WO2021031729A1 - 换流阀 - Google Patents

换流阀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021031729A1
WO2021031729A1 PCT/CN2020/100693 CN2020100693W WO2021031729A1 WO 2021031729 A1 WO2021031729 A1 WO 2021031729A1 CN 2020100693 W CN2020100693 W CN 2020100693W WO 2021031729 A1 WO2021031729 A1 WO 2021031729A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
converter valve
converter
layers
layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/100693
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张翔
刘磊
谢鸟龙
张子敬
方太勋
杨启
顾杰
Original Assignee
南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司
南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
常州博瑞电力自动化设备有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司, 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司, 常州博瑞电力自动化设备有限公司 filed Critical 南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司
Priority to KR1020227008571A priority Critical patent/KR102664034B1/ko
Priority to BR112022002791A priority patent/BR112022002791A2/pt
Publication of WO2021031729A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021031729A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
    • H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of power electronics and power systems, and in particular to a converter valve.
  • the converter valve is a key component of high-voltage direct current transmission. In order to achieve high-voltage turn-on and turn-off control, it usually requires tens or even hundreds of power electronic devices in series.
  • the series-connected power electronic devices are respectively contained in a plurality of series-connected valve modules, and each valve module contains a plurality of series-connected power electronic devices. Multiple valve modules are distributed in multiple layers in space, and each layer is the valve layer of the converter valve. Multiple converter valve valve layers constitute the converter valve.
  • the inventor of the present application found that the volume of the existing converter valve is too large, and the support installation is not compatible with the suspension installation.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a converter valve, including an electrical connector and at least two converter valve valve layers, wherein: the at least two converter valve valve layers are stacked on top of each other and pass through the electrical The connecting pieces are connected in series; the two ends of the electric connecting piece are respectively electrically connected to the diagonal positions of two adjacent valve layers of the at least two valve layers.
  • the converter valve built according to the above connection method because the voltage difference between the valve modules contained in it is relatively small, the safety distance can be made relatively small, and the volume of the entire converter valve can be made relatively large small.
  • the converter valve may further include: a shielding connection terminal adjacent to the last stage of the at least two converter valve valve layers to provide electromagnetic shielding, and the shielding connection terminal One of the at least two terminals is electrically connected to the last stage of the converter valve layer, wherein the terminal is not electrically connected to the electrical connector.
  • the shielding terminal can be used as a lead-out terminal while providing electromagnetic shielding.
  • the use of shielded terminal blocks can save one component for the inverter. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the volume while saving costs.
  • the converter valve may further include: a pressure-resistant insulator, which is insulated and supported between the two adjacent converter valve valve layers.
  • the converter valve may further include a tensile insulator, which is insulated between the two adjacent converter valve valve layers.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the valve layers of the converter valve in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the connection between the valve layers of the converter valve in the converter valve according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of connections between valve layers of a converter valve in a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the connection of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 shows a partial structural diagram of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 shows a partial structural diagram of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the valve layers of a converter valve in the prior art.
  • the converter valve 1000 includes; two converter valve valve layers 11 and 12 and an electrical connector 13.
  • 111 and 112 are the two ends of the converter valve valve layer 11, and 121 and 122 are converter valves Both ends of the valve layer 12.
  • the electrical connector 13 is electrically connected between the two ends 112 and 122 of the flow valve layer 11 and 12 in the same direction. The direction of the current is shown by the arrow.
  • the voltage at both ends of the converter valve layer 11 and the voltage at both ends of the converter valve layer 12 are both U.
  • the voltage between the end 111 of the converter valve layer 11 and the end 121 of the converter valve layer 12 is 2U.
  • the distance between the converter valve layer 11 and the converter valve layer 12 is at least 2d.
  • the inventor of the present application found that the voltage difference between the valve layers of the U-shaped converter valve is relatively large. Since the safety distance is proportional to the voltage difference, the large voltage difference between the valve layers of the U-shaped connection causes the safety distance between the valve layers of the converter valve to be relatively large, which in turn causes the volume of the converter valve relatively bigger.
  • the converter valve tower has two structures: suspended type and supported type.
  • the suspension type valve tower adopts a flexible connection between the layers, usually a suspension insulator and a rotating hinge.
  • the rotating hinge makes the interlayer suspension insulator not bear excessive stress. It is damaged by shearing force and has good seismic performance.
  • Supported valve towers are fixedly connected by supporting insulators between layers, and the valve tower is fixed to the ground installation base through the supporting insulators.
  • the suspension type is usually used, and the DC transmission voltage is less than ⁇ 500kV. According to the needs of the project, either the suspension type or the support type can be used.
  • this application proposes a technical solution for a converter valve, which includes at least two converter valve valve layers and at least one electrical connector.
  • the at least two converter valve valve layers are stacked on top of each other; adjacent ones of the at least two converter valve valve layers are electrically connected in series in a diagonal manner through one of the at least one electrical connector .
  • the electrical connection is established at the diagonal ends of the adjacent converter valve valve layers through the electrical connector, so that the voltage difference between the points in the adjacent converter valve valve layers can be balanced, thereby reducing the adjacent converter valve valve layers.
  • the voltage difference between the two points with the highest pressure difference between the valve layers of the converter valve is established.
  • a smaller interlayer spacing can be used to meet the requirements of the converter valve for the safety distance, so that the volume of the converter valve can be relatively small.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the connection between the valve layers of the converter valve in the converter valve according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the converter valve 2000 may include: two stacked converter valve layers 21 and 22 and an electrical connector 23.
