WO2021037191A1 - Biogas full-component conversion biomethanol catalyst lanio3/sic-sio2-foam and method for preparation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a biogas full-component conversion biomethanol catalyst LaNiO₃/SiC-SiO₂-Foam and method for preparation thereof. In the catalyst LaNiO₃/SiC-SiO₂-Foam, LaNiO₃ is loaded on the carrier SiC-SiO₂-Foam, and the loading amount of LaNiO₃ is 3%–7%. The LaNiO₃/SiC-SiO₂-Foam obtained by preparation of the present invention has a perovskite unit cell structure; all nickel and lanthanum elements are arranged in a certain order, and the nickel element in the Ni-La₂O₃/SiC-SiO₂-Foam obtained after reduction is precipitated in a corresponding arrangement order; the dispersibility is high, distribution is uniform, performance is stable, and the conversion rate is high, and the invention can catalyze very well a biogas full-component conversion synthesis gas for use in the synthesis of biomethanol. The preparation method of the present invention has a simple process and low cost, and is easy to commercialize and produce on a large scale.

Description

LaNiO catalyst for full-component biogas conversion to biomethanol 3/SiC-SiO 2-Foam and its preparation method Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and specifically relates to a biogas full-component conversion biomethanol catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

The energy supply in the world today is mainly based on the three non-renewable fossil resources of coal, oil and natural gas. Globalization is now stepping into the new century. The rapid increase in population and the rapid growth of economic aggregate have caused the earth's resources to be used wildly, although there are still many resources such as deep-sea oil and gas, combustible ice, coalbed methane and shale gas. Available for development and utilization, mankind has also begun to pay attention to the potential shortage of non-renewable fossil fuels. There are abundant biomass resources in nature, and the fermentation of biomass resources to produce gas fuel is called biogas, and the main component is methane. With the increasingly scarce oil resources, people pay more and more attention to the development and utilization of biogas resources. Due to its sustainability, biogas resources have become one of the most promising main energy and chemical raw materials to replace petroleum in the future. Experts from various countries generally believe that the 21st century will be the century of biogas. According to forecasts by the International Energy Agency, between now and 2050, biogas consumption will increase exponentially. The proportion of biogas in the world's energy structure has been increasing in recent years. According to experts' predictions, by the middle of the century, the proportion of biogas in the world's energy structure will reach 80%, thus replacing oil as the world's most important energy source. Therefore, as an important resource, biogas has received great attention in the fields of chemical industry and energy. my country's biogas resources are very rich, because my country's vast territory is rich in biomass resources. Abundant biomass resources provide a strong guarantee for the development of biogas chemical industry. In addition to being a clean energy source, biogas can also directly produce hydrogen, indirectly produce liquid fuels and a variety of basic chemicals, such as the preparation of methanol, synthetic ammonia and dimethyl ether. On the other hand, methane in biogas is one of the main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Although the concentration of methane in the atmosphere is much smaller than that of carbon dioxide, its greenhouse effect is more than 20 times that of it. The random emission of a large amount of useless biogas intensifies the greenhouse effect. The world emits 100 million tons of methane into the atmosphere through various channels each year, and the emissions generated by human activities are about half of the total emissions. Therefore, the rational and effective development and utilization of methane and carbon dioxide in biogas has a dual significance, which can not only effectively use resources, but also effectively control the greenhouse effect of methane and reduce the impact of methane on global warming.

Syngas refers to a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The _{ratio of CO to H 2 in} syngas varies with the raw materials and production methods, and its molar ratio is 1/2 to 3/1. Syngas is one of the raw materials for organic synthesis and a source of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. It plays an important role in the chemical industry. The raw materials for preparing synthesis gas are diverse, and many carbon-containing resources such as coal, natural gas, petroleum or residual oil can be used to produce synthesis gas. Syngas can be converted into liquid and gaseous fuels, bulk chemicals and high value-added fine organic chemical products (Wang Wei. Progress in the development of synthesis gas preparation from methane[J].Progress in Fine Petrochemicals,2006,7(7) :27-31). Therefore, the use of renewable biogas as a raw material instead of syngas can effectively reduce environmental pollution and the greenhouse effect. The development of an efficient catalyst that catalyzes the full-component conversion of biogas to syngas has far-reaching significance for my country's current national conditions.

