WO2021031248A1 - 一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置 - Google Patents

一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021031248A1
WO2021031248A1 PCT/CN2019/104824 CN2019104824W WO2021031248A1 WO 2021031248 A1 WO2021031248 A1 WO 2021031248A1 CN 2019104824 W CN2019104824 W CN 2019104824W WO 2021031248 A1 WO2021031248 A1 WO 2021031248A1
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water
foundation pit
simulated
pressure sensor
test block
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French (fr)
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洪义
赵俞成
王立忠
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering tests, in particular to a device for simulating the whole process of a foundation pit surge disaster, which is used to simulate the combined action of the soft soil layer on the confined water roof and the excavation and unloading of the foundation pit during the excavation of the foundation pit The whole process of sudden surge and catastrophe.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to fill the gaps in the prior art and provide a device for simulating the whole process of a foundation pit surge disaster, which is used to simulate the combined action of the soft soil layer on the confined water roof and the excavation and unloading of the foundation pit during the excavation of the foundation pit The whole process of sudden surge and catastrophe.
  • a device for simulating the entire process of a foundation pit surge disaster used to simulate the combined action of the soft soil layer on the confined water roof and the excavation and unloading of the foundation pit during the excavation of the foundation pit
  • the whole process of surge and catastrophe including test module, loading module, constant voltage module, pressurization module, and measurement module;
  • the test module includes a model box, a large partition, a small partition, and a water bag; the large partition is set in the model box and divides the model box into two areas on the left and the right.
  • the area on the right is filled with simulated soil test blocks to simulate An area on the left side of the soil test block is dug as a simulated foundation pit; a small partition is inserted into the simulated foundation pit and the small partition is topped on the simulated soil test block through a loading module as a simulated foundation pit support; water bags are placed In the simulated foundation pit, the two sides of the water bag are respectively against the large partition and the small partition after being filled with liquid to simulate the excavation of the foundation pit;
  • the constant pressure module passes through the pipeline to the bottom of the simulated soil test block, inside the simulated foundation pit and outside the simulated foundation pit to ensure that the pressure-bearing water level, the water level in the foundation pit, and the water level outside the foundation pit are the same before the simulation test starts;
  • the pressurization module is connected to the bottom of the simulated soil test block through a pipeline for simulating the confined water roof;
  • the measurement module is used to obtain the support pressure of the loading module, the vertical displacement value outside the foundation pit, the active earth pressure, the passive earth pressure, the pore pressure value in the simulated soil test block, and the soil in the simulated soil test block. Pressure value.
  • the loading module includes a jack, a shaft, and a bracket; the jack is fixed on the left area of the model box through the bracket, the large partition is provided with a hole for the shaft to pass through, and the jack supports the small partition through the shaft .
  • the simulated soil layer test block is formed by consolidation of a sandy soil cushion layer and clay mounted on the sandy soil cushion layer.
  • the water bag contains a liquid, and the weight of the liquid is the same as the specific gravity of the clay used in the test.
  • the height of the liquid in the water bag is the same as the height of the simulated soil test block on the right side of the small partition.
  • the liquid is a zinc chloride solution with a certain concentration, and the mass concentration ranges from 63% to 68%.
  • the constant pressure module includes a constant pressure water tank, a first water inlet valve, a first drain valve, a second drain valve, and a second water inlet valve; the constant pressure water tank passes the water in the water tank to the compartment through the water inlet pipe.
  • the water inlet pipe is provided with a first water inlet valve, and is also connected with a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is provided with a second drain valve;
  • the constant pressure water tank passes the water in the water tank through the water inlet pipe To the bottom sand layer of the simulated soil test block, this inlet pipe is equipped with a second water inlet valve;
  • the constant pressure water tank passes the water in the water tank to the simulated soil test block on the right side of the small partition through the inlet pipe Top: Pass the water inlet pipe with the first drain valve through the large partition, and fix it to the water outlet on the side of the water bag through a flange.
  • the constant pressure module further includes an iron box, which is sandwiched between the simulated soil test block and the right side wall of the model box.
  • the bottom of the iron box has a water inlet, and the constant pressure water tank is connected to the water inlet through a water inlet pipe.
  • a water outlet is opened on the side wall of the box, and the water outlet is located at the top of the simulated soil test block.
  • the pressurization module includes a pressurized water tank and a third water inlet valve; the pressurized water tank passes the water in the water tank to the bottom sand layer of the simulated soil test block through the water inlet pipe, and the first water inlet pipe is provided with Three water inlet valves.
