WO2021022740A1 - 一种基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021022740A1
WO2021022740A1 PCT/CN2019/122833 CN2019122833W WO2021022740A1 WO 2021022740 A1 WO2021022740 A1 WO 2021022740A1 CN 2019122833 W CN2019122833 W CN 2019122833W WO 2021022740 A1 WO2021022740 A1 WO 2021022740A1
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information
module
traceability
logistics
nfc chip
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PCT/CN2019/122833
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English (en)
French (fr)
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汪洋
马强
柴荔
邹悦宁
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南京中诚区块链研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2021022740A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021022740A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G06Q10/083—Shipping
    • G06Q10/0833—Tracking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/12—Applying verification of the received information
    • H04L63/126—Applying verification of the received information the source of the received data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of blockchain technology, in particular to a port logistics traceability system and method based on blockchain technology.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a port logistics traceability system and method based on block chain technology to solve the huge amount of data in the logistics industry proposed in the background technology, and the logistics information procedures are cumbersome, and the traceability information in the logistics industry is extremely It is easy to lose and it is difficult to trace the traceability information of logistics.
  • the present invention provides a port logistics traceability system based on blockchain technology, including a blockchain, an NFC chip and a code scanner.
  • the NFC chip is embedded in the outer wall of the logistics container.
  • the NFC chip is used to store logistics traceability information
  • the NFC chip includes a read-write module, a product's own information module, a product delivery information module, and a product trace information module
  • the read-write module is used to write to the NFC chip
  • Incoming logistics traceability information and output logistics traceability information through the NFC chip the product's own information module is used to store the traceability information of logistics product data
  • the product delivery information module is used to store the delivery traceability information of the logistics product
  • the product has traces
  • the information module is used to store product traceability information query records.
  • the read-write module includes a write-in information module and a read-out information module.
  • the write-in information module is used to write traceability information of logistics into the NFC chip, and the read-out information module is used to output the written information. Logistics traceability information.
  • the code scanner includes a power supply module, an information processing module, a communication module, and a data transmission module.
  • the power supply module is used to provide a suitable working power source for the work of the code scanner, and the information processing module is used to control the NFC chip.
  • the traceability information stored inside is analyzed, the communication module is used to transmit the analyzed traceability information, and the data sending module is used to upload the analyzed traceability information.
  • the information processing module includes a decoding module and a verification module
  • the decoding module is used to decode the NFC chip and read the traceability information inside the NFC chip
  • the verification module is used to verify whether the output data and the received data are consistent .
  • a communication module is also provided in the data sending module, which is used to directly generate the information recognized by the scanner into the PC.
  • the blockchain includes an interface module, a data acquisition module, an information storage module, an information display module, and a database.
  • the interface module is used to connect peripherals to the blockchain, and the data acquisition module is used to The physical traceability information is collected, the information storage module is used to save the collected physical traceability information, the information display module is used to display the collected physical traceability information, and the database is used to store the physical traceability information.
  • the interface module includes a URL module, a WebService module, and a PC-side interface module
  • the URL module is used to obtain physical traceability data resource locations from the Internet
  • the WebService module is used to develop distributed interoperable applications Program
  • the PC terminal interface module is used to connect to the PC terminal to obtain data.
  • the database includes an information classification module, an information import module, an information comparison module, and an information export module.
  • the information classification module is used to classify and store physical traceability information
  • the information import module is used to import barcode scanner identification.
  • the information comparison module is used to compare the imported logistics traceability information with the physical traceability information stored in the database
  • the information export module is used to export the logistics traceability information comparison result.
  • the present invention also provides a port logistics traceability method based on blockchain technology, including the port logistics traceability system based on blockchain technology described in any one of the above, and its operation steps are as follows:
  • Identify the NFC chip information Identify the traceability information inside the NFC chip through the decoding module of the scanner, and ensure the accuracy of the traceability information sent through the verification module;
  • Traceability information comparison Import the internal logistics traceability information of the NFC chip identified by the code scanner through the information import module, compare the imported logistics traceability information with the physical traceability information stored in the database, and export the logistics traceability information comparison through the information export module result.
  • the traceability information of logistics is recorded by setting the NFC chip, and the NFC chip is not easy to be damaged, and the traceability information of the logistics can be permanently recorded, and the NFC chip can be read and written , Able to record and query logistics at any time to ensure the integrity of logistics information records.
  • the traceability information stored in the NFC chip is scanned and read through a code scanner, which is convenient for real-time query of traceability information.
  • the logistics traceability information is recorded based on the blockchain to prevent the loss of logistics traceability information and facilitate the query of logistics traceability information.