In the catalytic biogas full-component conversion synthesis gas for the synthesis of biomethanol, noble metal catalysts such as (Pd and Pt) are currently widely used. The use of noble metals is costly and difficult to apply; therefore, the development of a low cost and stable performance , The catalyst with good catalytic effect has great application prospects.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages and deficiencies of the high cost of the noble metal catalyst used to catalyze the full-component conversion of biogas into synthesis gas for the synthesis of biomethanol and the difficulty in industrial application, and to provide a full-component biogas conversion perovskite Type catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam. The present invention uses SiC-Foam as a raw material to form a layer of SiO ₂ film on the SiC surface by calcination to obtain the carrier SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam; then uses LaNiO ₃ as the catalytically active component, and optimizes the loading and calcination conditions to make calcium The titanium ore-type LaNiO _{3 has} small particles, high dispersibility, and uniform dispersion, which avoids the problems of high-loaded nickel-based catalysts being easy to agglomerate at high temperatures and limited catalytic performance. Through further reduction treatment, Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam can be obtained. The nickel elements in Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam are precipitated according to the corresponding arrangement order and have high dispersibility and uniform distribution. , Stable performance, high conversion rate, can well catalyze the application of biogas full-component conversion synthesis gas for the synthesis of biomethanol.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam catalyst for biomethanol conversion of full-component biogas.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam in the preparation of biomethanol.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A biogas full-component conversion biomethanol catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam, LaNiO _{3 is} supported on the carrier SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam, and _{the loading amount of LaNiO 3} is 3 to 7%; the LaNiO ₃ /SiC -SiO ₂ -Foam is prepared by the following steps:

S1: calcining the SiC-Foam in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at _{900-1050°C for 2 to 4 hours to obtain SiC-SiO 2} -Foam;

S2: After dissolving the lanthanum source and the nickel source, adding SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam, pulverizing, adding a chelating agent, performing microwave treatment to obtain a gel, and drying to obtain a LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam perovskite precursor ；

S3: The LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam perovskite type precursor is calcined in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 700 to 800° C. for 4 to 6 hours to obtain the LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam.

Studies have shown that _{highly loaded nickel-based catalysts with SiO 2} as the carrier have the disadvantages of easy agglomeration at high temperatures and limited catalytic performance. In addition, conventional carriers in the industry may have cold spots due to uneven or instability of heat conduction. As a result, the active components on the carrier are affected due to temperature differences or cause large-area deactivation due to heat conduction problems. Therefore, the present invention optimizes the highly loaded nickel-based catalyst from both the support and the catalyst active components.

On the one hand, the present invention uses SiC-Foam, which has a three-position pore-like structure and has a strong binding force and anti-cold spot effect, as the main body of the carrier. Through high-temperature calcination, the surface of silicon carbide SiC is oxidized to form a layer of SiO ₂ film, and silicon carbide has thermal conductivity. Uniform heat conduction and high efficiency. At the same time, the formed SiO ₂ film can increase the interaction between the active component and the carrier, thereby solving the cold spot problem and the activity problem and promoting the problems encountered in the catalytic reaction process and the catalytic activity problem.

On the other hand, the present invention uses LaNiO ₃ as the active ingredient, which has a perovskite-type unit cell structure, and all the nickel and lanthanum elements are arranged in a certain regular order. At the same time, the reduction of hydrogen makes _{the nickel element in the perovskite LaNiO 3} precipitate in an orderly manner, which makes the nickel particles smaller, high dispersibility, and uniform dispersion, avoiding the easy agglomeration of high-load nickel-based catalysts at high temperatures and limited catalytic performance problem.

_{The surface elements of the LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO ₂ -Fiber catalyst prepared by the invention are arranged in the order of the perovskite type unit cell, and then reduced by hydrogen to obtain Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO _2- The nickel element in Foam, Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam is precipitated according to the corresponding arrangement sequence. It has high dispersion, uniform distribution, stable performance, high conversion rate, and can well catalyze the conversion of biogas into synthesis gas. For applications in the synthesis of biomethanol. The preparation method of the present invention has simple process, low cost, and is easy for industrialized promotion and production.