  • the measurement module includes a first displacement sensor, a second displacement sensor, a first pore pressure sensor, a second pore pressure sensor, a third pore pressure sensor, a fourth pore pressure sensor, a fifth pore pressure sensor, and a sixth pore pressure sensor.
  • the first displacement sensor is used to measure the vertical displacement of the top of the simulated soil test block during the test
  • the second displacement sensor is used to measure the horizontal displacement of the small partition during the test
  • the first pore pressure sensor is used to determine the water pressure at the bottom of the constant pressure water tank in the initial state
  • the second pore pressure sensor is used to determine the water pressure at the bottom of the water tank when the sand layer is pressurized
  • the third pore pressure sensor is used to determine the water pressure on the top surface of the simulated soil test block in the initial state
  • the fourth pore pressure sensor is installed in the clay on the right side of the small partition with the same height as the bottom of the small partition, and is used to measure the pore pressure at the height outside the foundation pit;
  • the fifth pore pressure sensor is installed in the clay on the left side of the small partition with the same height as the bottom of the small partition, and is used to measure the pore pressure inside the foundation pit at that height;
  • the sixth pore pressure sensor is used to measure the water pressure at the bottom of the water bag
  • the first soil pressure sensor is installed in the clay on the left side of the small partition and has the same height as the bottom of the small partition, and is used to measure the soil pressure at the height outside the foundation pit;
  • the second earth pressure sensor is installed on the contact surface of the small partition board and the simulated soil test block for the soil pressure of the contact surface;
  • the third earth pressure sensor is installed on the left side of the small partition for the earth pressure on the left side;
  • the axial force meter is installed between the measuring jack and the shaft, and is used to measure the supporting pressure of the small partition.
  • a water bag with a certain concentration of zinc chloride solution can simulate the excavation of a foundation pit in an actual project without stopping the machine;
  • the shaft and jack equipped with an axial force meter can simulate the foundation pit support The process of;
  • the pressurized water tank module can achieve surge damage by adjusting the water level in the water tank;
  • the device can reproduce the whole catastrophic process of confined water surge damage in deep foundation pit excavation in water-rich soft soil area, and provide test basis for preventing foundation pit surge in engineering;
  • the displacement sensor and soil pressure sensor in the device can capture the soil displacement field and soil pressure value in the process of excavation and surge failure of foundation pits in real time, providing a basis for theoretical research.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are front views of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the water bag of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the iron box of the present invention.
  • model box 1 large partition 2, pressurized water tank 3, constant pressure water tank 4, jack 5, small partition 6, bracket 7, water bag 8, iron box 9, shaft 10, first water inlet valve 11.
  • the present invention provides a whole process of surge disaster under the combined action of excavation and unloading of foundation pit, including test module, loading module, constant voltage module, pressurization module, and measurement module;
  • the test module includes a model box 1, a large partition 2, a small partition 6, and a water bag 8.
  • the large partition 2 is arranged in the model box 1, welded to the bottom of the model box 1, and divides the model box 1 into two left and right sides.
  • the area on the right is filled with a simulated soil test block, and an area on the left of the simulated soil test block is dug as a simulated foundation pit;
  • the small partition 6 is inserted into the simulated foundation pit and the small partition 6 is topped by the loading module
  • the simulated soil test block is used as a simulated foundation pit support;
  • the water bag 8 is placed in the simulated foundation pit. After the water bag 8 is filled with liquid, the two sides of the water bag 8 are respectively against the large partition 2 and the small partition 6 to simulate the opening of the foundation pit. dig;
  • the constant pressure module passes through the pipeline to the bottom of the simulated soil test block, inside the simulated foundation pit and outside the simulated foundation pit to ensure that the pressure-bearing water level, the water level in the foundation pit, and the water level outside the foundation pit are the same before the simulation test starts;
  • the pressurization module is connected to the bottom of the simulated soil test block through a pipeline for simulating the confined water roof;
  • the measurement module is used to obtain the support pressure of the loading module, the vertical displacement value outside the foundation pit, the active earth pressure, the passive earth pressure, the pore pressure value in the simulated soil test block, and the soil in the simulated soil test block. Pressure value.
  • the loading module includes a jack 5, a shaft 10 and a bracket 7.
  • the jack 5 is fixed on the bracket 7 by bolts to provide reaction force
  • the bracket 7 is fixed on the left area of the model box 1 by bolts.
  • the large partition 2 is provided with a hole for the shaft 10 to pass through
  • the water bag 8 also has a hole (as shown in FIG. 3), and the shaft 10 passes through the hole reserved on the large partition with a hole.
