WO2021031561A1 - 一种煤矿井田不划分采区无掘巷无煤柱开采及施工方法 - Google Patents

一种煤矿井田不划分采区无掘巷无煤柱开采及施工方法 Download PDF

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WO2021031561A1
WO2021031561A1 PCT/CN2020/080949 CN2020080949W WO2021031561A1 WO 2021031561 A1 WO2021031561 A1 WO 2021031561A1 CN 2020080949 W CN2020080949 W CN 2020080949W WO 2021031561 A1 WO2021031561 A1 WO 2021031561A1
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working face
mining
roadway
main
face
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French (fr)
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马其华
秦忠诚
樊克恭
宁建国
郭忠平
文志杰
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Priority to AU2020333932A priority Critical patent/AU2020333932B2/en
Priority to US17/054,677 priority patent/US11746654B2/en
Publication of WO2021031561A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021031561A1/zh
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
    • E21F13/06—Transport of mined material at or adjacent to the working face
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a mining and construction method without roadway excavation and no coal pillars in a coal mine field without dividing mining areas.
  • the mine ventilation system for the return air in the upper main road is arranged in the upper main road to form a coal transportation system, and the auxiliary transportation equipment is arranged in the lower main road and the mine intake inclined road to form the auxiliary mine transportation system;
  • the first mining face cut hole from the upper minefield boundary of the main roadway.
  • the face is arranged along the strike, advances along the slope, and is mined downwards; in the process of forward advancement of the working face, the roadway is formed by itself (ie Transport the return air inclined alley), and leave the alley along the goaf as the next adjacent working face to transport the return air inclined alley;
  • the mining process of the third working face repeats the first mining face from top to bottom, inclined mining, mining to the lower roadway, move Cut to the adjacent working face (that is, the fourth working face is cut), and then go upward and inclined mining.
  • the mining process of the fourth working face repeats the second working face from bottom to top, upward mining,... ....
  • Follow-up mining at the working face goes downwards and upwards, and reciprocating mining until the first wing of the well field is mined.
  • Step 1 Construct the main and auxiliary shafts of the mine near the upper boundary in the middle of the minefield.
  • the main and auxiliary shafts are dug to the design elevation of the upper main roadway.
  • the mine bottom car yard is driven to form the main and auxiliary shafts.
  • the central air intake inclined lane is driven to the design elevation of the lower main roadway and then the lower main roadway is digged, waiting to go up and down After the main road is excavated to the boundary of the minefield, the upper and lower sides are connected as the air intake inclined road of the first mining face, forming a mine ventilation system with air in the lower main road and return air in the upper main road;
  • the upper roadway adopts the form of machine-track integration, as the main transportation roadway for auxiliary transportation of mine materials and equipment and coal transportation;
  • Step 2 At the minefield boundary of the upper main roadway, widen the local main roadway to form an open cut, install three-machine ancillary equipment for the working face, form the first mining working face, and make inclined mining;
  • the third step the first mining work is advancing towards the Xiafu, and the return air slanting lane of the working face forms an alley by itself and stays along the goaf as the return air slanting lane of the adjacent working face;
  • coal is transported from the face to the upper roadway through the return air inclined road, and then from the upper roadway to the coal bunker at the bottom of the shaft; the materials and equipment required for the working face go through the bottom car yard and the upper roadway And the return air inclined road is hoisted to the working face by monorail; the fresh air flows from the auxiliary shaft through the underground parking yard and the central air inlet inclined road to the lower main road, and then from the lower main road to the coal mining face via the working face air inlet inclined road , The polluted air from the working face is discharged from the return air inclined lane through the upper main roadway to the main shaft, which is also used as a return air shaft or a special return air shaft;
  • Step 4 Before the first mining working face is inclined to advance to the stop of mining in the lower main road, at the designed second working face cut-out position, widen the cut-out required for the installation of the three-machine supporting equipment from the upper side of the lower main road to the working face width. Move the three-machine ancillary equipment of the working face to the cut-off installation to form an inclined mining face.