  • the database logistics traceability information is stored, and the scanned logistics traceability information can be compared with the information stored in the database to realize the feedback of traceability logistics information.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the NFC chip mounting structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of the internal modules of the NFC chip of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the read-write module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of the internal modules of the code scanner of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the information processing module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the data sending module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the internal block chain of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the interface module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the internal modules of the database of the present invention.
  • FIG 11 is a working principle diagram of the communication module of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a working principle diagram of the data sending module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a working principle diagram of the power supply module of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a working principle diagram of the communication module of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a port logistics traceability system based on block chain technology, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, including block chain, NFC chip and code scanner, NFC chip is embedded in the outer wall of the logistics container door , NFC chip is used to store logistics traceability information, NFC chip includes a read-write module, product information module, product factory information module and product trace information module, the read-write module is used to write logistics traceability information into the NFC chip and pass NFC
  • the chip outputs logistics traceability information, the product's own information module is used to store the traceability information of logistics product data, the product delivery information module is used to store the logistics product traceability information, and the product trace information module is used to store product traceability information query records.
  • the read-write device requests to write the product's own information module area
  • the IC determines that the product's own information module area is writable
  • the data is written into the product's own information module area.
  • Hash the product's own information module
  • the information in the product's own information module area includes the product's identity information, timestamp information, signature and summary information, public key interface and blockchain address, etc. These are defined by the manufacturer, and each identity information is unique.
  • the information in the product's own information module area cannot be read directly, and must be read by IC.
  • the IC returns the Hash (product's own information module) to the read-write device.
  • the product's own information module area supports writing once and reading many times.
  • the read-write device requires writing to the product delivery information module area
  • the IC determines that the product delivery information module area is writable
  • the data is written into the product delivery information module area; when reading the product delivery information module area , IC returns the product factory information module to the read-write device.
  • the factory information module area of the product supports writing once and reading many times.
  • the information of the product factory information module is mainly displayed to the inquiring user, including product information, time information, signature and summary information, etc.
  • the read-write device requests to write the product trace information module area
  • the IC determines that the product trace information module area is writable
  • the data is written into the product trace information module area.
  • the Hash product trace information module
  • the information in the product trace information module area is the trace information when the product is queried, which is defined by the manufacturer. It is only necessary to ensure that the trace information is unique each time the product is queried.
  • the information in the product trace information module area cannot be read directly and must be read by IC.
  • the Hash product trace information module
  • the product trace information module area can support multiple reads and writes.
  • the reading and writing module includes a writing information module and a reading information module.
  • the writing information module is used to write logistics traceability information into the NFC chip, and the reading information module is used to output the written logistics traceability information.
  • the scan The encoder includes a power module, an information processing module, a communication module, and a data sending module.
  • the power module is used to provide a suitable working power source for the scanner to work.
  • the information processing module is used to analyze the traceability information stored in the NFC chip.
  • the communication module Used to transmit the analyzed traceability information, and the data sending module is used to upload the analyzed traceability information.
  • the power module is shown in FIG. 13, in the figure, B1 is a 9V battery or a lithium battery, which can be repeatedly charged.
  • C1, C2, C3, and C4 are all filter capacitors, which play the role of primary and secondary filtering.
  • D1 and D2 are Zener diodes, which stabilize the voltage at the output terminal at an ideal level.
  • the chip 7805 is a three-terminal stabilized integrated circuit chip with a positive voltage output. There are protection circuits such as overcurrent, overheating and regulator tube inside the circuit. The ultimate goal is to convert the 9V power supply into a stable 5V output to supply power for subsequent equipment.
  • the information processing module is based on the NRF24L01 chip communication module design.
  • the NRF24L01 chip communication module circuit core device NRF24L01 works with network crystal oscillators, decoupling capacitors, and polarizing resistors to construct a stable radio frequency communication module.
  • the chip is a patch structure and the module takes up space. Less, as shown in Figure 11.
  • the data sending module uses the microcontroller AT89C51 as the control chip to simulate the interface timing of the NRF24L01 main communication module and process the data transmission.
  • the information processing module includes a decoding module and a verification module.
  • the decoding module is used to decode the NFC chip and read the internal traceability information of the NFC chip
  • the verification module is used to verify whether the output data and the received data are consistent.
  • the decoding module includes three parts, namely start bit, data bit and end bit.
  • This embodiment decodes based on the counting method.
  • the clock used in decoding is the clock signal generated by the oscillator because the clock extraction circuit
  • the extracted RF clock signal does not have a clock when there is a groove
  • the data communication rate is 106Kps
  • the RF clock is 13.56MHz, that is, there are 128 RF clock cycles in a bit duration, because it is used in decoding Is the oscillator clock, so there needs to be a sub-module in this module to record how many clock rising edges the oscillator clock has when there are 128 rising edges of the radio frequency clock, and record its value as NUM.