  • the water bag is contacted and supported on the small partition to ensure that the horizontal displacement of the small partition is zero during the test.
  • the contact surfaces of the shaft 10, the large partition 2, and the water bag 8 are coated with petroleum jelly to reduce friction.
  • the simulated soil layer test block is formed by the consolidation of a sand-soil cushion and the clay installed on the sand-soil cushion.
  • the water bag 8 contains a liquid, and the weight of the liquid is the same as the specific gravity of the clay used in the test.
  • the height of the liquid in the water bag 8 is consistent with the height of the simulated soil test block on the right side of the small partition 6.
  • the liquid is a zinc chloride solution with a certain concentration, with a mass concentration ranging from 63% to 68%, so that the weight of the solution is the same as or very close to the specific gravity of the clay used in the test.
  • the constant pressure module includes a constant pressure water tank 4, a first water inlet valve 11, a first drain valve 12, a second drain valve 13, and a second water inlet valve 14;
  • the water pipe passes the water in the water tank to the left side simulated foundation pit of the small partition 6.
  • the water inlet pipe is provided with a first water inlet valve 11 and is also connected with a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is provided with a second drain valve 13 ;
  • the constant pressure water tank 4 passes the water in the water tank to the bottom sand layer of the simulated soil test block through the water inlet pipe, and the second water inlet valve 14 is provided in the water inlet pipe; the constant pressure water tank 4 transfers the water in the water tank through the water inlet pipe
  • the water inlet pipe equipped with the first drain valve 12 passes through the large partition 2, and is installed at the water outlet on the side of the water bag 8;
  • the connection of the above-mentioned pipelines ensures that the confined water level, the water level in the foundation pit, and the water level outside the foundation pit are the same before the start of the simulation test.
  • the constant pressure module further includes an iron box 9.
  • the iron box 9 is sandwiched between the simulated soil test block and the right side wall of the model box 1, and the bottom of the iron box 9 has an inlet The water outlet, the constant pressure water tank 4 is connected to the water inlet through a water inlet pipe, a water outlet is opened on the side wall of the iron box 9 and the water outlet is located at the top of the simulated soil layer test block.
  • the pressurization module includes a pressurized water tank 3 and a third water inlet valve 15; the pressurized water tank 3 passes the water in the water tank to the bottom sand layer of the simulated soil test block through the water inlet pipe, A third water inlet valve 15 is provided in the water inlet pipe.
  • the first drain valve 12 When the test simulates the excavation of a foundation pit, the first drain valve 12 is opened to gradually flow out the solution in the water bag 8, while the first water inlet valve 11 is closed and the second drain valve 13 is opened, so that the water level inside the small partition 6 gradually drops ;
  • the second water inlet valve 14 When the test simulates a pressurized water surge, the second water inlet valve 14 is closed and the third water inlet valve 15 is opened.
  • the water in the pressurized water tank 3 flows through the water inlet pipe to the bottom sand layer on the right side of the large partition 2.
  • the water level in the pressurized water tank 3 is determined by the pressure water level set in the test.
  • the measurement module includes a first displacement sensor 16, a second displacement sensor 17, a first pore pressure sensor 18, a second pore pressure sensor 19, a third pore pressure sensor 20, and a fourth pore pressure sensor 21.
  • the first displacement sensor 16 is installed on the surface of the soil layer to measure the vertical displacement of the top of the simulated soil layer during the test;
  • the second displacement sensor 17 is installed on the right side of the small partition to measure the horizontal displacement of the small partition during the test;
  • the first pore pressure sensor 18 is installed at the bottom of the constant pressure water tank 4 to determine the bottom water pressure of the constant pressure water tank in the initial state;
  • the second pore pressure sensor 19 is installed at the bottom of the pressurized water tank 3 to determine the water pressure at the bottom of the water tank when the sand layer is pressurized;
  • the third pore pressure sensor 20 is installed at the bottom of the iron box 9 for determining the water pressure on the top surface of the simulated soil test block in the initial state;
  • the fourth pore pressure sensor 21 is installed in the clay on the right side of the small partition 6 with the same height as the bottom of the small partition 6 and is used to measure the pore pressure at the height outside the foundation pit;
  • the fifth pore pressure sensor 22 is installed in the clay on the left side of the small partition 6 with the same height as the bottom of the small partition 6, and is used to measure the pore pressure at the height inside the foundation pit;
  • the sixth pore pressure sensor 23 is installed on the inner bottom of the water bag 8 to measure the water pressure at the inner bottom of the water bag 8;
  • the first earth pressure sensor 24 is installed in the clay on the left side of the small partition 6, and has the same height as the bottom of the small partition 6, and is used to measure the soil pressure at this height outside the foundation pit;
  • the second soil pressure sensor 25 is installed on the contact surface of the small partition 6 and the simulated soil test block for the soil pressure of the contact surface;
  • the third earth pressure sensor 26 is installed on the left side of the small partition 6 for the earth pressure on the left side;
  • the axial force meter 27 is installed between the measuring jack 5 and the shaft 10 to measure the supporting pressure of the small partition 6.