  • the belt conveyor and monorail crane in the return air slanting lane of the first mining face will serve the next adjacent working face;
  • the working face is advancing upward and inclined, and the working face enters the inclined lane to form an independent lane, and the lane is reserved along the goaf as the inlet inclined lane of the next adjacent working face, that is, the third working face;
  • the coal is transported from the working face to the upper main roadway through the return air inclined road, and then from the upper main roadway to the coal bunker at the bottom of the shaft; the materials and equipment required for the working face are passed from the auxiliary shaft to the well
  • the bottom car yard, upper main alley and return air inclined alley are monorail hoisted to the working face; fresh air flows from the auxiliary shaft through the bottom car yard and the central air intake inclined alley to the lower main alley, and then arrives from the lower main alley via the working face air intake inclined alley
  • the polluted air is discharged from the inclined return airway of the working face through the upper main roadway to the main shaft and also used as the return air shaft;
  • Step 5 Before the second working face advances to the upper roadway and stops mining, widen the cut hole of the third working face from the lower side of the upper roadway to the working face. The width of the eye, and then move the supporting equipment of the working face to the cut-off installation, once again forming the inclined mining face. The subsequent steps are the same as the third and fourth steps until the first wing of the entire mine field is completed. Similarly, the other wing of the double-wing minefield is constructed and mined in accordance with the above methods.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • this mining method does not divide the mining area and does not leave the mining area coal pillars, which reduces the loss of coal pillars and improves the recovery rate.
  • the present invention arranges the shaft, the bottom car yard and the upper main road at the upper boundary of the mine field, which significantly shortens the depth of the shaft, reduces the construction period of the well, and reduces the initial investment.
  • the coal mining face of this mining method starts from the boundary of the minefield and retreats one by one. There is no need to leave a roadway to protect the coal pillars. There is no pillar mining between adjacent working faces, which not only improves the recovery rate of coal resources, but also It is beneficial to prevent mine disasters such as coal pillars from spontaneous combustion or rock bursts.
  • the auxiliary transportation adopts monorail crane, and the materials and equipment are directly transported from the pit bottom to the working surface via monorail crane. Compared with the traditional ground rail transportation, the turnover link is reduced and the auxiliary transportation efficiency is improved.
  • the inclined road and the belt conveyor and monorail crane of the working face formed by cutting the roof and relieving pressure along the goaf are used for the secondary service of the adjacent working face, which not only saves the workload of equipment removal, but also saves the removal Security and labor costs.
  • FIGS 1 to 3 are schematic diagrams of roadway layout and mining steps implemented in the present invention. among them:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the first wing of the minefield divided into working faces
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of downward and forward inclined mining at the first mining face
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the upward inclined mining on the second working face
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the wellbore and main road layout.
  • a mining and construction method for coal mine field without roadway excavation and no coal pillar without dividing mining areas including the following steps:
  • the main shaft 12 and auxiliary shaft 13 are arranged near the upper boundary in the middle of the strike of the minefield.
  • the main shaft and auxiliary shaft are constructed to the design elevation of the upper main road 1, and then the underground yard 14 is constructed. , Forming the mine hoisting system and ventilation system; then drive the upper roadway 1 along the upper boundary of the minefield, and at the same time, drive the mine central air intake inclined road 15 from the pit bottom to the lower roadway 2 along the inclined direction of the middle of the minefield to the lower roadway 2.
  • the lower roadway 2 is then driven along the lower boundary of the minefield at the design elevation, and the first wing of the minefield is divided into several working faces 3.
  • the upper and lower roadways When the upper and lower roadways are dug to the boundary of the first wing of the minefield, the first mining face is driven in the inclined direction of the minefield boundary.
  • the upper and lower main roads are connected to form a mine ventilation system with air intake from the lower main road and return air from the upper main road.
  • the upper roadway 1 adopts the combination of machine and rail as the main roadway for auxiliary transportation of mine materials and equipment and coal transportation.