  • the module has a frame preamble sequence detection sub-module, which is a falling edge detection module, which detects the arrival of the signal through the falling edge of the signal. Once the arrival of the signal is detected, the decoding circuit will be activated through the control signal.
  • the received data is sampled on the rising edge of the oscillator clock. When the sampled value is 1, the counter value COUNT is increased by 1. Once the sampled data bit is 0, the counting stops, and the value of COUNT is compared with the previous value. In the case of the sequence, judge the received sequence and clear the COUNT value to achieve the purpose of decoding.
  • the ISO/IEC1443-A protocol stipulates that the end of communication is represented by a logic "0" followed by a sequence Y, but during decoding, the end of the frame can be judged when the value of COUNT exceeds 2*NUM, and decoding is stopped.
  • the verification module includes an odd check module and a CRC check module.
  • the odd check method refers to adding an odd check bit after every 8 data bits, so that the number of "1"s in the entire data group (including the odd check code) is an odd number. Therefore, the method of generating the odd-check code is also very simple, as long as the input data bits are XORed bit by bit, the result is the odd-check code of the data group. Considering that when performing odd check, you can first calculate the odd check code of the received 8-bit byte data, and then compare it with the received odd check code during command parsing. Equality means that the transmission is correct, and vice versa. It means that the transmission is wrong. There is also a communication module in the data sending module, which is used to directly generate the information recognized by the scanner into the PC.
  • CRC check uses linear coding theory.
  • the sender and receiver agree on a generator polynomial G(X) in advance, and the sender will use the original K-bit binary sequence to be transmitted as the coefficient of a polynomial B(X). , Divide B(X) by G(X) to obtain the quotient polynomial Q(X) and the remainder polynomial R(X), where the coefficient of R(X) is the supervisory code for R-bit verification.
  • the sender attaches the CRC code to the original data when sending the data, and sends the K+R bit sequence.
  • the receiver After the data link sends the sequence to the receiver, the receiver also regards it as a sequence of coefficients of a polynomial, and divides the polynomial with the same generator polynomial. If the remainder is zero, there is no error in the transmission; otherwise, there is an error in the transmission.
  • the left side of the single-chip microcomputer is a max232 chip, and its function is Match the 232 level in the PC with the TTL level of the microcontroller, and the 9-pin female connector on the far left side can be connected to the computer com port to communicate with the computer when in use.
  • a radio frequency communication module is connected to the right side of the single-chip microcomputer. Since this single-chip microcomputer also has no SPI interface, it is necessary to simulate the SPI interface with ordinary interface software, and its programming must strictly follow the communication logic timing of the SPI port.
  • the present invention in order to facilitate the processing of the identified information, also provides a blockchain.
  • the blockchain includes an interface module , Data acquisition module, information storage module, information display module and database.
  • the interface module is used to realize the connection between peripherals and the blockchain.
  • the data acquisition module is used to collect physical traceability information.
  • the information storage module is used to collect physical The traceability information is saved, the information display module is used to display the collected physical traceability information, and the database is used to store the physical traceability information.
  • the blockchain is composed of data blocks processed by mathematical methods.
  • Each data block contains the hash value of the previous data block, from the latest data block to the first one.
  • Data blocks are arranged in a block chain structure.
  • Each data block contains the root hash value of the current data block, the root hash value of the previous data block, a time stamp, data records, and other information.
  • the block root hash value is actually the hash value of the root node of the data record tree, which is calculated step by step through a secure hash algorithm from the top to the bottom of the data record tree.
  • the timestamp is the generation time of the data block.
  • Other information includes block signature information, random value and other information, which can be flexibly defined according to specific application scenarios.
  • Data records are usually organized in a tree-like logical structure in the storage process, such as Merkel trees.
  • the database is constructed based on MySql, SqlServer2008 and Oracle, and big data analysis is implemented based on decision trees, neural networks, K-MEANS clustering, support vector machines, and multiple linear regression algorithms.
  • Each non-leaf node is marked-a split attribute A i ;
  • Each branch is marked-a split predicate, which is the specific basis for splitting the parent node
  • Each leaf node is marked with a class label C j ⁇ C.
  • neural network algorithm is as follows:
  • K-MEANS clustering algorithm clustering around k points in the space, and classifying the objects closest to them. Through the iterative method, the value of each cluster center is updated successively until the best clustering result is obtained. The steps are as follows:
  • R is an upper triangular matrix of elementary transformation
  • P 1 (t 1, e 2, ..., e n)
  • the interface module includes a URL module, a WebService module, and a PC-side interface module.