  • the third soil pressure sensor 26 is buried; part of the soil on the left side of the small partition 6 is dug out, and the water bag 8 is placed in the foundation pit; the jack 5 is connected to the shaft 10 with an axial force meter 27, Pass the shaft 10 through the hole reserved on the large partition 2 and the hole on the water bag 8; open the jack 5 so that there is a pressure reading on the axial force gauge 27, and ensure that the shaft 10 has just hit the small partition 6;
  • the inlet pipe equipped with the first drain valve 12 passes through the large partition 2 and is installed at the outlet on the side of the water bag 8 with holes; close the first drain valve 12, and pour a certain amount into the water bag 8 with holes
  • the concentration of zinc chloride solution is level with the top surface of the soil layer on the right side of the small partition 6 to simulate the self-weight of the excavated soil; install the first displacement sensor 16 and the second displacement sensor 17;
  • the first displacement sensor 16 can obtain the vertical displacement value outside the foundation pit; the second earth pressure sensor 25 outside the small partition 6 can obtain the active earth pressure at the corresponding position; the third earth pressure inside the small partition 6
  • the sensor 26 can obtain the passive earth pressure of the corresponding position; the fourth pore pressure sensor 21 and the fifth pore pressure sensor 22 can obtain the pore pressure value of the corresponding position in the soil body; the first earth pressure sensor 24 can obtain the earth pressure of the corresponding position in the soil body Value; at the end of the test, close the third water inlet valve 15, pressurization is terminated. At this point, the test is over.

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Abstract

一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，用于模拟基坑开挖时软弱土层在承压水上顶和基坑开挖卸载联合作用下突涌灾变全过程，该装置主要有五个模块组成，其中包括试验模块、加载模块、恒压模块、加压模块、测量模块。此装置在模型试验中能够自动化地实现基坑开挖、突涌破坏全过程；在试验中，可以实现承压水位的可控性调节，基坑开挖的速度也可以自主控制，能够模拟不同的工况；技术简单，容易实现。