  • the first mining face begins to move forward downwards and inclined mining.
  • a roadway is formed on the side of the adjacent next working face and the lane is reserved along the goaf to form the first mining face return air inclined lane 7 and serve as the second The return air slanting lane of working face 9.
  • the fresh air flows from the auxiliary shaft 13 through the bottom car yard 14 and the central air intake inclined lane 15 to the lower main lane 2, and then from the lower main lane 2 to the first mining working face 6 through the working face intake inclined lane 4, and the dirty air is from the first mining operation
  • the surface return air inclined lane 7 is discharged from the upper main lane 1 to the main shaft 12 (also used as a return air shaft) or a special return air shaft.
  • a monorail crane is installed in the return air inclined lane 7 of the first mining face, and the monorail crane is used as auxiliary transportation equipment for the first mining face. After the first mining face is finished, it will be converted to the second working face 9 as auxiliary transportation equipment.
  • coal is transported from the first mining face 6 to the upper main roadway 1 via the return air inclined roadway 7, and from the upper main roadway 1 to the coal bunker at the bottom of the mine;
  • the upper main lane 1 and the return air inclined lane 7 are hoisted to the working face by monorail; the fresh air from the auxiliary shaft 13 passes through the central air inlet inclined lane 15, the lower main lane 2, the first mining face and the air inlet inclined lane 4 arrives at the first mining face 6.
  • Sewage air from the working face passes through the return air inclined lane 7 to the upper main lane 1 and then is discharged through the main shaft (which doubles as the return air shaft), as shown in Figure 2.
