WO2021028041A1 - Direct current power supply assembly - Google Patents

Direct current power supply assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021028041A1
WO2021028041A1 PCT/EP2019/071829 EP2019071829W WO2021028041A1 WO 2021028041 A1 WO2021028041 A1 WO 2021028041A1 EP 2019071829 W EP2019071829 W EP 2019071829W WO 2021028041 A1 WO2021028041 A1 WO 2021028041A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
direct current
power supply
choke
current power
supply assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/071829
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
B. Dastagiri Reddy
Philippe Noisette
Charles Sao
Original Assignee
Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Schweiz Ag filed Critical Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority to PCT/EP2019/071829 priority Critical patent/WO2021028041A1/en
Publication of WO2021028041A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021028041A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/08—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/17—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a direct current power supply assem bly.
  • Direct current power supply assemblies for charging electric vehicles from a three-phase alternating current network are known in the art.
  • a known assembly comprises a half-controlled diode-thyristor bridge, a harmonic filter and a power factor correction circuit.
  • said half- controlled diode-thyristor bridge is replaced with a diode bridge, or with a fully controlled thyristor bridge.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a direct current power supply assembly so as to alleviate the above disadvantage.
  • the objects of the in vention are achieved by a direct current power supply assembly which is charac terized by what is stated in the independent claim.
  • the preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
  • the invention is based on the realization that it is possible to meet the grid code with a direct current power supply assembly having a twelve pulse rec tifier system comprising thyristors and/or diodes, without providing the direct current power supply assembly with a harmonic filter and a power factor correc tion circuit.
  • a direct current power supply assembly comprises a transformer, a rectifier system, and a choke system.
  • the transformer has a secondary winding system comprising a first secondary winding and a sec ond secondary winding such that there is 30° phase shift between the first sec ondary winding and the second secondary winding.
  • the rectifier system compris es a first rectifier device connected to the first secondary winding, and a second rectifier device connected to the second secondary winding, and each of the recti fier devices comprises thyristors and/or diodes.
  • the choke system comprises a first choke connected to an output of the first rectifier device, and a second choke connected to an output of the second rectifier device.
  • a leakage reactance of the transformer and inductance values of the first choke and the second choke are selected as a suitable combination such that the direct current power supply as- sembly meets the grid code for the entire operating range of the direct current power supply assembly.
  • a simulation software is utilized for finding said suitable combination.
  • the direct current power supply assembly of the invention has high efficiency, high power density and low electromagnetic disturbance.
  • the direct current power supply assembly of the invention has low commutation noise level, and high reliability.
  • Figure 1 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a direct current power supply assembly according to an embodiment of the invention during a start-up of the assembly
  • Figure 2 shows the circuit diagram of Figure 1 after a transient time from the start-up
  • Figure 3 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a direct current power supply assembly according to another embodiment of the invention after a tran sient time from the start-up.
  • Figure 1 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a direct current power supply assembly comprising a transformer 2, a rectifier system 4, a controller CTRL, a choke system 6, a stabilization load system 8, and a bus bar system 9.
  • the controller CTRL is adapted for controlling the rectifier system 4 and the stabiliza tion load system 8.
  • the transformer 2 has a primary winding system connected to a three- phase alternating current network 101, and a secondary winding system con nected to an alternating current input 431 of the rectifier system 4.
  • the trans former 2 is a three-phase three winding transformer.
  • the secondary winding sys tem of the transformer 2 has a first secondary winding 221 and a second second ary winding 222.
  • Nominal primary voltage of the transformer 2 is 415 V
  • nominal secondary voltage of the transformer 2 is 500 V.
  • Nominal power of the transform er 2 is 500 kVA.
  • nominal primary voltage of the transformer is equal to or greater than 150 V
  • nominal secondary voltage of the transformer is equal to or greater than 150 V
  • nominal power of the trans former is equal to or greater than 10 kVA.
  • the bus bar system 9 has a positive bus bar BB+ and a negative bus bar BB-.
  • the direct current power supply assembly is adapted to be connected to a load thereof by means of a positive load terminal T+ connected to the positive bus bar BB+, and a negative load terminal T- connected to the negative bus bar BB-.
  • the rectifier system 4 is a twelve pulse rectifier system.