Description

一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置 技术领域
本发明涉及岩土工程试验技术领域，尤其涉及一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，用于模拟基坑开挖时软弱土层在承压水上顶和基坑开挖卸载联合作用下突涌灾变全过程。
背景技术
近年来，随着城市高层建筑与地铁交通的不断发展，基坑的深度和广度在不断增加。基坑开挖深度已接近或达到承压含水层。基坑底部的不透水层在其下部承压含水层水压力的作用下，隆起并发生突涌现象。基坑工程中如果发生突涌破坏，不仅造成围护结构倒塌、基坑报废，还会危及周边环境的安全，导致人民生命财产的损失。
上述灾变过程在现场很难被记录，离心机模型试验成为了再现上述灾变过程的最有效手段之一。然而目前的模型试验不能在离心机运行过程中自动化地完成基坑开挖，需要停机进行人工开挖，导致土体的应力状态与实际工程中有较大差异，无法完整精确地模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程。
发明内容
本发明的目的是填补现有技术的空缺，提供一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，用于模拟基坑开挖时软弱土层在承压水上顶和基坑开挖卸载联合作用下突涌灾变全过程。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，用于模拟基坑开挖时软弱土层在承压水上顶和基坑开挖卸载联合作用下突涌灾变全过程，包括试验模块、加载模块、恒压模块、加压模块、测量模块；
所述试验模块包括模型箱、大隔板、小隔板、水袋；大隔板设置在模型箱中且将模型箱分隔成左右两个区域，右边区域中填充有模拟土层试块，模拟土层试块左边挖去一块区域作为模拟基坑；小隔板插入到模拟基坑中且通过加载模块将小隔板顶在模拟土层试块上，作为模拟基坑支护；水袋放置在模拟基坑中，水袋充满液体后两边分别抵住大隔板和小隔板，用于模拟基坑开挖；
所述恒压模块通过管路通入到模拟土层试块底部、模拟基坑内以及模拟基坑外，保证模拟试验开始前承压水位、基坑内水位、基坑外水位相同；
所述加压模块通过管路通入到模拟土层试块底部，用于模拟承压水上顶；
所述测量模块用于获取加载模块的支护压力、基坑外侧的竖向位移值、主动土压力、被动土压力、模拟土层试块内的孔压值、模拟土层试块内的土压力值。
进一步的，所述加载模块包括千斤顶、轴杆和支架；千斤顶通过支架固定在模型箱的左边区域，所述大隔板上设有孔洞以便轴杆穿过，千斤顶通过轴杆顶住小隔板。
进一步的，所述模拟土层试块由砂土垫层和装于砂土垫层上部的黏土固结而成。
进一步的，所述水袋内装有液体，液体的重度与试验所使用的黏土比重相同。
进一步的，试验开始前，水袋中的液体高度与小隔板右侧的模拟土层试块高度一致。
进一步的，所述液体为一定浓度的氯化锌溶液，质量浓度的范围为63％—68％。
进一步的，所述恒压模块包括恒压水箱、第一进水阀门、第一排水阀门、第二排水阀门、第二进水阀门；恒压水箱通过进水管将水箱中的水通到小隔板的左侧模拟基坑中，此进水管中设置有第一进水阀门，且还连接有排水管，排水管上设置有第二排水阀门；恒压水箱通过进水管将水箱中的水通到模拟土层试块的底部砂层中，此进水管中设置有第二进水阀门；恒压水箱通过进水管将水箱中的水通到小隔板的右侧的模拟土层试块的顶部；将装有第一排水阀门的进水管穿过大隔板，通过法兰盘固定安装于水袋一侧的出水口处。
进一步的，所述恒压模块还包括铁盒，铁盒夹在模拟土层试块和模型箱右侧壁之间，铁盒底部具有进水口，恒压水箱通过进水管与进水口相连，铁盒侧壁上开有一个出水槽，出水槽位于模拟土层试块的顶部处。
进一步的，所述加压模块包括加压水箱和第三进水阀门；加压水箱通过进水管将水箱中的水通到模拟土层试块的底部砂层中，此进水管中设置有第三进水阀门。
进一步的，所述测量模块包括第一位移传感器、第二位移传感器、第一孔压传感器、第二孔压传感器、第三孔压传感器、第四孔压传感器、第五孔压传感器、第六孔压传感器、第一土压力传感器、第二土压力传感器、第三土压力传感器、轴力计；
所述第一位移传感器用于测量试验过程中模拟土层试块顶部的竖向位移；
所述第二位移传感器用于测量试验过程中小隔板的水平位移；
所述第一孔压传感器用于确定初始状态时的恒压水箱底部水压；
所述第二孔压传感器用于确定给砂层加压时的水箱底部水压；
所述第三孔压传感器用于确定初始状态时模拟土层试块顶部表面的水压；
所述第四孔压传感器安装于小隔板右侧黏土中，高度与小隔板底部相同，用于测量基坑外侧该高度的孔压；
所述第五孔压传感器安装于小隔板左侧黏土中，高度与小隔板底部相同，用于测量基坑内侧该高度的孔压；
所述第六孔压传感器用于测量水袋内底部的水压；