  • 211 and 212 are the two ends of the converter valve layer 21, and 221 and 222 are The two ends of the valve layer 22 of the converter valve.
  • the electrical connector 23 is electrically connected between the two diagonal ends 212 and 221 of the flow valve layers 21 and 22. The direction of the current can be as indicated by the arrow.
  • the voltage at both ends of the converter valve layer 21 and the voltage at both ends of the converter valve layer 22 are both U.
  • the two diagonal ends 212 and 221 of the converter valve layers 21 and 22 are equipotential, so the voltage between the end 211 of the converter valve layer 21 and the end 212 of the converter valve layer 22 is U , The voltage between the end 212 of the converter valve layer 21 and the end 222 of the converter valve layer 22 is U, both of which are less than 2U. Therefore, the safety distance between the converter valve layer 21 and the converter valve layer 22 can be less than 2d.
  • both ends of the electrical connector 23 may also be electrically connected to the end 211 of the converter valve valve layer 21 and the end 222 of the converter valve valve layer 22 respectively.
  • the end 211 may include the point A of the converter valve layer 21, may also include the point B of the flow valve layer 21, and may also include any point between the line segments AB. Further, the end 211 may also include a point on the converter valve layer 21 that is close to the line segment AB.
  • the electrical connector 23 can be electrically connected to point A of the converter valve layer 21, or can be electrically connected to the point B of the converter valve layer 21, and can also be electrically connected to the line segment AB. Any point in time. Further, the electrical connector 23 may be electrically connected to a point on the valve layer 21 of the converter valve which is close to the line segment AB.
  • the end 221 may include point C of the valve layer 22 of the converter valve, or point D of the valve layer 22 of the converter valve, and may also include the point on the valve layer 22 of the converter valve. Any point between the line segments CD. Further, the end 221 may also include a point of the converter valve layer 22 adjacent to the line segment CD.
  • the electrical connector 23 may be electrically connected to the point C of the valve layer 22 of the converter valve, or may be electrically connected to the point D of the valve layer 22 of the converter valve. It can also be electrically connected to the converter valve layer 22 and any point between CD. Further, the electrical connector 23 may be electrically connected to a point of the converter valve layer 22 that is close to the line segment CD.
  • the converter valve valve layer 21 and the converter valve valve layer 22 are arranged in parallel.
  • At least one of the converter valve valve layer 21 and the converter valve valve layer 22 may include at least two terminals, a high-pressure end and a low-pressure end, respectively.
  • end 211 and the end 221 may be provided with a high-pressure end, and the end 212 and the end 222 may be provided with a low-pressure end; optionally, the end 211 and the end 221 may also be provided with a low-pressure end, and the end 212 and the end 222 may be provided with a high-pressure end.
  • both ends of the electrical connector 23 are electrically connected to the terminals of the terminal 221 and the terminal 212 respectively.
  • the converter valve 2000 may include three or more than three converter valve valve layers. Further, at least a pair of adjacent converter valve valve layers among the three or more converter valve valve layers are connected in series in a diagonal manner by electrical connectors.
  • an electrical connection is established at the diagonal ends of adjacent converter valve valve layers through electrical connectors, which can equalize the voltage difference between the points in the adjacent converter valve valve layers, thereby reducing adjacent converter valve layers.
  • the voltage difference between the two points with the highest pressure difference between the valve layers of the flow valve can be used to meet the requirements of the converter valve for the safety distance, so that the volume of the converter valve can be relatively small.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of connections between valve layers of a converter valve in a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the converter valve 3000 includes: a converter valve valve layer 31, a converter valve valve layer 32, and an electrical connector 33 (not shown). among them:
  • the converter valve layer 31 includes: two valve modules 311 and 312 connected in series, and a connector 313 electrically connected between the valve modules 311 and 312.
  • the converter valve valve layer 32 includes: two valve modules 321 and 322 connected in series, and a connector 323 electrically connected between the valve modules 321 and 322.
  • the electrical connector 33 includes: a rigid conductive part 331, a supporting insulating ring 332 and a soft metal bus 333.
  • the rigid conductive part 331 is electrically connected to the valve module 312.
  • the soft metal busbar 333 is a flexible structure and is electrically connected between the rigid conductive portion 331 and the valve module 321.
  • the supporting insulating ring 332 is insulated and supported between the rigid conductive portion 331 and the valve module 321.
  • the supporting insulating ring 332 and the metal soft busbar 333 constitute a flexible connection part.
  • Two ends of the electrical connection member 33 are electrically connected to the diagonal ends (not shown) of the converter valve valve layer 31 and the converter valve valve layer 32 respectively.
  • valve module 311 and the valve module 321 are stacked, and the valve module 312 and the valve module 322 are stacked.
  • a gap 35 is provided between the stacked valve modules 311 and 321 and the stacked valve modules 312 and 322.
  • Two ends of the electrical connector 33 are respectively electrically connected to the diagonal ends (not shown) of the valve module 312 and the valve module 321, and the electrical connector 33 is disposed in the gap 35.
  • the rigid conductive portion 331 is a rigid metal conductor.
  • the rigid conductive portion 331 may include a straight rod-shaped structure (not shown).
  • the converter valve 3000 may also include other forms of flexible connecting parts connected between the rigid conductive part 331 and the converter valve valve layer 32.
  • the electrical connector 33 and the converter valve valve layer 31 may also include a flexible connection portion, and are directly electrically connected to the converter valve valve layer 32. Further, the electrical connection member 33 may also include flexible connection parts at both ends.
