WO2021026997A1 - 一种可更换式激光器及其阵列 - Google Patents

一种可更换式激光器及其阵列 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021026997A1
WO2021026997A1 PCT/CN2019/105121 CN2019105121W WO2021026997A1 WO 2021026997 A1 WO2021026997 A1 WO 2021026997A1 CN 2019105121 W CN2019105121 W CN 2019105121W WO 2021026997 A1 WO2021026997 A1 WO 2021026997A1
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Prior art keywords
optical fiber
laser
cylindrical
replaceable
chassis
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PCT/CN2019/105121
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尚华
Original Assignee
尚华
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Publication date
Application filed by 尚华 filed Critical 尚华
Priority to US16/849,572 priority Critical patent/US10918881B1/en
Publication of WO2021026997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021026997A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/062—Photodynamic therapy, i.e. excitation of an agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/067—Radiation therapy using light using laser light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/02—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N2005/002—Cooling systems
    • A61N2005/005—Cooling systems for cooling the radiator
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/063—Radiation therapy using light comprising light transmitting means, e.g. optical fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0632—Constructional aspects of the apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0664—Details

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of laser medical equipment, and specifically relates to a replaceable laser and an array thereof for photodynamic therapy.
  • Photodynamic Therapy is a new technology that uses photodynamic effects for disease diagnosis and treatment.
  • the basis of its action is the photodynamic effect.
  • the photodynamic effect is a photosensitization reaction accompanied by biological effects with the participation of aerobic molecules.
  • the process is that a specific wavelength of laser irradiation causes the photosensitizer absorbed by the tissue to be excited, and the excited photosensitizer transfers energy to the surrounding oxygen to generate highly active singlet oxygen, singlet oxygen and adjacent organisms Macromolecules undergo oxidative reactions, resulting in cytotoxicity, which in turn leads to cell damage and even death.
  • photodynamic therapy has the advantages of less trauma, good targeting, no drug resistance and side effects.
  • Laser is the most convenient portable light source. It is coherent and monochromatic, that is, it can generate high-energy single-wavelength light waves. The output power can be precisely adjusted. It can be directly introduced into hollow organs and hollow organs through fiber optic cables. Deep in the tumor.
  • the photodynamic treatment time is related to the ability of the photosensitizer to absorb light and the effectiveness of light to transfer energy to oxygen.
  • the laser wavelength and required energy are also different. Most photosensitizers can strongly absorb light at 630nm or longer than 630nm.
  • Photofrin is a photosensitizer for gastric cancer and bladder cancer with an excitation wavelength of 630nm; Metvix is a photosensitizer for basal cell carcinoma with an excitation wavelength of 635nm; Foscan is a photosensitizer for head and neck tumors.
  • the excitation wavelength is 652nm; Purlytin is a photosensitizer for breast and prostate cancer with an excitation wavelength of 664nm; Talaporfin is a broad-spectrum photosensitizer for solid tumors with an excitation wavelength of 664nm; Verteporfin is a photosensitizer for basal cell carcinoma , The excitation wavelength is 689nm; Lutex is a photosensitizer for prostate and brain cancer, the excitation wavelength is 732nm.
  • Photosensitizers and applicable diseases there are many types of photosensitizers and applicable diseases, and new photosensitizers are constantly being launched on the market. Ordinary medical staff who do not have common knowledge of laser often change lasers and change laser wavelengths. Helpless or easy to make mistakes.
  • the laser has a complex structure, high price, and cumbersome steps.
  • the lasers used in the existing photodynamic therapy equipment are semiconductor lasers.
  • the internal lasers not only need to be powered by an external power supply, but also need to adjust the power and wavelength.
  • For the control of multiple parameters such as adjustment and pulse adjustment there are many electrical external power supply devices and parameter control devices, which must rely on multiple external power connectors for communication. If you are not careful, you will make a connection error, causing medical staff to use medical lasers. In particular, the fear of replacement has seriously hindered the popularization and promotion of laser treatment equipment in medical treatment.
  • the present invention provides a replaceable laser and an array thereof that can quickly and accurately realize switching of laser elements of multiple different wavelengths.
  • a replaceable laser includes a receiver with a laser element fixed and a case for clamping the receiver; the receiver is provided with a unique electrical interface and a number of optical interfaces to be docked with the case; the receiver It can be taken out of the case and replaced with another casing containing laser elements emitting lasers of different wavelengths.
  • the laser element can be a semiconductor laser element, a solid-state laser element, a gas laser element, or other types of laser elements.
  • the diode element is cheaper than a metal vapor laser element or a tuned-dye laser element, and is portable, so it can be preferred Optional.
  • the case includes a first accommodating space for accommodating the receiver, a clamping device, and a second accommodating space for accommodating the clamping device;
  • the front panel of the case is provided with Insert the receiver horizontally into the insertion opening of the first accommodating space;
  • the second accommodating space is provided below the first accommodating space and communicates with the first accommodating space through a card interface provided on a lower panel of the first accommodating space;
  • the buckling device includes a buckle component and a button component, the buckle component includes a horizontally arranged buckle plate and an elastic component arranged below the buckle plate,
  • the upper panel of the buckle plate is provided with a plurality of cylindrical protrusions whose axis is inclined backward, and the corresponding lower panel of the receiver is provided with a plurality of cylindrical through grooves with the same shape as the cylindrical protrusions; the column
  • the inside of the cylindrical protrusion and the cylindrical through groove are respectively provided with matching male and female electrical interfaces, and the cylindrical protrusion passes upwards through the card interface to be clamped into the cylindrical shape under the action of the elastic component.
  • the through slot supplies power to the laser element and performs auxiliary adjustment of the parameters of the laser element; preferably, the electrical interface of the cylindrical protrusion is connected to a power supply and/or the parameter adjustment control device of the laser element, and the electrical interface in the cylindrical through slot Connect the power interface and/or power adjustment interface, wavelength adjustment interface, pulse adjustment interface and other parameter control interfaces of the laser components respectively;
  • the buckle plate When the button assembly moves backward, the buckle plate is driven to move obliquely downward along the axis of the cylindrical protrusion until the cylindrical protrusion separates from the cylindrical through groove; thereby, the receiver is separated
  • the buckle plate is convenient to take out the receiver from the insertion port and put it into the receiver with different wavelength laser elements, that is to say, only need to switch the receiver to complete the wavelength switching of the laser element.
  • the button assembly is reset forward.
  • the buckle plate is diagonally upward along the axis of the cylindrical protrusion under the action of the elastic assembly Move until the cylindrical protrusion is clamped into the cylindrical through slot, and supply power to the laser element and/or perform a laser element parameter adjustment control device.
  • the rear panel of the chassis horizontally corresponding to the position of the insertion port is provided with an optical connector, and corresponding to the position of the optical connector, the casing is provided with a matching optical interface.
  • the optical interface of the receiver includes a conical cavity with a conical top in the front and an axis extending horizontally backward.
  • the conical top part of the conical cavity extends forward and horizontally and is provided with a conical cavity communicating with the conical cavity.
  • a small cylindrical cavity, the cone bottom part of the cone-shaped cavity is horizontally extended with a large cylindrical cavity; the front side of the small cylindrical cavity is directly connected or connected to the laser element through an optical fiber ferrule Laser emitting outlet;
  • the rear panel of the corresponding chassis is provided with a matching optical connector, that is, an optical fiber connector.
  • the optical connector includes a tapered adapter with the same shape as the tapered cavity and a The external optical fiber inside the adapter, the front end of the external optical fiber is provided with an external optical fiber ferrule that can be inserted into the small cylindrical cavity, the external optical fiber ferrule is located at the front end of the tapered adapter, the tapered A cylindrical adapter with the same shape as the large cylindrical cavity extends backwards from the rear end of the adapter, and the cylindrical adapter extends to be flush with the rear panel of the chassis.
  • the top of the optical fiber ferrule is provided with a lens, and the lens is a convex lens or a biconvex lens or a graded refractive index lens.
  • the clamping device further includes a clamping box, the clamping box is fixed to the second accommodating space, and the bottom of the elastic component is fixed to the bottom of the clamping box, and the clamping plate When moving up and down, it is not completely separated from the snap-fit box; the left and right sides of the snap-fit box are provided with a number of inclined guide rails with the same inclination angle of the axis of the cylindrical protrusion, corresponding to the left and right sides of the snap-fit plate With inclined guide groove.
  • a plurality of inclined guide rails with the same inclination angle of the axis of the cylindrical protrusion are provided on the left and right sides of the second accommodating space, and the corresponding left and right sides of the fastening plate are provided with inclined guide grooves,
  • the bottom of the elastic component is fixed at the bottom of the second accommodating space, and the buckle plate does not completely depart from the inclined guide rail when it moves up and down.
  • the button assembly includes a release button provided on the front panel of the chassis corresponding to the second accommodating space and a frame-shaped connector provided behind the release button; the rear side of the release button is provided with a vertical A straight slot hole, the front side of the fastening plate is provided with an inclined strip slot hole, the opening directions of the vertical strip slot hole and the inclined strip slot hole are perpendicular to the left and right panels of the chassis, And the strip inclination direction of the inclined strip groove is perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical protrusion; the upper rod and the lower rod of the frame-shaped connector are respectively positioned in the inclined strip groove and the vertical strip Sliding in the slot, the left rod and the right rod of the frame-shaped connector are respectively horizontally hinged to the left and right panels of the card connection box.
  • the vertical strip-shaped slot holes move backwards, driving the lower rod of the frame-shaped connector to rotate obliquely rearward in the vertical strip-shaped groove during production, thereby driving the frame-shaped connection
  • the upper rod of the piece rotates obliquely forward in the inclined strip groove, and the force direction of the inclined strip groove is always the same as the inclination direction of the cylindrical protrusion, thereby driving the buckle plate along the The oblique direction of the cylindrical protrusion moves downward.
  • the buckle plate further includes a buckle arranged on the upper part of the buckle plate in front of the cylindrical protrusion, and the lower panel of the corresponding receiver is provided with a card slot; when the rear panel of the receiver When docked with the rear panel of the chassis, the buckle just snaps into the card slot, and the cylindrical protrusion is connected with the male and female electrical interface inside the corresponding cylindrical through slot.
  • the shape of the first accommodating space is the same as that of the receiver; the left and right panels of the receiver are provided with horizontal positioning grooves, and the corresponding left and right panels of the first accommodating space are provided with horizontal positioning grooves.
  • Positioning protrusions, and/or the front parts of the left and right panels of the casing are provided with a non-slip groove structure, corresponding to the non-slip groove structure, the insertion port further includes casing inserts opened in front of the left and right panels of the chassis Pull the groove.
  • a replaceable laser array includes at least two replaceable lasers as described above.
  • the left and right sides of each replaceable laser cabinet are respectively provided with horizontal array guide grooves and horizontal array guide rails.
  • the replaceable laser array further includes a wavelength switcher, and the wavelength switcher includes a plurality of optical fiber inputs connected (directly or indirectly connected) to the optical interfaces of the replaceable lasers of the replaceable laser array.
  • Interface and an optical fiber output interface and also includes a base and a number of optical fiber plugs;
  • the base includes a chassis and a fixed shaft extending upward along the center of the chassis, and the fixed shaft is fixed from bottom to top to coincide with its axis
  • the optical fiber inserter includes an optical fiber inserting rod, a driven gear assembly provided on the periphery of the optical fiber inserting rod and meshing with the driving gear; one end of the optical fiber inserting rod is connected to the The optical fiber input interface and the other end are movably connected to the optical fiber output interface; preferably, a plurality of the optical fiber inserters are centrally symmetrically arranged in the optical fiber insertion holes of the optical fiber displacement plate at the radially outer periphery of the driving gear
  • the optical fiber displacement plate rotates under the driving of the master and slave transmission gears; when the optical fiber inserting rod rotates above the output hole, a plurality of the The optical fiber insertion rod moves up and down along the optical fiber insertion hole under the driving of the main and slave transmission gears to be pulled out from the output hole or inserted into the optical fiber output interface.
  • the wavelength switcher further includes a micro switch device arranged above the optical fiber displacement disc, the micro switch device includes a micro switch disc and a number of micro switch elements; the optical fiber displacement disc is provided with The micro switch positioning groove with the same setting angle as the optical fiber inserter, when the optical fiber displacement plate rotates, the trigger device of the micro switch element moves from the current micro switch positioning groove into the adjacent micro switch positioning groove At the same time, the optical fiber inserter moves from above the current output hole to above the adjacent output hole.