  • the URL module is used to obtain physical traceability data resource locations from the Internet.
  • the WebService module is used to develop distributed interoperable applications.
  • the PC-side interface module Used to connect to the PC to obtain data.
  • the database includes an information classification module, an information import module, an information comparison module, and an information export module.
  • the information classification module is used to classify and store the physical traceability information
  • the information import module is used to import the NFC chip internal logistics traceability information identified by the scanner
  • the information comparison module is used to compare the imported logistics traceability information with the physical traceability information stored in the database
  • the information export module is used to export the logistics traceability information comparison results.
  • the present invention also provides a port logistics traceability method based on blockchain technology, including any one of the above-mentioned port logistics traceability systems based on blockchain technology, and the operation steps are as follows:
  • Identify the NFC chip information Identify the traceability information inside the NFC chip through the decoding module of the scanner, and ensure the accuracy of the traceability information sent through the verification module;
  • Traceability information comparison Import the internal logistics traceability information of the NFC chip identified by the code scanner through the information import module, compare the imported logistics traceability information with the physical traceability information stored in the database, and export the logistics traceability information comparison through the information export module result.

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Abstract

一种基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法，包括区块链、NFC芯片和扫码器，所述NFC芯片嵌设在物流集装箱的箱门外壁处，所述NFC芯片用于储存物流溯源信息，所述NFC芯片包括读写模块、产品自身信息模块、产品出厂信息模块和产品留痕信息模块，所述读写模块用于向NFC芯片内写入物流溯源信息和通过NFC芯片输出物流溯源信息，所述产品自身信息模块用于储存物流产品数据的溯源信息。该基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法中，通过设置NFC芯片对物流的溯源信息进行记录，确保物流信息记录的完整性，基于区块链对物流溯源信息进行记录，防止物流溯源信息的丢失，同时便于对物流溯源信息进行查询。

Description

一种基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及区块链技术领域，具体为一种基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法。