  • the converter valve valve layer 31 and/or the converter valve valve layer 32 may also include three or more valve modules connected in series.
  • the converter valve 3000 may also include three or more than three converter valve valve layers connected in series. Further, at least a pair of adjacent converter valve valve layers in the three or more converter valve valve layers are connected by an electrical connector, and both ends of the electrical connector are electrically connected to the two adjacent converter valve layers. Diagonal end of the valve layer of the flow valve.
  • the converter valve 3000 may include an insulator 34.
  • the insulator 34 is insulated and supported between the valve module 312 and the valve module 321.
  • the converter valve 3000 is a further refinement on the basis of the converter valve 2000.
  • the electrical connection is arranged in the gap. This design can further reduce the volume of the converter valve.
  • the rigid direct connection of the electrical connectors can further reduce the distance between the valve layers of the converter valve and reduce the volume of the converter valve.
  • arranging the flexible connecting part at the end of the rigid and straight-connected electrical connector can reduce the difficulty of installation and reduce the stress caused by the heating of the electrical connector.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the converter valve 4000 includes: a converter valve valve layer 41 (not shown) and a shielding terminal 421. among them:
  • the converter valve layer 41 is the last stage of at least two converter valve valve layers (not shown) connected in series.
  • the shield connection terminal 421 is electrically connected to the converter valve valve layer 41.
  • the shield connection terminal 421 provides electromagnetic shielding for the converter valve 4000 and also serves as the outlet terminal of the valve layer 41 of the converter valve.
  • the converter valve valve layer 41 may include: a valve module 411, a valve module 412 and a connector 413. Among them, the valve module 411 and the valve module 412 are connected in series via a connector 413. Two ends of the connecting piece 413 are electrically connected to the low pressure end 4112 of the valve module 411 and the high pressure end of the valve module 4121 respectively.
  • the high pressure end 4111 of the valve module 411 is also the outlet end of the valve layer 41 of the converter valve.
  • the high-voltage terminal 4111 is electrically connected to the shield connection terminal 421.
  • the converter valve 4000 may include an insulator 44.
  • the insulator 44 is insulated and supported between the shield connection terminal 421 and the valve module 411.
  • the converter valve 4000 may further include a pressure equalizing ring 422 disposed above the valve module 412.
  • the equalizing ring 422 provides electromagnetic shielding for the converter valve 4000.
  • the shielding terminal 421 and/or the equalizing ring 422 are semi-annular.
  • the converter valve layer 41 can be arranged on the uppermost part of the aforementioned at least two converter valve valve layers, while the shielding terminal 421 and the pressure equalizing ring 422 are arranged on the converter valve valve layer 41.
  • the converter valve valve layer 41 can also be arranged at the lowermost part of the aforementioned at least two converter valve valve layers, while the shielding terminal 421 and the pressure equalizing ring 422 are arranged below the converter valve valve layer 41.
  • the converter valve 4000 may include a lightning arrester 43. Two ends of the arrester 43 are electrically connected to the shield connection terminal 421 and the low voltage end 4122 of the valve module 412, respectively.
  • the shielding terminal can be used to simultaneously realize the functions of electromagnetic shielding and lead wire connection, which can save a component for the converter valve, thereby reducing the volume of the converter valve.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the connection of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the converter valve 5000 includes: a converter valve valve layer 511, a converter valve valve layer 512, an electrical connector 52 and a lightning arrester 53. among them:
  • the converter valve valve layer 511 and the converter valve valve layer 512 are connected in series by an electrical connector 52. Two ends of the electrical connector 52 are electrically connected to the diagonal ends of the converter valve valve layer 511 and the converter valve valve layer 512 respectively.
  • the arrester 53 is arranged on one side of the converter valve 5000 in parallel with the converter valve valve layer 512.
  • the lightning arrester 53 is in an open-circuit state under normal conditions, but in a transient overvoltage state, it can be quickly turned on and absorb energy to protect the electronic devices in the converter valve layer 512 from damage.
  • the converter valve 5000 further includes a lightning arrester 532 (not shown) in parallel with the converter valve valve layer 511. Protect the electronic devices in the valve layer 511 of the converter valve.
  • the converter valve 5000 may also include three or more converter valve layers, and three or more arresters are connected in parallel with the three or more converter valve layers.
  • Fig. 6 shows a partial structural diagram of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the converter valve 6000 includes: a converter valve valve layer 611, a converter valve valve layer 612, and a pressure-resistant insulator 631.
  • the pressure-resistant insulator 631 is insulated and supported between the converter valve valve layer 611 and the converter valve valve layer 612.
  • the converter valve 6000 may further include: platform-type fittings 632 and 633 and a transition support structure 634. Among them, the platform fittings 632 and 633 are crimped on both ends of the pressure-resistant insulator 631.
  • the transfer support structure 634 is connected with the platform fitting 633 and connected with the valve layer 612 of the converter valve.
  • a hole structure (not shown) is provided in the vertical direction of the transition support structure 634, and the hole structure can be used to connect with the converter valve layer 612 by thread.
  • the hole structure is larger than the thread.
  • the transition support structure 634 may be an I-shaped structure.
  • a transition support structure may also be included between the converter valve layer 611 and the platform fitting 632.
  • the converter valve 6000 may include three or more than three converter valve valve layers, and a pressure-resistant insulator is arranged between two adjacent converter valve valve layers.