  • the optical fiber insertion hole is centrally symmetrically arranged on the optical fiber displacement disc, and corresponding micro switch positioning grooves are provided in the radial direction of the optical fiber displacement disc where the optical fiber insertion hole is located, so as to Ensure that the optical fiber inserter can be accurately positioned above the output hole when the optical fiber displacement disk rotates
  • the replaceable laser of the present invention is composed of a receiver with a uniform shape, a uniform electrical interface and an optical interface, and a case for clamping the receiver.
  • the laser components inside each casing can be composed of semiconductor lasers, solid lasers, gas lasers or other types of laser components, and the laser output is output through the same optical connector provided at the rear of the casing.
  • the power supply and parameter control of the laser components are realized by the cylindrical protrusion with a tilt angle on the receiver and the buckle and the electronic interface inside; and the cylindrical protrusion with the tilt angle can realize the precise positioning of the receiver and the chassis .
  • the receiver adopts an optical interface with a tapered cavity and a cylindrical cavity, and the corresponding optical connector is provided with a tapered and cylindrical adapter, so that the receiver laser element
  • the output of the optical fiber and the optical fiber output of the chassis can be accurately mechanically connected without professional tools, and it is beneficial to the standardization of the output element of the receiver laser element.
  • the clamping plate has a mechanical buckle. After being put into the card slot of the receiver, the buckle on the card slot is used to cooperate to further prevent the receiver from falling out. Improve the security and stability of the system.
  • the receiver has a non-slip groove structure, which is convenient for the user to take out or insert into the first accommodating space of the case by hand, laying a foundation for the extensive use of medical workers.
  • the replaceable laser array of the present invention has a unified optical fiber connector and an electronic connector on the chassis, and the fiber connector on the chassis is directly or indirectly connected to an external optical fiber, which can output lasers of multiple wavelengths and output to different optical fibers through multiple optical fibers.
  • Use appliances such as photodynamic therapy or output to a dedicated wavelength switcher.
  • the photosensitizer needs to be replaced temporarily for treatment. You only need to buy the receiver corresponding to the wavelength of the photosensitizer and insert it into the case.
  • the receivers of different wavelengths can be replaced in each cabinet, and multiple wavelength switchers can be connected to the back of multiple cabinets to realize the selective output of wavelength.
  • the replaceable laser array of the present invention further includes a wavelength conversion device, which realizes the mechanical fiber coupling and switching of multiple fiber inputs of the replaceable laser and one fiber output.
  • a wavelength conversion device which realizes the mechanical fiber coupling and switching of multiple fiber inputs of the replaceable laser and one fiber output.
  • the replaceable laser array of the present invention its wavelength conversion device controls the opening and closing of the micro switch element through a micro spring, a limit ball and a micro support rod, and its structure is cleverly connected with the base and the optical fiber displacement plate , To realize the steering control of the driving gear and the precise positioning of the optical fiber rod.
  • its wavelength conversion device can not only realize the laser output of different wavelengths from one fiber output interface, but also realize the same or different wavelength output of multiple fiber interfaces, which improves photodynamic therapy.
  • the utilization efficiency of the instrument can not only realize the laser output of different wavelengths from one fiber output interface, but also realize the same or different wavelength output of multiple fiber interfaces, which improves photodynamic therapy.
  • the wavelength conversion device adopts the screwing structure at the end of the external thread of the screw to prevent the internal thread of the screw from being screwed out, and/or uses the vertical positioning of the optical fiber plunger The bottom end of the groove abuts against the bottom end of the vertical positioning protrusion in the optical fiber insertion hole to realize the locking of the up and down movement of the optical fiber insertion rod, thereby causing the optical fiber displacement plate to rotate, driving the overall movement of the optical fiber insertion and extraction device .
  • the wavelength conversion device uses a spring and a spring positioning shoulder provided at the bottom of the optical fiber insertion rod, so that the optical fiber insertion rod has flexibility when inserted into the optical fiber output interface, and avoids the insertion of the optical fiber at the bottom.
  • the core head is damaged; at the same time, there is downward pressure after insertion, so that the coupling between the fiber ferrules is tight enough not to loosen.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a right cross-sectional structure of the first embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic front view of the structure of the first embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the receiver of the first embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a right side sectional view of the casing of the first embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the clamping device of the second embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a state where the clamping device and the casing of the second embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention are not engaged;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the snap-fitting device and the casing of the second embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the optical interface of the third embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the replaceable laser array of the fourth embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the wavelength switcher of the fifth embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the optical fiber connector of the fifth embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the optical fiber inserter of the fifth embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention when the optical fiber inserting rod is in the extreme position;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the fiber insertion rod of the fifth embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention when the fiber insertion rod is in the docking position;
  • FIG. 15 is a partial structural diagram of the docking state of the optical fiber insertion rod and the optical fiber output interface of the fifth embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical fiber displacement plate and the micro switch device of the fifth embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • 17 is a perspective view of the structure of the micro switch device of the fifth embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical fiber coupling and switching principle of the replaceable laser and the wavelength switcher of the fifth embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • Fig. 19 is a working flow chart of the wavelength switcher of the fifth embodiment of the replaceable laser of the present invention.
  • the reference signs in the figure are: 1-receiver; 11-electrical interface, 12-optical interface, 121-cone-shaped cavity; 122-small cylindrical cavity; 123-large cylindrical cavity; 124-optical fiber insert Core; 125—convex lens; 13—cylindrical trough; 14—card slot; 15—heat sink; 151—air-cooled entrance of the heat sink; 16—horizontal positioning groove; 17—slip groove structure; 18—display device; 2—chassis; 21—first accommodating space; 211—insertion port; 2111—receptacle insertion groove; 212—card interface; 213—horizontal positioning protrusion; 22—clamping device; 221—fastening assembly; 2211—fastening plate; 22111—inclined guide groove; 2112—inclined strip groove; 2212—elastic component; 222—button assembly; 2221—release button; 2221a—vertical strip groove; 2222—frame connector; 22221— Upper pole, 22222—down pole,
  • a replaceable laser as shown in Figures 1-10, includes a receiver 1 with laser components fixed and a chassis 2 for clamping the receiver 1; the receiver 1 has a unique electrical interface 11 and A number of optical interfaces 12 are connected to the case 2; the case 1 can be drawn out of the case 2 and replaced with another case containing laser elements emitting lasers of different wavelengths.
  • the case 2 includes a first accommodating space 21 for accommodating the receiver 1, a clamping device 22, and a second accommodating space 23 for accommodating the clamping device; the case 2
  • the front panel is provided with an insertion opening 211 for horizontally inserting the casing 1 into the first accommodating space 21, and the casing 1 is disassembled and replaced through the insertion opening 211; the second accommodating space 23 is provided in The space below the first accommodating space 21 is connected to the first accommodating space 21 through a card interface 212 provided on the lower panel of the first accommodating space 21; since there are many drawings in the present invention, for the sake of unification Identification, "front” refers to the position of the insertion port when the receiver is inserted into the chassis in Figure 1-10, that is, the position of the front panel of the chassis is front, and the position of the rear panel of the chassis opposite to it is the rear .
  • the X-axis refers to the front direction
  • the Y-axis refers to the right direction
  • the Z-axis refers
  • the buckling device 22 includes a buckle component 221 and a button component 222.
  • the buckle component 221 includes a horizontally arranged buckle plate 2211 and an elastic component 2212 arranged below the buckle plate 2211.
  • the upper part of the buckle plate 2211 The panel is provided with a number of cylindrical protrusions 24 whose axis is inclined backward, and the corresponding lower panel of the receiver 1 is provided with a number of cylindrical through grooves 13 with the same shape as the cylindrical protrusions 24; Matching male and female electrical interfaces are provided inside the shaft 24 and the cylindrical through slot 13 respectively.
  • the cylindrical protrusion 24 passes upward through the card interface 212 and is inserted into the cylindrical through slot 13 to supply power to the laser element and perform auxiliary adjustment of the parameters of the laser element; preferably
  • the electrical interface of the cylindrical protrusion 24 is connected to the power supply and/or the parameter adjustment control device of the laser element through the electrical output connector 29 provided in the chassis 2, and the electrical interface 11 in the cylindrical through slot 13 is connected to The power interface and/or power adjustment interface, wavelength adjustment interface, pulse adjustment interface and other parameter control interfaces inside the laser element are directly connected;
  • the buckle plate 2211 is driven to move obliquely downward along the axis of the cylindrical protrusion 24, and the elastic assembly 2212 moves from the natural state It is converted into an energy storage state, and the cylindrical protrusion 24 is separated from the cylindrical through groove 13; thus, the receiver 2 is separated from the buckle plate 2211, and it is convenient to take out the receiver 1 from the insertion port 211 and place it.
  • the button assembly 222 is released, and the button assembly 222 is reset forward.
  • the elastic assembly 2212 transforms from the energy storage state to the energy release state.
  • the buckle plate 2211 moves obliquely upward along the axis of the cylindrical protrusion 24 until the cylindrical protrusion 24 is locked into the cylindrical through groove 13, and
  • the replaceable laser of the present invention is composed of a casing 1 with a laser element installed in a uniform shape, a uniform electrical interface 11 and an optical interface 12, and a case 2 for clamping the casing 1.
  • the laser components inside each casing 1 can be composed of semiconductor lasers, solid lasers, gas lasers or other types of laser components, and the laser output is output through the same optical connector 25 provided at the rear of the casing 2.
  • the power supply and parameter control of the laser components are realized by the electronic interface in the case 1 and the cylindrical protrusions 24 and 13 with inclined angles on the buckle plate 2211; and the cylindrical protrusions 24 and 13 with inclined angles can realize the machine Precise positioning of cassette 1 and chassis 2.
  • the clamping device 22 is shown in Figs. 6-8, and further includes a card
  • the snap box 223 is fixed in the second accommodating space 23, and the bottom of the elastic component 2212 is fixed to the bottom of the snap box 223.
  • the snap plate 2211 does not move up and down.
  • the left and right sides of the snap box 223 are provided with a number of inclined guide rails 2231 with the same inclination angle of the axis of the cylindrical protrusion 24, corresponding to the left and right sides of the snap plate 2211
  • An inclined guide groove 22111 is provided on the side.
  • a plurality of inclined guide rails with the same inclination angle of the axis of the cylindrical protrusion 24 are provided on the left and right sides of the second accommodating space 23, and the corresponding left and right sides of the buckle plate 2211 are provided Inclined guide groove, the bottom of the elastic component 2212 is fixed to the bottom of the second accommodating space 23, and the buckle plate 2211 does not completely depart from the inclined guide rail when it moves up and down.
  • the button assembly 222 includes a release button 2221 provided on the front panel of the chassis 2 corresponding to the second accommodating space 23, and a frame connection provided behind the release button 2221 Pieces 2222; the rear side of the release button 2221 is provided with a vertical strip-shaped slot 2221a, the front side of the buckle plate 2211 is provided with an inclined strip-shaped slot 22112, the vertical strip-shaped slot 2221a and The opening direction of the slot hole of the inclined strip groove 22112 is perpendicular to the left and right panels of the chassis 2, and the inclined direction of the strip slot hole of the inclined strip groove 22112 is perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical protrusion 24 ,
  • the upper rod 22221 and the lower rod 22222 of the frame connector 2222 slide in the slots of the inclined strip groove 22112 and the vertical strip groove 2221a, and the left rod of the frame connector 2222
  • the 22223 and the right rod 22224 are respectively horizontally hinged to the left and right panels of the clip box 22
  • the clamping device 22 further includes a buckle 26 arranged on the upper part of the buckle plate 2211 and located in front of the cylindrical protrusion 24, and the corresponding lower panel of the casing 1 is provided with a clamping slot 14;
  • the buckle 26 just snaps into the card slot 14, and the cylindrical protrusion 24 and the corresponding cylindrical through slot 13
  • the internal male and female electrical interfaces are connected. Prevent the receiver 1 from falling out of the case 2 during use.
  • the upper and rear part of the casing 1 is also provided with a heat sink 15 of the laser element.
