WO2021031150A1 - 可持续性探测的电极装置 - Google Patents

可持续性探测的电极装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021031150A1
WO2021031150A1 PCT/CN2019/101783 CN2019101783W WO2021031150A1 WO 2021031150 A1 WO2021031150 A1 WO 2021031150A1 CN 2019101783 W CN2019101783 W CN 2019101783W WO 2021031150 A1 WO2021031150 A1 WO 2021031150A1
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electrode
sustainability
electrode device
storage cylinder
liquid storage
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PCT/CN2019/101783
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English (en)
French (fr)
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林家莹
林家龙
林必盛
张加强
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林必盛
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/101783 priority Critical patent/WO2021031150A1/zh
Publication of WO2021031150A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021031150A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/296—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electromyography [EMG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/251—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/263—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials
    • A61B5/266—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials containing electrolytes, conductive gels or pastes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/271—Arrangements of electrodes with cords, cables or leads, e.g. single leads or patient cord assemblies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/389—Electromyography [EMG]
    • A61B5/395—Details of stimulation, e.g. nerve stimulation to elicit EMG response
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6814—Head
    • A61B5/6819—Nose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0526—Head electrodes
    • A61N1/0546—Nasal electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode device; in particular, it refers to an electrode device for continuous detection, which can monitor the electrical signals of the skin or mucous membrane on the surface of the patient at any time.
  • EMG diagnostic examination basically includes three parts: 1. Nerve conduction studies (nerve conduction studies) 2. Needle electromyography (needle electromyography) 3. Evoked potentials (evoked potentials). Clinically, the above-mentioned examinations can help diagnose central nerve, peripheral nerve and muscle diseases.
  • nerve conduction examination and needle electromyography can help detect the nature of the disease (differentiate nerves Disease or muscle disease), location (nerve root, plexus, or peripheral neuropathy) and severity, to assist in correct clinical diagnosis, selection of treatment methods, and evaluation of effects and prognosis.
  • the following is only a general introduction to the electromyographic diagnosis of nerve conduction examination:
  • Nerve conduction test is to stimulate the tested nerve with electrodes, and record the potential on the sensory nerve or muscle innervated by it to obtain sensory nerve action potential, compound muscle action potential, and Inspection of special reflected potential waves (H-reflex and F-response).
  • the inspection method is to stimulate the tested nerve (except for H reflex) with supramaximal stimulation, so that all axons of the nerve are excited at the same time, and a maximum response wave is obtained.
  • the conduction latency Latency, amplitude, surface area, and conduction velocity (nerve conduction velocity), and then compared with the normal value, can help distinguish the nerve axonopathy (axonopathy) or myelination (demyelination).
  • the prior art mainly uses a set of surface electrodes attached to the surface of the human body to measure the potential change of the muscle group. After a computer operation, various potential wave cycle charts are generated for an operator to read relevant physiological data, such as The literature journal-Clinical Neurophysiology 110 (1999) 2171-2175 is compared with 7 kinds of common surface electrodes. The main difference lies in materials, disposables, and contact surface area.
  • the appearance of the prior art is mainly flat and rod-shaped. Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2. Since the human skin is microscopically structured with multiple arcs, when the flat electrode is placed on When the electrode is on the skin of the human body, the contact area that the electrode can detect is only multiple points; when the rod-shaped electrode is placed on the skin of the human body, the contact area that the electrode can detect is only a large amount.
  • the signal source is not comprehensive enough to cause more noise. Therefore, if the stability of the signal is to be further improved, the physiological data obtained can fully meet the clinical needs. Based on the above-mentioned defects in consideration, it shows the background technology There is still a certain degree of room for improvement, and further improvements must be made to the internal structure of the surface electrode.
  • the present invention provides an electrode device for sustainable detection, which mainly uses fiber materials and has fuzz-like electrode parts with electrolytic fluid to measure the patient's area to be measured, and directly monitors it with an electrical signal monitor
  • the electrical signal of any surface skin position or mucosal position of the human body can judge the potential change of the patient's surface skin or mucosa, or introduce current into the human body, in the hope that it can be applied to most patients in medical places in the future.
  • the present invention provides an electrode device for sustainable detection, which is used to receive electrical signals on any surface skin or mucous membrane of a human body.
  • the electrode device includes: a fixing frame with a fixing groove on one side; a sponge body. Correspondingly embedded in the fixing groove in a detachable manner, and the sponge ring is provided with an embedding groove for electrical signals that directly touch the surface skin or mucous membrane to be read; a liquid feeding tube with one end Both are connected with a liquid storage cylinder capable of storing an electrolytic fluid, the other end is connected to the embedding groove, and one end of the liquid storage cylinder is provided with a coupling piece; and an electrode element which penetrates the inside of the liquid feeding pipe , And one end of the electrode element is set in the embedding groove, and the other end of the electrode element is set inside the liquid storage cylinder, wherein the electrode element is made of a plurality of resilient fiber threads , So that the electrolytic fluid can gradually flow into the embedding groove along the electrode element; thus,
  • the fixing frame adapts to the shape of the position to be measured, and the sponge body is close to the place to be measured, and the electrode parts in the sponge body will be exposed from the buried wire groove and directly touch the surface to be read Skin or mucous membrane location.