  • the support installation of the converter valve can be realized by using the pressure-resistant insulator, the platform type fittings and the transfer support structure.
  • the converter valve 6000 can be formed by adding a few accessories on the basis of the converter valve 2000-5000.
  • Fig. 7 shows a partial structural diagram of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the converter valve 7000 includes: a converter valve valve layer 711, a converter valve valve layer 712 and a tensile insulator 731.
  • the tensile insulator 731 is insulated and pulled between the converter valve valve layer 711 and the converter valve valve layer 712.
  • the converter valve 7000 may further include: ring fittings 732 and 733 and lifting lugs 734 and 735. among them:
  • the ring fittings 732 and 733 are crimped on both ends of the tensile insulator 731.
  • the ring fitting 732 includes a hole structure 7321, and the ring fitting 733 also includes a hole structure 7331.
  • the lifting lugs 734 are fixed on the valve layer 711 of the converter valve and connected with the hole structure 7321 in cooperation.
  • And 735 are fixed to the valve layer 712 of the converter valve and connected with the hole structure 7331 in cooperation.
  • the converter valve 7000 may include three or more than three converter valve valve layers, and a tensile insulator is provided between every two adjacent converter valve valve layers.
  • the suspension installation of the converter valve can be realized through the tensile insulator, ring fittings and lifting lugs.
  • the converter valve 7000 can be formed by adding a few accessories on the basis of the converter valve 2000-5000.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the converter valve 8000 class includes: three converter valve valve layers 811 (not shown), 812 (not shown), and 812 (not shown) that are stacked.
  • Each valve layer of the converter valve is composed of two valve modules connected in series.
  • the flow valve valve layer 811 is composed of valve modules 8111 and 8112
  • the converter valve valve layer 812 is composed of valve modules 8121 and 8122
  • the converter valve valve layer 813 is composed of valve modules 8131 and 8132.
  • the valve modules 8111, 8121, and 8131 are stacked and the valve modules 8112, 8122, and 8132 are stacked.
  • adjacent converter valve valve layers can be connected in series in a diagonal manner by electrical connectors.
  • the converter valve valve layers 811 and 812 may be connected in series in a diagonal manner by the electrical connector 821
  • the converter valve valve layers 812 and 813 may be connected in series in a diagonal manner by the electrical connector 822.
  • the converter valve 8000 may also include multiple water pipes, such as water pipes 831, 832, 833, and 844 in the figure.
  • the multiple water pipes can be divided into water inlet pipes and water outlet pipes, which are connected to a cooling system (not shown) on each valve module.
  • the inlet pipe inputs the cold medium to the cooling system, and the outlet pipe discharges the cold medium after heat exchange.
  • At least one of the plurality of water pipes includes a plurality of S-bend structures or spiral structures.
  • the converter valve 8000 may further include a plurality of insulating rods, such as the insulating rod 851 in FIG. 8.
  • the two ends of the insulating pull rod 851 are respectively connected to the valve module 8132 and the water pipe 834, and can be used to fix the water pipe 834.
  • the end of the insulating pull rod 851 may be provided with an insulating pull ring (not shown), which is sleeved on the water pipe 834.
  • the converter valve 8000 may further include multiple optical cables, such as the optical cables 841, 842, 843 and 844 in FIG. 8.
  • the multiple optical cables are respectively connected with multiple valve modules to transmit communication information.
  • At least one of the plurality of optical cables includes a plurality of S-bend structures or spiral structures.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of a converter valve according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the converter valve 9000 may include multiple converter valve valve layers, such as 911, 912, 913 and 914 in FIG. 9, and two frame layers: a top frame layer 921 and a bottom frame layer 922. Each two adjacent layers of the above layers can be connected by multiple insulators, such as 971 in FIG. 9.
  • the top frame layer may include a shield connection terminal 9211 and a pressure equalizing ring 922.
  • the bottom frame layer manifold 961, the manifold 9611 may be provided with a water leakage detector 9611.
  • the converter valve 9000 may also include multiple lightning arresters connected in parallel with multiple converter valve valve layers, respectively.
  • the multiple arresters are 931, 932, 933, and 934 as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the multiple lightning arresters can be insulated and supported by the insulator 972.