  • a heat sink air-cooling inlet 151 that penetrates up and down is opened in the middle of the heat sink 15 to correspond to the wind of the heat sink.
  • the upper panel of the chassis 2 is provided with a forced air cooling inlet 27, and the left and/or right panels of the chassis 2 are provided with a forced air cooling outlet 28.
  • the heat sink 15 has a sheet-like multilayer structure, and the external active air cooling mechanism takes in air through the forced air cooling inlet 27, allowing air to flow vertically and horizontally to the forced air cooling outlet 28 for forced wind cooling of the heat sink 15.
  • the front panel of the receiver 1 is provided with a display device or a warning light 18, which prompts that the connection is completed after the laser element is ready for connection; and prompts that the laser is outputting when the laser element is working and emitting light.
  • the optical interface 12 cooperates with the laser outlet of the laser element through a concave cone cavity, and outputs laser light through an optical fiber ferrule; one end of the electrical interface 11 is connected to the electrical interface of the laser unit, and the other end is connected to the chassis The unified electrical input connector 29.
  • the columnar protrusions 24 are arrayed on the upper surface of the buckle plate 2211, and the lower plate array of the casing 1 has corresponding 13 arrays.
  • the lower panel array of the casing 1 has 18 double-row cylindrical through slots 13 with an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane, and each cylindrical through slot 13 is provided with
  • a ring-shaped barrel-shaped metal ferrule has a cavity structure in the center of the metal ferrule.
  • the diameter of the cavity is 3 mm and the length is 5 mm, which allows the needle-shaped pin inside the cylindrical protrusion 24 to be inserted.
  • the upper plate surface array of the buckle plate has 18 double-row cylindrical protrusions 24 with an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane.
  • the cylindrical protrusions 24 are provided with internal structures that match 13 Electrical pins.
  • the buckle plate 2211 and the cylindrical protrusion 24 are lifted under the action of the spring assembly 2212.
  • the rear surface of the buckle plate 2211 is an inclined surface, and a part of the inclined surface is always in contact with the inclined surface of the clamping box 223, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface is the same as the inclination angle of the axis of the cylindrical protrusion 24
  • press the release button 2221 to press the inclined surface of the buckle plate 2211 to move downward, and at the same time, the cylindrical protrusion 24 and the electrical ferrule inside move downward, so that the receiver 1 can be inserted; After a certain position, for example, the rear panel of the receiver 1 abuts against the rear panel of the chassis 2, or the rear panel of the receiver 1 abuts against the positioning block provided in the chassis 2, release the release button 2221, as shown in Figure 8.
  • the buckle plate 2211 pops up, and the cylindrical protrusion 24 and the electrical ferrule inside it are inserted into the casing 13 and the electrical ferrule to realize the circuit connection.
  • the optical interface 12 cooperates to realize optical communication.
  • the receiver 1 Under the action of the elastic component 2212 such as a spring, the receiver 1 is applied with backward force to compress the electrical interface 11 and the optical interface 12, and under the restriction of the buckle 26, the receiver 1 cannot be loosened or accidentally taken out.
  • the rear panel of the chassis 2 horizontally corresponding to the position of the insertion port 211 is provided with an optical connector 25, and corresponding to the position of the optical connector 25, the casing 1 is provided with a matching optical interface 11.
  • the inside of the optical interface 11 is connected to the laser output port in the casing 1 through an optical fiber.
  • the optical interface 12 of the receiver 1 includes a cone-shaped cavity 121 with a cone-top in the front and an axis extending horizontally backward, and the cone-top part of the cone-shaped cavity 121 is horizontally forward.
  • a small cylindrical cavity 122 intersecting with the cone-shaped cavity is extended, and the cone bottom part of the cone-shaped cavity 121 extends backward horizontally to have a large cylindrical cavity 123; the small cylindrical cavity
  • the front side of the cavity 122 is directly connected or connected to the laser emitting port of the laser element through an optical fiber ferrule 124;
  • the rear panel of the corresponding chassis 2 is provided with a matching optical connector 25, that is, an optical fiber connector.
  • the optical connector 25 includes the same shape as the tapered cavity 121 A tapered adapter 251 and an external optical fiber 251 arranged inside the tapered adapter 251.
  • the front end of the external optical fiber 251 is provided with an external optical fiber ferrule 253 that can be inserted into the small cylindrical cavity 122.
  • the optical fiber ferrule 253 is located at the front end of the tapered adapter 251.
  • the rear end of the tapered adapter 251 extends backward with a cylindrical adapter 254 with the same shape as the large cylindrical cavity 123.
  • the cylindrical adapter 254 can Extend to be flush with the rear surface of the chassis 2.
  • the top of the optical fiber ferrule 124 has a lens, and the lens is a convex lens 125 or a biconvex lens or a graded refractive index lens.
  • the optical interface 12 is connected to the optical connector 25, the optical fiber of the external optical fiber ferrule 253
  • the distance between the front end surface and the lens is equal to the focal length of the lens, or is half of the distance or an integer multiple thereof; the divergent light emitted by the optical fiber is collimated.
  • the fiber core diameter is 400 um
  • the fiber ferrule 124 diameter is 3 mm
  • the lens is a convex lens 125.
  • the small cylindrical cavity 122 allows the external optical fiber ferrule 253 to be inserted.
  • the optical fiber ferrule 124 of the laser element collimates the laser light, then it is coupled into the external optical fiber ferrule 253 of the chassis 2 and output through the external optical fiber 252.
  • the gap size can be 10um-1000um. In the example, this gap is 500um.
  • the cone angle of the cone cavity 121 is 45°.
  • the arrangement of the tapered adapter 251 and the tapered cavity 121 with a cone angle of 45 degrees and the mechanical structure of the large cylindrical cavity 123 and 254 cylindrical adapters enable the fiber ferrule 124 and the external fiber ferrule 253 of the laser element to be able to Precision docking.
  • the receiver 1 when the receiver 1 is not installed in the case 2, as shown in Figs. 1-3.
  • the shape of the first accommodating space 21 is the same as that of the receiver 1; the left and right panels of the receiver 1 are provided with horizontal positioning grooves 16, and the corresponding left and right panels of the first accommodating space 21 are provided with Horizontal positioning protrusion 213.
  • the front part of the left and right panels of the casing 1 is provided with a non-slip groove structure 17, corresponding to the non-slip groove structure 17, the insertion port 211 also includes a casing opened in front of the left and right panels of the casing 2.
  • the plug-in groove 2111 is convenient for the user to take out the receiver 1 from the case 2 by hand.
  • a replaceable laser array includes at least two replaceable lasers as described above.
  • the left and right sides of each replaceable laser cabinet are respectively provided with horizontal array guide grooves and horizontal array guide rails.
  • the parallel snap-fit installation of multiple replaceable lasers is performed through the horizontal array guide slot and the horizontal array guide rail to realize simple disassembly and replacement of the replaceable laser array.
  • a forced air cooling outlet 28 is also opened on the rear panel of the chassis 2 corresponding to the heat sink.
  • multiple appearances and output interfaces remain unified.
  • Multiple replaceable lasers with unified optical connectors 25 and electrical connectors on the chassis 2 form a replaceable laser array.
  • the fiber connectors 25 on the chassis 2 are directly or indirectly connected to external optical fibers.
  • Output lasers of multiple wavelengths and output to different use appliances such as photodynamic therapy equipment or dedicated wavelength switcher 3 through multiple optical fibers.
  • the number of chassis 2 in the figure is four, and the number of receiver 1 is two.
  • the replaceable laser array can realize the quick and convenient disassembly and assembly of the receiver 2 (laser element), and the laser unit can be replaced with different output wavelengths.
  • Foscan photosensitizer is needed for treatment temporarily during treatment (the treatment wavelength is 652nm), only the receiver with 652nm emission wavelength needs to be purchased 1 insert It can be used in an empty case.
  • each replaceable laser of the replaceable laser array can be connected to the power supply and control system of the photodynamic therapy instrument, and the photodynamic therapy instrument is uniformly powered and controlled.
  • the optical interface of the replaceable laser array output is connected to an external optical fiber.
  • 4 chassis arrays are connected to 4 external optical fibers. These external optical fibers can be directly connected to the wavelength switcher to realize the selective output of the wavelength; different photodynamic therapy instruments can also be connected respectively.
  • the wavelength switcher can be implemented in a variety of ways, such as coupling an all-in-one fiber coupler to a fiber output, and controlling the output wavelength of the laser array to achieve wavelength selection; or using a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) to achieve multiple wavelengths Multiplexing and selection.
  • WDM wavelength division multiplexer
  • the coupling and switching of multiple optical fibers and one or several optical fibers can also be controlled by mechanical motion.
  • the present invention adopts the following scheme:
  • the wavelength switcher 3 as shown in Figs. 11-19, includes several optical fiber input ports 31 connected (directly or indirectly connected) to the optical connectors 25 of several replaceable lasers of the replaceable laser array and an optical fiber
  • the output interface 32 also includes a base 33 and a number of optical fiber plugs 34; the base 33 includes a chassis 331 and a fixed shaft 332 extending upward along the center of the chassis 331.
  • the fixed shaft 332 is fixed from bottom to top.
  • the axis of the fixed shaft 332 is the driving gear 35 of the rotating shaft and the optical fiber displacement disk 36; the base 33 cannot rotate or move, and is the fixed center of the entire wavelength switch 3 and other peripheral devices; preferably, the A bearing is provided between the driving gear 35 and/or the optical fiber displacement disk 36 and the fixed shaft 332.
  • the optical fiber inserter 34 includes an optical fiber inserting rod 341, a driven gear 342 provided on the periphery of the optical fiber inserting rod 341 and meshing with the driving gear 35; the optical fiber inserting rod 342 is provided with an optical fiber at its axial position, One end of the optical fiber of the optical fiber insertion rod 342 is connected to the optical fiber input interface 31, and the other end is connected to the optical fiber output interface 32, and vice versa;
  • the optical fiber inserter 34 is uniformly or centrally symmetrically arranged on the chassis where the optical fiber displacement disk 36 is located at the radial periphery of the driving gear 35 and vertically corresponds to the optical fiber inserter 34 331 is provided with a plurality of output holes 3311 for screwing the optical fiber output interface 32; the corresponding optical fiber output interface 32 is provided with an external thread that is screwed to the output hole 3311;
  • the optical fiber displacement disk 36 is provided with an optical fiber insertion hole 361 for positioning the optical fiber inserter 34 at a position located on the radial periphery of the driving gear 35;
  • the optical fiber displacement plate 36 rotates under the driving of the driving gear 35 and the driven gear 342 to drive the optical fiber inserter 34 around the stationary shaft
  • the optical fiber inserting rod 341 rotates around the axis of the fixed shaft 332 to above the output hole 3311
  • the optical fiber inserting rod 341 is driven by the driving gear 35 and the driven gear 342 Move up and down along the optical fiber insertion hole 361 to extract from the output hole 3311 or insert the optical fiber output interface 32.
  • a large driving gear 35 and a small driven gear 342 are used to form the main transmission structure, and the optical fiber inserter 34 is arranged at the center of the small driven gear 342.
  • the driving gear 35 rotates to drive the driven gear 342 to rotate
  • the driven gear 342 rotates to drive the optical fiber inserting rod 341 to move up and down to complete the insertion and withdrawal of the optical fiber inserting rod 341;
  • the central axis of the driven gear 342 can move, that is, when the optical fiber inserting rod 341 is completely located above the chassis 331, the driven gear 35 and the optical fiber inserter 34 are locked, and they cannot surround their own axis.
  • the driven gear 342 drives the optical fiber displacement plate 36 to rotate along the driving gear 35 under the driving of the driving gear 35 to realize the rotation and translation of the optical fiber inserter 34.
  • the wavelength switcher 3 further includes a micro switch device 37 arranged above the optical fiber displacement disk 36, and the micro switch device 37 includes a micro switch disk 371, The micro switch element 372, the micro spring 373, the limit ball 374 and the micro support rod 375; the micro switch disk 371 is provided with a micro hole 3711; the micro spring 373, the limit ball 374 and the micro support The rod 375 is arranged in the micro-movement hole 3711, and the micro-movement spring 373 is sleeved on the micro-movement support rod 375.
  • the optical fiber displacement plate 36 is provided with a micro switch positioning groove 362 with the same angle as the optical fiber inserter 34.