  • the rectifier system 4 comprises a first rectifier device 41 whose three-phase input is connect ed to the first secondary winding 221 of the transformer 2, and a second rectifier device 42 whose three-phase input is connected to the second secondary winding 222 of the transformer 2. There is 30° phase shift between the first secondary winding 221 and the second secondary winding 222.
  • the first rectifier device 41 and the second rectifier device 42 are six pulse fully controlled thyristor bridge rectifiers.
  • the first rectifier device 41 and the second rectifier device 42 are iden- tical with each other.
  • the primary winding of the transformer 2 is a star-connected winding
  • the first secondary winding 221 is a delta-connected winding
  • the second secondary winding 222 is a star-connected winding.
  • Table 1 Winding arrangement alternatives for a three winding transformer.
  • the transformer 2 is adapted to provide 30° phase shift between the inputs of the first rectifier device 41 and the second rectifier device 42.
  • said 30° phase shift is provided without a three winding trans- former. An example of such an embodiment is discussed later.
  • the choke system 6 connects a direct current output 432 of the rectifi er system 4 to the bus bar system 9.
  • the choke system 6 comprises a first choke 61 connected between an output of the first rectifier device 41 and the bus bar system 9, and a second choke 62 connected between an output of the second rec tifier device 42 and the bus bar system 9.
  • a first output terminal of the first rectifier device 41 is connected to the positive bus bar BB+ of the bus bar system 9 through the first choke 61.
  • a first output terminal of the second rectifier device 42 is connected to the positive bus bar BB+ through the second choke 62.
  • the second output terminals of the first rectifier device 41 and the second rectifier device 42 are connected to the nega tive bus bar BB- of the bus bar system 9.
  • the choke system alternatively or additionally comprises a choke connected between the second output terminal of the first rectifier device and the negative bus bar of the bus bar system, and/or between the second output terminal of the second rectifi- er device and the negative bus bar of the bus bar system.
  • a leakage reactance of the transformer 2 and inductance values of the first choke 61 and the second choke 62 are selected as combination such that the direct current power supply assembly meets the grid code relating to the three- phase alternating current network 101 for the entire operating range of the direct current power supply assembly, and currents at the output of the first rectifier device 41 and the output of the second rectifier device 42 are greater than zero for the entire operating range of the direct current power supply assembly.
  • a leakage reactance of the transformer 2 is 10 %, and inductance val ues of the first choke 61 and the second choke 62 are 0.05 mH.
  • the direct current power supply assembly of Figure 1 meets the grid code according to standard EN50160.
  • a combination of a leakage reactance of the transformer and inductance values of the first choke and the second choke can be selected by means of a suitable simulation software.
  • Table 2 shows technical specifications of direct current power supply assemblies having different nominal values.
  • the direct current power supply as semblies of Table 2 meet the grid code according to standard EN50160.
  • U tr.nom are nominal voltages of the transformer com prising nominal primary voltage / nominal voltage of the first secondary winding / nominal voltage of the second secondary winding; %XL is a feasible range for percent leakage reactance of the transformer; and
  • L ch is a feasible range for inductance value of the first choke and the second choke. Table 2. Examples of direct current power supply assemblies according to the invention.
  • the stabilization load system 8 is connected between the positive bus bar BB+ and the negative bus bar BB- of the bus bar system 9, and adapted to provide a stabilization load for the rectifier system 4 in situations where there is no useful electric load connected between the positive load terminal T+ and the negative load terminal T-.
  • the stabilization load system 8 is adapted to stabilize an open circuit voltage of the bus bar system 9.
  • the stabilization load system 8 comprises a rheostat 82 and a single pole double throw changeover switch 84.
  • the controller CTRL is adapted to con trol the rheostat 82 to provide a first load during a start-up of the assembly, and to decrease the load from the first load to a second load within a transient time from the start-up.
  • the controller CTRL comprises a relay logic for controlling the rheostat 82.
  • the transient time is less than one second. In an alternative embodi ment the transient time is less than five seconds.
  • the stabilization load system has a constant resistance, and the controller is not adapted for controlling the stabilization load system.
  • the first load provides an electric current of 2 A
  • the second load provides an electric current of 0.2 A.
  • the first load is adapted to provide a first current through the thyristors of the rectifier system 4, and the second load is adapted to provide a second current through the thyristors of the rectifier system 4.
  • the first current is equal to or greater than a latching current of the thyristors
  • the second current is equal to or greater than a holding current of the thyris tors.
  • a ratio between the second load and the first load is in a range of 5 - 20 %.