  • coal is transported from the working face 9 to the upper main roadway 1 via the return air inclined lane 7 and from the upper main roadway 1 to the coal bunker at the bottom of the mine;
  • Lane 1 return air inclined lane 7 is hoisted to working face 9 by monorail; fresh air is transported from auxiliary shaft 13 through central air inlet inclined lane 15, lower main lane 2, working face air inlet inclined lane 10 to second working face 9.
  • Sewage air from the working face passes through the return air inclined lane 7 to the upper main road 1, and is discharged through the upper main road 1 and the main shaft (also a return air shaft), as shown in Figure 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

一种煤矿井田不划分采区无掘巷无煤柱开采及施工方法，在井田上下部分别布置上部大巷（1）、下部大巷（2），中部倾向布置中央进风斜巷（15）。井田边界上部大巷的下侧布置首采工作面切眼（5），首采工作面（6）沿走向布置、沿倾向推进下行前进式俯斜开采；首采工作面下行推采至下部边界后搬家至相邻待接替工作面的切眼，然后上行前进式仰斜开采，采至上部边界后再搬家至下个相邻的待接替工作面切眼，如此上下往返，循环推采。该方法缩短了井筒深度，减少了建井工期，节省了初期投资。

Description

一种煤矿井田不划分采区无掘巷无煤柱开采及施工方法 技术领域
本发明属于煤矿开采技术领域。
背景技术
众所周知，目前煤矿开采方法多是先将井田划分为阶段，再将阶段划分为采区，然后在采区内划分区段，最后在区段内留区段煤柱预掘回采巷道形成采煤工作面。这种开采方法不但掘巷多、成本高，而且阶段之间、采区之间、区段之间以及上山之间和上山两侧均需留设一定宽度的煤柱，各种煤柱留设不仅使得煤炭资源损失量大，而且往往是导致煤炭自然发火和矿山压力集中甚至是冲击地压的根源。因此，我们在发明CN107725053A中公开了一种“适用于缓倾斜煤层的采区自留巷无煤柱开采方法”，但该开采方法仅在采区范围内实现了无掘巷无煤柱开采，且存在着间隔一个工作面接替生产后出现的工作面污风下行问题，并且井田仍然需要划分阶段和采区，在阶段大巷两侧、采区之间以及采区上山之间和上山两侧仍需要留设一定宽度的保护煤柱或隔离煤柱。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提出一种煤矿井田不划分采区无掘巷无煤柱开采及施工方法。
这种井田不划分采区无掘巷无煤柱开采方法的技术方案是，
第一：首先在井田走向中部的上部边界附近布置主、副井，在井田上部边界沿煤层布置上部大巷，在主副井筒与上部大巷交汇处的水平面布置井底车场，在井田下部边界沿煤层布置下部大巷，在井田中部沿煤层倾向布置中央进风斜巷连接井底车场与下部大巷，在井田边界沿煤层布置煤层斜巷使上下两大巷贯通，形成下部大巷进风、上部大巷回风的矿井通风系统；在上部大巷布置胶带输送机形成煤炭运输系统，在下部大巷及矿井进风斜巷中布置辅助运输设备形成矿井辅助运输系统；
第二：然后从上部大巷的井田边界处布置首采工作面切眼，该工作面沿走向布置、沿倾向推进，下行俯斜开采；在工作面向下前进式推进过程中自成巷(即运输回风斜巷)，并沿空留巷作为相邻的下个工作面运输回风斜巷；