  • one of the objectives of the present invention is to use resilient fiber wires as the material of the electrode member, and match the electrolytic fluid to infiltrate and conduct electricity. Therefore, the electrode member can be improved due to surface tension. With the uneven surface, it bends and completely adheres to the skin or mucous membrane of the human body, so that the degree of close fit is higher, and the electrical signal that can be read is stronger.
  • the second object of the present invention is that one end of the liquid storage cylinder is provided with an open port and can be provided with a rubber plug to prevent leakage of the electrolytic fluid from the liquid storage cylinder.
  • the storage cylinder is provided with a liquid absorbing sponge for binding the electrode member, and when the electrolytic fluid penetrates into the liquid absorbing sponge, the electrolytic fluid can be transferred to the embedding groove in a capillary manner.
  • the third object of the present invention is that the shape of the fixing frame is not limited, and the shape of the fixing frame is designed correspondingly according to different positions of the human body to be measured.
  • the shape of the fixing frame is designed It is a hollow ring structure, mainly applied to the oropharynx and intestines; the shape of the fixing frame is designed as a half-elastic structure or a half-removable elastic structure, mainly applied to the nose and anus; the fixing frame Its shape is designed as a round cake-like structure, which is mainly applied to the skin surface.
  • the aforementioned electrode device for sustainability detection wherein the resilient fiber thread used in the electrode part belongs to a flock-like thin thread entangled by a plurality of thin fiber threads.
  • the resilient fiber thread used in the electrode part belongs to a flock-like thin thread entangled by a plurality of thin fiber threads.
  • the aforementioned electrode device for sustainability detection wherein the electrode member further comprises a silver thread, and the silver thread is co-wound with the plurality of fiber threads.
  • the aforementioned electrode device for sustainability detection wherein the liquid storage cylinder is provided with a liquid absorbent sponge for binding the electrode member.
  • the aforementioned electrode device for sustainability detection wherein the coupling member is connected to an electrical signal monitor for monitoring electrical signals at the surface of the skin or mucous membrane.
  • an open port is provided at one end of the liquid storage cylinder and a rubber stopper is provided to prevent leakage of the electrolytic fluid.
  • the shape of the fixing frame is a hollow ring structure.
  • the shape of the fixing frame is an elastic structure that can be detached in half.
  • the outer shape of the fixing frame is a semi-elastic structure.
  • the outer shape of the fixing frame is a circular pie-shaped structure.
  • a tin assembly is provided between the coupling member and the liquid storage cylinder.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planar electrode member in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rod-shaped electrode element in the prior art.
  • Figure 3A is a perspective view of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3B is a partially enlarged view of Fig. 3A.
  • Figure 4A is an exploded schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4B is a partially enlarged view of Fig. 4A.
  • Figure 4C is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the sponge body and the electrode parts.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the state of use of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the pre-operation of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a microscopic schematic view of the state of use of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 11 to 13 are graphs of electromyographic signals for swallowing response of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is an electrocardiogram signal diagram of the present invention placed around the heart.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the electrode element of the present invention.
  • Figures 3A to 5 are the three-dimensional external view of the present invention and its enlarged view
  • Figures 4A and 4B are the exploded schematic view of the present invention and its enlarged view
  • Figure 4C is part of the components Schematic.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the state of use of the present invention.
  • the electrode device for sustainability detection of the present invention can be used to receive electrical signals on any surface skin or mucous membrane of a human body, and includes:
  • a fixing frame 10 is provided with a fixing groove 11 on one side.
  • the appearance design of the fixing frame 10 must be changed correspondingly to suit the shape of the position to be measured because of different human positions to be measured. A better feedback signal is obtained.
  • the shape of the fixing frame 10 is a half-elastic (half-bullet-shaped) structure, and can be used mainly for small tube organs placed in the nose and anus.
  • one end of the liquid storage tube 40 has an open Port 41
  • the other end of the liquid storage cylinder 40 is provided with a coupling member 42, wherein the open port 41 can be provided with a rubber plug 60 to prevent leakage of the electrolytic fluid 50 from occurring.
  • the coupling member 42 can be used for An electrical signal monitor 70 is connected to monitor and receive electrical signals from the skin surface or mucous membrane position, or to direct current into the coupling member 42; in addition, the liquid storage cylinder 40 is provided with a liquid absorption sponge 80 to make the The electrolytic fluid 50 stably stays on one side of the liquid storage cylinder 40.
  • a tin kit 43 can be provided between the coupling member 42 and the liquid storage cylinder 40, which has relatively stable chemical properties and can be Avoid direct contact between the electrolytic fluid 50 and the coupling member 42 to cause an oxidation reaction.
  • An electrode member 90 that can be inserted through the inside of the liquid feeding pipe 30, and one end of the electrode member 90 can be set in the wire embedding groove 21, and the other end of the electrode member 90 can be fastened to the liquid storage cylinder
  • a silver wire 91A can be further added, and the silver wire 91A is wound with several fiber wires 92A.