The amount of nickel source, lanthanum source and SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam can be adjusted and selected _{according to the loading of LaNiO 3.}

The loading of LaNiO ₃ has a certain effect on the performance of the catalyst. For example, if the loading is too low, _{the sparse LaNiO 3} distribution cannot achieve the synergistic effect of La and Ni; if the loading is too high, the LaNiO ₃ unit cell is distributed too tightly after reduction. Because the nickel element is too close, it is easy to agglomerate. By optimizing the loading conditions, the catalytic activity _{of LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO _{2 -Foam can be further improved.}

It should be understood that the loading refers to the mass fraction _{of the catalytically active component LaNiO 3} in the entire LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO _{2 -Foam catalyst.}

Preferably, the _{loading amount of LaNiO 3} is 5%.

Preferably, the calcination temperature in S1 is 1000° C., and the time is 3 h.

Preferably, the oxygen-containing atmosphere in S1 is an air atmosphere.

Preferably, the temperature is increased in S1 at a temperature increase rate of 3 to 5°C/min.

More preferably, the temperature is increased in S1 at a temperature increase rate of 5°C/min.

Both nickel and lanthanum sources conventional in the art can be used in the present invention.

Preferably, the nickel source in S2 is _{one or more of Ni(NO 3} ) ₂ or nickel acetate.

Preferably, the lanthanum source in S2 is _{one or more of La(NO 3} ) ₃ and lanthanum acetate.

Preferably, the chelating agent in S2 is one or more of citric acid and sodium hydroxide.

Preferably, the molar ratio of the nickel element in the S2 nickel source to the lanthanum element in the lanthanum source is 1:1.

Preferably, the molar ratio of the sum of the nickel element in the nickel source and the lanthanum element in the lanthanum source to citric acid in S2 is 1:1 to 1.5.

Preferably, the calcination temperature in S3 is 750°C and the time is 3h.

Preferably, the oxygen-containing atmosphere in S3 is an air atmosphere.

Preferably, the temperature is increased in S3 at a temperature increase rate of 3 to 5°C/min.

More preferably, the temperature is increased in S3 at a temperature increase rate of 5°C/min.

The present invention also claims a biogas full-component conversion biomethanol catalyst Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam, which is prepared by the following process: the above LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam is placed in a hydrogen atmosphere of 750 The reduction treatment is performed at ~850°C to obtain the Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam.

LaNiO ₃ itself is not catalytically active. The formation of LaNiO ₃ structure can make nickel and lanthanum more orderly distribution and form a uniform and orderly whole. After LaNiO ₃ is reduced by hydrogen to metallic nickel (the reduction is Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam) has catalytic activity, the distribution of nickel reduced by the unit cell structure is more standardized and orderly, and the distance between each other is almost a fixed value, so that the nickel element can be more fully catalyzed The activity, while improving the catalytic activity, will not be affected by other factors such as agglomeration and carbon deposition.

Preferably, the temperature of the reduction is 800°C, and the time of the reduction is 2h.

The application of the aforementioned Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam in the preparation of biomethanol is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Preferably, the application of the Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam in catalyzing full-component biogas conversion to synthesis gas.

Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam can catalyze the conversion of biogas into synthesis gas (CO and H ₂ ), which can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of synthetic biofuel methanol.

In general, the temperature of Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam when catalyzing biogas is 750-950°C (normal pressure), among which 950°C is the best.

The dosage of Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam is 0.2 g when the catalytic biogas flow rate is 80 mL/min.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The present invention uses SiC-Foam as a raw material to form a layer of SiO ₂ film on the SiC surface by calcination to obtain the carrier SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam; then uses LaNiO ₃ as the catalytically active component, and optimizes the loading and calcination conditions to make calcium The titanium ore-type LaNiO _{3 has} small particles, high dispersibility and uniform dispersion, which avoids the problems of high-loaded nickel-based catalysts being easy to agglomerate at high temperatures and limited catalytic performance; through further reduction treatment, Ni-La ₂ O ₃ / Nickel elements in SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam, Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam are precipitated according to the corresponding arrangement sequence. High dispersion, uniform distribution, stable performance, high conversion rate, can well catalyze biogas Component conversion synthesis gas is used in the application of biomethanol synthesis reaction.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is the XRD pattern of the _{perovskite catalyst LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO _{2 -Foam;}

Figure 2 is a graph showing the conversion rates of methane and carbon dioxide in the reaction products of Examples 1, 3 and 5;

Figure 3 is a graph showing the conversion rate of methane and carbon dioxide in the reaction product of precious metal catalyzed biogas.

detailed description

The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with examples. These examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods that do not specify specific conditions in the examples below usually follow the conventional conditions in the field or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer; the raw materials, reagents, etc. used, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available from the conventional market and other commercial channels. Raw materials and reagents obtained. Any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Examples 1 to 5

This embodiment provides a series of perovskite-type catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam prepared by the following method.