第三：首采工作面下行推进至下部大巷后，搬家至相邻的工作面切眼(即第二个工作面切眼)，然后上行仰斜开采，采至上部大巷后再搬家至相邻的下一个工作面切眼(即第三个工作面切眼)，第三个工作面的开采过程重复首采工作面自上而下，俯斜开采，采至下部大巷后，搬家至相邻的工作面切眼(即第四个工作面切眼)，然后上行仰斜开采，第四个工作面的开采过程重复第二个工作面自下而上，仰斜开采，......后续工作面开采如此下行、上行，往复开采，直至采完井田一翼。
为实现上述开采方法，本发明的具体施工步骤如下：
第一步：在井田走向中部的上边界附近施工矿井主、副井，主、副井掘至上部大巷设计标高位置，使主、副井贯通后掘进井底车场，主、副井形成矿井提升系统及矿井进回风系统；然后安排一掘进队掘进上部大巷、另一队掘进矿井中央进风斜巷，中央进风斜巷掘至下部大巷设计标高后掘进下部大巷，待上下大巷掘至井田边界后上、下贯通作为首采工作面的进风斜巷，形成下部大巷进风、上部大巷回风的矿井通风系统；
同时，上部大巷采用机轨合一的形式，作为矿井物料设备辅助运输和煤炭运输的主要运输大巷；
第二步：在上部大巷的井田边界处，对局部大巷扩宽形成切眼，安装工作面三机配套设备，形成首采工作面，俯斜开采；
第三步：首采工作面向下府斜推进，工作面回风斜巷自成巷并沿空留巷，作为相邻工作面的回风斜巷；
在工作面回风斜巷布置可伸缩胶带输送机，担负本工作面及相邻工作面煤炭运输任务；
在上部大巷及工作面回风斜巷中安设单轨吊，利用单轨吊为工作面运输材料和设备，并作为相邻工作面的辅助运输设备；
首采工作面回采过程中，煤炭由工作面经回风斜巷运至上部大巷，再由上部大巷运至井底煤仓；工作面所需物料和设备经井底车场、上部大巷和回风斜巷由单轨吊运至工作面；新鲜风流由副井经井底车场和中央进风斜巷至下部大巷，再由下部大巷经工作面进风斜巷到达采煤工作面，工作面污风由回风斜巷经上部大巷至主井兼做回风井或专用回风井排出；
第四步：在首采工作面府斜推进至下部大巷停采前，在设计的第二个工作面切眼位置拓宽下部大巷的上帮至工作面三机配套设备安装需要的切眼宽度。将工作面三机配套设备平移搬家至切眼安装，形成仰斜开采工作面，首采工作面回风斜巷中的胶带输送机和单轨吊转而为这个接续的紧邻工作面服务；第二个工作面向上仰斜推进，工作面进风斜巷自成巷，并沿空留巷作为下个相邻工作面即第三个工作面的进风斜巷；
在第二个工作面仰斜推进过程中，煤炭由工作面经回风斜巷运至上部大巷，再由上部大巷运至井底煤仓；工作面所需物料设备由副井经井底车场和上部大巷及回风斜巷单轨吊运至工作面；新风由副井经井底车场和中央进风斜巷至下部大巷，再由下部大巷经工作面进风斜巷到达工作面，污风由工作面回风斜巷经上部大巷至主井兼做回风井排出；
第五步：在第二个工作面仰斜推进至上部大巷停采前，在设计的第三个工作面切眼位置拓宽上部大巷的下帮至工作面三机配套设备安装需要的切眼宽度，再将工作面配套设备平移搬家至切眼安装，再次形成府斜开采工作面。后续步骤同第三步、第四步循环往复，直至整个井田一翼回采完毕，同理，双翼井田另一翼按照上述方法施工和开采。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1.与适用于缓倾斜煤层的采区自留巷无煤柱开采方法相比，本开采方法的工作面污风始终为上行通风，不存在污风下行问题，避免了瓦斯积聚，有利于安全生产。
2.与适用于缓倾斜煤层的采区自留巷无煤柱开采方法相比，本开采方法不划分采区，不留设采区煤柱，减少了煤柱损失，提高了回收率。
3.与现有采煤方法相比，本发明在井田上边界处布置井筒、井底车场及上部大巷，显著缩短了井筒深度，减少了建井工期，降低了初期投资。
4.本开采方法的采煤工作面从井田边界处开始逐条带依次后退回采，无需留设大巷保护煤柱，相邻工作面之间无煤柱开采，既提高了煤炭资源回收率，又有利于防止煤柱自然发火或冲击地压等矿山灾害。
5.辅助运输采用单轨吊，物料和设备从井底车场经单轨吊直接运输至工作面，与传统地轨道运输相比，减少了周转环节，提高了辅运效率。
6.采用切顶卸压沿空留巷形成的工作面斜巷及斜巷胶带输送机和单轨吊均为相邻工作面二次服务利用，既节省了设备撤安工作量，又节省了撤安费及人工费。
7.当工作面回采结束搬家时，只需将工作面三机设备平移至紧邻的工作面切眼，工作面搬家距离极近，设备撤安工作量极小，工作面转换生产耽误的时间极短。
8.与传统的工作面煤炭经下部大巷运输相比，本开采方法的工作面煤炭向上运输，经上部大巷运至井底煤仓，避免了传统的生产系统煤炭先向下运输、后向上运输带来的折返运输问题，显著减少了运输环节，缩短了运输距离，提高了运输效率，节省了运输费用。