  • the optical fiber displacement plate 36 rotates, the The limit ball 374 moves from the current micro switch positioning slot 362 into the adjacent micro switch positioning slot, and at the same time the optical fiber inserter 34 moves from above the current output hole 3311 into the adjacent output hole.
  • the optical fiber insertion holes 361 are centrally symmetrically arranged on the optical fiber displacement disc 36, and corresponding micro switch positioning is provided in the radial direction of the optical fiber displacement disc 36 where the optical fiber insertion holes 361 are located.
  • the groove 362 is used to ensure that the optical fiber inserter 34 can be accurately positioned above the output hole 3311 when the optical fiber displacement disk 36 rotates.
  • This structure mainly has two functions: 1. When the optical fiber inserter 34 is aligned with the optical fiber output interface 32 on the chassis 331 and is completely above the chassis 331, the limit ball 374 rolls in under the drive of the micro spring 373 After the micro switch positioning groove 362 on the upper surface of the optical fiber displacement plate 36 is inserted, the rotation resistance of the optical fiber displacement plate 36 increases and cannot be rotated. The rotation of the driving gear 35 causes the optical fiber inserter 34 to rotate along its own axis to drive the optical fiber to insert. The rod 341 moves downwards until it is inserted into the optical fiber output interface 32 on the chassis 331; 2.
  • the driving gear 35 rotates in the reverse direction to drive the optical fiber inserter 34 to separate from the optical fiber output interface 32 and retract to the upper limit position, the driven gear 342 As the rotation resistance increases, the limit ball 374 is forced to escape from the micro switch positioning groove 362 on the upper surface of the optical fiber displacement plate 36, and the driving gear 35 drives the optical fiber inserter 34 to move above the next optical fiber output interface.
  • the limit ball 374 is connected to the triggering device of the micro switch element 372 through the micro movement support rod 375 and the micro movement spring 373.
  • the limit ball 374 leaves the micro switch positioning groove 362 on the optical fiber displacement plate 36, its position rises, triggering the micro switch element 372 to open; when the limit ball 374 enters the micro switch positioning groove on the optical fiber displacement plate 36 After 362, its position is lowered, and the micro switch element 372 is turned off. According to the signal of the micro switch element 372, it can be determined whether the limit ball 374 is in the micro switch positioning groove 362, and the rotation direction of the driving gear 35 is controlled.
  • the above-mentioned wavelength switcher 3 uses the driving gear 353 to realize the coupling and switching output of the optical fiber input of multiple laser wavelengths and the output of one laser wavelength.
  • the output coupling of the above-mentioned wavelength switch 3 can not only use one optical fiber for output, but also use two or more optical fibers for output. The principle is similar to that of one optical fiber.
  • the driven gear 342 is connected to the optical fiber inserting rod 341 through a screw nut pair 3421; on the optical fiber inserting rod 341, the upper part of the optical fiber inserting rod 341 is provided with an optical fiber insertion hole
  • the vertical positioning groove 3411 matched with the positioning protrusion of the 361, the vertical positioning groove 3411 is locked with the positioning protrusion in the optical fiber insertion hole 361, so that the optical fiber insertion rod 341 does not rotate relative to the optical fiber displacement plate 36.
  • the optical fiber insertion rod 341 is provided with a screw external thread that matches the screw internal thread of the driven gear 342 under the vertical positioning groove 3411. When the driven gear 342 rotates, it passes The screw nut pair 3421 pushes the optical fiber insertion rod 341 to move up and down;
  • an optical fiber insertion rod bearing 3422 is provided between the driven gear 342 and the optical fiber insertion rod 341, and the optical fiber insertion rod bearing 3422 is composed of at least two bearings capable of bearing opposite axial forces.
  • the driving gear 35 can be arranged between the chassis 33 and the optical fiber displacement disk 36, or above or below, and the position can be adjusted flexibly as required.
  • a spring 343 and a spring positioning shoulder 344 are provided at the lower part of the external thread of the screw; preferably, under the spring positioning shoulder 344 is an optical fiber ferrule connected to the optical fiber output interface 32;
  • the spring 343 and the spring positioning shoulder 344 make the optical fiber insert rod 341 flexible when inserted into the optical fiber output interface 32 to avoid damage to the head of the optical fiber ferrule; at the same time, it has downward pressure after insertion to make the coupling between the optical fiber ferrules tight enough Without loosening.
  • the internal screw thread of the driven gear 342 is longer than the external screw thread of the optical fiber inserting rod 341, and the top of the external screw thread is against the top of the internal screw thread, and/ Or when the bottom of the vertical positioning groove 3411 and the bottom of the positioning protrusion of the optical fiber insertion hole 361 abut, the bottom of the optical fiber insertion rod 341 is at least completely above the 331 chassis, so that the optical fiber insertion rod 341 Driven by the driving and transmission gears, when the optical fiber output interface 32 is retracted away from the optical fiber output interface 32, if it retracts to the extreme position shown in Fig.
  • the external thread of the screw reaches the upper end of the internal thread of the screw, and/or the optical fiber insertion hole
  • the positioning protrusion 361 reaches the bottom of the vertical positioning groove 3411 on the optical fiber inserting rod 341, so that the driven gear 342 cannot rotate along its own axis, and the driving gear 35 drives the optical fiber displacement disk 36 to rotate.