背景技术
随着互联网技术的飞速发展和信息技术的日益普及，移动互联网、互联网金融以及物联网等技术和应用如雨后春笋般迅速发展，这给人们的工作与生活提供着前所未有的便利。对于物流行业来说，由于物流行业中的数据量巨大，且物流信息程序繁琐，物流行业中的溯源信息极易丢失，难以对物流的溯源信息进行追溯。鉴于此，我们提出一种基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的物流行业中的数据量巨大，且物流信息程序繁琐，物流行业中的溯源信息极易丢失，难以对物流的溯源信息进行追溯的问题。
为实现上述目的，一方面，本发明提供一种基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，包括区块链、NFC芯片和扫码器，所述NFC芯片嵌设在物流集装箱的箱门外壁处，所述NFC芯片用于储存物流溯源信息，所述NFC芯片包括读写模块、产品自身信息模块、产品出厂信息模块和产品留痕信息模块，所述读写模块用于向NFC芯片内写入物流溯源信息和通过NFC芯片输出物流溯源信息，所述产品自身信息模块用于储存物流产品数据的溯源信息，所述产品出厂信息模块用于储存物流产品的出厂溯源信息，所述产品留痕信息模块用于储存产品溯源信息查询记录。
作为优选，所述读写模块包括写入信息模块和读出信息模块，所述写入信息模块用于向NFC芯片内写入物流的溯源信息，所述读出信息模块用于输出写入的物流溯源信息。
作为优选，所述扫码器包括电源模块、信息处理模块、通信模块和数据发送模块，所述电源模块用于为扫码器工作提供合适的工作电源，所述信息处理模块用于对NFC芯片内储存的溯源信息进行分析，所述通信模块用于对分析后的溯源信息进行传输，所述数据发送模块用于将分析后的溯源信息进行上传。
作为优选，所述信息处理模块包括解码模块和验证模块，所述解码模块用于对NFC芯片进行解码，并读出NFC芯片内部溯源信息，所述验证模块用于验证输出数据和接收数据是否一致。
作为优选，所述数据发送模块内还设置有通讯模块，用于直接将扫码器识别的信息导致PC机内。
作为优选，所述区块链包括接口模块、数据采集模块、信息保存模块、信息展示模块和数据库，所述接口模块用于实现外设和区块链的连接，所述数据采集模块用于对物理溯源信息进行采集，所述信息保存模块用于对采集的物理溯源信息进行保存，所述信息展示模块用于对采集的物理溯源信息进行展示，所述数据库用于对物理溯源信息进行储存。
作为优选，所述接口模块包括URL模块、WebService模块和PC端接口模块，所述URL模块用于从互联网上得到的物理溯源数据资源位置，所述WebService模块用于开发分布 式的互操作的应用程序，所述PC端接口模块用于连接PC端获取数据。
作为优选，所述数据库包括信息分类模块、信息导入模块、信息对比模块和信息导出模块，所述信息分类模块用于对物理溯源信息进行分类储存，所述信息导入模块用于导入扫码器识别的NFC芯片内部物流溯源信息，所述信息对比模块用于将导入的物流溯源信息和数据库内储存的物理溯源信息进行对比，所述信息导出模块用于导出物流溯源信息对比结果。
另一方面，本发明还提供一种基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源方法，包括上述任意一项所述的基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，其操作步骤如下：
S1、建立区块链数据库：通过接口模块将NFC芯片内部的溯源信息导入区块链中，并通过信息分类模块，安装溯源信息的类别分类保存至数据库内；
S2、识别NFC芯片信息：通过扫码器的解码模块识别NFC芯片内部的溯源信息，并通过验证模块确保溯源信息的发送的准确性；
S3、溯源信息对比：通过信息导入模块导入扫码器识别的NFC芯片内部物流溯源信息，再导入的物流溯源信息和数据库内储存的物理溯源信息进行对比，并通过信息导出模块导出物流溯源信息对比结果。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：
1、该基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法中，通过设置NFC芯片对物流的溯源信息进行记录，同时NFC芯片不易损坏，能永久记录物流溯源信息，并且NFC芯片内可以进行读写，能够随时对物流进行记录和查询，确保物流信息记录的完整性。
2、该基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法中，通过扫码器对NFC芯片内储存的物流溯源信息进行扫描并读取，便于对溯源信息进行实时查询。
3、该基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法中，基于区块链对物流溯源信息进行记录，防止物流溯源信息的丢失，同时便于对物流溯源信息进行查询。
4、该基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法中，基于数据库物流溯源信息进行保存，同时能够对扫描的物流溯源信息与数据库储存的信息进行比对，实现溯源物流信息的反馈。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构框图；
图2为本发明的NFC芯片安装结构示意图；
图3为本发明的NFC芯片内部模块图；
图4为本发明的读写模块示意图；
图5为本发明的扫码器内部模块图；
图6为本发明的信息处理模块示意图；
图7为本发明的数据发送模块示意图；
图8为本发明的区块链内部模块图；
图9为本发明的接口模块示意图；