  • two fiber wires 92A is wound with a silver thread 91A located in the center, but the winding form is not limited to this; this can prevent the nylon fiber thread 92A from being unable to be effectively fixed due to springback, and the silver thread 91A can enhance the fixation.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the pre-operation of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a microscopic schematic diagram of the use state of the present invention.
  • the fixing frame 10 is directly installed on the nose of the human body.
  • the sponge body 20 is pressed against the place to be measured, and the electrode member 90 in the sponge body 20 will be exposed from the embedding groove 21 and directly touch the surface skin or mucosa to be read.
  • the fiber thread used belongs to a kind of wool-like thin thread twisted by multiple thin fiber threads.
  • the inside of the electrode member 90 is a microscopic structure, when the electrolytic fluid 50 approaches the electrode member 90, Capillary phenomenon will occur; among them, as shown in Fig. 6, the user can also insert the rubber stopper 60 by means of a syringe to replenish the electrolysis fluid 50 in a timely manner, inject into the liquid reservoir 40 and soak the liquid absorbent sponge 80, the electrolysis Due to the capillary phenomenon, the fluid 50 flows slowly from the liquid absorbing sponge 80 along the electrode element 90 into the thread embedding groove 21 and is infiltrated. When the electrode element 90 infiltrated in the electrolytic fluid 50 touches any surface skin or mucosa of the human body.
  • the coupling member 42 can guide the electrical signal of its position to the outside or lead the external current into the human body along the device of the present invention.
  • the electrode member 90 arranged in the wire buried groove 21 will be completely due to surface tension. Attached to the skin surface, resulting in a higher degree of tightness, the smaller the resistance, the stronger the signal that can be read, and at the same time, the contact area of the thin wire electrode 90 that can touch the skin Also, the smaller the resistance, the stronger the electrical signal that can be read. Therefore, the problem of more noise caused by insufficient signal source acquisition in the prior art can be solved.
  • the electrolysis fluid can be saline.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of still another preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention. Schematic.
  • the exterior design of the fixing frame 10 must be changed correspondingly, or more than one set of structures can be added to meet the measurement requirements to meet the data requirements of the above-mentioned positions to be measured, such as :
  • the shape of the fixing frame 10 is designed to be a hollow ring structure, it can be mainly sheathed in an implant and further applied to the oropharynx and intestines to measure the inner wall of the above-mentioned organs;
  • the shape of the fixing frame 10 is It is designed as a detachable elastic structure, which can be enlarged and applied to one side or both sides of the nose, and can also be directly put into the anus for application; if the shape of the fixing frame 10 is designed as a round cake The structure can be directly attached to the skin surface and used directly.
  • the design of the present invention is an electrode device for sustainable detection, which can monitor the electrical signals of the skin or mucous membrane on the human body surface at any time. It mainly uses resilient fiber wires as the electrode material. With the electrolytic fluid 50 infiltrating and conducting, the electrode element 90 can be completely attached to the position to be measured on the human body by using physical principles, so that it has a higher degree of close fit and a larger contact area.
  • the electrical signals that can be read are Strong;
  • the design of the two ends and the inside of the liquid storage cylinder 40 can prevent leakage, and can also supplement the electrolytic fluid 50 for injection in a timely manner. It can also be used as an intermediary for guiding electrical signals to the outside or introducing current into the human body.
  • the present invention does not limit the shape design of the fixing frame 10. According to different human body positions to be measured, the design of the fixing frame 10 is correspondingly changed.
  • the design of the fixing frame 10 is correspondingly changed.
  • the elastic structure, a round pie-shaped structure and a hollow ring-shaped structure have their corresponding functions and uses; the above method can be used to detect uneven surfaces, and can also be used with higher detection Response, it is convenient for the tester to monitor the needs of physiological data to meet the needs of clinical trials.
  • the focus of the present invention should be whether the electrode element 90 located in the sponge body 20 can be completely attached to the skin surface to generate high-sensitivity data feedback and eliminate more background noise.
  • the fixing frame 10 is matched according to the position of the body to be measured.
  • the physiological structure of the human body corresponding to the design of the fixing frame 10, can achieve a certain fixing effect on the sponge body 20; in the present invention, the electrode member 90 is embedded in the sponge body 20 and can be infiltrated
  • the sponge body 20 is directly attached to any surface skin of the human body, wherein the plurality of pores of the sponge body 20 can distribute the electrolytic fluid 50 into a plurality of small water droplets.
  • the surface tension generated by each of the small water droplets can be It assists the sponge body 20 to stick to the skin surface, and at the same time, it can also make the electrode member 90 have the effect of adsorbing to the skin surface to a certain extent (microscopically as shown in Figure 7), therefore, the electrode provided in the buried groove 21 The member 90 will be completely attached to the skin surface due to surface tension, resulting in a higher degree of tight fit.
  • the sponge 20 that is not soaked in the electrolytic fluid 50 cannot be directly attached to the skin surface effectively, and the sponge 20 that has been soaked in the electrolytic fluid 50 can be easily attached to the skin surface.
  • This experiment uses three different placement positions to test the electrical circuit for the same part to be tested.