  • the converter valve 9000 may also include multiple spiral-shaped water pipes, such as 941; and multiple spiral-shaped optical cables, such as 951.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种换流阀，包括至少两个换流阀阀层和至少一个电连接件，其中：所述至少两个换流阀阀层彼此层叠设置；所述至少两个换流阀阀层中的相邻换流阀阀层通过所述至少一个电连接件之一以对角方式串联电连接。

Description

换流阀 技术领域
本申请涉及电力电子与电力系统技术领域，特别涉及一种换流阀。
背景技术
换流阀是高压直流输电的关键部件，为实现高电压的开通关断控制通常需要几十甚至近百级电力电子器件串联。串联的电力电子器件分别包含于多个串联连接的阀模块中，每个阀模块中包含多个串联连接的电力电子器件。多个阀模块分多层在空间中分布，每一层为换流阀阀层。多个换流阀阀层构成了换流阀。
本申请的发明人发现，现有的换流阀的体积偏大，且支撑安装与悬吊安装不能兼容。
发明内容
本申请的一个实施例提供了一种换流阀，包括电连接件和至少两个换流阀阀层，其中：所述至少两个换流阀阀层，彼此层叠设置，并通过所述电连接件串联连接；所述电连接件，两端分别电连接于所述至少两个换流阀阀层中的两个相邻换流阀阀层的对角位置。
利用按照上述连接方式搭建的换流阀，由于其所包含的阀模块之间的电压差相对较小，所以其安全距离就可以做得相对较小，整个换流阀体积就可以做得相对较小。
可选地，该换流阀还可以包括：屏蔽接线端子，邻近于所述至少两个换流阀阀层中的最后一级换流阀阀层，以提供电磁屏蔽，并且所述屏蔽接线端子与所述最后一级换流阀阀层的，所述至少两个接线端中的一个接线端电连接，其中所述接线端未与所述电连接件电连接。
屏蔽接线端子可以在提供电磁屏蔽的同时兼做引线接出端子。利用屏蔽接线端子可以为该换流器节约一个部件。因而，可以在缩小体积的同时 节约成本。
可选地，该换流阀还可以包括：抗压型绝缘子，绝缘支持于所述两个相邻换流阀阀层之间。
或者，该换流阀还可以包括：抗拉型绝缘子，绝缘牵拉与所述两个相邻换流阀阀层之间。
利用上述抗压型绝缘子和抗拉型绝缘子可以使得该换流阀在支撑式换流阀和悬吊式换流阀之间，相对容易地转换。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中换流阀的换流阀阀层之间的连接示意图。
图2示出根据本申请一实施例的换流阀中的换流阀阀层之间的连接示意图。
图3示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀中的换流阀阀层之间的连接示意图。
图4示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀的结构示意图。
图5示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀的连接示意图。
图6示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀的局部结构示意图。
图7示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀的局部结构示意图。
图8示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀的结构示意图。
图9示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
应当理解，本申请的权利要求、说明书及附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”和“第四”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。本申请的说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语“包括”和“包含”指示所描述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件的存在，但并不排除一个 或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素、组件和/或其集合的存在或添加。
还应当理解，在此本申请说明书中所使用的术语仅仅是出于描述特定实施例的目的，而并不意在限定本申请。如在本申请说明书和权利要求书中所使用的那样，除非上下文清楚地指明其它情况，否则单数形式的“一”、“一个”及“该”意在包括复数形式。还应当进一步理解，在本申请说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语“和/或”是指相关联列出的项中的一个或多个的任何组合以及所有可能组合，并且包括这些组合。
图1为现有技术中，换流阀阀层之间的连接示意图。如图1所示，换流阀1000，包括；两个换流阀阀层11和12以及电连接件13。111与112为换流阀阀层11的两端，121与122为换流阀阀层12的两端。电连接件13电连接于流阀阀层11和12同方向的两端112与122之间。电流方向如箭头所示。
假定换流阀阀层11与换流阀阀层12的电气特性和运行模式相同，换流阀阀层11的两端电压与换流阀阀层12的两端电压均为U。则显然换流阀阀层11的端111与换流阀阀层12的端121之间的电压为2U。假定电压U对应的安全距离为d，则换流阀阀层11与换流阀阀层12之间的距离至少为2d。
本申请的发明人发现，U型连接的换流阀阀层之间由于电压差相对较大。由于安全距离与电压差成正比，U型连接的换流阀阀层之间的较大电压差，导致了换流阀阀层之间的安全距离相对较大，进而造成了换流阀的体积相对较大。
此外，本申请的发明人发现，目前世界范围内已建成近百个直流输电工程，除了中国国内工程主要集中在2000年以后外，其余工程有近40个运行时间已超过20年，换流阀设备老化明显，改造需求激增。原有换流阀设备主要由ABB、Siemens及阿尔斯通等厂家提供。改造直流工程通常需要在现有阀厅中安装新制造的换流阀阀塔，阀厅长度、宽度和高度已经固定，因此新制造的换流阀必须足够紧凑才能够适应诸多工程现场。现有换流阀主要针对特高压直流工程电压等级高、输送容量大等特点研制，体积较大，无法满足国外直流工程的改造需求，在海外工程改造时兼容性较差、缺乏 优势。需要一种尺寸更小、结构更合理、通用性更强的紧凑型换流阀。