图10为本发明的数据库内部模块示意图；
图11为本发明的通信模块工作原理图；
图12为本发明的数据发送模块工作原理图；
图13为本发明的电源模块工作原理图；
图14为本发明的通讯模块工作原理图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明提供一种基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，如图1-图4所示，包括区块链、NFC芯片和扫码器，NFC芯片嵌设在物流集装箱的箱门外壁处，NFC芯片用于储存物流溯源信息，NFC芯片包括读写模块、产品自身信息模块、产品出厂信息模块和产品留痕信息模块，读写模块用于向NFC芯片内写入物流溯源信息和通过NFC芯片输出物流溯源信息，产品自身信息模块用于储存物流产品数据的溯源信息，产品出厂信息模块用于储存物流产品的出厂溯源信息，产品留痕信息模块用于储存产品溯源信息查询记录。
本实施例中，当读写设备要求写入产品自身信息模块区时，若经IC判断产品自身信息模块区可写入，则将数据写入产品自身信息模块区。同时，将Hash(产品自身信息模块)即经过Hash加密函数加密后的数据写入厂商数据库系统。产品自身信息模块区的信息包括产品的身份信息、时间戳信息、签名与摘要信息、公钥接口及区块链地址等信息，这些由厂家自行定义，确保每个身份信息唯一即可。产品自身信息模块区的信息无法直接读出，须经IC读取。当读取产品自身信息模块区时，IC将Hash(产品自身信息模块)返回给读写设备。产品自身信息模块区支持一次可写多次可读。
进一步的，当读写设备要求写入产品出厂信息模块区时，若经IC判断产品出厂信息模块区可写入，则将数据写入产品出厂信息模块区；当读取产品出厂信息模块区时，IC将产品出厂信息模块返回给读写设备。产品出厂信息模块区支持一次可写多次可读。产品出厂信息模块的信息主要展示给查询用户，包括产品信息、时间信息、签名与摘要信息等。
具体的，当读写设备要求写入产品留痕信息模块区时，若经IC判断产品留痕信息模块区可写入，则将数据写入产品留痕信息模块区。同时，将Hash(产品留痕信息模块)即经过Hash加密函数加密后的数据写入厂商数据库系统。产品留痕信息模块区的信息是产品被查询时的留痕信息，由厂家自行定义，只须确保每次查询留痕信息唯一即可。产品留痕信息模块区的信息无法直接读出，须经IC读取。当读取产品留痕信息模块区时，将Hash(产品留痕信息模块)返回给读写设备。产品留痕信息模块区可支持多次读写。
值得说明的是，读写模块包括写入信息模块和读出信息模块，写入信息模块用于向NFC芯片内写入物流的溯源信息，读出信息模块用于输出写入的物流溯源信息。
实施例2
作为本发明的第二种实施例，为了便于扫码器对NFC芯片进行读取，本实施例还对扫码器作出改进，作为一种优选实施例，如图5-图7所示，扫码器包括电源模块、信息处理模块、通信模块和数据发送模块，电源模块用于为扫码器工作提供合适的工作电源，信息处理模块用于对NFC芯片内储存的溯源信息进行分析，通信模块用于对分析后的溯源信息进行传输，数据发送模块用于将分析后的溯源信息进行上传。
本实施例中，电源模块如图13所示，图中，B1是9V蓄电池或者锂电池，能够反复充电。C1，C2，C3，C4都是滤波电容，起到一次与二次滤波作用。D1，D2是稳压二极管，使输出端的电压稳定在理想的水平电压。芯片7805是三端稳压集成电路芯片，具有正电压输出。其电路内部还有过流、过热及调整管等保护电路，最终目的把9V电源转变成稳定5V输出，为后续设备供电。
进一步的，信息处理模块基于NRF24L01芯片通信模块设计，NRF24L01芯片通信模块电路核心器件NRF24L01配合网络晶振、解耦电容、偏极电阻一起工作构造稳定射频通信模块，该芯片是贴片结构，模块占用空间少，如图11所示。
具体的，数据发送模块如图12所示，数据发送模块中应用单片机AT89C51作为控制芯片，对NRF24L01主通信模块的接口时序模拟和对数据的发送进行处理。
此外，信息处理模块包括解码模块和验证模块，解码模块用于对NFC芯片进行解码，并读出NFC芯片内部溯源信息，验证模块用于验证输出数据和接收数据是否一致。
其中，解码模块包括三个部分，分别为起始位、数据位和结束位，本实施例基于计数的方法进行解码，解码时所用的时钟为振荡器所产生的时钟信号，因为时钟提取电路所提取出来的射频时钟信号在有凹槽的时候时钟是没有的，数据通信速率为106Kps，而射频时钟是13.56MHz的，即在一个位持续时间内有128个射频时钟周期，由于解码时用到的是振荡器时钟，所以在该模块中需要有一子模块用于记下当有128个射频时钟上升沿到来时，振荡器时钟有多少个时钟上升沿，并将其值记为NUM，通信的开始为一序列Z，因此该模块有一帧前导序列检测子模块，为下降沿检测模块，通过信号的下降沿来检测信号的到来，一旦检测到信号的到来将通过控制信号来启动解码电路。解码时在振荡器时钟上升沿对接收到的数据进行采样，当采样到的值为1时将计数器的值COUNT加1，一旦采样到的数据位0就停止计数，并通过COUNT的大小与前序列的情况，判断接收到的序列，并将COUNT值清零，从而达到解码的目的。ISO/IEC1443-A协议规定通信结束用逻辑“0”后跟序列Y表示，但在解码时，可以在COUNT的值超过2*NUM时判断帧结束，停止解码。
除此之外，验证模块包括奇校验模块和CRC校验模块。
其中，奇校验方法是指在每8个数据位后添加一个奇校验位，使整个数据组(包括奇校验码在内)的“1”的个数为奇数。因此，生成奇校验码的方法也很简单，只要将输入的数据位逐位异或，则产生的结果就是该数据组的奇校验码。考虑到在进行奇校验时，可以先对接收到的8位字节数据计算其奇校验码，然后在命令解析时与接收到的奇校验码进行比较，相等即说明传输正确，反之则说明传有误。数据发送模块内还设置有通讯模块，用于直接将扫码器识别的信息导致PC机内。