  • the pre-work needs to set the infiltrated cavernous body 20 on the surface of the hand skin, and use a nerve stimulator to set parameters to generate electricity to check the electrical circuit. Whether it is on or not, the above result can be directly judged by the parameter symbol of the nerve stimulator, or by visually observing whether the muscle has a twitching response, and at the same time, confirm whether the sponge 20 has fallen off;
  • the neurostimulator When the electrical circuit is complete, the neurostimulator will display the icon symbol of "on”, and the muscle will twitch, which also means that the corpus cavernosum 20 has been successfully installed and the subsequent EMG signal test experiment can be performed;
  • the neurostimulator When the electrical circuit cannot be turned on, the neurostimulator will display the "open circuit" icon symbol, and the muscles will not twitch. This also means that the cavernous body 20 has not fallen off, which means that the EMG device cannot be connected. The connection that generates data feedback must be rectified.
  • the present inventors directly inserted the sheet-shaped sponge 20 into the inner wall of the oropharynx and recorded the oropharyngeal EMG signal during swallowing.
  • the results of the three tests are shown in Figures 11-13.
  • the EMG instrument When the subject has a swallowing action due to physiological needs, an obvious EMG signal will appear. When there is no swallowing action, the EMG signal tends to be stable without excessive background noise, which is sufficient to prove that the product of the present invention has Certain monitoring ability, and the use of the floc-like thin wire electrode element 90, its sensitivity is quite high, it can also show that the way of attaching and fixing the physiological structure of the human body with the infiltration state can be implemented according to the method of monitoring the EMG signal .
  • the inventors set the sheet-like sponge 20 on the skin surface of the heart part, and record the electromyographic signal (ECG signal) of the test heart part.
  • ECG signal electromyographic signal
  • the test result is shown in Figure 14.
  • the muscle of the heart part The electrical signal is stable and there is no excessive background noise, which is sufficient to prove that the product of the present invention has good sensitivity and good signal.
  • the electrolytic fluid 50 of the present invention can be installed in the liquid storage cylinder 40.
  • the long-term transmission of capillary phenomenon to the sponge body 20 for supply, in order to achieve the purpose of continuous observation and monitoring of myoelectric signal, also shows that the method of attaching and fixing in the infiltration state has a certain basis for implementation.
  • the X-axis is time (s) and the Y-axis is voltage (uV).
  • s time
  • uV voltage