  • the limit position of the optical fiber insertion rod 341 reaches the upper end of the internal thread of the screw screw from the external thread of the screw, and/or the positioning protrusion of the optical fiber insertion hole 361 reaches the vertical positioning groove 3411 on the optical fiber insertion rod 341 To define the bottom.
  • the docking position of the optical fiber inserting rod 341 and the optical fiber output interface 32 is accurately positioned by the number of turns of the driving gear 35 reversely moving.
  • the optical fiber insertion rod 341 Before the start state, the optical fiber insertion rod 341 is completely located above the chassis, and the external thread of the screw reaches the upper end of the internal thread of the screw and/or the positioning protrusion of the optical fiber insertion hole 361 reaches the optical fiber insertion rod 341 At the bottom of the vertical positioning groove 3411, the optical fiber insertion rod 341 is positioned to the extreme position (that is, the optical fiber insertion rod 341 is pulled out to the upper extreme position); the limit ball 374 is located in the micro switch positioning groove 362 in.
  • the rotation of the optical fiber displacement plate 36 drives the optical fiber inserter 34 to move from the current optical fiber output interface 32 to the next optical fiber output interface, specifically: controlling the positive rotation of the driving gear 35 to drive the optical fiber displacement plate 36 rotates, and the limit ball 374 moves out of the micro switch positioning groove 362, and the micro switch element 374 opens.
  • the limit ball 374 is locked into the next micro switch positioning groove of the fiber displacement disc 36 under the rotation of the fiber displacement disc 36, the micro switch element 374 is closed; the opening and closing of the micro switch The action controls the driving gear 35 to start reverse rotation.
  • the optical fiber inserting rod 341 of the optical fiber inserter 34 moves downward to connect with the optical fiber output interface 32, specifically: the driving gear 35 starts to rotate in the reverse direction; the driving gear 35 rotates in the reverse direction for a certain number of turns , Driving the optical fiber inserting rod 341 to move down to the optical fiber output interface 32 and laser coupling output to the photodynamic therapy instrument for photodynamic therapy.
  • the optical fiber inserting rod 341 of the optical fiber inserter 34 moves upward to the limit position, specifically: after the treatment is completed, the driving gear 35 is controlled to rotate forward, and the optical fiber inserting rod 341 moves upward and gradually moves out
  • the optical fiber output interface 32 finally moves to the position before the above-mentioned starting state to complete a use cycle.
  • the positive rotation of the control driving gear can be controlled by the control system provided in the wavelength switch 33, or can be controlled by the photodynamic therapy instrument.
  • the specific setting method is the control system control interface of the wavelength switch 33 or the photodynamic
  • the start switch is set on the treatment device control interface.
  • the driving gear is converted from forward rotation to reverse rotation in a complete opening and closing action control of the micro switch device 37.

Abstract

一种可更换式激光器及其阵列，可更换式激光器由统一外形、统一电学接口（11）的内部装有激光器元件的机匣（1）和用于卡接机匣（1）的机箱（2）构成。激光器元件的供电及参数控制由机匣（1）和扣合板（2211）上带有倾斜角度的柱形凸起（24）与其内的电子接口实现；且带有倾斜角度的柱形凸起（24）能够实现机匣（1）与机箱（2）的精密定位。当更换不同波长的激光器元件时，只需要将机匣（1）从机箱（2）内抽出，替换成另一个含有发射不同波长激光的机匣（1）即可，大幅降低了医护人员进行激光波长切换的难度，提高了激光治疗仪器在医疗领域中的普及推广率。可更换式激光器阵列，每个机箱（2）内均可更换不同波长的机匣（1），多个机箱（2）后面可连接多种波长切换器（3），实现波长的选择输出。

Description

一种可更换式激光器及其阵列 技术领域
本发明属于激光医疗器械领域，具体涉及用于光动力治疗的一种可更换式激光器及其阵列。
背景技术
光动力疗法(Photodynamic Therapy，PDT)是利用光动力效应进行疾病诊断和治疗的一种新技术。其作用基础是光动力效应。光动力效应是一种有氧分子参与的伴随生物效应的光敏化反应。其过程是，特定波长的激光照射使组织吸收的光敏剂受到激发，而激发态的光敏剂又把能量传递给周围的氧，生成活性很强的单态氧，单态氧和相邻的生物大分子发生氧化反应，产生细胞毒性作用，进而导致细胞受损乃至死亡。相比传统疗法，光动力疗法具有创伤小、靶向性好、无耐药和毒副作用的优点。
激光是最方便的可携带性光源，具相干性(coherent)和单色性，即能产生高能量的单一波长的光波，输出功率可被精确调控，能直接通过纤维光缆，引入到中空器官和深在肿瘤内。光动力的治疗时间与光敏剂吸收光能力和光传递能量给氧的效力有关。根据治疗中的适应症和光敏剂种类的不同，激光波长和所需能量也不同，大多数光敏剂能强烈吸收630nm或长于630nm的光。例如，Photofrin是一种用于胃癌和膀胱癌的光敏剂，其激发波长为630nm；Metvix是用于基底细胞癌的光敏剂，激发波长为635nm；Foscan是用于头颈部肿瘤的光敏剂，激发波长为652nm；Purlytin是用于乳腺癌和前列腺癌的光敏剂，激发波长为664nm；Talaporfin是用于实体肿瘤的广普光敏剂，激发波长为664nm；Verteporfin是用于基底细胞癌的光敏剂，激发波长为689nm；Lutex是用于前列腺和脑癌的光敏剂，激发波长为732nm。对于光动力治疗这种疗法来说，光敏剂和适用症的种类都非常多，而且还不断有新型光敏剂在市场上推出，普通不具备激光常识的医护人员在更换激光器、更换激光波长时往往束手无策或者很容易犯错。
而且激光器的结构复杂，价格高昂，使用步骤繁琐，特别是现有的光动力治疗仪器中使用的激光器均为半导体激光器，其激光器内部不仅仅需要通过外接电源供电，同时还需要进行功率调整、波长调整、脉冲调整等多种参数的控制，其电学外接供电装置及参数控制装置繁多，必须靠多个外接电力接头进行通讯，稍有不慎便会连接出错，使得医护人员医护人员在使用医疗激光器特别是更换时存在畏惧心理，严重阻碍了激光治疗仪器在医疗中的普及推广。
发明内容
基于上述问题，本发明提供了一种能够快速准确实现多种不同波长的激光器元件切换的可更换式激光器及其阵列。
一种可更换式激光器，包括固定有激光器元件的机匣以及用于卡接所述机匣的机箱；所述机匣具备唯一的电学接口和若干光学接口与所述机箱对接；所述机匣可从所述机箱内抽出，并替换成另一个含有发射不同波长激光的激光器元件的机匣。所述激光器元件可为半导体激光器元件、固体激光器元件、气体激光器元件或其他种类的激光器元件，二极管器元件比之金属蒸汽激光器元件或色调(tuned-dye)激光器元件便宜，可携带，因此可优先选用。
具体地，所述机箱包括用于容纳所述机匣的第一容置空间，卡接装置，以及用于容纳所述卡接装置的第二容置空间；所述机箱的前面板设有用于将所述机匣水平插入所述第一容置空间的插入口；
所述第二容置空间设于所述第一容置空间的下方且通过设于所述第一容置空间下面板的卡接口与所述第一容置空间相贯通；
所述卡接装置包括扣合组件和按钮组件，所述扣合组件包括水平设置的扣合板和设于所述扣合板下方的弹性组件，
所述扣合板的上面板设有若干轴线向后倾斜的柱形凸起，对应的所述机匣的下面板设有若干与所述柱形凸起形状相同的柱形通槽；所述柱形凸起与所述柱形通槽内部分别设有相匹配的公母型电学接口，所述柱形凸起在所述弹性组件的作用下向上穿过所述卡接口卡入所述柱形通槽为所述激光器元件供电并进行激光器元件的参数辅助调整；优选地，所述柱形凸起的电学接口连接电源和/或激光器元件的参数调整控制装置，柱形通槽内的电学接口分别连接激光器元件的电源接口和/或功率调整接口、波长调整接口、脉冲调整接口等参数控制接口；
所述按钮组件向后移动时，带动所述扣合板沿所述柱形凸起的轴线方向斜向下移动至所述柱形凸起脱离所述柱形通槽；进而使得所述机匣脱离所述扣合板，方便从所述插入口取出机匣并放入带有不同波长激光器元件的机匣，也就是说只需进行机匣的切换即可完成激光器元件的波长切换。
将另机匣装入所述第一容置空间后，所述按钮组件向前复位，此时，所述扣合板在所述弹性组件的作用下沿所述柱形凸起的轴线方向斜向上移动至所述柱形凸起卡入所述柱形通槽，并为所述激光器元件供电和/或进行激光器元件参数调整控制装置。
作为优选，所述机箱水平对应所述插入口位置的后面板设有光学接头，对应光学接头的位置，所述机匣设有配套的光学接口。使得不同波长激光器元件的机匣具备统一的光学接口和电学接口，大幅降低了医护人员进行激光波长切换的难度，提高了激光治疗仪器在医疗领域中的普及推广率。
所述机匣的光学接口包括锥顶在前、轴线向后水平延伸的锥形空腔，所述锥形空腔的锥顶部分向前水平延伸设有与所述锥形空腔相贯通的小柱形空腔，所述锥形空腔的锥 底部分向后水平延伸设有大柱形空腔；所述小柱形空腔的前侧直接连接或者通过光纤插芯连接所述激光器元件的激光发出口；
对应的所述机箱的后面板设有与之相匹配的光学接头，也即为光纤连接器，所述光学接头包括与所述锥形空腔形状相同的锥形适配器以及设于所述锥形适配器内部的外接光纤，所述外接光纤的前端设有可以插接入所述小柱形空腔的外接光纤插芯，所述外接光纤插芯位于所述锥形适配器的前端，所述锥形适配器后端向后延伸有与所述大柱形空腔形状相同的柱形适配器，所述柱形适配器延伸至与所述机箱后板面相平齐。
所述光纤插芯的顶部具有一个透镜，所述透镜为凸透镜或双凸透镜或折射率渐变透镜，所述光学接口与所述光学接头对接时、所述外接光纤插芯的光纤前端面与所述透镜的距离所述透镜的焦距相等。