所述第一土压力传感器安装于小隔板左侧黏土中，高度与小隔板底部相同，用于测量基坑外侧该高度的土层压力；
所述第二土压力传感器安装于小隔板与模拟土层试块接触面上，用于接触面土层压力；
所述第三土压力传感器安装于小隔板的左侧面，用于左侧面土层压力；
所述轴力计安装在测量千斤顶和轴杆之间，用于测量小隔板的支护压力。
本发明的有益效果是：
1.装有一定浓度的氯化锌溶液的水袋，能够实现在不停机的条件下模拟实际工程中的基坑开挖；装有轴力计的轴杆以及千斤顶能够模拟加基坑支护的过程；加压水箱模块通过调节水箱内水位能实现突涌破坏；
2.该装置能够再现富水软土地区深基坑开挖中承压水突涌破坏的灾变全过程，为工程上防治基坑突涌提供试验依据；
3.该装置中的位移传感器、土压力传感器能够分别实时捕捉基坑开挖、突涌破坏过程中的土体位移场以及土体压力值，为理论研究提供依据。
附图说明
图1和图2为本发明正视图；
图3为本发明水袋示意图；
图4为本发明铁盒示意图；
图中，模型箱1、大隔板2、加压水箱3、恒压水箱4、千斤顶5、小隔板6、支架7、水袋8、铁盒9、轴杆10、第一进水阀门11、第一排水阀门12、第二排水阀门13、第二进水阀门14、第三进水阀门15、第一位移传感器16、第二位移传感器17、第一孔压传感器18、第二孔压传感器19、第三孔压传感器20、第四孔压传感器21、第五孔压传感器22、第六孔压传感器23、第一土压力传感器24、第二土压力传感器25、第三土压力传感器26、轴力计27。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方 式并不代表与本发明相一致的所有的实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附中权利要求书中所详述的，本发明的一些方面相一致的装置的例子。本说明书的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。
如图1和图2所示，本发明提供一种基坑开挖卸载联合作用下突涌灾变全过程，包括试验模块、加载模块、恒压模块、加压模块、测量模块；
所述试验模块包括模型箱1、大隔板2、小隔板6、水袋8；大隔板2设置在模型箱1中，与模型箱1底部焊接连接，将模型箱1分隔成左右两个区域，右边区域中填充有模拟土层试块，模拟土层试块左边挖去一块区域作为模拟基坑；小隔板6插入到模拟基坑中且通过加载模块将小隔板6顶在模拟土层试块上，作为模拟基坑支护；水袋8放置在模拟基坑中，水袋8充满液体后两边分别抵住大隔板2和小隔板6，用于模拟基坑开挖；
所述恒压模块通过管路通入到模拟土层试块底部、模拟基坑内以及模拟基坑外，保证模拟试验开始前承压水位、基坑内水位、基坑外水位相同；
所述加压模块通过管路通入到模拟土层试块底部，用于模拟承压水上顶；
所述测量模块用于获取加载模块的支护压力、基坑外侧的竖向位移值、主动土压力、被动土压力、模拟土层试块内的孔压值、模拟土层试块内的土压力值。
在本申请实施例中，所述加载模块包括千斤顶5、轴杆10和支架7；千斤顶5通过螺栓固定在支架7上，来提供反力，支架7通过螺栓固定在模型箱1的左边区域，所述大隔板2上设有孔洞以便轴杆10穿过，所述水袋8上也具有孔(如图3所示)，轴杆10穿过大隔板上预留的孔洞、带孔的水袋，接触支撑于小隔板上，以保证试验时小隔板的水平位移为零。轴杆10、大隔板2、水袋8接触面上涂抹凡士林以减小摩擦。
在本申请实施例中，所述模拟土层试块由砂土垫层和装于砂土垫层上部的黏土固结而成。
在本申请实施例中，所述水袋8内装有液体，液体的重度与试验所使用的黏土比重相同。
在本申请实施例中，试验开始前，水袋8中的液体高度与小隔板6右侧的模拟土层试块高度一致。
在本申请实施例中，所述液体为一定浓度的氯化锌溶液，质量浓度的范围为63％—68％，从而使得溶液重度与试验所使用的黏土比重相同或很相近。
在本申请实施例中，所述恒压模块包括恒压水箱4、第一进水阀门11、第一排水阀门12、第二排水阀门13、第二进水阀门14；恒压水箱4通过进水管将水箱中的水通到小隔板6的左侧模拟基坑中，此进水管中设置有第一进水阀门11，且还连接有排水管，排水管上设置有第二排水阀门13；恒压水箱4通过进水管将水箱中的水通到模拟土层试块的底部砂层中，此进水管中设置有第二进水阀门14；恒压水箱4通过进水管将水箱中的水通到小隔板6的右侧的模拟土层试块的顶部；将装有第一排水阀门12的进水管穿过大隔板2，安装于水袋8一侧的出水口处；通过上述管路的连接从而保证模拟试验开始前承压水位、基坑内水位、基坑外水位相同。
在本申请实施例中，所述恒压模块还包括铁盒9，如图4所示，铁盒9夹在模拟土层试块和模型箱1右侧壁之间，铁盒9底部具有进水口，恒压水箱4通过进水管与进水口相连，铁盒9侧壁上开有一个出水口，出水口位于模拟土层试块的顶部处。