  • the feature of the present invention is to provide experimental data to support the accuracy of the EMG signal and how to fix the present invention on the part to be tested.
  • Experiments 2 and 3 provide experimental demonstrations and related data feedback for detecting oral parts and heart parts.
  • Experiment 1 uses the sponge body 20 to be attached to the position to be measured in a wet manner to generate a certain adsorption force, so as to achieve the purpose of fixation, and is assisted by a neurostimulator for inspection After the product is installed, whether the electrical circuit is turned on, and whether the sponge 20 has fallen off, to facilitate the subsequent EMG signal test, even if it is installed in the oral cavity, it can be fixed by the physiological structure around the position to be tested, and The high sensitivity is supported by experimental data.

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Abstract

一种可持续性探测的电极装置，包含有：一固定架，其一侧设有一固定槽；一海绵体，其以可拆卸的方式对应嵌固于该固定槽，且该海绵体环设有一埋线槽，并可供直接碰触于待读取的表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号；一送液管，其一端皆连接设有一可存放一电解流体的储液筒，另一端连接于该埋线槽，而该储液筒的一端设有一耦合件；以及一电极件，其可穿设于该送液管的内部，且该电极件的一端可设置于该埋线槽，并将该电极件的另一端设置于该储液筒的内部；当浸润于该电解流体的电极件接触于人体任一表面皮肤或黏膜位置时，该耦合件可将其电信号导引至外界或将电流导入人体，可随时监控病患相关位置的电信号，以期未来可适用于应用在医疗场所中多数的患者。

Description

可持续性探测的电极装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电极装置；尤指一种可持续性探测的电极装置，可随时监控病患表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号。
背景技术
现有皮肤表面电信号的技术中，以肌电诊断(electrodiagnosis)为较佳的范例说明，其主要是利用神经及肌肉的电生理特性，以电流刺激神经记录其运动和感觉的反应波；或用针极记录肌肉的电生理活动。来辅助诊断神经肌肉疾患的检查。肌电诊断检查基本上包括三大部分:1.神经传导检查(nerve conduction studies)2.针极肌电图检查(needle electromyography)3.诱发电位检查(evoked potentials)。临床上借着上述检查可帮助诊断中枢神经、周边神经及肌肉病变。特别是对于下运动神经元、神经根、神经丛、神经肌肉接点(neuromuscular junction)，乃至肌肉的各种异常，神经传导检查及针极肌电图检查均可帮助侦测病变的性质(区分神经病变或肌肉病变)、位置(神经根、丛、或周边神经病变)及严重度，以协助正确临床诊断、选择治疗方式，及评估效果与预后。以下仅针对神经传导检查的肌电诊断检查作一概括介绍：
神经传导检查是以电极刺激受测神经，而于其支配的感觉神经或肌肉上记录电位，以得到感觉神经电位波(sensory nerve action potential)、复合肌肉动作电位波(compound muscle action potential)，及特殊反射的电位波(H-reflex及F-response)的检查。检查方法是以超大电量刺激(supramaximal stimulation)来刺激受测神经(H反射例外)，以使该神经所有轴突均同时兴奋，而得到一最大反应波，根据此最大反应波的传导潜期(latency)，振幅(amplitude)，表面积(surface area)，及传导速度(nerve conduction velocity)，再与正常值作比较，可以帮助区别神经的轴突病变(axonopathy)或髓鞘病变(demyelination)。
现有技术主要是以一组表面电极贴附于人体表面以量测肌肉群的电位变化，经由计算机运算后，产出各种电位波周期图表，以供一操 作者读取相关生理数据，如文献期刊-Clinical Neurophysiology 110(1999)2171-2175所示，并以7种坊间常见的表面电极进行比较，主要差异性在于材料、可抛弃式、接触表面积，其结果可得知，当接触面积越小，其电阻越大，所能读取到的信号则较微弱；此外，表面电极的感测区与待测区域的紧密贴合程度越高，其电阻越小，所能读取到的信号则较强，然而，上述现有一般所采用的贴片式电极皆无法完整贴附于表面，造成信号呈现较为混乱，无法有效读取，且大部分皆为可抛弃式，容易造成患者的医疗负担。
现有技术的外型，主要为平面状、棒状的外型，请参阅图1及图2所示，由于人体皮肤于微观上属于多个弧凸状的结构，当平面状的电极件放置于人体的皮肤上时，电极件所能侦测到的接触面积仅为多个点状；当棒状的电极件放置于人体的皮肤上时，电极件所能侦测到的接触面积亦仅为多个点状，信号源取得不够全面造成杂讯较多，因此，若要进一步提升信号的稳定度，以期所获得的生理数据可完全符合临床上的需求，依据上述种种考虑的缺陷，足见背景技术仍存在有一定程度的改进空间，须针对表面电极的内部结构作进一步改善。
发明内容
有鉴于上述缺点，本发明提供一种可持续性探测的电极装置，主要采用纤维材料且具有絮毛状的电极件搭配电解流体量测患者的待测区域，并以一电信号监视器直接监控人体任一表面皮肤位置或黏膜位置的电信号，判断患者的表面皮肤或黏膜的电位变化，或将电流导入人体，以期未来可适于应用在医疗场所中多数的患者。
