模块/单元可以被实施为软件(可以用计算装置可执行的计算机程序代码来实现)、固件、硬件及其适当的组合。在硬件实施方式中，在以上描述中提及的功能模块/单元之间的划分不一定对应于物理组件的划分；例如，一个物理组件可以具有多个功能，或者一个功能或步骤可以由若干物理组件合作执行。某些物理组件或所有物理组件可以被实施为由处理器，如中央处理器、数字信号处理器或微处理器执行的软件，或者被实施为硬件，或者被实施为集成电路，如专用集成电路。
此外，本领域普通技术人员公知的是，通信介质通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、计算机程序模块或者诸如载波或其他传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的其他数据，并且可包括任何信息递送介质。所以，本申请不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本申请实施例所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本申请的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，包括：智能控制模块，以及与所述智能控制模块连接的采样模块、基本绝缘组合模块和智能电阻投切网络模块；
    所述采样模块用于采集所述多级直流系统的电压和/或漏电流数据，且传递给所述智能控制模块；
    所述基本绝缘组合模块用于检测所述多级直流系统的接地绝缘故障；
    所述智能电阻投切网络模块用于调整所述多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置的电阻值；
    所述智能控制模块用于处理所述电压和/或漏电流数据，且控制所述基本绝缘组合模块和所述智能电阻投切网络模块进行调整。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，所述采样模块、所述基本绝缘组合模块和所述智能电阻投切网络模块，以任意顺序分别接入所述多级直流系统的直流母线上。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，所述采样模块至少包括：高精度电阻分压检测电路和运放增益检测电路任意一种。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，所述智能控制模块由MCU芯片及外围通信、采样与控制电路组成。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，所述基本绝缘组合模块包括：第一平衡电阻对RD11和RD12，第二平衡电阻对RD21和RD22，以及第一投切开关对KD21和KD22；
    所述第二平衡电阻对RD21和RD22与所述第一投切开关对KD21和KD22分别对应进行并联连接；
    所述第一平衡电阻对RD11和RD12与并联连接后的第二平衡电阻对RD21和RD22与第一投切开关对KD21和KD22分别对应进行串联连接，且分别串联到所述直流母线的正对地引线和负对地引线中。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，当所述基本绝缘组合模块中只有所述第一平衡电阻对RD11和RD12接入时，所述基本绝缘组合模块用于进行平衡桥法单端接地绝缘故障检测；
    当所述基本绝缘组合模块中所述第一平衡电阻对RD11和RD12、所述第二平衡电阻对RD21和RD22，以及所述第一投切开关对KD21和KD22均接入时，所述基本绝缘组合模块用于进行非平衡桥法双端接地绝缘故障检测。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，所述第一平衡电阻对RD11与RD12的电阻值相等，且通过所述多级直流系统的电压和/或漏电流数据确定；
    所述第二平衡电阻对RD21与RD22的电阻值相等，且大于等于4倍的所述第一平衡电阻对RD11与RD12的电阻值。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，所述智能电阻投切网络模块包括：至少一对第一功能电阻对RD31和RD32，以及对应的第一功能开关对KD31和KD32；
    所述第一功能电阻对RD31和RD32与所述第一功能开关对KD31和KD32分别对应进行并联连接，并分别串联到所述直流母线的正对地引线和负对地引线中。
  9. 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，所述基本绝缘组合模块与所述智能电阻投切网络模块通过分别对应进行串联连接，或通过分别对应进行并联连接。
  10. 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，所述至少一对第一功能开关对KD31和KD32，以及所述第一投切开关对KD21和KD22的控制信号均由所述智能控制模块控制，控制方式包括开关对联合控制和开关对独立控制。
  11. 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，所述至少一对第一功能开关对KD31和KD32，以及所述第一投切开关对KD21和KD22，所述开关对中的开关器件至少包括：继电器、三极管、光耦以及MOS 管任意一种。
  12. 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的多级直流系统分布式绝缘检测装置，其中，所述至少一对第一功能电阻对RD31和RD32的电阻值均相等，且同一多级直流系统中配置的所有功能电阻的串并联组合值要大于20倍所述第一平衡电阻对RD11与RD12的阻值。
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