WO2021037446A1 - Matériau hybride à renfort fibreux destiné à la fabrication d'un corps moulé, corps moulé et utilisation associée - Google Patents

Matériau hybride à renfort fibreux destiné à la fabrication d'un corps moulé, corps moulé et utilisation associée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021037446A1
WO2021037446A1 PCT/EP2020/070679 EP2020070679W WO2021037446A1 WO 2021037446 A1 WO2021037446 A1 WO 2021037446A1 EP 2020070679 W EP2020070679 W EP 2020070679W WO 2021037446 A1 WO2021037446 A1 WO 2021037446A1
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Prior art keywords
fibers
fiber
hybrid material
material according
type
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PCT/EP2020/070679
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Felix Ntourmas
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG
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Publication of WO2021037446A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021037446A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/047—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with mixed fibrous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
    • C08G59/22—Di-epoxy compounds
    • C08G59/24—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic
    • C08G59/245—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic aromatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
    • C08G59/4215—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof cycloaliphatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
    • C08G59/686—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/043—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/046—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with synthetic macromolecular fibrous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/47—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes fibre-reinforced plastics, e.g. glass-reinforced plastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins

Definitions

  • Hybrid material with fiber reinforcement for the production of a molded body, molded body, and use for it
  • the invention relates to a hybrid material with fiber reinforcement for the production of a molded body such as is used, for example, as an insulation and / or stiffening support / spacer / filler element in electrical machines.
  • the invention relates to a shaped body made of such a material and a use of this shaped body.
  • a known fiber-reinforced hybrid material that can be used for this purpose is usually made from appropriate fiber composites of reinforcing fibers, in particular inorganic ones, by placing fabrics, scrims, mats, swelling mats, fleeces and also through before consolidated plates and / or sandwich structures - also called semi-finished products Fibers, produced by impregnation with an impregnating resin - e.g. in the VPI process - and after subsequent hardening.
  • the disadvantage of the known fiber-reinforced hybrid materials which are used as stiffening support elements and / or insulation in rotating electrical machines, is that they are increasingly exposed to the thermomechanical alternating stresses in generators in generators due to the increasing number of start-ups and shutdowns linear viscoelastic range, eg at ⁇ 0.5% elongation, due to accelerated microcrack formation and crack propagation. Therefore, the known fiber-reinforced hybrid materials fail because of the increasing feed-in of electricity from renewable energies and the associated changed and more fluctuating operating scenarios of fossil power plants.
  • the known fiber-reinforced hybrid materials are increasingly unable to cope with the more rapidly changing stress amplitudes, for example due to frequent start-ups and shutdowns of the systems.
  • damage to the stator winding heads in existing systems has recently increased, in which both global cracks in the winding structure cast with hybrid material and local cracks in the rod insulation formed from hybrid material are suspected as a consequence of the increased winding head vibrations.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to create a fiber-reinforced hybrid material from which moldings of the known type can be produced by potting, for example via the vacuum-pressure impregnation process -VPI-, but whose profile of properties is resistant to cracks and the Vibration damping capacity is improved.
  • the solution to the problem and the subject matter of the invention is therefore a hybrid material with fiber reinforcement for the production of a molded body, comprising fibers and resin, the resin having thermoset properties and at least one type of first fiber, which is reinforcing fiber, and at least one type of second fiber is contained therein, which, in addition to their reinforcing effect, are polymeric and show visco-elastic properties.
  • the invention also relates to a molded body made from the fiber-reinforced hybrid material and the use of the molded body.
  • Reinforcing fibers are particularly those with more than 85% by weight of inorganic material, for example, but not listed exhaustively - ceramic amorphous fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, boron fibers, basalt fibers, quartz fibers and / or carbon fibers.
  • Polymeric fibers with visco-elasticity are in particular those with more than 85% by weight of organic, especially special also silicones as “organic material” include the, material referred to as
  • polyamide -PA- e.g. PA6, polyethylene -PE-, polypropylene -PP-, polyethylene terephthalate -PET-, polyacrylonitrile -PAN-, polymethyl methacrylate -PMMA- and / or made of
  • Natural fibers such as wood, flax, aramid, hemp, sisal, etc., called.