本发明提供一种可持续性探测的电极装置，供用于接收一人体任一表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号，其包含有：一固定架，其一侧设有一固定槽；一海绵体，其以可拆卸的方式对应嵌固于该固定槽，且该海绵体环设有一埋线槽，并供直接碰触于待读取的表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号；一送液管，其一端皆连接设有一能够存放一电解流体的储液筒，另一端连接于该埋线槽，而该储液筒的一端设有一耦合件；以及一电极件，其穿设于该送液管的内部，且该电极件的一端设置于该埋线槽，并将该电极件的另一端设置于该储液筒的内部，其中，该 电极件是由多条具可回弹性的纤维线所制成，使该电解流体能够顺着该电极件逐渐流入该埋线槽；由此，当浸润于该电解流体的电极件接触于人体任一表面皮肤或黏膜位置时，该耦合件能够将其电信号导引至外界或将电流导入人体。
本发明使用时，固定架适应待测位置的外型，并使海绵体贴靠于待测之处，而海绵体中的电极件便会自埋线槽外露而直接碰触于待读取的表面皮肤或黏膜位置。
通过上述，本发明目的之一，其中，主要是利用具可回弹性的纤维线作为该电极件的材料，并搭配该电解流体浸润导电，由此，该电极件可因表面张力的关系因此可以随着凹凸不平的表面而弯曲进而完整服贴于人体的表面皮肤或黏膜位置，使得紧密贴合程度较高，所能读取到的电信号则较强。
通过上述，本发明目的之二，其中，该储液筒的一端设有一开放口，并可供设置一橡皮塞，以避免该电解流体于储液筒发生渗漏的情况发生，此外，该储液筒内部设有一可供该电极件绑固的吸液海绵，当该电解流体渗入该吸液海绵时，可将该电解流体以毛细现象的方式传送至该埋线槽。
通过上述，本发明目的之三，其中，不限制该固定架的外型，并根据不同人体待测量的位置，对应设计固定架的外型，于本发明实施例中，该固定架的外形设计为中空环状的结构，主要施用于口咽、肠道；该固定架的外形设计为一半弹状的结构或一可对半拆卸的弹状结构，主要施用于鼻部、肛门；该固定架的外形设计为圆饼状的结构，主要施用于皮肤表面。
优选地，前述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该电极件所采用具可回弹性的纤维线属于一种由多条纤维细线所缠绕而成的毛絮状细线，当该电解流体碰触该电极件时，会产生毛细现象。
优选地，前述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该电极件进一步包含一银丝线，该银丝线与该多条纤维线共同缠绕。
优选地，前述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该储液筒内部设有一供该电极件绑固的吸液海绵。
优选地，前述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该耦合件连接 一电信号监视器，用以监测该表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号。
优选地，前述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该储液筒的一端设有一开放口，并设置一橡皮塞，以供避免该电解流体外漏的情况。
优选地，前述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该固定架的外形为一中空环状的结构。
优选地，前述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该固定架的外形为一能够对半拆卸的弹状结构。
优选地，前述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该固定架的外形为一半弹状的结构。
优选地，前述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该固定架的外形为一圆饼状的结构。
优选地，前述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该耦合件与该储液筒之间设置一锡质套件。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的平面状电极件示意图。
图2为现有技术的棒面状电极件示意图。
图3A为本发明的立体外观图。
图3B为图3A的部分放大图。
图4A为本发明的分解示意图。
图4B为图4A的部分放大图。
图4C为海绵体及电极件的设置示意图。
图5为本发明使用状态的示意图。
图6为本发明前置作业的示意图。
图7为本发明使用状态的微观示意图。
图8为本发明另一较佳实施例的示意图。
图9为本发明再一较佳实施例的示意图。
图10为本发明又一较佳实施例的示意图。
图11至图13为本发明针对吞咽反应的肌电信号图。
图14为本发明设置于心脏周围部位的心电信号图。
图15为本发明的电极件的另一实施例示意图。
附图标记说明：
10固定架                 11固定槽
20海绵体                 21埋线槽
30送液管                 40储液筒
41开放口                 42耦合件
43锡质套件               50电解流体
60橡皮塞                 70电信号监视器
80吸液海绵               90、90A电极件
91A银丝线                92A纤维线。
具体实施方式
以下配合附图及本发明的较佳实施例，进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段。
请参阅图3A～图5所示，图3A及图3B为本发明的立体外观图及其放大图，图4A及图4B为本发明的分解示意图及其放大图，图4C为其中部分元件的示意图。图5为本发明使用状态的示意图。本发明的可持续性探测的电极装置，可供用于接收一人体任一表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号，其包括有：
一固定架10，其一侧设有一固定槽11，于本发明中，由于根据不同人体待测量的位置，须对应改变该固定架10的外型设计，以适应待测位置的外形，方可得到较佳的回馈信号，于本实施例中，该固定架10的外形为一半弹状(半颗子弹形状)的结构，主要可施用置入于鼻部、肛门的小管部器官。
一海绵体20，其以可拆卸的方式对应嵌固于该固定槽11，且该海绵体20环设有一埋线槽21(如图4C所示)，电极件90的一端可设置于埋线槽21中，埋线槽21可供电极件90外露而直接碰触于待读取的表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号(如图4C所示)。