1) Preparation of SiC-SiO _{2 -Foam}

The SiC-Foam was calcined at 1000°C for 3h in an air atmosphere to obtain SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam.

2) _{Preparation of LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam perovskite catalyst precursor

Ni(NO ₃ ) ₂ and La(NO ₃ ) ₃ were dissolved in 30 mL of deionized water with the corresponding loading amount and continuously stirred, and at the same time, the corresponding amount of treated SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam was added. After placing the solution in a cell wall breaking and pulverizer for 30 minutes, citric acid with the same molar amount as nitrate was added, and treated under microwave conditions for 30 minutes to form a green sol-gel. The gel was dried overnight at 110°C to obtain LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam perovskite type precursor. Wash the LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam perovskite type precursor with water 3 to 4 times, make the filtrate neutral, wash with ethanol three times, and dry it in an oven at 35°C for 8 hours to obtain LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam perovskite-type precursor solid.

The specific addition amount is shown in Table 1 (LaNiO ₃ loading amount=LaNiO ₃ /(LaNiO ₃ mass+SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam mass)).

Table 1 Perovskite catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam and its dosage control in Examples 1 to 5

3) Preparation of perovskite catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam

The obtained LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam perovskite-type precursor is prepared by calcining in a muffle furnace under air atmosphere. The heating rate of the calcination is 5°C per minute, the temperature is increased to 800°C, and the calcination is performed for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the obtained solid was added to water, stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 600 r/min for 8 hours, filtered, and washed with ethanol 3 times. Put it in a 35°C oven and dry for 3 hours to obtain a perovskite catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam.

Example 6

This embodiment provides a perovskite-type catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam, and its preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 3. The difference is that step 1) of this embodiment is calcination to prepare SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam , The calcination temperature is 900℃, the calcination time is 2h; step 3) when preparing LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam, the calcination temperature rise rate is 3℃ per minute, the calcination temperature is 700℃, and the time is 4h .

Example 7

This embodiment provides a perovskite-type catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam, and its preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 3. The difference is that step 1) of this embodiment is calcination to prepare SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam , The calcination temperature is 1050℃, and the calcination time is 4h; step 3) When preparing LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam, the heating rate of calcination is 3℃ per minute, the calcination temperature is 800℃, and the time is 6h .

Performance Testing

(1) Characterization

The following means were used to characterize the catalysts prepared in the foregoing examples.

1) X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD): as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 shows the XRD of the _{perovskite catalyst LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam obtained in Examples 1 to 5. The figure shows the loading of LaNiO _{3 in the perovskite catalyst LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO _{2 -Foam} In the case of the quantity ratio, their diffraction peaks are consistent with those of SiC. The XRD patterns of different LaNiO ₃ loadings in the perovskite-type catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam are listed, and the main diffraction peaks of _{LaNiO 3 can be obtained.}

Catalytic activity

_{Put 0.2 g of the perovskite catalyst LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO2-Foam obtained in Examples 1, 3 and 5 into the reactor respectively. First use nitrogen to aerate 5-6 times to exhaust the air in the reactor, and then pass in 5% hydrogen after in-situ reduction (1～3h at 750～850℃, specifically, reduction at 800℃ for 2h, after reduction, Ni is obtained -La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam), then the temperature is raised to 800°C to react, and the gas is recovered after the reaction is stable. The gas produced is detected by gas chromatography, and the test results are shown in Figure 2.

Generally speaking, the conversion of full-component biogas to syngas is mainly the conversion of methane and carbon dioxide. The lower the content of methane and carbon dioxide after the reaction, the higher the catalytic activity.