其中，CRC校验的基本思想是利用线性编码理论，发送方和接收方事先约定一个生成 多项式G(X)，发送方将需要进行传输的原始K位二进制序列作为一个多项式B(X)的系数，将B(X)除以G(X)得到商多项式Q(X)和余数多项式R(X)，其中R(X)的系数就是R位校验用的监督码。发送方发送数据时将CRC码附在原始数据后，发送K+R位序列。数据链路将序列发送到接收方后，接收方同样将其看成是一个多项式的系数序列，并用相同的生成多项式来除该多项式。若余数为零，则传输无差错；否则，传输有差错。
值得说明的是，数据发送模块内还设置有通讯模块，用于直接将扫码器识别的信息导致PC机内，通讯模块原理如图14所示，单片机左侧是一块max232芯片，其作用是将pc机中的232电平与单片机的T TL电平匹配，最左侧是9芯母接头，在使用时可接在计算机com口上与计算机通信。单片机右侧接一块射频通信模块，由于此块单片机同样没有SPI接口，所以需要用普通接口软件模拟SPI接口，其编程要严格按SPI端口的通信逻辑时序。
实施例3
作为本发明的第三种实施例，为了便于对识别的信息进行处理，本发明还设置有区块链，作为一种优选实施例，如图8-图10所示，区块链包括接口模块、数据采集模块、信息保存模块、信息展示模块和数据库，接口模块用于实现外设和区块链的连接，数据采集模块用于对物理溯源信息进行采集，信息保存模块用于对采集的物理溯源信息进行保存，信息展示模块用于对采集的物理溯源信息进行展示，数据库用于对物理溯源信息进行储存。
本实施例中，区块链由经过数学方法处理后的数据区块组成，每一个数据区块都包含了上一个数据区块的散列值，从最新的数据区块一直链接到第一个数据区块，行成块链结构。每一个数据区块包含当前数据区块根散列值、前一数据区块根散列值、时间戳、数据记录和其他信息。区块根散列值实际就是数据记录树的根节点散列值，是根据数据记录树自上而下通过安全散列算法逐步计算出的。时间戳是数据区块的生成时间。其他信息包括区块签名信息、随机值等信息，可根据具体应用场景灵活定义。数据记录在存储过程中，通常组织为树形逻辑结构，比如默克尔树。
进一步的，数据库建立算法如下：
<Context>
<Resourcename＝"jdbc/test"auth＝"Container"type＝"javax.sql.DataSource"
maxActive＝"50"maxIdle＝"30"maxWait＝"10000"logAbandoned＝"true"
username＝"root"password＝"111111"driverClassName＝"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url＝"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb"/>
</Context>
具体的，数据库基于MySql、SqlServer2008和Oracle构建，且对大数据分析基于决策树、神经网络、K-MEANS聚类、支持向量机、多元线性回归算法实现。
进一步的，决策树算法步骤如下：
给定一个数据集D＝{t 1，t 1，……，t n}，其中t i＝<t i，t i1，……，t ih>是D中的第i 个样本(i＝1,2，……，n),数据集模式包含的属性集为{A 1，A 2，……,A h},t ij是第i个样本的第j个属性A j的值j＝(1,2，……,h)，同时给定类标号集合C＝{C 1,C 2,……，C m}，对于数据集D,决策树是指具有下列3个性质的树：
(1)每个非叶子节点都被标记-一个分裂属性A i；
(2)每个分支都被标记-一个分裂谓词，这个分裂谓词是分裂父节点的具体依据；
(3)每个叶子节点都被标记一个类标号C j∈C。
此外，神经网络算法如下：
隐节点输出模型公式如下：O j＝f(∑w ij*X i-q j)
输出节点输出模型公式如下：Y k＝f(∑T ij*O j-q k)
除此之外，K-MEANS聚类算法基本思想为：以空间中k个点为中心进行聚类，对最靠近他们的对象归类。通过迭代的方法，逐次更新各聚类中心的值，直至得到最好的聚类结果，步骤如下：
假设要把样本集分为c个类别，算法描述如下:
(1)适当选择c个类的初始中心；
(2)在第k次迭代中，对任意一个样本，求其到c个中心的距离，将该样本归到距离最短的中心所在的类；
(3)利用均值等方法更新该类的中心值；
(4)对于所有的c个聚类中心，如果利用(2)(3)的迭代法更新后，值保持不变，则迭代结束，否则继续迭代。
值得说明的是，支持向量机算法思路如下：对于由多个样本对构成的数据集{X i，Y j}，X i∈R n，Y i∈{+1，-1}，SVM设计的目的是寻求一个具有最大间隔的超平面g(x)＝w TX+b＝0。
本实施例中，多元线性回归算法用高斯消去变换求解n阶线性方程组Ax＝b时，记增广矩阵为
Figure PCTCN2019122833-appb-000001
化A为上三角形矩阵的过程为：
Figure PCTCN2019122833-appb-000002
其中为上三角矩阵R初等变换的过程可通过初等变换阵P i的运算来表示.记，P 1＝(t 1,e 2,…,e n)
其中
Figure PCTCN2019122833-appb-000003
则
Figure PCTCN2019122833-appb-000004