  • the controller CTRL is adapted to control the rectifier system 4 such that triggering angles of the thyristors increase as a function of a voltage of the three-phase alternating current network 101.
  • said voltage is 90% of the nominal voltage thereof, the thyristors are triggered at 3°, when said voltage is equal to the nominal voltage thereof, the thyristors are triggered at 18°, and when said voltage is 110% of the nominal voltage thereof, the thyristors are triggered at 28°.
  • the controller is adapted to control the rectifier system such that when the voltage of the three-phase alternating current network is 90% of the nominal voltage thereof, the triggering angles of the thyris tors are in the range of 0-5°, when said voltage is equal to the nominal voltage thereof, the triggering angles of the thyristors are in the range of 15-20°, and when said voltage is 110% of the nominal voltage thereof, the triggering angles of the thyristors are in the range of 25-30°.
  • Figure 3 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a direct current power supply assembly which is a modification of the direct current power supply as sembly of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the three winding transformer 2 has been replaced by a transformer 2’ comprising a first trans- former unit 2G and a second transformer unit 22’, each of which is a two winding transformer.
  • the assembly of Figure 3 is identical to the assem bly of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the transformer 2’ has a primary winding system connected to a three-phase alternating current network 10G, and a secondary winding system connected to an alternating current input 43 G of the rectifier system 4’.
  • the pri mary winding system of the transformer 2’ comprises a primary winding of the first transformer unit 2G, and a primary winding of the second transformer unit 22’.
  • the secondary winding system of the transformer 2’ comprises a first sec ondary winding 22G and a second secondary winding 222’.
  • the first secondary winding 22 G is a secondary winding of the first transformer unit 2G
  • the sec ond secondary winding 222’ is a secondary winding of the second transformer unit 22’.
  • the input of the first rectifier device 4G is connected to the first second ary winding 22 G, and the input of the second rectifier device 42’ is connected to the second secondary winding 222’.
  • the primary winding of the first transformer unit 2G is a star- connected winding
  • the first secondary winding 22G is a delta-connected winding.
  • the primary winding of the second transformer unit 22’ is a star- connected winding
  • the second secondary winding 222’ is a star-connected winding.
  • the rectifier system comprises a half- controlled diode-thyristor bridge.
  • the rectifi er system comprises a diode bridge.
  • a rectifier system with a diode bridge is usa- ble if fluctuations in a voltage of the three-phase alternating current network are small, for example within ⁇ 2%, and the load connected between the positive load terminal and the negative load terminal is substantially constant.
  • the direct current power supply assembly according to the invention can be designed for charging any type of rechargeable device.
  • Typical embodi- ments include direct current power supply assemblies designed for charging elec tric vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, trains or trams.
  • a di- rect current power supply assembly according to the invention is adapted to be coupled to a load or rechargeable device by means of a temporary coupling device such as a plug or a pantograph.

Abstract

A direct current power supply assembly comprising a transformer (2), a rectifier system (4), and a choke system (6). The transformer (2) has a primary winding system adapted to be connected to a three-phase alternating current network (101), and a secondary winding system comprising a first secondary winding (221) and a second secondary winding (222) such that there is 30° phase shift between the first secondary winding (221) and the second secondary winding (222). The rectifier system (4) comprises a first rectifier device (41) connected to the first secondary winding (221), and a second rectifier device (42) connected to the second secondary winding (222), and each of the rectifier devices comprises thyristors and/or diodes. The choke system (6) comprises a first choke (61) connected to an output of the first rectifier device (41), and a second choke (62) connected to an output of the second rectifier device (42).

Description

DIRECT CURRENT POWER SUPPLY ASSEMBLY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a direct current power supply assem bly.
Direct current power supply assemblies for charging electric vehicles from a three-phase alternating current network are known in the art. A known assembly comprises a half-controlled diode-thyristor bridge, a harmonic filter and a power factor correction circuit. In further known assemblies said half- controlled diode-thyristor bridge is replaced with a diode bridge, or with a fully controlled thyristor bridge.
One of the disadvantages associated with the known direct current power supply assembly is that it is expensive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a direct current power supply assembly so as to alleviate the above disadvantage. The objects of the in vention are achieved by a direct current power supply assembly which is charac terized by what is stated in the independent claim. The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
The invention is based on the realization that it is possible to meet the grid code with a direct current power supply assembly having a twelve pulse rec tifier system comprising thyristors and/or diodes, without providing the direct current power supply assembly with a harmonic filter and a power factor correc tion circuit.