目前换流阀阀塔有两种结构：悬吊式和支撑式。悬吊式阀塔层间采用柔性连接，通常为悬吊绝缘子与旋转铰接，阀塔承受地震等外力作用时阀层之间可以相对摆动，旋转铰链使得层间悬吊绝缘子不至于承受过大的剪切力而损坏，抗震性能好；支撑式阀塔层间采用支撑绝缘子固定连接，阀塔再通过支撑绝缘子与地面安装底座固定。实际工程中当直流输电电压等级超过±500kV时通常采用悬吊式，直流输电电压低于±500kV根据工程需要即可以采用悬吊式也可以采用支撑式。然而国内外鲜有一种通用的换流阀设计方案能够兼容悬吊式与支撑式。
因此，本申请提出一种换流阀的技术方案，包括至少两个换流阀阀层和至少一个电连接件。所述至少两个换流阀阀层彼此层叠设置；所述至少两个换流阀阀层中的相邻换流阀阀层通过所述至少一个电连接件之一以对角方式串联电连接。
根据本申请的技术方案，通过电连接件在相邻换流阀阀层的对角端建立电连接，可以均衡相邻换流阀阀层中各点之间的电压差，从而可以降低相邻换流阀阀层之间压差最高的两点之间的电压差。进而可以利用更小的层间间距满足换流阀对安全距离的要求，使得上述换流阀的体积可以相对较小。
下面结合附图对本案所提出的技术方案作详细说明。
图2示出根据本申请一实施例的换流阀中的换流阀阀层之间的连接示意图。
如图2所示，换流阀2000可包括：层叠设置的两个换流阀阀层21和22以及电连接件23。211与212为换流阀阀层21的两端，221与222为换流阀阀层22的两端。电连接件23电连接于流阀阀层21和22对角的两端212与221之间。电流方向可如箭头所示。
假定换流阀阀层21与换流阀阀层22的电气特性和运行模式相同，换流阀阀层21的两端电压与换流阀阀层22的两端电压均为U。则显然，换流阀阀层21和22对角的两端212与221之间等电位，所以换流阀阀层21的端211与换流阀阀层22的端212之间的电压为U，换流阀阀层21的端 212与换流阀阀层22的端222之间的电压为U，均小于2U。所以换流阀阀层21与换流阀阀层22之间的安全距离可以小于2d。
可选地，电连接件23的两端也可以分别电连接于换流阀阀层21的端211和换流阀阀层22的端222。
如图2所示，可选地，端211可以包括换流阀阀层21的A点，也可以包括流阀阀层21的B点，还可以包括线段AB之间的任意一点。进一步地，端211还可以包括换流阀阀层21上临近于线段AB的点。
如图2所示，相应地，电连接件23可以电连接于换流阀阀层21的A点，也可以电连接于换流阀阀层21的B点，还可以电连接于线段AB之间的任意一点。进一步地，电连接件23可以电连接于换流阀阀层21上临近于线段AB的一点。
如图2所示，同理可选地，端221可以包括换流阀阀层22的C点，也可以包括换流阀阀层22的D点，还可以包括换流阀阀层22上，线段CD之间的任意一点。进一步地，端221还可以包括换流阀阀层22的临近于线段CD的点。
如图2所示，相应地，电连接件23可以电连接于换流阀阀层22的C点，也可以电连接于换流阀阀层22的D点。还可以电连接于换流阀阀层22上，CD之间的任意一点。进一步地，电连接件23可以电连接于换流阀阀层22的临近于线段CD的一点。
可选地，换流阀阀层21和换流阀阀层22平行设置。
可选地，换流阀阀层21和换流阀阀层22中的至少一个可以包括至少两个接线端，分别为高压端和低压端。
进一步地，端211与端221可以设置高压端，端212与端222可以设置低压端；可选地，端211与端221也可以设置低压端，端212与端222可以设置高压端。相应地，电连接件23的两端分别电连接于端221与端212的接线端。
可选地，换流阀2000可以包括三个或者三个以上换流阀阀层。进一步地，该三个或者三个以上换流阀阀层中至少一对相邻的换流阀阀层由电连接件以对角方式串联连接。
利用上述换流阀，通过电连接件在相邻换流阀阀层的对角端建立电连 接，可以均衡相邻换流阀阀层中各点之间的电压差，从而可以降低相邻换流阀阀层之间压差最高的两点之间的电压差。进而可以利用更小的层间间距满足换流阀对安全距离的要求，使得上述换流阀的体积可以相对较小。
图3示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀中的换流阀阀层之间的连接示意图。
如图3所示，换流阀3000包括：换流阀阀层31、换流阀阀层32和电连接件33(未示出)。其中：
换流阀阀层31包括：串联连接的两个阀模块311和312，以及电连接于阀模块311和312之间的连接件313。
换流阀阀层32包括：串联连接的两个阀模块321和322，以及电连接于阀模块321和322之间的连接件323。
电连接件33包括：刚性导电部331、支撑绝缘环332和金属软母排333。其中，刚性导电部331电连接于阀模块312。金属软母排333为柔性结构，电连接于刚性导电部331和阀模块321之间。支撑绝缘环332绝缘支撑于刚性导电部331和阀模块321之间。支撑绝缘环332和金属软母排333构成柔性连接部。
电连接件33的两端分别电连接于换流阀阀层31与换流阀阀层32的对角端(未示出)。
如图3所示，可选地，阀模块311与阀模块321层叠设置，阀模块312与阀模块322层叠设置。层叠设置的阀模块311和阀模块321与层叠设置的阀模块312和阀模块322之间设有空隙35。电连接件33的两端分别电连接于阀模块312与阀模块321的对角端(未示出)，且电连接件33设置于空隙35中。
如图3所示，可选地，刚性导电部331为刚性金属导体。可选地，刚性导电部331可以包括一段直杆状结构(未示出)。
如图3所示，可选地，换流阀3000也可以包括其他形式的柔性连接部连接于刚性导电部331和换流阀阀层32之间。
如图3所示，可选地，电连接件33与换流阀阀层31之间也可以包括柔性连接部，而与换流阀阀层32直接电连接。进一步地，电连接件33也 可以两端均包含柔性连接部。
如图3所示，可选地，换流阀阀层31和/或换流阀阀层32也可以包括串联连接的三个或者三个以上的阀模块。
可选地换流阀3000也可包括串联连接的三个或者三个以上换流阀阀层。进一步地，该三个或者三个以上换流阀阀层中至少一对相邻的换流阀阀层通过电连接件连接，该电连接件的两端分别电连接于该相邻两个换流阀阀层的对角端。
如图3所示，可选地，换流阀3000可以包括绝缘子34。其中，绝缘子34绝缘支持于阀模块312和阀模块321之间。