It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the perovskite catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam catalyzes the conversion of biogas to synthesis gas. From the catalytic effects of Examples 1, 3 and 5, it can be seen that different loading ratios have different catalytic effects at different temperatures. When the loading is 3wt%, the conversion rate gradually increases, and the conversion rate gradually increases as the temperature increases. increase. When the loading is 5 wt%, the conversion rate in the reaction product reaches the maximum at 950°C, and the conversion rate is the maximum at the ratio of 5 wt% at 800 and 850. With the _{different loading of LaNiO 3} , the active sites of the formed crystals are different, and the specific surface also changes. When LaNiO ₃ reaches a certain level, the active sites of the formed crystals reach the optimum, thereby producing the best catalytic effect.

In addition, taking the LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam provided in Example 3 as an example, it is compared with Pd and Pt precious metal catalysts. For example, the document F. Aldoghachi, U. Rashid, TYYun, Rsc Advances 6 (2016) 10372-10384. It is disclosed that four noble metal catalysts (as shown in Table 2) catalyze the full-component conversion of biogas to produce synthesis gas at the same 900°C. The test results, as shown in Figure 3 (((1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively represent (1) Pt, Pd, Ni/MgO, (2) Pt, Pd, Ni/Mg _0.97 Ce _0.03 ³⁺ O, (3 ) Pt, Pd, Ni/Mg _0.93 Ce _0.07 ³⁺ O and (4) Pt, Pd, Ni/Mg _0.85 Ce _0.15 ³⁺ O)).

Table 2 The size and composition of four noble metal noble metal catalysts

It can be seen from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 that the conversion rate of methane and the precious metal-containing Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO _{2 -Fiber obtained by reducing the LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO _{2 -Fiber provided by the present application at 900 ℃} The conversion rate of the catalyst is similar, which can also prove that the catalyst is a promising development direction in the future.

It can be seen from the above that the catalyst provided by the present invention has a high conversion rate, and can well catalyze the application of the biogas full-component conversion synthesis gas for the synthesis of biomethanol.

The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, etc. made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention Simplified, all should be equivalent replacement methods, and they are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A biogas full-component conversion biomethanol catalyst LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam is characterized in that:

   LaNiO _{3 is} supported on the carrier SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam, and _{the loading amount of LaNiO 3} is 3 to 7%; the LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam is prepared by the following steps:

   S1: calcining the SiC-Foam in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at _{900-1050°C for 2 to 4 hours to obtain SiC-SiO 2} -Foam;

   S2: After dissolving the lanthanum source and the nickel source, adding SiC-SiO _2- Foam, pulverizing, adding a chelating agent, performing microwave treatment to obtain a gel, and drying to obtain a LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam perovskite precursor ；

   S3: The LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam perovskite type precursor is calcined in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 700 to 800° C. for 4 to 6 hours to obtain the LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam.
2. _{The LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam according to claim 1, wherein the loading amount of _{LaNiO 3 is 5%.}
3. _{The LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam according to claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature in S1 is 1000° C. and the time is 3 hours; and the oxygen-containing atmosphere in S1 is an air atmosphere.
4. _{The LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam according to claim 1, wherein the nickel source in S2 is _{one or more of Ni(NO 3} ) ₂ or nickel acetate; the lanthanum source in S2 It is one or more of La(NO ₃ ) ₃ or nickel acetate; the chelating agent in S2 is one or more of citric acid, sodium hydroxide or isopropanol.
5. _{The LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the nickel element in the S2 nickel source to the lanthanum element in the lanthanum source is 1:1.
6. _{The LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the sum of the nickel element in the nickel source and the lanthanum element in the lanthanum source and the citric acid in S2 is 1:1 to 1.5.
7. _{The LaNiO 3} /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam according to claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature in S3 is 750° C. and the time is 3 hours; and the oxygen-containing atmosphere in S3 is an air atmosphere.
8. A biogas full-component conversion biomethanol catalyst Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam is characterized in that it is prepared through the following process: the LaNiO ₃ /SiC-SiO described in any one of claims 1-7 _{The 2-} Foam is subjected to reduction treatment at 750-850°C in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam.
9. The Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the reduction is 800° C., and the time of the reduction is 2 h.
10. The use of the Ni-La ₂ O ₃ /SiC-SiO ₂ -Foam of any one of claims 8-9 in the preparation of biomethanol.

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