A direct current power supply assembly according to the invention comprises a transformer, a rectifier system, and a choke system. The transformer has a secondary winding system comprising a first secondary winding and a sec ond secondary winding such that there is 30° phase shift between the first sec ondary winding and the second secondary winding. The rectifier system compris es a first rectifier device connected to the first secondary winding, and a second rectifier device connected to the second secondary winding, and each of the recti fier devices comprises thyristors and/or diodes. The choke system comprises a first choke connected to an output of the first rectifier device, and a second choke connected to an output of the second rectifier device. A leakage reactance of the transformer and inductance values of the first choke and the second choke are selected as a suitable combination such that the direct current power supply as- sembly meets the grid code for the entire operating range of the direct current power supply assembly. In an embodiment, a simulation software is utilized for finding said suitable combination. An advantage of the direct current power sup ply assembly of the invention is that it meets the grid code without using harmon ic filter and power factor correction. The assembly of the invention is inexpensive and simple.
Further, the direct current power supply assembly of the invention has high efficiency, high power density and low electromagnetic disturbance. Com pared to a known direct current power supply assembly whose rectifier system comprises IGBTs, the direct current power supply assembly of the invention has low commutation noise level, and high reliability.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following the invention will be described in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which
Figure 1 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a direct current power supply assembly according to an embodiment of the invention during a start-up of the assembly;
Figure 2 shows the circuit diagram of Figure 1 after a transient time from the start-up; and
Figure 3 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a direct current power supply assembly according to another embodiment of the invention after a tran sient time from the start-up.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figure 1 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a direct current power supply assembly comprising a transformer 2, a rectifier system 4, a controller CTRL, a choke system 6, a stabilization load system 8, and a bus bar system 9. The controller CTRL is adapted for controlling the rectifier system 4 and the stabiliza tion load system 8.
The transformer 2 has a primary winding system connected to a three- phase alternating current network 101, and a secondary winding system con nected to an alternating current input 431 of the rectifier system 4. The trans former 2 is a three-phase three winding transformer. The secondary winding sys tem of the transformer 2 has a first secondary winding 221 and a second second ary winding 222. Nominal primary voltage of the transformer 2 is 415 V, and nominal secondary voltage of the transformer 2 is 500 V. Nominal power of the transform er 2 is 500 kVA. In alternative embodiments, nominal primary voltage of the transformer is equal to or greater than 150 V, nominal secondary voltage of the transformer is equal to or greater than 150 V, and nominal power of the trans former is equal to or greater than 10 kVA.
The bus bar system 9 has a positive bus bar BB+ and a negative bus bar BB-. The direct current power supply assembly is adapted to be connected to a load thereof by means of a positive load terminal T+ connected to the positive bus bar BB+, and a negative load terminal T- connected to the negative bus bar BB-.
The rectifier system 4 is a twelve pulse rectifier system. The rectifier system 4 comprises a first rectifier device 41 whose three-phase input is connect ed to the first secondary winding 221 of the transformer 2, and a second rectifier device 42 whose three-phase input is connected to the second secondary winding 222 of the transformer 2. There is 30° phase shift between the first secondary winding 221 and the second secondary winding 222. The first rectifier device 41 and the second rectifier device 42 are six pulse fully controlled thyristor bridge rectifiers. The first rectifier device 41 and the second rectifier device 42 are iden- tical with each other.
The primary winding of the transformer 2 is a star-connected winding, the first secondary winding 221 is a delta-connected winding, and the second secondary winding 222 is a star-connected winding. There are several alternative ways to provide the 30° phase shift between the first secondary winding and the second secondary winding. A number of said alternatives is disclosed in Table 1. Designing a phase shift between first and second secondary winding of a three winding transformer is known in the art.
Table 1. Winding arrangement alternatives for a three winding transformer.
Figure imgf000005_0001
The transformer 2 is adapted to provide 30° phase shift between the inputs of the first rectifier device 41 and the second rectifier device 42. In alterna tive embodiments, said 30° phase shift is provided without a three winding trans- former. An example of such an embodiment is discussed later.
The choke system 6 connects a direct current output 432 of the rectifi er system 4 to the bus bar system 9. The choke system 6 comprises a first choke 61 connected between an output of the first rectifier device 41 and the bus bar system 9, and a second choke 62 connected between an output of the second rec tifier device 42 and the bus bar system 9.