换流阀3000是在换流阀2000的基础上的一个进一步细化。在换流器2000的有益效果的基础上，由于每个换流阀阀层包括两个阀模块，且阀模块之间留有空隙，电连接件设置于该空隙中。该设计可以进一步降低换流阀的体积。同时，电连接件采用刚性直连接可以进一步缩小换流阀阀层之间的距离，缩小换流阀的体积。进一步地，在刚性直连接的电连接件的端部设置柔性连接部可以降低安装难度，和减少由于电连接件发热造成的应力。
图4示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀的结构示意图。
如图4所示，换流阀4000包括：换流阀阀层41(未示出)、屏蔽接线端子421。其中：
其中，换流阀阀层41为串联连接的至少两个换流阀阀层(未示出)中的最后一级。
屏蔽接线端子421与换流阀阀层41电连接。屏蔽接线端子421在为换流阀4000提供电磁屏蔽的同时还可以作为换流阀阀层41的出线端子。
如图4所示，可选地，换流阀阀层41可以包括：阀模块411、阀模块412和连接件413。其中，阀模块411、阀模块412通过连接件413串联连接。连接件413的两端分别电连接于阀模块411的低压端4112和阀模块4121的高压端。阀模块411的高压端4111，同时也是换流阀阀层41的出线端。高压端4111与屏蔽接线端子421电连接。
如图4所示，可选地，换流阀4000可以包括绝缘子44。绝缘子44绝 缘支持于屏蔽接线端子421和阀模块411之间。
如图4所示，可选地，换流阀4000还可以包括均压环422设置于阀模块412的上方。均压环422为换流阀4000提供电磁屏蔽。
如图4所示，可选地，屏蔽接线端子421和/或均压环422为半环状。
如图4所示，可选地，换流阀阀层41可以设置于前述至少两个换流阀阀层的最上部，同时屏蔽接线端子421和均压环422设置于换流阀阀层41的上方。可选地，换流阀阀层41还可以设置于前述至少两个换流阀阀层的最下部，同时屏蔽接线端子421和均压环422设置于换流阀阀层41的下方。
可选地，换流阀4000可以包括避雷器43。避雷器43的两端分别电连接于屏蔽接线端子421和阀模块412的低压端4122。
通过上述设计，利用屏蔽接线端子同时实现电磁屏蔽和引线接出的功能，可以为换流阀节约一个部件，从而可以缩小换流阀的体积。
图5示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀的连接示意图。
如图5所示，换流阀5000包括：换流阀阀层511、换流阀阀层512、电连接件52和避雷器53。其中：
换流阀阀层511和换流阀阀层512通过电连接件52串联连接。电连接件52的两端分别电连接于换流阀阀层511和换流阀阀层512的对角端。
避雷器53，设置于换流阀5000的一侧与换流阀阀层512并联。
可选地，避雷器53常态下处于开路状态，而在瞬时过电压状态下，可以迅速导通，并吸收能量，保护换流阀阀层512中的电子器件不受损坏。
可选地，换流阀5000还包括避雷器532(未示出)与换流阀阀层511并联。保护换流阀阀层511中的电子器件。
进一步地，换流阀5000还可以包括三个或者三个以上的换流阀阀层，以及三个或者三个以上避雷器与该三个或者三个以上的换流阀阀层并联。
图6示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀的局部结构示意图。
如图6所示换流阀6000包括：换流阀阀层611、换流阀阀层612、抗压型绝缘子631。其中，抗压型绝缘子631绝缘支持于换流阀阀层611、换流阀阀层612之间。
如图6所示，换流阀6000还可以包括：平台型金具632和633以及转接支撑结构634。其中，平台型金具632和633压接于抗压型绝缘子631的两端。转接支撑结构634与平台型金具633连接，并与换流阀阀层612连接。
可选地，转接支撑结构634的垂直方向设有孔结构(未示出)，利用该孔结构可以与换流阀阀层612利用螺纹连接。可选的，该孔结构大于该螺纹，利用此特征可以在安装时，调整换流阀阀层612与抗压型绝缘子631之间的水平相对位置，便于换流阀6000的安装。
可选地，转接支撑结构634可以为工字形结构。
可选地，在换流阀阀层611与平台型金具632之间也可以包括转接支撑结构。
可选地，换流阀6000可以包括三个或者三个以上换流阀阀层，且在相邻的两个换流阀阀层之间设置抗压型绝缘子。
通过上述换流阀，利用抗压型绝缘子、平台型金具以及转接支撑结构可以实现换流阀的支撑安装。换流阀6000可以在换流阀2000-5000的基础上增加少量附件形成。
图7示出根据本申请另一实施例的换流阀的局部结构示意图。
如图7所示，换流阀7000包括：换流阀阀层711和换流阀阀层712以及抗拉型绝缘子731。其中，抗拉型绝缘子731绝缘牵拉于换流阀阀层711和换流阀阀层712之间。
可选地换流阀7000还可以包括：环式金具732和733以及吊耳734和735。其中：
环式金具732和733压接于抗拉型绝缘子731的两端。环式金具732包含孔结构7321，环式金具733也包含孔结构7331。
吊耳734固定于换流阀阀层711上，并与孔结构7321配合连接。和735固定于换流阀阀层712，并与孔结构7331配合连接。
可选地，换流阀7000可以包括三个或者三个以上换流阀阀层，且每两个相邻的换流阀阀层之间设有抗拉型绝缘子。
利用上述换流阀，通过抗拉型绝缘子、环式金具以及吊耳可以实现换 流阀的悬吊安装。换流阀7000可以在换流阀2000-5000的基础上增加少量附件形成。
利用换流阀6000和换流阀7000的技术特征，可以在换流阀2000-5000的基础上，利用少量附件可以兼顾支撑安装与悬吊安装两种安装方式。
图8示出了，本申请另一实施例换流阀的结构示意图。
如图8所示，换流阀8000课包括：层叠设置的三个换流阀阀层811(未示出)、812(未示出)和812(未示出)。其中每个换流阀阀层由两个串联连接阀模块组成。具体地，流阀阀层811由阀模块8111和8112组成，换流阀阀层812由阀模块8121和8122组成，换流阀阀层813由阀模块8131和8132组成。阀模块8111、8121和8131层叠设置，阀模块8112、8122和8132层叠设置。
如图8所示，相邻的换流阀阀层可以由电连接件以对角方式串联连接。具体地，换流阀阀层811和812可以由电连接件821以对角方式串联连接，换流阀阀层812和813可以由电连接件822以对角方式串联连接。