  • viscoelastic denotes a property of polymers which comprises both an elastic component and a viscous component, the elastic component causing reversible deformation and the viscous component causing irreversible deformation.
  • the viscoelasticity of polymers is based on a delayed equilibrium between the macromolecules during or after mechanical stress.
  • the proportion of the respective elongation components in the total elongation is determined by secondary bonds such as dipole bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals bonds and molecular entanglements.
  • the time-dependent elongation component is determined by Stretching, untangling and untangling processes are determined.
  • Visco-elastic is a polymer which, when deformed, has a high proportion of viscous deformation and thus gives the molded body made of the fiber-reinforced hybrid material a high level of damping, i.e. high mechanical damping, due to high internal friction .
  • the fiber surfaces have a certain adhesion to the thermosetting matrix material.
  • this adhesiveness is preferably paired with sufficient energy dissipation, as a result of which interface friction between the matrix and the fiber can be achieved.
  • all or only some of the fibers are coated. It is possible here for the entire fiber surface of the coated fibers to be coated, or for only a partial coating to be present.
  • a coating that can advantageously be used here contains, for example, an adhesion promoter.
  • all or part of the fibers can be coated - in whole or in some areas - based on a silane, a polyolefin, an organometallic compound or any combinations, blends, copolymers and / or mixtures of the aforementioned compounds, including with other compounds .
  • the first and the second fibers are processed together to form a fiber bundle - so-called roving or "fiber roving".
  • gels and / or fabrics made from first fibers and second fibers can alternate.
  • first and second fibers are woven into a fabric and / or scrim.
  • Both the first and the second fibers or both types of reinforcing fibers can always be present as mixtures of dissimilar fibers or as the same fibers.
  • long fibers are preferred, the use of continuous fibers in particular having proven to be advantageous.
  • mixtures of continuous fibers and long fibers can also be used here.
  • the second type of fiber is preferably present with a diameter of less than / equal to 100 pm, preferably less than / equal to 100 pm and particularly preferably less than / equal to 50 pm.
  • the first type of fiber is also present with a diameter in the area. It is advantageous if the two types of fibers are so similar in diameter that they can be used together to form a two-dimensional fabric and / or a three-dimensional fiber composite.
  • the first and second fibers are preferably woven in such a way that they are as isotropic and / or orthotropic as possible.
  • a material is referred to as "isotropic" if it has the same force-deformation behavior regardless of direction.
  • anisotropic materials the force-deformation behavior depends on the direction of loading.
  • Orthotropy is a special case of anisotropy and in turn includes transverse isotropy and isotropy as Special cases.
  • FIG. 1 shows a stator head winding, for example a turbo generator, in which passive additional components such as support, spacer and / or filler elements are specifically introduced in order to reduce the local stress amplitudes in the end winding structure to a less critical level.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary hybrid fiber roving, that is to say a roving made from a fiber bundle which comprises fibers of the first and second types.
  • FIG. 3 shows how hybrid fabric can be displayed from hybrid rovings.
  • FIG. 4 shows on the left a heap of randomly distributed first fibers, that is to say conventional reinforcing fibers of the first type, and on the right then hybrid tangled fibers, that is to say a heap of fibers of the first and second types.
  • FIG. 5 shows how a polymer fiber scrim and / or a polymer fiber fabric can be produced from a polymer fiber roving, i.e. a fiber bundle of polymer visco-elastic second fibers, and how these then produce a hybrid fiber semifinished product by laminating the individual layers on top of one another.
  • a polymer fiber roving i.e. a fiber bundle of polymer visco-elastic second fibers
  • FIG. 6 shows how fiber rovings from reinforcing fibers of the first type and fiber rovings from polymer, visco-elastic fibers of the second type can be used to produce a hybrid fiber fabric and / or a hybrid fiber fabric.
  • Figures 7 to 10 show various tests in which a molded body according to the prior art with only reinforcing fibers of the first type - see also the swelling mat according to the prior art Figure 4, left - a hybrid fiber-reinforced molded body with fibers of the first and second type is juxtaposed and compared.
  • the measurements relate to the damping capacity - Figure 7 -, the material stiffness - Figure 8 -, the toughness - Figure 9 - and the ductility - Figure 10 - of the opposing fiber-reinforced molded body.