A first output terminal of the first rectifier device 41 is connected to the positive bus bar BB+ of the bus bar system 9 through the first choke 61. A first output terminal of the second rectifier device 42 is connected to the positive bus bar BB+ through the second choke 62. The second output terminals of the first rectifier device 41 and the second rectifier device 42 are connected to the nega tive bus bar BB- of the bus bar system 9. In alternative embodiments, the choke system alternatively or additionally comprises a choke connected between the second output terminal of the first rectifier device and the negative bus bar of the bus bar system, and/or between the second output terminal of the second rectifi- er device and the negative bus bar of the bus bar system.
A leakage reactance of the transformer 2 and inductance values of the first choke 61 and the second choke 62 are selected as combination such that the direct current power supply assembly meets the grid code relating to the three- phase alternating current network 101 for the entire operating range of the direct current power supply assembly, and currents at the output of the first rectifier device 41 and the output of the second rectifier device 42 are greater than zero for the entire operating range of the direct current power supply assembly. With the selected combination of the leakage reactance of the transformer 2 and the inductance values of the first choke 61 and the second choke 62, currents at the output of the first rectifier device 41 and the output of the second rectifier device 42 have sawtooth or triangular waveforms and a phase shift of 30° for the entire operating range of the direct current power supply assembly.
A leakage reactance of the transformer 2 is 10 %, and inductance val ues of the first choke 61 and the second choke 62 are 0.05 mH. With above men- tioned selections, the direct current power supply assembly of Figure 1 meets the grid code according to standard EN50160. For a specific direct current power supply assembly, a combination of a leakage reactance of the transformer and inductance values of the first choke and the second choke can be selected by means of a suitable simulation software.
Table 2 shows technical specifications of direct current power supply assemblies having different nominal values. The direct current power supply as semblies of Table 2 meet the grid code according to standard EN50160.
In Table 2 Urs_out is nominal voltage of the direct current output of the rectifier system;
Pas is nominal active power of the direct current power supply assembly;
Utr.nom are nominal voltages of the transformer com prising nominal primary voltage / nominal voltage of the first secondary winding / nominal voltage of the second secondary winding; %XL is a feasible range for percent leakage reactance of the transformer; and
Lch is a feasible range for inductance value of the first choke and the second choke. Table 2. Examples of direct current power supply assemblies according to the invention.
Figure imgf000007_0001
The stabilization load system 8 is connected between the positive bus bar BB+ and the negative bus bar BB- of the bus bar system 9, and adapted to provide a stabilization load for the rectifier system 4 in situations where there is no useful electric load connected between the positive load terminal T+ and the negative load terminal T-. In other words the stabilization load system 8 is adapted to stabilize an open circuit voltage of the bus bar system 9. The stabilization load system 8 comprises a rheostat 82 and a single pole double throw changeover switch 84. The controller CTRL is adapted to con trol the rheostat 82 to provide a first load during a start-up of the assembly, and to decrease the load from the first load to a second load within a transient time from the start-up. The controller CTRL comprises a relay logic for controlling the rheostat 82.
The transient time is less than one second. In an alternative embodi ment the transient time is less than five seconds. In a further alternative embodi ment, the stabilization load system has a constant resistance, and the controller is not adapted for controlling the stabilization load system. The first load provides an electric current of 2 A, and the second load provides an electric current of 0.2 A. The first load is adapted to provide a first current through the thyristors of the rectifier system 4, and the second load is adapted to provide a second current through the thyristors of the rectifier system 4. The first current is equal to or greater than a latching current of the thyristors, and the second current is equal to or greater than a holding current of the thyris tors. In an alternative embodiment a ratio between the second load and the first load is in a range of 5 - 20 %.