如图8所示，换流阀8000还可以包括多个水管，比如图中的水管831、832、833和844。该多个水管可以分为进水管和出水管，与每个阀模块上的冷却系统(未示出)连接。进水管向冷却系统输入冷媒介，出水管排出热交换之后的冷媒介。该多个水管中的至少一个包括多个S弯结构或者螺旋结构。
如图8所示，换流阀8000还可以包括多个绝缘拉杆，比如图8中的绝缘拉杆851。绝缘拉杆851两端分别与阀模块8132和水管834连接，可以用于固定水管834。绝缘拉杆851的端部可以设有绝缘拉环(未示出)，套在水管834上。
如图8所示，换流阀8000还可以包括多条光缆，比如图8中的光缆841、842、843和844。该多条光缆分别与多个阀模块连接，传输通信信息。该多条光缆中的至少一条包括多个S弯结构或者螺旋结构。
图9示出了，本申请另一实施例换流阀的结构示意图。
如图9所示，换流阀9000可以包括多个换流阀阀层，比如图9中的911、912、913和914，以及两个框架层：顶框架层921和底框架层922。以上各层的每两个相邻层之间可以用多个绝缘子连接，比如图9 中的971。
顶框架层可以包括屏蔽接线端子9211和均压环922。
底框架层汇流板961，汇流板9611上可以设有漏水检测器9611。
如图9所示，换流阀9000还可以包括多个避雷器分别与多个换流阀阀层并联连接。多个避雷器如图9所示分别为931、932、933以及934。该多个避雷器可以通过绝缘子972绝缘支撑。
如图9所示，换流阀9000还可以包括多个螺旋状的水管，比如941；以及多个螺旋状的光缆，比如951。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。上述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上对本申请实施例进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明仅用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想。同时，本领域技术人员依据本申请的思想，基于本申请的具体实施方式及应用范围上做出的改变或变形之处，都属于本申请保护的范围。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种换流阀，包括至少两个换流阀阀层和至少一个电连接件，其中：
    所述至少两个换流阀阀层彼此层叠设置；所述至少两个换流阀阀层中的相邻换流阀阀层通过所述至少一个电连接件之一以对角方式串联电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换流阀，其中，所述至少两个换流阀阀层相互平行。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的换流阀，其中，所述电连接件包括刚性导电部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的换流阀，其中，所刚性导电部包括刚性直杆状导电部。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的换流阀，其中，所述电连接件的两端中的至少一端包括：
    柔性连接部，与所述刚性导电部电连接，并与至少两个换流阀阀层中的一个换流阀阀层电连接。
    .
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的换流阀，其中，所述柔性连接部包括：
    金属软母排，为柔性结构，电连接于所述刚性导电部和所述一个换流阀阀层之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的换流阀，其中，所述至少两个换流阀阀层包括第一换流阀阀层和第二换流阀阀层，其中：
    所述第一换流阀阀层包括第一阀模块和第二阀模块；所述第二换流阀阀层包括第三阀模块和第四阀模块；其中，
    所述第一阀模块与所述第三阀模块层叠设置；
    所述第二阀模块与所述第四阀模块层叠设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的换流阀，其中，层叠设置的所述第一阀模块和所述第三阀模块与层叠设置的所述第二阀模块和所述第四阀模块之间留有空隙；
    所述电连接件电连接于所述二模块与所述第三模块之间，并设置于所述空隙中。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的换流阀，还包括：
    屏蔽接线端子，邻近于所述至少两个换流阀阀层中的最后一级换流阀阀层，并与所述最后一级换流阀阀层电连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的换流阀，其中，所述屏蔽接线端子呈半环状。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的换流阀，还包括：
    至少两个避雷器，与所述至少两个换流阀阀层并联连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的换流阀，还包括：
    抗压型绝缘子，绝缘支持于所述两个相邻换流阀阀层之间。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的换流阀，还包括：
    平台型金具，压接于所述抗压型绝缘子的两端；
    转接支撑结构，与所述平台型金具连接，
    其中，所述转接支撑结构包括第一孔，并通过所述第一孔利用螺柱与所述相邻换流阀阀层中的一个换流阀阀层连接，且所述第一孔大于所述螺柱横截面。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的换流阀，其中，所述转接支撑结构为工字形转接支撑结构。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的换流阀，还包括：
    抗拉型绝缘子，绝缘牵拉与所述两个相邻换流阀阀层之间。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的换流阀，还包括：
    环式金具，压接于所述抗拉型绝缘子的两端，并包括第二孔；
    吊耳，与所述两个相邻换流阀阀层中的一个换流阀阀层固定连接，并与所述第二孔连接。
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