在本申请实施例中，所述加压模块包括加压水箱3和第三进水阀门15；加压水箱3通过进水管将水箱中的水通到模拟土层试块的底部砂层中，此进水管中设置有第三进水阀门15。
试验模拟基坑开挖时，打开第一排水阀门12将水袋8中的溶液逐渐流出，同时关闭第一进水阀门11，打开第二排水阀门13，使得小隔板6内侧的水位逐渐下降；试验模拟承压水突涌时，关闭第二进水阀门14，打开第三进水阀门15，加压水箱3中的水通过进水管流到大隔板2右侧的底部砂层中，加压水箱3中的水位按试验设定的承压水位而定。
在本申请实施例中，所述测量模块包括第一位移传感器16、第二位移传感器17、第一孔压传感器18、第二孔压传感器19、第三孔压传感器20、第四孔压传感器21、第五孔压传感器22、第六孔压传感器23、第一土压力传感器24、第二土压力传感器25、第三土压力传感器26、轴力计27；
所述第一位移传感器16安装于土层表面，用于测量试验过程中模拟土层试块顶部的竖向位移；
所述第二位移传感器17安装于小隔板的右侧上，用于测量试验过程中小隔板的水平位移；
所述第一孔压传感器18安装于恒压水箱4底部，用于确定初始状态时的恒压水箱底部水压；
所述第二孔压传感器19安装于加压水箱3底部，用于确定给砂层加压时的水箱底部水压；
所述第三孔压传感器20安装于铁盒9底部，用于确定初始状态时模拟土层试块顶部表面的水压；
所述第四孔压传感器21安装于小隔板6右侧黏土中，高度与小隔板6底部相同，用于测量基坑外侧该高度的孔压；
所述第五孔压传感器22安装于小隔板6左侧黏土中，高度与小隔板6底部相同，用于测量基坑内侧该高度的孔压；
所述第六孔压传感器23安装于水袋8内底部，用于测量水袋8内底部的水压；
所述第一土压力传感器24安装于小隔板6左侧黏土中，高度与小隔板6底部相同，用于测量基坑外侧该高度的土层压力；
所述第二土压力传感器25安装于小隔板6与模拟土层试块接触面上，用于接触面土层压力；
所述第三土压力传感器26安装于小隔板6的左侧面，用于左侧面土层压力；
所述轴力计27安装在测量千斤顶5和轴杆10之间，用于测量小隔板6的支护压力。
本发明模拟基坑开挖时软弱土层在承压水上顶和基坑开挖卸载联合作用下突涌灾变全过程的试验具体实施过程如下：
1.将制备好的砂土装入模型箱1的右侧区域；将制备好的黏土装于砂土垫层的上部，并在1g条件下进行固结；固结完成后，埋入第四孔压传感器21、第五孔压传感器22和第一土压力传感器24；在试验土中，将小隔板2插入到土体的一定深度，模拟基坑支护，并将第二土压力传感器25、第三土压力传感器26埋入；将小隔板6左侧的部分土体挖去，并将水袋8放入基坑中；用轴力计27将千斤顶5与轴杆10连接，将轴杆10穿过大隔板2上预留的孔洞和水袋8上的孔；打开千斤顶5，使得轴力计27上有压力读数，保证轴杆10刚刚顶到小隔板6；将装有第一排水阀门12的进水管穿过大隔板2，安装于带孔的水袋8一侧的出水口处；关闭第一排水阀门12，向带孔的水袋8中倒入一定浓度的氯化锌溶液，高度与小隔板6右侧的土层顶面齐平，以模拟挖去土体的自重；安装第一位移传感器16和第二位移传感器17；
2.关闭第一进水阀门11、第二排水阀门13、第二进水阀门14，向恒压水箱4中注入水，水位高度与试验土顶面高度齐平；关闭第三进水阀门15，向加压水箱3中注入水，水位高度与设计的承压水头压力一致；打开第二进水阀门14，恒压水箱4中的水流入砂层，使得初始状态砂层内的水位与恒压水箱4中的水位一致，然后关闭第二进水阀门14；打开第一进水阀门11，恒压水箱4中的水流入基坑内侧，使得初始状态小隔板左侧的水位与恒压水箱4中的水位一致，然后关闭第一进水阀门11；
3.打开离心机，模型箱1内的土体在ng的重力加速度下固结；待土体固结完成，打开第一排水阀门12，逐步排出水袋8中的氯化锌溶液，同时打开第二排水阀门13，使得基坑内侧的水 位下降，模拟基坑开挖；轴杆10保持小隔板6在开挖过程中的水平位移不变，轴力计27可获得轴杆10上的支护压力；
4.等到第六孔压传感器23的读数为零后，打开第三进水阀门15，加压水箱3中的水流入砂层，模拟承压水位骤升，这时模型箱1中的黏土层将受到砂层中承压水的上顶作用，当承压水位足够高时，基坑将会发生突涌破坏。试验期间，第一位移传感器16可获得基坑外侧的竖向位移值；小隔板6外侧的第二土压力传感器25可获得对应位置的主动土压力；小隔板6内侧的第三土压力传感器26可获得对应位置的被动土压力；第四孔压传感器21、第五孔压传感器22可获得土体内对应位置的孔压值；第一土压力传感器24可获得土体内对应位置的土压力值；试验结束时，关闭第三进水阀门15，加压终止。至此，试验结束。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，用于模拟基坑开挖时软弱土层在承压水上顶和基坑开挖卸载联合作用下突涌灾变全过程，其特征在于，包括试验模块、加载模块、恒压模块、加压模块、测量模块；