The controller CTRL is adapted to control the rectifier system 4 such that triggering angles of the thyristors increase as a function of a voltage of the three-phase alternating current network 101. When said voltage is 90% of the nominal voltage thereof, the thyristors are triggered at 3°, when said voltage is equal to the nominal voltage thereof, the thyristors are triggered at 18°, and when said voltage is 110% of the nominal voltage thereof, the thyristors are triggered at 28°. In alternative embodiments, the controller is adapted to control the rectifier system such that when the voltage of the three-phase alternating current network is 90% of the nominal voltage thereof, the triggering angles of the thyris tors are in the range of 0-5°, when said voltage is equal to the nominal voltage thereof, the triggering angles of the thyristors are in the range of 15-20°, and when said voltage is 110% of the nominal voltage thereof, the triggering angles of the thyristors are in the range of 25-30°. Figure 3 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a direct current power supply assembly which is a modification of the direct current power supply as sembly of Figures 1 and 2. In the embodiment of Figure 3, the three winding transformer 2 has been replaced by a transformer 2’ comprising a first trans- former unit 2G and a second transformer unit 22’, each of which is a two winding transformer. In other respects the assembly of Figure 3 is identical to the assem bly of Figures 1 and 2.
The transformer 2’ has a primary winding system connected to a three-phase alternating current network 10G, and a secondary winding system connected to an alternating current input 43 G of the rectifier system 4’. The pri mary winding system of the transformer 2’ comprises a primary winding of the first transformer unit 2G, and a primary winding of the second transformer unit 22’. The secondary winding system of the transformer 2’ comprises a first sec ondary winding 22G and a second secondary winding 222’. The first secondary winding 22 G is a secondary winding of the first transformer unit 2G, and the sec ond secondary winding 222’ is a secondary winding of the second transformer unit 22’. The input of the first rectifier device 4G is connected to the first second ary winding 22 G, and the input of the second rectifier device 42’ is connected to the second secondary winding 222’. The primary winding of the first transformer unit 2G is a star- connected winding, and the first secondary winding 22G is a delta-connected winding. The primary winding of the second transformer unit 22’ is a star- connected winding, and the second secondary winding 222’ is a star-connected winding. There is 30° phase shift between the first secondary winding 22 G and the second secondary winding 222’. Designing a phase shift between secondary windings of parallel connected transformer units is known in the art.
In an alternative embodiment the rectifier system comprises a half- controlled diode-thyristor bridge. In a further alternative embodiment the rectifi er system comprises a diode bridge. A rectifier system with a diode bridge is usa- ble if fluctuations in a voltage of the three-phase alternating current network are small, for example within ±2%, and the load connected between the positive load terminal and the negative load terminal is substantially constant.
The direct current power supply assembly according to the invention can be designed for charging any type of rechargeable device. Typical embodi- ments include direct current power supply assemblies designed for charging elec tric vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, trains or trams. In an embodiment, a di- rect current power supply assembly according to the invention is adapted to be coupled to a load or rechargeable device by means of a temporary coupling device such as a plug or a pantograph.
It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the inventive con- cept can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A direct current power supply assembly comprising: a transformer (2) having a primary winding system adapted to be connected to a three-phase alternating current network (101), and a secondary winding system; a bus bar system (9) having a positive bus bar (BB+) and a negative bus bar (BB-); a rectifier system (4) comprising semiconductor switches, an alternat ing current input (431) connected to the secondary winding system of the trans- former (2), and a direct current output (432); a choke system (6) through which the direct current output (432) of the rectifier system (4) is connected to the bus bar system (9), c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the semiconductor switches comprise thyristors and/or diodes, the secondary winding system of the transformer (2) comprises a first secondary winding (221) and a second secondary winding (222) such that there is 30° phase shift between the first secondary winding (221) and the second sec ondary winding (222), the rectifier system (4) is a twelve pulse rectifier system, and compris- es a first rectifier device (41) whose input is connected to the first secondary winding (221) of the transformer (2), and a second rectifier device (42) whose input is connected to the second secondary winding (222) of the transformer (2), and the choke system (6) comprises a first choke (61) connected between an out put of the first rectifier device (41) and the bus bar system (9), and a second choke (62) connected between an output of the second rectifier device (42) and the bus bar system (9), and a leakage reactance of the transformer (2) and inductance values of the first choke (61) and the second choke (62) are selected as combination such that the direct current power supply assembly meets the grid code relating to the three-phase alternating current network (101) for the entire operating range of the direct current power supply assembly.
2. A direct current power supply assembly according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the semiconductor switches comprise thyristors, and the direct current power supply assembly comprises a controller (CTRL) and a stabilization load system (8), the controller (CTRL) being adapted for control- ling the rectifier system (4), and the stabilization load system (8) being connected between the positive bus bar (BB+) and the negative bus bar (BB-) of the bus bar system (9), and adapted to provide a stabilization load for the rectifier system (4) in situations where there is no useful electric load connected to the bus bar sys- tern (9).