附图说明
图1至图3为本发明实施的巷道布置和开采步骤示意图；其中：
图1为井田一翼划分为工作面布置示意图；
图2为首采工作面下行前进式府斜开采示意图；
图3为第二工作面上行仰斜开采示意图；
图4为井筒和大巷布置示意图。
图中：1-上部大巷，2-下部大巷，3-工作面，4-首采工作面进风斜巷，5-首采工作面切眼，6-首采工作面，7-首采工作面回风斜巷，8-第二个工作面切眼，9-第二个工作面，10-第二、第三个工作面进风斜巷，11-第三个工作面切眼，12-主井，13-副井，14-井底车场，15-矿井中央进风斜巷。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明做出进一步的说明。
一种煤矿井田不划分采区无掘巷无煤柱开采及施工方法，包括以下步骤：
1)如图1和图4所示，在井田走向中部的上边界附近布置主井12和副井13，主、副井施工至上部大巷1的设计标高时贯通，然后施工井底车场14，形成矿井提升系统和通风系统；然后沿井田上边界掘进上部大巷1，同时，沿井田中部倾斜方向从井底车场向下部大巷2掘进矿井中央进风斜巷15，至下部大巷2的设计标高处再沿井田下边界掘进下部大巷2，将井田一翼划分为若干工作面3，待上、下部大巷掘至井田一翼边界处时沿井田边界倾斜方向掘进首采工作面进风斜巷4，上、下部大巷贯通形成下部大巷进风、上部大巷回风的矿井通风系统。同时，上部大巷1采用机轨合一的形式，作为矿井物料设备辅助运输和煤炭运输的主要运输大巷。
2)从上部大巷1按照首采工作面的设计位置施工首采工作面切眼5，并在工作面切眼安装三机配套设备。
3)首采工作面开始前进式下行府斜开采，回采过程中在相邻的下一个工作面侧自成巷并沿空留巷成首采工作面回风斜巷7，并作为第二个工作面9的回风斜巷。新风由副井13经井底车场14和中央进风斜巷15至下部大巷2，再由下部大巷2经工作面进风斜巷4到达首采工作面6，污风由首采工作面回风斜巷7经上部大巷1至主井12(兼做回风井)或专用回风井排出。
在首采工作面回风斜巷7中布置可伸缩胶带输送机，随着工作面的推进而延伸，待首采工作面采完再转作第二个工作面9的可伸缩胶带输送机使用。
同时在首采工作面回风斜巷7中安设单轨吊，利用单轨吊作为首采工作面的辅助运输设备，待首采工作面采完再转作第二个工作面9的辅助运输设备。
在首采工作面6回采过程中，煤炭由首采工作面6经回风斜巷7运至上部大巷1，由上部大巷1运至井底车场煤仓；工作面所需物料设备经上部大巷1、回风斜巷7由单轨吊运至工作面；新风由副井13经中央进风斜巷15、下部大巷2、首采工作面进风斜巷4到达首采工作面6，工作面污风经回风斜巷7到上部大巷1再经主井(兼做回风井)排出，如图2所示。
4)首采工作面6回采即将结束时，在设计的第二个工作面切眼8位置进行拓宽。首采工作面6回采结束后将三机设备搬至第二个工作面切眼8，首采工作面回风斜巷7中的胶带输送机和单轨吊转为第二个工作面9服务；第二个工作面9回采时，在靠近第三个工作面侧自成巷，并沿空留巷作为第二个和第三个工作面的进风斜巷10。
第二个工作面9回采过程中，煤炭由工作面9经回风斜巷7运至上部大巷1，由上部大巷1运至井底车场煤仓；工作面所需物料设备经上部大巷1、回风斜巷7由单轨吊运至工作面9；新风由副井13经中央进风斜巷15、下部大巷2、工作面进风斜巷10到达第二个工作面9，工作面污风经回风斜巷7到上部大巷1，并经上部大巷1和主井(兼做回风井)排出，如图3所示。
5)第二个工作面9回采即将结束时，在设计的第三个工作面切眼11位置进行拓宽。待工作面9回采结束后将三机配套设备搬至第三个工作面切眼11安装，安装完成，工作面下行前进式俯斜开采，后续步骤同第3)步、第4)步，循环往复，直至整个井田一翼回采完毕。井田另一翼的开采方法如此完全相同。