作为优选，所述卡接装置还包括卡接盒，所述卡接盒固定于所述第二容置空间，且所述弹性组件的下方固定于所述卡接盒的底部，所述扣合板上下移动时不完全脱离所述卡接盒；所述卡接盒的左右两侧设有若干与所述柱形凸起的轴线倾斜角度相同的倾斜导轨，对应的所述扣合板的左右两侧设有倾斜导槽。
优选地，所述第二容置空间的左右两侧面上设有若干与所述柱形凸起的轴线倾斜角度相同的倾斜导轨，对应的所述扣合板的左右两侧设有倾斜导槽，所述弹性组件的下方固定于所述第二容置空间的底部，所述扣合板上下移动时不完全脱离所述倾斜导轨。
作为优选，所述按钮组件包括设于所述第二容置空间对应的机箱的前面板的释放按钮与设于所述释放按钮后方的框型连接件；所述释放按钮的后侧设有竖直条形槽孔，所述扣合板的前侧设有倾斜条形槽孔，所述竖直条形槽孔与所述倾斜条形槽孔的开孔方向垂直于所述机箱的左右面板，且所述倾斜条形槽的条形倾斜方向垂直于所述柱形凸起的轴线；所述框型连接件的上杆、下杆分别在所述倾斜条形槽和所述竖直条形槽中滑动，所述框型连接件的左杆和右杆分别水平铰接于所述卡接盒的左右面板。所述释放按钮向后移动时，竖直条形槽孔向后移动，带动所述框型连接件的下杆在制作中竖直条形槽中向斜后方转动，进而带动所述框型连接件的上杆在所述倾斜条形槽中向斜前方转动，同时所述倾斜条形槽的受力方向始终与所述柱形凸起的倾斜方向相同，进而带动所述扣合板沿着所述柱形凸起的倾斜方向向下移动。
作为优选，所述扣合板还包括设于所述扣合板上部位于所述柱形凸起前方的卡扣，对应的所述机匣的下面板设有卡槽；当所述机匣的后面板与所述机箱的后面板对接时，所述卡扣刚好卡入所述卡槽，且所述柱形凸起与对应的所述柱形通槽内部的公母型电学接口相接通。
作为优选，所述第一容置空间的形状与所述机匣的形状相同；所述机匣的左右面板设有水平的定位凹槽，对应的所述第一容置空间左右面板设有水平定位凸起，和/或所述 机匣左右面板靠前的部位设有防滑沟槽结构，对应所述防滑沟槽结构，所述插入口还包括开于所述机箱左右面板前方的机匣插拔凹槽。
一种可更换式激光器阵列，包括至少两个上述的可更换式激光器，每个所述可更换式激光器机箱的左右侧面分别设有水平阵列导槽与水平阵列导轨。
作为优选，所述可更换式激光器阵列还包括波长切换器，所述波长切换器包括与所述可更换式激光器阵列若干可更换式激光器的光学接口相连(直接相连或间接相连)的若干光纤输入接口和一个光纤输出接口，还包括底座和若干光纤插拔器；所述底座包括底盘以及沿底盘的中心向上延伸的不动轴，所述不动轴自下而上固定有与之轴线相重合的主动齿轮和光纤位移盘；所述光纤插拔器包括光纤插杆、设于所述光纤插杆外围的与所述主动齿轮相啮合的从动齿轮组件；所述光纤插杆一端连接所述光纤输入接口、另一端活动连接所述光纤输出接口；作为优选，多个所述光纤插拔器中心对称设于所述光纤位移盘位于所述主动齿轮径向外围位置的光纤插拔孔，且与所述光纤插拔孔竖直对应的所述光底盘上设有若干用于螺旋连接所述光纤输出接口的输出孔；
作为优选，所述光纤插杆位于所述底盘上方时，所述光纤位移盘在所述主、从传动齿轮的带动下转动；所述光纤插杆转动至所述输出孔上方时，若干所述光纤插杆在所述主、从传动齿轮的带动下沿所述光纤插拔孔上下运动从所述输出孔拔出或插入所述光纤输出接口。
作为优选，所述波长切换器还包括设于所述光纤位移盘上方的微动开关装置，所述微动开关装置包括微动开关盘与若干微动开关元件；所述光纤位移盘上设有与所述光纤插拔器设置角度相同的微动开关定位槽，所述光纤位移盘转动时，所述微动开关元件的触发装置从当前微动开关定位槽移入相邻的微动开关定位槽，同时所述光纤插拔器从当前输出孔上方移入相邻输出孔上方。(具体地，所述光纤插拔孔中心对称设于所述光纤位移盘，在所述光纤插拔孔所在的所述光纤位移盘的径向上，均设有对应的微动开关定位槽，以保证光纤插拔器可已在所述光纤位移盘旋转时，准确定位至所述输出孔的上方)
本发明相对于现有技术优势在于：
1、本发明所述的可更换式激光器由统一外形、统一电学接口和光学接口的内部装有激光器元件的机匣和用于卡接所述机匣的机箱构成。每个机匣内部的激光器元件可以由半导体激光器、固体激光器、气体激光器或其他种类的激光器元件构成，激光的输出通过设于所述机箱后部的同一光学接头输出。激光器元件的供电及参数控制由机匣和扣合板上带有倾斜角度的柱形凸起与内的电子接口实现；且带有倾斜角度的柱形凸起与能够实现机匣与机箱的精密定位。当更换不同波长的激光器元件时，只需要将所述机箱内的机匣从机箱内抽出，替换成另一个含有发射不同波长激光的激光器元件的机匣即可，将不同波长激光器元件的切换，替代为含有统一外形、统一光学接口和电学接口的机匣 的切换，大幅降低了医护人员进行激光波长切换的难度，提高了激光治疗仪器在医疗领域中的普及推广率。
2、本发明所述的可更换式激光器，机匣采用带有锥形空腔和柱形空腔的光学接口，对应的光学接头设有锥形和柱形适配器，使得所述机匣激光器元件的输出与所述机箱的光纤输出在没有专业工具的情况下实现精准的机械式对接，并利于所述机匣激光器元件的输出元件标准化。
3、本发明所述的可更换式激光器，卡接板具有机械卡扣，在放入机匣的卡槽后通过卡槽上的卡扣进行配合，进一步防止机匣脱出。提高了系统的安全性与稳定性。且机匣具有防滑沟槽结构，方便使用者通过手取出或插入机箱第一容置空间，为医护工作者的广泛使用奠定基础。
4、本发明所述的可更换式激光器阵列，机箱上具有统一光纤接头和电子接头，机箱上的光纤接头直接或间接连接外部光纤，可输出多种波长激光并通过多根光纤输出到不同的使用器具如光动力治疗仪或输出到专用的波长切换器。在治疗过程中临时需要更换光敏剂用于治疗，只需购买对应光敏剂波长的机匣插入机箱中即可使用。
5、本发明所述的可更换式激光器阵列，每个机箱内均可更换不同波长的机匣，多个机箱后面可连接多种波长切换器，实现波长的选择输出。
6、本发明所述的可更换式激光器阵列，还包括波长转换装置，实现可更换式激光器的多条光纤输入，一根光纤输出的机械式光纤耦合和切换。通过多个光纤插拔器和光纤输出接口的相对位置变化，当某根输入光纤与光纤输出接口的位置对准时，输出该光纤插拔器所连的光纤内的激光，实现切换不同波长输出的效果，使用简单易学，进一步促进了激光治疗仪器在医疗领域的发展。
7、本发明所述的可更换式激光器阵列，其波长转换装置通过微动弹簧、限位滚珠和微动支杆控制微动开关元件的启闭，其结构巧妙与底座和光纤位移盘巧妙连接，实现主动齿轮的转向控制及光纤插杆的精确定位。
8、本发明所述的可更换式激光器阵列，其波长转换装置不仅可以实现一个光纤输出接口的不同波长的激光输出，更能实现多个光纤接口的相同或不同波长输出，提高了光动力治疗仪的利用效率。
9、本发明所述的可更换式激光器阵列，其波长转换装置采用丝杠外螺纹的端部的螺止结构阻止所述丝杠内螺纹螺出，和/或利用光纤插杆的竖直定位槽的底端与光纤插拔孔内的竖直定位凸起底端相抵，实现将光纤插杆的上下移动锁止，进而使得所述光纤位移盘转动，带动所述光纤插拔器整体的移动。
10、本发明所述的可更换式激光器阵列，其波长转换装置利用设于光纤插杆底部的弹簧及弹簧定位轴肩，使得光纤插杆在插入光纤输出接口时具有弹性，避免底部的光纤插芯头部损坏；同时在插入后具有向下的压力，使光纤插芯间的耦合足够紧密而不松脱。
附图说明
图1是本发明可更换式激光器的第一实施例的三维结构示意图；
图2是本发明可更换式激光器的第一实施例的右视剖视结构示意图；
图3是本发明可更换式激光器的第一实施例的前视结构示意图；
图4是本发明可更换式激光器的第一实施例机匣的三维结构示意图；
图5是本发明可更换式激光器的第一实施例机匣的右视剖视结构示意图；
图6是本发明可更换式激光器的第二实施例卡接装置的三维结构示意图；
图7是本发明可更换式激光器的第二实施例卡接装置与机匣未扣合状态示意图；
图8是本发明可更换式激光器的第二实施例的卡接装置与机匣扣合状态示意图；
图9是本发明可更换式激光器的第三实施例的光学接口示意图；
图10是本发明可更换式激光器的第四实施例可更换式激光器阵列三维结构示意图；
图11是本发明可更换式激光器的第五实施例的波长切换器的三维结构示意图；
图12是本发明可更换式激光器的第五实施例的光纤插拔器的三维结构示意图；
图13是本发明可更换式激光器的第五实施例的光纤插拔器的光纤插杆位于极限位置时的剖视结构示意图；
图14是本发明可更换式激光器的第五实施例的光纤插拔器的光纤插杆对接位置时的剖视结构示意图；
图15是本发明可更换式激光器的第五实施例的光纤插杆与光纤输出接口对接状态局部结构示意图；
图16是本发明可更换式激光器的第五实施例的光纤位移盘与微动开关装置结构示意图；
图17是本发明可更换式激光器的第五实施例的微动开关装置透视结构示意图；
图18是本发明可更换式激光器的第五实施例的可更换式激光器与波长切换器的机械式光纤耦合和切换原理示意图；
图19是本发明可更换式激光器的第五实施例的波长切换器工作流程图。
图中各附图标记为：1—机匣；11—电学接口，12—光学接口，121—锥形空腔；122—小柱形空腔；123—大柱形空腔；124—光纤插芯；125—凸透镜；13—柱形通槽；14—卡槽；15—散热片；151-散热片风冷入口；16—水平定位凹槽；17—防滑沟槽结构；18—显示装置；2—机箱；21—第一容置空间；211—插入口；2111—机匣插拔凹槽；212—卡接口；213—水平定位凸起；22—卡接装置；221—扣合组件；2211—扣合板；22111 —倾斜导槽；2112—倾斜条形槽；2212—弹性组件；222—按钮组件；2221—释放按钮；2221a—竖直条形槽；2222—框型连接件；22221—上杆，22222—下杆，22223—左杆，22224—右杆；223—卡接盒；2231—倾斜导轨；23—第二容置空间；24—柱形凸起；25—光学接头；251—锥形适配器；252—外接光纤；253—外接光纤插芯；254—柱形适配器；26—卡扣；27—强制风冷入口；28—强制风冷出口；29—电学输入接头；3—波长切换器；31—光纤输入接口；32—光纤输出接口；33—底座；331—底盘；3311—输出孔；332—不动轴；34—光纤插拔器；341—光纤插杆；3411—竖直定位槽；342—从动齿轮；3421—丝杠螺母副；3422—光纤插杆轴承；343—弹簧；344—弹簧定位轴肩；35—主动齿轮；36—光纤位移盘；361—光纤插拔孔；362—微动开关定位槽；37—微动开关装置；371—微动开关盘；3711—微动孔；372—微动开关元件；373—微动弹簧；374—限位滚珠；375—微动支杆。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明进行更详细的说明。本说明书及其附图中给出了本发明的较佳的实施例，但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本说明书所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。特别是，本发明所提到的方向用语，例如「上」、「下」、「前」、「后」、「左」、「右」、「内」、「外」、「侧面」等，仅是参考附图的方向，因此，使用的方向用语是用以说明及理解本发明，而非用以限制本发明。
实施例1
一种可更换式激光器，如图1-10所示，包括固定有激光器元件的机匣1以及用于卡接所述机匣1的机箱2；所述机匣1具备唯一的电学接口11和若干光学接口12与所述机箱2对接；所述机匣1可从所述机箱2内抽出，并替换成另一个含有发射不同波长激光的激光器元件的机匣。
具体地，所述机箱2包括用于容纳所述机匣1的第一容置空间21，卡接装置22，以及用于容纳所述卡接装置的第二容置空间23；所述机箱2的前面板设有用于将所述机匣1水平插入所述第一容置空间21的插入口211，所述机匣1通过插入口211进行拆卸更换；所述第二容置空间23设于所述第一容置21空间的下方且通过设于所述第一容置空间21下面板的卡接口212与所述第一容置空间21相贯通；由于本发明附图较多，为了统一辨识，「前」是指附图1-10中机匣插入机箱时的插入口所在位置，也就是所述机箱的前面板的位置为前，与其相对的所述机箱的后面板所在位置为后。具体见图10中的坐标系，其中X轴所指方向为前，Y轴所指方向为右，Z轴所指方向为上。
所述卡接装置22包括扣合组件221和按钮组件222，所述扣合组件221包括水平设置的扣合板2211和设于所述扣合板2211下方的弹性组件2212，所述扣合板2211的上 面板设有若干轴线向后倾斜的柱形凸起24，对应的所述机匣1的下面板设有若干与所述柱形凸起24形状相同的柱形通槽13；所述柱形凸起24与所述柱形通槽13内部分别设有相匹配的公母型电学接口。所述柱形凸起24在所述弹性组件2212的作用下向上穿过所述卡接口212卡入所述柱形通槽13为所述激光器元件供电并进行激光器元件的参数辅助调整；优选地，所述柱形凸起24的电学接口通过设于所述机箱2的电学输出接头29连接电源和/或激光器元件的参数调整控制装置，所述柱形通槽13内的电学接口11分别与激光器元件内部的电源接口和/或功率调整接口、波长调整接口、脉冲调整接口等参数控制接口直接连接；
具体地如图6-8所示，所述按钮组件222向后移动时，带动所述扣合板2211沿所述柱形凸起24的轴线方向斜向下移动，所述弹性组件2212从自然状态转换为储能状态，且所述柱形凸起24脱离所述柱形通槽13；进而使得所述机匣2脱离所述扣合板2211，方便从所述插入口211取出机匣1并放入带有不同波长激光器元件的另一个结构相同的机匣，也就是说只需进行机匣1的切换即可完成激光器元件的波长切换。将另一机匣装入所述第一容置空间21后，松开所述按钮组件222，所述按钮组件222向前复位，此时，所述弹性组件2212从储能状态转变为释能状态，所述扣合板2211在所述弹性组件2212弹力的作用下沿所述柱形凸起24的轴线方向斜向上移动至所述柱形凸起24卡入所述柱形通槽13，并为所述激光器元件供电和/或进行激光器元件参数调整控制装置。
本发明所述的可更换式激光器由统一外形、统一电学接口11和光学接口12的内部装有激光器元件的机匣1和用于卡接所述机匣1的机箱2构成。每个机匣1内部的激光器元件可以由半导体激光器、固体激光器、气体激光器或其他种类的激光器元件构成，激光的输出通过设于所述机箱2后部的同一光学接头25输出。激光器元件的供电及参数控制由机匣1和扣合板2211上带有倾斜角度的柱形凸起24与13内的电子接口实现；且带有倾斜角度的柱形凸起24与13能够实现机匣1与机箱2的精密定位。当更换不同波长的激光器元件时，只需要将所述机箱2内的机匣1从机箱2内抽出，替换成另一个含有发射不同波长激光的激光器元件的机匣1即可，将不同波长激光器元件的切换，替代为含有统一外形、统一光学接口和电学接口的机匣1的切换，大幅降低了医护人员进行激光波长切换的难度，提高了激光治疗仪器在医疗领域中的普及推广率。