    所述试验模块包括模型箱、大隔板、小隔板、水袋；大隔板设置在模型箱中且将模型箱分隔成左右两个区域，右边区域中填充有模拟土层试块，模拟土层试块左边挖去一块区域作为模拟基坑；小隔板插入到模拟基坑中且通过加载模块将小隔板顶在模拟土层试块上，作为模拟基坑支护；水袋放置在模拟基坑中，水袋充满液体后两边分别抵住大隔板和小隔板，用于模拟基坑开挖；
    所述恒压模块通过管路通入到模拟土层试块底部、模拟基坑内以及模拟基坑外，保证模拟试验开始前承压水位、基坑内水位、基坑外水位相同；
    所述加压模块通过管路通入到模拟土层试块底部，用于模拟承压水上顶；
    所述测量模块用于获取加载模块的支护压力、基坑外侧的竖向位移值、主动土压力、被动土压力、模拟土层试块内的孔压值、模拟土层试块内的土压力值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，其特征在于，所述加载模块包括千斤顶、轴杆和支架；千斤顶通过支架固定在模型箱的左边区域，所述大隔板上设有孔洞以便轴杆穿过，千斤顶通过轴杆顶住小隔板。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，其特征在于，所述模拟土层试块由砂土垫层和装于砂土垫层上部的黏土固结而成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，其特征在于，所述水袋内装有液体，液体的重度与试验所使用的黏土比重相同。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，其特征在于，试验开始前，水袋中的液体高度与小隔板右侧的模拟土层试块高度一致。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，其特征在于，所述液体为氯化锌溶液。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，其特征在于，所述恒压模块包括恒压水箱、第一进水阀门、第一排水阀门、第二排水阀门、第二进水阀门；恒压水箱通过进水管将水箱中的水通到小隔板的左侧模拟基坑中，此进水管中设置有第一进水阀门，且还连接有排水管，排水管上设置有第二排水阀门；恒压水箱通过进水管将水箱中的水通到模拟土层试 块的底部砂层中，此进水管中设置有第二进水阀门；恒压水箱通过进水管将水箱中的水通到小隔板的右侧的模拟土层试块的顶部；将装有第一排水阀门的进水管穿过大隔板，通过法兰盘固定安装于水袋一侧的出水口处。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，其特征在于，所述恒压模块还包括铁盒，铁盒夹在模拟土层试块和模型箱右侧壁之间，铁盒底部具有进水口，恒压水箱通过进水管与进水口相连，铁盒侧壁上开有一个出水槽，出水槽位于模拟土层试块的顶部处。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，其特征在于，所述加压模块包括加压水箱和第三进水阀门；加压水箱通过进水管将水箱中的水通到模拟土层试块的底部砂层中，此进水管中设置有第三进水阀门。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种模拟基坑突涌灾变全过程的装置，其特征在于，所述测量模块包括第一位移传感器、第二位移传感器、第一孔压传感器、第二孔压传感器、第三孔压传感器、第四孔压传感器、第五孔压传感器、第六孔压传感器、第一土压力传感器、第二土压力传感器、第三土压力传感器、轴力计；
    所述第一位移传感器用于测量试验过程中模拟土层试块顶部的竖向位移；
    所述第二位移传感器用于测量试验过程中小隔板的水平位移；
    所述第一孔压传感器用于确定初始状态时的恒压水箱底部水压；
    所述第二孔压传感器用于确定给砂层加压时的水箱底部水压；
    所述第三孔压传感器用于确定初始状态时模拟土层试块顶部表面的水压；
    所述第四孔压传感器安装于小隔板右侧黏土中，高度与小隔板底部相同，用于测量基坑外侧该高度的孔压；
    所述第五孔压传感器安装于小隔板左侧黏土中，高度与小隔板底部相同，用于测量基坑内侧该高度的孔压；
    所述第六孔压传感器用于测量水袋内底部的水压；
    所述第一土压力传感器安装于小隔板左侧黏土中，高度与小隔板底部相同，用于测量基坑外侧该高度的土层压力；
    所述第二土压力传感器安装于小隔板与模拟土层试块接触面上，用于接触面土层压力；
    所述第三土压力传感器安装于小隔板的左侧面，用于左侧面土层压力；
    所述轴力计安装在测量千斤顶和轴杆之间，用于测量小隔板的支护压力。
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