一送液管30，其一端皆连接设有一可存放一电解流体50的储液筒40，另一端连接于该埋线槽21，于本实施例中，该储液筒40的一端具有一开放口41，该储液筒40的另一端设有一耦合件42，其中，该开放口41可设置一橡皮塞60，以供避免该电解流体50发生渗漏的情况 发生，该耦合件42可供连接一电信号监视器70，用以监测接收该皮肤表面或黏膜位置的电信号，或可将电流导入该耦合件42；此外，该储液筒40内部设有一吸液海绵80，可令该电解流体50稳定地停留于该储液筒40内部的一侧，于本实施例中，该耦合件42与该储液筒40之间可设置一锡质套件43，其化学性质较为稳定，可避免该电解流体50直接与该耦合件42碰触造成氧化反应。
一电极件90，其可穿设于该送液管30的内部，且该电极件90的一端可设置于该埋线槽21，并将该电极件90的另一端绑固于该储液筒40的内部的吸液海绵80，其中，该电极件90是由多条具可回弹性的纤维线所制成，纤维线较佳为尼龙材料，但不以此为限；当该电解流体50渗入该吸液海绵时，该电解流体50可顺着该电极件90逐渐流入该埋线槽21。
另外，请参阅图15所示，在电极件90A的另一实施例中，可进一步加入银丝线91A，银丝线91A与数条纤维线92A共同缠绕，在本实施例中，以两条纤维线92A缠绕一条位于中心的银丝线91A，但其缠绕形式不以此为限；由此可避免尼龙材料的纤维线92A因为回弹而无法有效固定，银丝线91A可增强固定性。
以上即为本发明的一较佳实施例基本结构概述及元件组装过程，并其所能达成的功效原理陈述如下：
请参阅图6及图7所示，图6为本发明前置作业的示意图，图7为本发明使用状态的微观示意图。当一施术者操作本发明设置于该人体任一表面皮肤或黏膜位置欲撷取该位置的电信号时，于本实施例中，便是将该固定架10直接设置于人体的鼻部，并由海绵体20贴靠于欲量测之处，而海绵体20中的电极件90便会自埋线槽21外露而直接碰触于待读取的表面皮肤或黏膜位置，该电极件90所采用的纤维线属于一种由多条纤维细线所缠绕而成的毛絮状细线，由于该电极件90内部微观上属于一细微结构，当该电解流体50接近该电极件90时，便会产生毛细现象；其中，如图6所示，使用者亦可利用针筒方式插入该橡皮塞60适时补充该电解流体50注入于该储液筒40浸润于该吸液海绵80，该电解流体50便因毛细现象由该吸液海绵80顺着该电极件90缓缓流入于该埋线槽21浸润，当浸润于该电解流体50的电极件90接 触于人体任一表面皮肤或黏膜位置时，该耦合件42可将其位置的电信号导引至外界或将外界的电流顺着本发明的装置导入人体，此时，设置于该埋线槽21的电极件90会因表面张力完全贴附到皮肤表面，造成紧密贴合程度较高，其电阻越小，所能读取到的信号则较强，同时，毛絮状细线的电极件90所能碰触到皮肤的接触面积也较多，其电阻越小，所能读取到的电信号亦较强，由此，便可解决现有技术上因信号源取得不够全面造成杂讯较多的问题，于本实施例中，该电解流体可为生理食盐水。
请参阅图8～图10所示，图8为本发明另一较佳实施例的示意图，图9为本发明再一较佳实施例的示意图，图10为本发明再一较佳实施例的示意图。于本发明中，根据不同人体待测量的位置，须对应改变该固定架10的外型设计，或可针对量测需求增加一组以上的结构，以符合上述待量测位置的数据需求，如：该固定架10的外形若设计为中空环状的结构，主要可套设于一置入物，进一步施用于口咽、肠道，以量测上述器官的内壁；该固定架10的外形若设计为一可对半拆卸的弹状结构，主要可扩大施用于鼻部的单侧或两侧皆可，亦可直接放入肛门施作；该固定架10的外形若设计为圆饼状的结构，主要可直接贴附于皮肤表面直接使用。
综上所述，本发明的设计是一种可持续性探测的电极装置，能够随时监测人体表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号，主要是采用具可回弹性的纤维线作为电极件的材料，并搭配该电解流体50浸润导电，利用物理原理令该电极件90可完整服贴于人体的待测位置，使其紧密贴合程度较高，接触面积较多，所能读取到的电信号则较强；另外，该储液筒40两端及内部的设计可防止漏液，亦可适时补充该电解流体50进行注入，亦可作为将电信号导引至外界或将电流导入人体的中介体；此外，本发明不限制该固定架10的外形设计，根据不同的人体待测位置，对应改变该固定架10的设计，本实施例中，揭示有一半弹状的结构、一可对半拆卸的弹状结构，一圆饼状的结构及中空环状的结构，各有其相对应的功能及用途；上述此方式可用于侦测属于凹凸不平的表面，亦可带有较高的侦测反应，方便检测者针对生理数据的需求进行监测，以符合临床实验的需求。
以下进一步说明本发明的发明原理及相关实验资料：
发明原理：
本发明的重点应是位于该海绵体20的电极件90能否完全贴附到皮肤表面产生高灵敏度的数据反馈，排除较多背景杂讯，而固定架10根据不同人体待测量的位置，搭配人体的生理结构，对应改变固定架10的外型设计，可对该海绵体20达到一定固定的效果；于本发明中，是将该电极件90埋设于该海绵体20，并可将浸润的海绵体20直接贴附于人体任一表面皮肤，其中，该海绵体20所具有的多个孔隙可将该电解流体50分布成多个小水珠，该些小水珠各自产生的表面张力，可辅助该海绵体20贴附于皮肤表面，同时，亦可使该电极件90具有一定程度吸附于皮肤表面的效果(微观上如图7所示)，因此，设置于该埋线槽21的电极件90会因表面张力完全贴附到皮肤表面，造成紧密贴合程度较高。
实验方式及数据资料：
(一)、利用神经刺激器针对手部表面皮肤表面进行电回路测试
于本发明中，未浸润于该电解流体50的海绵体20无法有效直接贴附于皮肤表面，已浸润于该电解流体50的海绵体20则可轻易贴附于皮肤表面。
本实验针对同一待测部位采用三种不同摆放方位进行电回路测试，前置作业需先将浸润后的海绵体20设置于手部皮肤表面，利用一神经刺激器设定参数发电检查电回路是否导通，上述结果可由神经刺激器的参数符号直接判断，亦可由肉眼观察肌肉是否有产生抽动反应，同时，确认该海绵体20是否有脱落的现象；
当电回路导通完整时，神经刺激器上会显示“导通”的图示符号，肌肉便会有抽动的现象，亦代表海绵体20安装成功，可进行后续肌电信号的测试实验；
当电回路无法导通时，神经刺激器上会显示“断路”的图示符号，肌肉便不会有抽动的现象，亦代表海绵体20没有脱落现象，意即接入肌电图仪器则无法产生数据反馈的连接，须进行排除故障。
(二)、肌电图试验-口咽部位
本发明人直接将片状的海绵体20置入于口咽内壁，并纪录吞咽过 程中的口咽肌电信号，测试三次结果如图11～图13所示，于肌电仪器监测过程中，受测者因生理需求产生吞咽动作时，便会出现明显的肌电信号，无吞咽动作时，肌电信号则趋于稳定，并无产生过多的背景杂讯，足以证明本发明的产品具有一定监测能力，且所采用毛絮状细线的电极件90，其灵敏度相当地高，亦可说明以人体生理结构搭配浸润状态下进行贴附固定的方式监测肌电信号具有可据以实施性。
(三)、肌电图试验-心脏部位的皮肤表面
本发明人将片状的海绵体20设置于心脏部位的皮肤表面，并纪录测试心脏部位的肌电信号(心电信号)，测试结果如图14所示，于测试过程中，心脏部位的肌电信号稳定，并无过多的背景杂讯，足以证明本发明的产品灵敏度佳、信号良好，为获得以上较佳的肌电信号，本发明中的电解流体50设置于该储液筒40可长时间以毛细现象的方式传输至该海绵体20进行供应，藉以完成可持续性观察监测肌电信号的目的，亦可说明以浸润状态下产生贴附固定的方式具有一定据以实施性。