  • Figure 1 shows an exemplary use of the moldings produced according to the invention.
  • a stator winding head with specifically introduced passive additional components 1, 2 and 3. All or some of these passive additional components can be formed from a fiber-reinforced molded body according to the present invention.
  • stiffening supporting, spacing and / or filling elements are stiffening supporting, spacing and / or filling elements. In the exemplary embodiment of the invention shown here, these are brought into the critical areas of the stator winding head in which high local strains are observed due to the operating behavior.
  • pre-cured, ie already pre-impregnated, resin-containing plates and / or sandwich structures made from the corresponding fiber-resin matrix composites, in particular special semi-finished fiber products are used. From these, in the VPI process, by impregnation, impregnation and pre-curing with impregnating resin and subsequent curing, fiber-reinforced molded bodies, as are the subject matter of the present invention, are formed.
  • the shaped bodies shown in Figure 1 are intermediate strips 1 between windings, spacer and / or support elements 2 between winding bars and swelling mats 3 as filler material.
  • the "swelling mats” are porous mats with randomly distributed reinforcing fibers, e.g. glass fibers and rubber fibers that are pre-impregnated with a small amount of a swellable and compatible resin system in the stator winding head. These "swelling mats” then swell when heat is supplied - for example during the impregnation and / or during the pre-curing process and thus close existing gaps. After impregnation with the impregnation resin, the "swollen swelling mats" are completely hardened together with the winding structure .
  • reinforcing fibers e.g. glass fibers and rubber fibers that are pre-impregnated with a small amount of a swellable and compatible resin system in the stator winding head.
  • the swelling mats already have a certain proportion of a resin before they come into contact with the actual impregnating resin of the resin impregnation, the resulting matrix system of a molded body made from a fiber-reinforced hybrid swelling mat essentially corresponds to that of the impregnating resin system.
  • reinforcing fibers of the first and second types are mixed in a swelling mat. Both types of fibers are part of the fiber pile - the proportion of the respective fiber type varying depending on the use, even within a use in a stator winding head.
  • Individual fibers which comprise fiber bundles and / or fiber rovings, can already form a mixture of fibers of the first and second types.
  • Fibers of the first and second types can then be combined in the form of fiber bundles and / or fiber rovings to form a fiber scrim, fabric, pile, etc., which comprises first and second fiber rovings and / or fiber bundles.
  • a fabric, a three-dimensional fiber composite and / or tangled pile of fibers of the first and second type can be formed.
  • Both the fibers of the first and the fibers of the second type are again possibly uniformly, that is, formed from the same fibers, or non-uniformly, for example formed from dissimilar fibers.
  • the equality or inequality can relate, for example, to the size, weight, chemical composition and / or coating.
  • FIGS. 1-10 Various exemplary possibilities of how the second polymeric visco-elastic fibers can be incorporated "into the architecture", that is to say into the structure that is presented by the fibers of the first type - of course only by way of example - are shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary hybrid roving, ie a roving formed by an ordered fiber bundle, with first fibers 5, for example glass fibers and second fibers 4 at the top and bottom thereof, for promoting damping, such as PA 6 fibers.
  • first fibers 5 for example glass fibers
  • second fibers 4 at the top and bottom thereof, for promoting damping, such as PA 6 fibers.
  • the second, polymer PA 6 fibers 4 to sheath the first reinforcing fibers 5, which are located in the middle. Together, the fibers form the hybrid fiber roving 7.
  • FIG. 3 shows the hybrid fiber roving 7 known from FIG. 2 and, at the bottom, how a hybrid fabric 8 can be produced from several hybrid rovings 7 by braiding.
  • the fiber shapes shown in the hybrid fiber roving 7 are preferably long fibers, in particular also - at least in part - endless fibers.
  • the volume fractions of the fibers of the first and second type are present in a hybrid roving 7 in a ratio of 50:50.
  • the proportions of the fibers of the first and second type are, however, adjustable and / or selectable, depending on the specific application.
  • FIG. 4 shows the alternative to the ordered fiber-fabric structure in the form of a tangled pile of fibers.