3. A direct current power supply assembly according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the stabilization load system (8) comprises a rheo stat (82), and the controller (CTRL) is adapted to control the rheostat (82) to pro vide a first load during a start-up of the assembly, and to decrease the load from the first load to a second load within a transient time from the start-up, wherein the first load is adapted to provide a first current through the thyristors, and the second load is adapted to provide a second current through the thyristors, the first current being equal to or greater than a latching current of the thyristors, and the second current being equal to or greater than a holding current of the thyristors.
4. A direct current power supply assembly according to claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a ratio between the second load and the first load is in a range of 5 - 20 %.
5. A direct current power supply assembly according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the transient time is less than five seconds.
6. A direct current power supply assembly according to any one of preceding claims, characterized in that the transformer (2) is a three winding transformer.
7. A direct current power supply assembly according to any one of preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a first output terminal of the first rectifier device (41) is connected to a bus bar of the bus bar system (9) through the first choke (61), and a first output terminal of the second rectifier device (42) is connected to the bus bar through the second choke (62), and the second output terminals of the first rectifier device (41) and the second rectifier device (42) are connected to the other bus bar of the bus bar system (9).
8. A direct current power supply assembly according to claim 2, char acterized in that the controller (CTRL) is adapted to control the rectifier system (4) such that triggering angles of the thyristors increase as a function of a voltage of the three-phase alternating current network (101).
9. A direct current power supply assembly according to any one of preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly is adapted for charging electric vehicles.
10. A direct current power supply assembly according to any one of preceding claims, characterized in that the leakage reactance of the transformer (2) is in a range of 5 to 15 %.
11. A direct current power supply assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that the first choke (61) and the second choke (62) have identi cal inductance values in a range of 0.05 to 1 mH.
12. A direct current power supply assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that inductance values for the first choke (61) and the second choke (62) are selected based on nominal values of the direct current power sup ply assembly such that when a nominal primary voltage of the transformer (2) is in a range of 380 to 450 V, nominal secondary voltage of the transformer (2) is in a range of 450 to 650 V nominal voltage of the direct current output (432) of the rectifier sys tem (4) is in a range of 550 to 750 V, and nominal active power of the direct current power supply assembly is in a range of 350 to 850 kW, the first choke (61) and the second choke (62) have inductance values in a range of 0.01 to 0.1 mH, and when a nominal primary voltage of the transformer (2) is in a range of 380 to 450 V, nominal secondary voltage of the transformer (2) is in a range of 250 to 550 V nominal voltage of the direct current output (432) of the rectifier sys tem (4) is in a range of 350 to 700 V, and nominal active power of the direct current power supply assembly is in a range of 20 to 150 kW, the first choke (61) and the second choke (62) have inductance values in a range of 0.1 to 1 mH.
PCT/EP2019/071829 2019-08-14 2019-08-14 Direct current power supply assembly WO2021028041A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4089903A1 (en) * 2021-05-14 2022-11-16 Korea Aerospace Research Institute Power system circuit apparatus

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JPS49124523A (en) * 1973-03-22 1974-11-28
GB2383477A (en) * 2001-08-29 2003-06-25 Walter Farrer 12-pulse ac to dc converter with improved total harmonic distortion
US8737097B1 (en) * 2012-11-29 2014-05-27 Yaskawa America, Inc. Electronically isolated method for an auto transformer 12-pulse rectification scheme suitable for use with variable frequency drives
CN105656261A (en) * 2016-03-16 2016-06-08 南通冠优达磁业有限公司 High-voltage-pulse magnetizing apparatus for reducing motor counter-electromotive-force K coefficient

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS49124523A (en) * 1973-03-22 1974-11-28
GB2383477A (en) * 2001-08-29 2003-06-25 Walter Farrer 12-pulse ac to dc converter with improved total harmonic distortion
US8737097B1 (en) * 2012-11-29 2014-05-27 Yaskawa America, Inc. Electronically isolated method for an auto transformer 12-pulse rectification scheme suitable for use with variable frequency drives
CN105656261A (en) * 2016-03-16 2016-06-08 南通冠优达磁业有限公司 High-voltage-pulse magnetizing apparatus for reducing motor counter-electromotive-force K coefficient

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4089903A1 (en) * 2021-05-14 2022-11-16 Korea Aerospace Research Institute Power system circuit apparatus

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