实施例2
作为优选，本实施例与上述实施例不同地是，为了实现机匣1与机箱2之间光学接口和电学接口的精确对接，所述卡接装置22如图6-8所示，还包括卡接盒223，所述卡接盒223固定于所述第二容置空间23内，且所述弹性组件2212的下方固定于所述卡接盒223的底部，所述扣合板2211上下移动时不完全脱离所述卡接盒223；所述卡接盒223的左右两侧设有若干与所述柱形凸起24的轴线倾斜角度相同的倾斜导轨2231，对 应的所述扣合板2211的左右两侧设有倾斜导槽22111。或者优选地，所述第二容置空间23的左右两侧面上设有若干与所述柱形凸起24的轴线倾斜角度相同的倾斜导轨，对应的所述扣合板2211的左右两侧设有倾斜导槽，所述弹性组件2212的下方固定于所述第二容置空间23的底部，所述扣合板2211上下移动时不完全脱离所述倾斜导轨。
作为优选，如图6-8所示，所述按钮组件222包括设于所述第二容置空间23对应的机箱2前面板的释放按钮2221与设于所述释放按钮2221后方的框型连接件2222；所述释放按钮2221的后侧设有竖直条形槽孔2221a，所述扣合板2211的前侧设有倾斜条形槽孔22112，所述竖直条形槽2221a的槽孔与所述倾斜条形槽22112的槽孔的开孔方向垂直于所述机箱2的左右面板，且所述倾斜条形槽22112的条形槽孔倾斜方向垂直于所述柱形凸起24的轴线，所述框型连接件2222的上杆22221、下杆22222分别在所述倾斜条形槽22112和所述竖直条形槽2221a的槽孔中滑动，所述框型连接件2222的左杆22223和右杆22224分别水平铰接于所述卡接盒223的左右面板。所述释放按钮2221向后移动时，竖直条形槽2221a向后移动，带动所述框型连接件2222的下杆22222在竖直条形槽2221a中向斜后方转动，进而带动所述框型连接件2222的上杆22221在所述倾斜条形槽22112中向斜前方转动，同时所述倾斜条形槽22112的受力方向始终与所述柱形凸起24的倾斜方向相同，进而带动所述扣合板2211沿着所述柱形凸24起的倾斜方向上下平稳移动。
作为优选，所述卡接装置22还包括设于所述扣合板2211上部位于所述柱形凸起24前方的卡扣26，对应的所述机匣1的下面板设有卡槽14；当所述机匣1的后面板与所述机箱2的后面板对接时，所述卡扣26刚好卡入所述卡槽14，且所述柱形凸起24与对应的所述柱形通槽13内部的公母型电学接口相接通。防止机匣1在使用时脱出机箱2。
作为优选，所述机匣1的上后部还设有激光器元件的散热片15，优选地所述散热片15的中间位置开有上下贯通的散热片风冷入口151，对应所述散热片风冷入口151的位置，所述机箱2的上面板开有强制风冷入口27，所述机箱2的左面板和/或右面板开有强制风冷出口28。如图1和图5所示。所述散热片15为片状多层结构，外部的主动风冷机构通过强制风冷入口27进风，允许空气垂直及水平流动至强制风冷出口28进行进行散热片15的强制风力制冷。
且所述机匣1的前面板设有显示装置或警示灯18，在激光器元件连接就绪后提示连接完成；并在激光器元件进行工作出光时提示激光正在进行输出。
作为优选，所述光学接口12通过内凹的锥形空腔与激光器元件的激光出口配合，通过光纤插芯输出激光；所述电学接口11一端连接激光器单元的电学接口，另一端连接所述机箱的统一电学输入接头29。
作为优选，所述柱形凸起24阵列于所述扣合板2211的上表面，所述机匣1的下面 板阵列有对应的13。具体如图6-8所示，所述机匣1下面板阵列有18个双排的与水平面之间的夹角为45°的柱形通槽13，每个柱形通槽13内设有环形桶状的金属插芯，金属插芯的中心具有空腔结构，本实施例中空腔的直径为3mm，长度为5mm，容许所述柱形凸起24内部的针状插针插入。对应的所述扣合板的上板面阵列有18个双排的与水平面之间的夹角为45°的柱形凸起24，所述柱形凸起24内部设有与13内部结构相匹配的电学插针。在机匣1插入机箱2的第一容置空间21后，机匣1被卡接装置22锁定，通过按动释放按钮2221解脱锁定后，机匣1可从第一容置空间21中取出。
在机匣1未插入时，扣合板2211及柱形凸起24在弹簧组件2212作用下抬起。如图7所示，扣合板2211后板面为斜面，该斜面始终有一部分与所述卡接盒223的斜面接触，所述斜面的倾斜角度与所述柱形凸起24的轴线倾斜角度相同，机匣1插入时，按下释放按钮2221，压迫扣合板2211的斜面向下移动，同时柱形凸起24及其内部的电学插芯向下移动，使得机匣1能够插入；在插入到一定位置后，比如机匣1的后面板与机箱2的后面板相抵，或所述机匣1的后面板与设于所述机箱2的定位块相抵，松开释放按钮2221，如图8所示，扣合板2211弹起，柱形凸起24及其内部的电学插芯插入机匣的13及电学插芯内，实现电路的连通。同时，光学接口12进行配合实现光学连通。在弹性组件2212如弹簧弹力作用下，机匣1被施以向后的力量，压紧电学接口11及光学接口12，并在卡扣26的限制下，机匣1无法松动或被意外取出。
实施例3
作为优选，所述机箱2水平对应所述插入口211位置的后面板设有光学接头25，对应所述光学接头25的位置，所述机匣1设有配套的光学接口11。光学接口11内部通过光纤与机匣1内的激光输出口连接。使得不同机匣1具备统一的光学接口11和电学接口12，大幅降低了医护人员进行激光波长切换的难度，提高了激光治疗仪器在医疗领域中的普及推广率。
具体地，如图9所示，所述机匣1的光学接口12包括锥顶在前、轴线向后水平延伸的锥形空腔121，所述锥形空腔121的锥顶部分向前水平延伸设有与所述锥形空腔相贯通的小柱形空腔122，所述锥形空腔121的锥底部分向后水平延伸设有大柱形空腔123；所述小柱形空腔122的前侧直接连接或者通过光纤插芯124连接所述激光器元件的激光发出口；
对应的所述机箱2的后面板设有与之相匹配的光学接头25，也即为光纤连接器，如图2所示，所述光学接头25包括与所述锥形空腔121形状相同的锥形适配器251以及设于所述锥形适配器251内部的外接光纤251，所述外接光纤251的前端设有可以插接入所述小柱形空腔122的外接光纤插芯253，所述外接光纤插芯253位于所述锥形适配器251的前端，所述锥形适配器251后端向后延伸有与所述大柱形空腔形状123相同的 柱形适配器254，所述柱形适配器254可延伸至与所述机箱2后板面相平齐。
所述光纤插芯124的顶部具有一个透镜，所述透镜为凸透镜125或双凸透镜或折射率渐变透镜，所述光学接口12与所述光学接头25对接时、所述外接光纤插芯253的光纤前端面与所述透镜的距离与所述透镜的焦距相等，或为其一半或为其整数倍；将光纤出射的发散光准直。本实施例中的光纤芯径为400um，光纤插芯124直径为3mm，透镜为凸透镜125。所述小柱形空腔122允许外接光纤插芯253插入。
激光器元件的光纤插芯124将激光准直输出后，耦合入机箱2的外接光纤插芯253，通过外接光纤252输出。激光器元件的光纤插芯124顶端与机箱2的外接光纤插芯253顶端具有一空隙，防止光纤插芯124与外接光纤插芯253顶端由于外力碰撞磨损损坏，此空隙尺寸可为10um-1000um，本例中此空隙为500um。
作为优选，所述锥形空腔121的锥角为45°。锥角为45度的锥形适配器251及锥形空腔121的设置，配合大柱形空腔123及254柱形适配器的机械结构，使得激光器元件的光纤插芯124与外接光纤插芯253能够精密对接。
作为优选，机匣1在未装入机箱2时，如图1-3所示。所述第一容置空间21的形状与所述机匣1的形状相同；所述机匣1的左右面板设有水平定位凹槽16，对应的所述第一容置空间21左右面板设有水平定位凸起213。
优选地，所述机匣1左右面板靠前的部位设有防滑沟槽结构17，对应所述防滑沟槽结构17，所述插入口211还包括开于所述机箱2左右面板前方的机匣插拔凹槽2111，方便使用者通过手将所述机匣1从机箱2取出。
实施例4
一种可更换式激光器阵列，包括至少两个上述的可更换式激光器，每个所述可更换式激光器机箱的左右侧面分别设有水平阵列导槽与水平阵列导轨。通过水平阵列导槽与水平阵列导轨进行多个可更换式激光器的并列卡接安装，实现可更换式激光器阵列的简单拆卸和更换。此时作为优选方案，所述机箱2对应所述散热片的后面板上也开有强制风冷出口28。
这些多个外形和输出接口保持统一，机箱2上具有统一光学接头25和电学接头的多个可更换式激光器组成可更换式激光器阵列，机箱2上的光纤接头25直接或间接连接外部光纤，可输出多种波长激光并通过多根光纤输出到不同的使用器具如光动力治疗仪或输出到专用的波长切换器3。具体如图10所示，图中机箱2数量为4个，机匣1数量为2个。按照上述方式，本可更换式激光器阵列可实现机匣2(激光器元件)的快捷、方便的拆装，更换激光器单元可更换不同输出波长。例如，假如目前只有630nm和664nm两个发射波长的激光器元件的机匣，在治疗过程中临时需要采用Foscan光敏剂用于治疗(治疗波长为652nm)，只需购买652nm发射波长的机匣1插入空置的机箱中即 可使用。
可更换式激光器阵列的每个可更换式激光器的电学接口均可连接光动力治疗仪的供电和控制系统，由光动力治疗仪进行统一供电和控制。可更换式激光器阵列输出的光学接口连接外接光纤，本例中4个机箱阵列连接4根外接光纤。这些外接光纤可直接与波长切换器相连接，实现波长的选择输出；也可分别连接不同的光动力治疗仪。
波长切换器可有多种方式实现，例如通过多合一的光纤耦合器耦合至一根光纤输出，控制激光器阵列的输出波长实现波长选择；或通过波分复用器(WDM)实现多个波长的复用和选择。还可用机械运动方式控制多根光纤与一根或几根光纤的耦合和切换。
实施例5
可更换式激光器与波长切换器的机械式光纤耦合和切换的原理如图18所示。通过与多根输入光纤相连的多个光纤插拔器；与光纤输出接口的相对位置变化，当某根输入光纤与光纤输出接口的位置对准时，输出该光纤内的激光，实现切换不同波长输出的效果。
要保证光纤耦合的效率，需要光纤插拔器与光纤输出接口具有精密的对准效果。为实现这一效果，需要将单纯的位移运动控制优化为位移-插入-拔出-位移的循环运动，或者通过机械自动运动模拟手动插入光纤接口的动作。为实现这一复杂的运动效果，本发明采用如下方案：
所述波长切换器3，如图11-19所示，包括与所述可更换式激光器阵列若干可更换式激光器的光学接头25相连(直接相连或间接相连)的若干光纤输入接口31和一个光纤输出接口32，还包括底座33和若干光纤插拔器34；所述底座33包括底盘331以及沿底盘331的中心向上延伸的不动轴332，所述不动轴332自下而上固定有以所述不动轴332的轴线为旋转轴的主动齿轮35和光纤位移盘36；所述底座33不能够旋转和移动，是整个波长切换器3与其他外围设备固定的中心；优选地，所述主动齿轮35和/或光纤位移盘36与所述不动轴332之间设有轴承。
所述光纤插拔器34包括光纤插杆341、设于所述光纤插杆341外围的与所述主动齿轮35相啮合的从动齿轮342；所述光纤插杆342的轴线位置设有光纤，所述光纤插杆342的光纤一端连接所述光纤输入接口31、另一端连接所述光纤输出接口32，反之亦可；
作为优选，所述光纤插拔器34均匀或中心对称设于所述光纤位移盘36位于所述主动齿轮35径向外围的位置，且与所述光纤插拔器34竖直对应的所述底盘331上设有若干用于螺旋连接所述光纤输出接口32的输出孔3311；对应的所述光纤输出接口32设有与所述输出孔3311相螺接的外螺纹；
所述光纤位移盘36上位于所述主动齿轮35径向外围的位置设有用于定位所述光纤插拔器34的光纤插拔孔361；
所述光纤插杆341位于所述底盘331上方时，所述光纤位移盘36在所述主动齿轮35、从动齿轮342的带动下转动，带动所述光纤插拔器34绕所述不动轴332的轴线转动；所述光纤插杆341绕所述不动轴332的轴线转动至所述输出孔3311上方时，所述光纤插杆341在所述主动齿轮35、从动齿轮342的带动下沿所述光纤插拔孔361上下运动从所述输出孔3311拔出或插入所述光纤输出接口32。
采用一个大的主动齿轮35和一个小的从动齿轮342构成主要传动结构，光纤插拔器34设于所述小从动齿轮342中心位置。当从动齿轮342的中心轴位置固定不动时，主动齿轮35转动带动从动齿轮342转动，从动齿轮342转动带动光纤插杆341上下运动，完成光纤插杆341的插入—拔出动作；当从动齿轮342的中心轴可以移动，即所述光纤插杆341完全位于所述底盘331上方时，从动齿轮35与所述光纤插拔器34锁死，二者不能够围绕自己的轴心转动，从动齿轮342在主动齿轮35的带动下沿主动齿轮35带动光纤位移盘36做旋转运动，实现光纤插拔器34的转动平移动作。
作为优选，如图16-17所示，所述波长切换器3还包括设于所述光纤位移盘36上方的微动开关装置37，所述微动开关装置37包括微动开关盘371、若干微动开关元件372、微动弹簧373、限位滚珠374和微动支杆375；所述微动开关盘371上设有微动孔3711；微动弹簧373、限位滚珠374和微动支杆375设于所述微动孔3711内，且所述微动弹簧373套接于所述微动支杆375，所述微动支杆375一端与所述微动开关元件372触发装置相抵，另一端与所述限位滚珠374相抵；所述光纤位移盘36上设有与所述光纤插拔器34设置角度相同的微动开关定位槽362，所述光纤位移盘36转动时，所述限位滚珠374从当前微动开关定位槽362移入相邻的微动开关定位槽，同时所述光纤插拔器34从当前输出孔3311上方移入相邻输出孔上方。具体地，所述光纤插拔孔361中心对称设于所述光纤位移盘36，在所述光纤插拔孔361所在的所述光纤位移盘36的径向上，均设有对应的微动开关定位槽362，以保证光纤插拔器34可在所述光纤位移盘36旋转时，准确定位至所述输出孔3311的上方。
此结构主要有两个功能：1.当光纤插拔器34对准底盘331上的光纤输出接口32且完全位于所述底盘331上方时，限位滚珠374在微动弹簧373的驱动下滚入光纤位移盘36上表面的微动开关定位槽362中后，光纤位移盘36的转动阻力增加而不能够转动，主动齿轮35的旋转使得光纤插拔器34沿自身轴心旋转，促动光纤插杆341向下运动，直至插入底盘331上的光纤输出接口32；2.主动齿轮35反向转动，带动光纤插拔器34脱离光纤输出接口32并回缩至最上极限位置后，从动齿轮342旋转阻力增大，限位滚珠374被迫脱离光纤位移盘36上表面的微动开关定位槽362，主动齿轮35带动光纤插拔器34位移至下一个光纤输出接口上方。