前述图11至图14的图表，其X轴为时间(s)，Y轴为电压(uV)，当神经控制肌肉收缩时，肌纤维会产生微弱的动作电位，通常情况下整块肌肉在收缩状态能够产生uV-mV级的生物电信号。
综上所述，本发明特点为提供实验资料佐证肌电信号的准确性及如何将本发明固定于待测部位，实验二及三提供检测口腔部位及心脏部位周围的实验示范及相关地数据反馈，以佐证本发明的发明思想的可据以实施性；实验一利用该海绵体20以湿润方式贴附于待测位置产生一定的吸附力，藉以达到固定的目的，并由神经刺激器辅助检查本产品安装后电回路是否有导通，以及该海绵体20是否有脱落的现象，以利进行后续的肌电信号测试，即便设置于口腔亦可利用待测位置周围的生理结构进行固定，并由实验数据佐证其高灵敏度。
以上所述仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例披露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案的范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技 术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种可持续性探测的电极装置，供用于接收一人体任一表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号，其包含有：
    一固定架，其一侧设有一固定槽；
    一海绵体，其以可拆卸的方式对应嵌固于该固定槽，且该海绵体环设有一埋线槽，并供直接碰触于待读取的表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号；
    一送液管，其一端皆连接设有一能够存放一电解流体的储液筒，另一端连接于该埋线槽，而该储液筒的一端设有一耦合件；以及
    一电极件，其穿设于该送液管的内部，且该电极件的一端设置于该埋线槽，并将该电极件的另一端设置于该储液筒的内部，其中，该电极件是由多条具可回弹性的纤维线所制成，使该电解流体能够顺着该电极件逐渐流入该埋线槽；
    由此，当浸润于该电解流体的电极件接触于人体任一表面皮肤或黏膜位置时，该耦合件能够将其电信号导引至外界或将电流导入人体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该电极件所采用具可回弹性的纤维线属于一种由多条纤维细线所缠绕而成的毛絮状细线，当该电解流体碰触该电极件时，会产生毛细现象。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该电极件进一步包含一银丝线，该银丝线与该多条纤维线共同缠绕。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该储液筒内部设有一供该电极件绑固的吸液海绵。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该耦合件连接一电信号监视器，用以监测该表面皮肤或黏膜位置的电信号。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该储液筒的一端设有一开放口，并设置一橡皮塞，以供避免该电解流体外 漏的情况。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该固定架的外形为一中空环状的结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该固定架的外形为一能够对半拆卸的弹状结构。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该固定架的外形为一半弹状的结构。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该固定架的外形为一圆饼状的结构。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的可持续性探测的电极装置，其中，该耦合件与该储液筒之间设置一锡质套件。
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US6584347B1 (en) * 1998-07-16 2003-06-24 Universite De Montreal Disturbance-free electromyographic probe
CN1838912A (zh) * 2003-05-13 2006-09-27 马奎特紧急护理公司 控制电极间电阻率从而改善测得的电生物信号的质量
CN101137324A (zh) * 2005-01-12 2008-03-05 马奎特紧急护理公司 用于生理信号测量的电极及其制造方法
CN103932704A (zh) * 2013-01-23 2014-07-23 上海帝仪科技有限公司 用于湿电极的皮肤接触装置、湿电极储液箱以及具有该湿电极储液箱的脑电采集电极
CN208926360U (zh) * 2018-05-07 2019-06-04 深圳市美的连医疗电子股份有限公司 能够自动涂抹辅助液的电极体、电极套件和脑电极组件
CN110856655A (zh) * 2018-08-23 2020-03-03 林必盛 可持续性探测的电极装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6584347B1 (en) * 1998-07-16 2003-06-24 Universite De Montreal Disturbance-free electromyographic probe
CN1838912A (zh) * 2003-05-13 2006-09-27 马奎特紧急护理公司 控制电极间电阻率从而改善测得的电生物信号的质量
CN101137324A (zh) * 2005-01-12 2008-03-05 马奎特紧急护理公司 用于生理信号测量的电极及其制造方法
CN103932704A (zh) * 2013-01-23 2014-07-23 上海帝仪科技有限公司 用于湿电极的皮肤接触装置、湿电极储液箱以及具有该湿电极储液箱的脑电采集电极
CN208926360U (zh) * 2018-05-07 2019-06-04 深圳市美的连医疗电子股份有限公司 能够自动涂抹辅助液的电极体、电极套件和脑电极组件
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