  • a mat for example a swelling mat 6 according to the prior art with exclusively fibers of the first type, can be seen on the left.
  • thermoset hybrid fiber matrix semi-finished products such as sheet molding compounds - SMC and / or bulk molding compounds (BMC).
  • Figure 5 shows the possibility of how from fibers of the second type, the polymeric fiber rovings 10,11 on the one hand and fibers of the first type, the reinforcing fiber rovings 18 on the other hand, the respective two-dimensional fiber structures, the monolithic scrims 12, 14 or the monolithic fabric 13 can be produced. These monolithic two-dimensional fiber layers can then be stacked and thus form the hybrid fiber laminate 15.
  • This variant of the combination of monolithic polymer fiber semifinished products with monolithic reinforcing fiber semifinished products can also be used to build up dry fiber semifinished products such as thermosetting matrix semifinished products and / or prepregs.
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 two exemplary molded bodies are compared.
  • a molded body 20 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention with a fiber structure made of fibers of the first and second types.
  • both molded bodies are compared with regard to their properties.
  • Figures 7 and 8 are examples of the material parameters relevant here as a measure of the damping capacity - logarithmic decrement lambda - and the material stiffness - modulus of elasticity - of a conventional glass fiber-plastic composite according to the prior art and an embodiment of the invention, a Hybrid fiber-plastic composite in which approximately 20% by weight of visco-elastic polymeric PA6 fibers are additionally contained via the fiber architecture shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the moldings 19 and 20 were made with the same epoxy-based impregnation resin, here bisphenol-A, a hardener based on acid anhydride of methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride and a catalyst based on an amine, here benzyldimethylamine.
  • thermoset molded bodies can in principle be made by hardening.
  • test specimens on which these parameters were determined were produced in a three-stage resin injection process, known as resin transfer molding.
  • resin transfer molding In the first stage, the cutting to size and the insertion and / or draping of the semi-finished fiber products into the tool mold took place.
  • the reactive molding compound was injected into the mold via a sprue in the second stage, flowing through the semi-finished fiber product and exiting the outlets again after it was completely saturated.
  • the glass fiber content in both materials was as comparable as possible.
  • the glass fiber content of both types of material was determined by means of calcination.
  • the results presented here and the material batches behind them have shown a good match in the glass fiber content with M glass fiber ⁇ 43% by weight for the molded body 19 and Mci as fiber ⁇ 41% by weight for the molded body 20 based on the hybrid fabric according to the invention , so that the differences shown in the properties and / or characteristic values have a decisive effect on the polymeric viscous components introduced according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show the absolute changes in the logarithmic decrement lambda as a measure of the damping capacity - FIG. 7 - and the modulus of elasticity as a measure of the material stiffness - FIG. 8 - of the molded body 20 made of hybrid fiber fabric.
  • the results demonstrate that an improvement in the damping capacity can be achieved in the molded body 20 without negatively influencing the rigidity.
  • the logarithmic decrement lambda as a measure of the damping capacity, is increased by up to 93%, while on the part of the elasticity modulus, as a measure of the stiffness, no statistically significant change is recorded.
  • PA6 fibers seem to increase the energy dissipation paths, for example through viscoelastic fiber deformation and / or interfacial friction in the molded body, but do not reduce the rigidity of the molded body, although they are fundamentally more flexible than the thermosetting matrix material and the reinforcing glass fibers have.
  • the increased energy dissipation capacity of the molded body 20 is also evident in a more detailed evaluation of the tensile tests carried out.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 the elongations at break and specific deformation work up to breakage evaluated from the same tensile tests are shown.
  • the former describes the ductility or deformability up to breakage and is thus a measure of the ductility of the molded body 20.
  • the second describes the work of deformation carried out until breakage and is therefore a measure of the - static - toughness of the composite material.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show absolute changes in the specific work of deformation up to fracture as a measure of the toughness - FIG. 9 - and the elongation at break as a measure of the ductility - FIG. 10 - of the molded body 20.
  • the specific deformation work up to the break can be increased in good correlation to the damping capacity by about 93%.
  • the increase in ductility can be quantified by the elongation at break at +47%.