限位滚珠374通过微动支杆375和微动弹簧373与微动开关元件372的触发装置连 接。当限位滚珠374脱离光纤位移盘36上的微动开关定位槽362后，其位置升高，触动微动开关元件372打开；当限位滚珠374进入光纤位移盘36上的微动开关定位槽362后，其位置降低，微动开关元件372关闭。根据微动开关元件372的信号可判断限位滚珠374是否在微动开关定位槽362内，进行主动齿轮35转动方向的控制。
上述波长切换器3使用主动齿轮353即可实现多个激光波长的光纤输入、一个激光波长的输出的耦合切换输出，在输入及输出光纤接口增多时，仅需安装更多的光纤插拔器34和耦出光纤接头即可。避免了在光纤接口增多时，使用多个转动及位移控制装置带来的控制复杂性及耦合精度的降低。上述波长切换器3的输出耦合不仅可采用一根光纤输出，还可采用两根或多跟光纤输出，其原理与一根光纤相似。
作为优选，所述从动齿轮342通过丝杠螺母副3421与所述光纤插杆341相连；在所述光纤插杆341上，所述光纤插杆341的上部设有与所述光纤插拔孔361的定位凸起相匹配的竖直定位槽3411，竖直定位槽3411与光纤插拔孔361中的定位凸起相锁定，使得光纤插杆341相对于光纤位移盘36不进行旋转。所述光纤插杆341上位于所述竖直定位槽3411的下方设有与所述从动齿轮342的丝杠内螺纹相匹配的丝杠外螺纹，当所述从动齿轮342转动时，通过丝杠螺母副3421推动所述光纤插杆341上下移动；
作为优选，所述从动齿轮342与所述光纤插杆341之间设有光纤插杆轴承3422，所述光纤插杆轴承3422至少由2个能够承受轴向相反作用力的轴承组成。本实施例中，所述光纤插杆轴承3422有3个，保证平稳旋转、上下移动平稳。
所述主动齿轮35可设于所述底盘33与所述光纤位移盘36之间、或之上或之下，位置根据需要灵活调整。
作为优选，所述丝杠外螺纹的下部设有弹簧343及弹簧定位轴肩344；作为优选，所述弹簧定位轴肩344下方为与所述光纤输出接口32相连的光纤插芯；
弹簧343及弹簧定位轴肩344使得光纤插杆341在插入光纤输出接口32时具有弹性，避免光纤插芯头部损坏；同时在插入后具有向下的压力，使光纤插芯间的耦合足够紧密而不松脱。
作为优选，所述从动齿轮342的丝杠内螺纹长于所述光纤插杆341的丝杠外螺纹，且所述丝杠外螺纹的顶部与所述丝杠内螺纹的顶部相抵时，和/或所述竖直定位槽3411的底部与所述光纤插拔孔361定位凸起的底部相抵时，所述光纤插杆341的底部至少完全位于所述331底盘的上方，使得光纤插杆341在主动和传动齿轮带动下脱离光纤输出接口32回缩时，如回缩到如图13所示的极限位置，丝杠外螺纹达到丝杠内螺纹的上方尽头，和/或所述光纤插拔孔361定位凸起达到所述光纤插杆341上的竖直定位槽3411的底部，从而从动齿轮342将不能沿自身轴心旋转，而在主动齿轮35的作用下带动光纤位移盘36旋转。所述光纤插杆341的极限位置由丝杠外螺纹达到丝杠内螺纹的上方 尽头，和/或所述光纤插拔孔361定位凸起达到所述光纤插杆341上的竖直定位槽3411的底部来限定。所述光纤插杆341与所述光纤输出接口32的对接位置，由所述主动齿轮35反向移动的圈数来实现精准定位。
其流程逻辑图如图19所示：
开始状态之前，光纤插杆341完全位于所述底盘的上方，且丝杠外螺纹达到丝杠内螺纹的上方尽头和/或所述光纤插拔孔361定位凸起达到所述光纤插杆341上的竖直定位槽3411的底部，所述光纤插杆341被定位到极限位置(即所述光纤插杆341拔出到上方的极限位置)；所述限位滚珠374位于微动开关定位槽362中。
第一阶段，所述光纤位移盘36转动带动光纤插拔器34从当前光纤输出接口32移至下一个光纤输出接口，具体为：控制所述主动齿轮35正向转动，带动所述光纤位移盘36转动，进而所述限位滚珠374从微动开关定位槽362中移出，微动开关元件374打开。所述限位滚珠374在所述光纤位移盘36转动下卡入至所述光纤位移盘36的下一个微动开关定位槽，所述微动开关元件374关闭；所述微动开关的启闭动作控制所述主动齿轮35开始反向转动。
第二阶段，所述光纤插拔器34的光纤插杆341向下移动与光纤输出接口32对接，具体为：所述主动齿轮35开始反向转动；所述主动齿轮35反向转动一定圈数，带动所述光纤插杆341向下移动到所述光纤输出接口32并激光耦合输出至光动力治疗仪，进行光动力治疗。
第三阶段，所述光纤插拔器34的光纤插杆341向上移动至极限位置，具体为：当治疗完毕后，控制所述主动齿轮35正向转动，所述光纤插杆341向上移动逐渐移出光纤输出接口32，最终移动到上述的开始状态之前的位置，完成一个使用周期。
其中控制主动齿轮正向转动可由设于所述波长切换器33的控制系统控制，也可由所述光动力治疗仪控制，具体设置方式为在所述波长切换器33的控制系统操纵界面或光动力治疗仪控制界面上设置启动开关。所述主动齿轮从正向转动转换为反向转动在微动开关装置37的一次完整的启闭动作控制。
微动开关定位槽微动开关定位槽微动开关定位槽微动开关定位槽微动开关定位槽微动开关定位槽微动开关定位槽微动开关定位槽。
应当指出，以上所述具体实施方式可以使本领域的技术人员更全面地理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明。因此，尽管本说明书参照附图和实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明，但是，本领域技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，总之，一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改变，其均应涵盖在本发明专利的保护范围当中。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种可更换式激光器，其特征在于，包括固定有激光器元件的机匣以及用于卡接所述机匣的机箱；所述机匣具备唯一的光学接口和若干电学接口与所述机箱对接；
    所述机箱包括用于容纳所述机匣的第一容置空间、卡接装置以及用于容纳所述卡接装置的第二容置空间；
    所述机箱的前面板设有用于将所述机匣水平插入所述第一容置空间的插入口；
    所述第二容置空间设于所述第一容置空间的下方且通过设于所述第一容置空间下面板的卡接口与所述第一容置空间相贯通；
    所述卡接装置包括扣合组件和按钮组件，所述扣合组件包括水平设置的扣合板和设于所述扣合板下方的弹性组件，
    所述扣合板的上面板设有若干轴线向后倾斜的柱形凸起，对应的所述机匣的下面板设有若干与所述柱形凸起形状相同的柱形通槽；所述柱形凸起与所述柱形通槽内部分别设有公母型电学接口，所述柱形凸起在所述弹性组件的作用下向上穿过所述卡接口卡入所述柱形通槽为所述激光器元件供电；
    所述按钮组件向后移动时，带动所述扣合板沿所述柱形凸起的轴线方向斜向下移动至所述柱形凸起脱离所述柱形通槽；
    所述按钮组件向前复位时，所述扣合板在所述弹性组件的作用下沿所述柱形凸起的轴线方向斜向上移动至所述柱形凸起卡入所述柱形通槽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述机箱水平对应所述插入口位置的后面板设有光学接口，对应所述光学接口的位置，所述机匣设有配套的光学接头。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述卡接装置还包括卡接盒，所述卡接盒固定于所述第二容置空间，且所述弹性组件的下方固定于所述卡接盒的底部，所述扣合板上下移动时不完全脱离所述卡接盒；所述卡接盒的左右两侧设有若干与所述柱形凸起的轴线倾斜角度相同的倾斜导轨，对应的所述扣合板的左右两侧设有倾斜导槽。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述按钮组件包括设于所述第二容置空间对应的机箱的前面板的释放按钮与设于所述释放按钮后方的框型连接件；所述释放按钮的后侧设有竖直条形槽孔，所述扣合板的前侧设有倾斜条形槽孔，所述竖直条形槽孔与所述倾斜条形槽孔的开孔方向垂直于所述机箱的左右面板，且所述倾斜条形槽的条形倾斜方向垂直于所述柱形凸起的轴线；所述框型连接件的上杆、下杆分别在所述倾斜条形槽和所述竖直条形槽中滑动，所述框型连接件的左杆和右杆分别水平铰接于所述卡接盒的左右面板。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4之一所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述扣合板还包 括设于所述扣合板上部位于所述柱形凸起前方的卡扣，对应的所述机匣的下面板设有卡槽；当所述机匣的后面板与所述机箱的后面板对接时，所述卡扣刚好卡入所述卡槽，且所述柱形凸起与对应的所述柱形通槽内部的公母型电学接口相接通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述第一容置空间的形状与所述机匣的形状相同；所述机匣的左右面板设有水平的定位凹槽，对应的所述第一容置空间左右面板设有水平定位凸起，和/或所述机匣左右面板靠前的部位设有防滑沟槽结构，对应所述防滑沟槽结构，所述插入口还包括开于所述机箱左右面板前方的机匣插拔凹槽。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述机匣的上后部还设有散热片，对应所述散热片的位置，所述机箱的上面板开有强制风冷入口，所述机箱的左面板和/或右面板开有强制风冷出口。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述柱形凸起阵列于所述扣合板的上表面，所述机匣的下面板阵列有对应的。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述光学接口包括锥顶在前、轴线向后水平延伸的锥形空腔，所述锥形空腔的锥顶部分向前水平延伸设有与所述锥形空腔相贯通的小柱形空腔，所述锥形空腔的锥底部分向后水平延伸设有大柱形空腔；所述小柱形空腔的前侧直接连接或者通过光纤插芯连接所述激光器元件的激光发出口；所述光学接头包括与所述锥形空腔形状相同的锥形适配器以及设于所述锥形适配器轴线位置的外接光纤，所述外接光纤的前端设有可以插接入所述小柱形空腔的外接光纤插芯，所述外接光纤插芯位于所述锥形适配器的前端，所述锥形适配器后端向后延伸有与所述大柱形空腔形状相同的柱形适配器，所述柱形适配器延伸至所述机箱的后板面并与所述机箱的后板面相齐平。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述光纤插芯的顶部设有透镜，所述光学接口与所述光学接头对接时、所述外接光纤插芯的光纤前端面与所述透镜的距离所述透镜的焦距相等。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述透镜为凸透镜或双凸透镜或折射率渐变透镜。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11之一所述的可更换式激光器，其特征在于，所述锥形空腔的锥角为45°。
  13. 一种可更换式激光器阵列，其特征在于，包括至少两个权利要求1-12之一所述的可更换式激光器，每个所述可更换式激光器机箱的左右侧面分别设有水平阵列导槽与水平阵列导轨。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的可更换式激光器阵列，其特征在于，还包括波长切换 器，所述波长切换器包括与所述可更换式激光器阵列若干可更换式激光器的光学接口相连的若干光纤输入接口和一个光纤输出接口，还包括底座和若干连接不同波长激光器的光纤插拔器；所述底座包括底盘以及沿底盘的中心向上延伸的不动轴，所述不动轴自下而上固定有与之轴线相重合的主动齿轮和光纤位移盘；所述光纤插拔器包括光纤插杆、设于所述光纤插杆外围的与所述主动齿轮相啮合的从动齿轮组件；所述光纤插杆一端连接所述光纤输入接口、另一端活动连接所述光纤输出接口；
    所述光纤位移盘位于所述主动齿轮径向外围的位置中心对称设有用于套接所述光纤插杆的光纤插拔孔，且与所述光纤插拔孔竖直对应的所述底盘上设有若干用于螺旋连接所述光纤输出接口的输出孔；
    所述光纤插杆位于所述底盘上方时，所述光纤位移盘在所述主、从传动齿轮的带动下转动；所述光纤插杆转动至所述输出孔上方时，若干所述光纤插杆在所述主、从传动齿轮的带动下沿所述光纤插拔孔上下运动从所述输出孔拔出或插入所述光纤输出接口。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的可更换式激光器阵列，其特征在于，所述波长切换器还包括设于所述光纤位移盘上方的微动开关装置，所述微动开关装置包括微动开关盘与若干微动开关元件；所述光纤位移盘上设有与所述光纤插拔器设置角度相同的微动开关定位槽，所述光纤位移盘转动时，所述微动开关元件的触发装置从当前微动开关定位槽移入相邻的微动开关定位槽，同时所述光纤插拔器从当前输出孔上方移入相邻输出孔上方。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的可更换式激光器阵列，其特征在于，所述光纤插拔器的从动齿轮通过轴承座及其轴承连接于所述光纤位移盘；所述从动齿轮通过丝杠螺母副与所述光纤插杆相连。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的可更换式激光器阵列，其特征在于，在所述光纤插杆上，所述光纤插杆的上部设有与设于所述光纤插拔孔的定位凸起相匹配的竖直定位槽，所述竖直定位槽的上部设有与所述从动齿轮的丝杠内螺纹相匹配的丝杠外螺纹。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的可更换式激光器阵列，其特征在于，所述丝杠外螺纹的上部设有弹簧及弹簧定位轴肩；所述弹簧定位轴肩上部为与所述光纤输出接头相连的光纤插芯。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的可更换式激光器阵列，其特征在于，所述从动齿轮的丝杠内螺纹长度长于所述光纤插杆的丝杠外螺纹长度，且所述丝杠内螺纹只能在丝杠外螺纹内部螺旋连接；所述所述丝杠外螺纹的端部设有用于阻止所述丝杠内螺纹螺出的螺止结构，且所述丝杠外螺纹的顶部与所述丝杠内螺纹的顶部相抵时，和/或所述竖直定位槽的底部与所述定位凸起的底部向抵时，所述光纤插杆的底部至少位于所述底盘的上方。
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