当然，以上说明仅仅为本发明的较佳实施例，本发明并不限于列举上述实施例，应当说明的是，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本说明书的指导下，所做出的所有等同替代、明显变形形式，均落在本说明书的实质范围之内，理应受到本发明的保护。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种煤矿井田不划分采区无掘巷无煤柱开采方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    第一：首先在井田走向中部的上部边界附近布置主、副井，在井田上部边界沿煤层布置上部大巷，在主副井筒与上部大巷交汇处的水平面布置井底车场，在井田下部边界沿煤层布置下部大巷，在井田中部沿煤层倾向布置中央进风斜巷连接井底车场与下部大巷，在井田边界沿煤层布置煤层斜巷使上下两大巷贯通，形成下部大巷进风、上部大巷回风的矿井通风系统；在上部大巷布置胶带输送机形成煤炭运输系统，在下部大巷及矿井进风斜巷中布置辅助运输设备形成矿井辅助运输系统；
    第二：然后从上部大巷的井田边界处布置首采工作面切眼，该工作面沿走向布置、沿倾向推进，下行俯斜开采；在工作面向下前进式推进过程中自成巷即运输回风斜巷，并沿空留巷作为相邻的下个工作面运输回风斜巷；
    第三：首采工作面下行推进至下部大巷后，搬家至相邻的工作面切眼即第二个工作面切眼，然后上行仰斜开采，采至上部大巷后再搬家至相邻的下一个工作面切眼即第三个工作面切眼；第三个工作面的开采过程重复首采工作面自上而下，俯斜开采，采至下部大巷后，搬家至相邻的工作面切眼即第四个工作面切眼，然后上行仰斜开采，第四个工作面的开采过程重复第二个工作面自下而上，仰斜开采，后续工作面开采如此下行、上行，往复开采，直至采完井田一翼。
  2. 权利要求1所述的一种煤矿井田不划分采区无掘巷无煤柱开采方法的施工方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
    第一步：在井田走向中部的上边界附近施工矿井主、副井，主、副井掘至上部大巷设计标高位置，使主、副井贯通后掘进井底车场，主、副井形成矿井提升系统及矿井进回风系统；然后安排一掘进队掘进上部大巷、另一队掘进矿井中央进风斜巷，中央进风斜巷掘至下部大巷设计标高后掘进下部大巷，待上 下大巷掘至井田边界后上、下贯通作为首采工作面的进风斜巷，形成下部大巷进风、上部大巷回风的矿井通风系统；
    同时，上部大巷采用机轨合一的形式，作为矿井物料设备辅助运输和煤炭运输的主要运输大巷；
    第二步：在上部大巷的井田边界处，对局部大巷扩宽形成切眼，安装工作面三机配套设备，形成首采工作面，俯斜开采；
    第三步：首采工作面向下府斜推进，工作面回风斜巷自成巷并沿空留巷，作为相邻工作面的回风斜巷；
    在工作面回风斜巷布置可伸缩胶带输送机，担负本工作面及相邻工作面煤炭运输任务；
    在上部大巷及工作面回风斜巷中安设单轨吊，利用单轨吊为工作面运输材料和设备，并作为相邻工作面的辅助运输设备；
    首采工作面回采过程中，煤炭由工作面经回风斜巷运至上部大巷，再由上部大巷运至井底煤仓；工作面所需物料和设备经井底车场、上部大巷和回风斜巷由单轨吊运至工作面；新鲜风流由副井经井底车场和中央进风斜巷至下部大巷，再由下部大巷经工作面进风斜巷到达采煤工作面，工作面污风由回风斜巷经上部大巷至主井兼做回风井或专用回风井排出；
    第四步：在首采工作面府斜推进至下部大巷停采前，在设计的第二个工作面切眼位置拓宽下部大巷的上帮至工作面三机配套设备安装需要的切眼宽度；将工作面三机配套设备平移搬家至切眼安装，形成仰斜开采工作面，首采工作面回风斜巷中的胶带输送机和单轨吊转而为这个接续的紧邻工作面服务；第二个工作面向上仰斜推进，工作面进风斜巷自成巷，并沿空留巷作为下个相邻工作面即第三个工作面的进风斜巷；
    在第二个工作面仰斜推进过程中，煤炭由工作面经回风斜巷运至上部大巷，再由上部大巷运至井底煤仓；工作面所需物料设备由副井经井底车场和上部大巷及回风斜巷单轨吊运至工作面；新风由副井经井底车场和中央进风斜巷至下 部大巷，再由下部大巷经工作面进风斜巷到达工作面，污风由工作面回风斜巷经上部大巷至主井兼做回风井排出；
    第五步：在第二个工作面仰斜推进至上部大巷停采前，在设计的第三个工作面切眼位置拓宽上部大巷的下帮至工作面三机配套设备安装需要的切眼宽度，再将工作面配套设备平移搬家至切眼安装，再次形成府斜开采工作面后续步骤同第三步、第四步循环往复，直至整个井田一翼回采完毕，同理，双翼井田另一翼按照上述方法施工和开采。
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