  • the PA6 fibers that are introduced seem to increase both the damping and the deformation capacity and the energy requirement when the crack propagates until it breaks. It is assumed that this is due, on the one hand, to the exchange of rigid, thermosetting volume areas of the matrix with viscoelastic, thermoplastic volume areas of the PA6 fibers and, on the other hand, to crack propagation barriers with crack blunting and / or crack deflection paths at the additional PA6 fiber interfaces comes. So far, a distinction has been made between moldings with thermoplastic and thermosetting matrices.
  • thermosetting systems usually have the highest properties in terms of stiffness, strength, temperature range and / or resistance, which is why they are primarily used for applications with correspondingly increased requirements, such as in stator winding heads. Due to their high molecular cross-linking, however, these matrix materials do not offer the damping capacity that thermoplastic matrix materials, for example, would bring with them in the composite material.
  • thermoset fiber-plastic molded bodies without the thermoset mat to change rixsystem and / or to negatively influence other properties of the described requirement profile tailored to thermosets.
  • the fiber architecture is used in order to significantly increase the damping capacity of a thermoset molded body. Due to the constant proportion of reinforcing fibers, such as glass fibers, in the two compared molded bodies 19 and 20, the primary target property of mechanical rigidity is not negatively affected. This underlines that the visco-elastic polymer fibers additionally introduced in the example do not affect the workability in the process or the subsequent load introduction and transmission via the reinforcement fibers in the finished component. Since the fibers additionally introduced here are thermoplastic polymers, no negative influence on the electrical insulation properties of the molded body is to be expected. The same applies to the natural fibers mentioned.
  • the solution approach presented here can theoretically be applied to any conceivable semi-finished product form, such as hybrid roving, hybrid fabrics, hybrid fabrics, using hybrid fiber architectures made of fibers that promote rigidity (e.g. glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers) and fibers that promote damping, such as thermoplastic fibers, elastomer fibers, natural fibers , Hybrid fleece, hybrid mat, hybrid braid, hybrid embroidered, hybrid knitted fabrics and / or also ent speaking mixed and / or sandwich shapes are transferred.
  • fibers that promote rigidity e.g. glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers
  • fibers that promote damping such as thermoplastic fibers, elastomer fibers, natural fibers , Hybrid fleece, hybrid mat, hybrid braid, hybrid embroidered, hybrid knitted fabrics and / or also ent speaking mixed and / or sandwich shapes are transferred.
  • the visco-elastic polymeric fibers of the second type are commercially available and can be processed technically, which is why the cost of technical implementation of these hybrid fiber composites instead of the monolithic fiber composites in existing processes and / or systems is estimated to be low.
  • the molded bodies according to the invention are also interesting for application areas in which components are made of thermoset Fiber-plastic composites are permanently exposed to vibrations or a higher vibration damping capacity is sought without adapting the matrix material.
  • the invention makes available for the first time a predominantly thermosetting molded body which has improved damping oscillation properties and / or cracking properties. This is achieved through the targeted incorporation of polymeric, in particular visco-elastic fibers, into the conventional fiber base structure and / or fiber architecture.
  • First fibers glass fibers: tangled bundles of fibers

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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau hybride à renfort fibreux servant à la fabrication d'un corps moulé, tel qu'utilisé par exemple comme isolation et/ou comme élément de remplissage/d'écartement/de soutien raidisseur dans des machines électriques. L'invention permet d'obtenir pour la première fois un corps moulé en majeure partie thermodurcissable qui possède des propriétés d'amortissement des vibrations et/ou des propriétés en fissuration améliorées, grâce à l'incorporation ciblée de fibres polymères, en particulier viscoélastiques, dans l'architecture fibreuse et/ou la structure de base fibreuse classique.
PCT/EP2020/070679 2019-08-26 2020-07-22 Matériau hybride à renfort fibreux destiné à la fabrication d'un corps moulé, corps moulé et utilisation associée WO2021037446A1 (fr)

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DE102019212758 2019-08-26

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Cited By (2)

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DE102021110817A1 (de) 2021-04-28 2022-11-03 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Aufquellbare Isolationshülse für einen Stator eines Elektromotors
WO2024041864A1 (fr) * 2022-08-26 2024-02-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Moteur électrique

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