进一步的，接口模块包括URL模块、WebService模块和PC端接口模块，URL模块用于从互联网上得到的物理溯源数据资源位置，WebService模块用于开发分布式的互操作的应用程序，PC端接口模块用于连接PC端获取数据。
此外，数据库包括信息分类模块、信息导入模块、信息对比模块和信息导出模块，信息分类模块用于对物理溯源信息进行分类储存，信息导入模块用于导入扫码器识别的NFC芯片内部物流溯源信息，信息对比模块用于将导入的物流溯源信息和数据库内储存的物理溯源信息进行对比，信息导出模块用于导出物流溯源信息对比结果。
另一方面，本发明还提供一种基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源方法，包括上述任意一项的基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，其操作步骤如下：
S1、建立区块链数据库：通过接口模块将NFC芯片内部的溯源信息导入区块链中，并通过信息分类模块，安装溯源信息的类别分类保存至数据库内。
S2、识别NFC芯片信息：通过扫码器的解码模块识别NFC芯片内部的溯源信息，并通过验证模块确保溯源信息的发送的准确性；
S3、溯源信息对比：通过信息导入模块导入扫码器识别的NFC芯片内部物流溯源信息，再导入的物流溯源信息和数据库内储存的物理溯源信息进行对比，并通过信息导出模块导出物流溯源信息对比结果。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的仅为本发明的优选例，并不用来限制本发明，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，包括区块链、NFC芯片和扫码器，其特征在于：所述NFC芯片嵌设在物流集装箱的箱门外壁处，所述NFC芯片用于储存物流溯源信息，所述NFC芯片包括读写模块、产品自身信息模块、产品出厂信息模块和产品留痕信息模块，所述读写模块用于向NFC芯片内写入物流溯源信息和通过NFC芯片输出物流溯源信息，所述产品自身信息模块用于储存物流产品数据的溯源信息，所述产品出厂信息模块用于储存物流产品的出厂溯源信息，所述产品留痕信息模块用于储存产品溯源信息查询记录。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，其特征在于：所述读写模块包括写入信息模块和读出信息模块，所述写入信息模块用于向NFC芯片内写入物流的溯源信息，所述读出信息模块用于输出写入的物流溯源信息。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，其特征在于：所述扫码器包括电源模块、信息处理模块、通信模块和数据发送模块，所述电源模块用于为扫码器工作提供合适的工作电源，所述信息处理模块用于对NFC芯片内储存的溯源信息进行分析，所述通信模块用于对分析后的溯源信息进行传输，所述数据发送模块用于将分析后的溯源信息进行上传。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，其特征在于：所述信息处理模块包括解码模块和验证模块，所述解码模块用于对NFC芯片进行解码，并读出NFC芯片内部溯源信息，所述验证模块用于验证输出数据和接收数据是否一致。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，其特征在于：所述数据发送模块内还设置有通讯模块，用于直接将扫码器识别的信息导致PC机内。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，其特征在于：所述区块链包括接口模块、数据采集模块、信息保存模块、信息展示模块和数据库，所述接口模块用于实现外设和区块链的连接，所述数据采集模块用于对物理溯源信息进行采集，所述信息保存模块用于对采集的物理溯源信息进行保存，所述信息展示模块用于对采集的物理溯源信息进行展示，所述数据库用于对物理溯源信息进行储存。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，其特征在于：所述接口模块包括URL模块、WebService模块和PC端接口模块，所述URL模块用于从互联网上得到的物理溯源数据资源位置，所述WebService模块用于开发分布式的互操作的应用程序，所述PC端接口模块用于连接PC端获取数据。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，其特征在于：所述数据库包括信息分类模块、信息导入模块、信息对比模块和信息导出模块，所述信息分类模块用于对物理溯源信息进行分类储存，所述信息导入模块用于导入扫码器识别的NFC芯片内部物流溯源信息，所述信息对比模块用于将导入的物流溯源信息和数据库内储存的物理溯源信息进行对比，所述信息导出模块用于导出物流溯源信息对比结果。
  9. 一种基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源方法，包括根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的基于区块链的技术的港口物流溯源系统，其操作步骤如下：
    S1、建立区块链数据库：通过接口模块将NFC芯片内部的溯源信息导入区块链中，并 通过信息分类模块，安装溯源信息的类别分类保存至数据库内；
    S2、识别NFC芯片信息：通过扫码器的解码模块识别NFC芯片内部的溯源信息，并通过验证模块确保溯源信息的发送的准确性；
    S3、溯源信息对比：通过信息导入模块导入扫码器识别的NFC芯片内部物流溯源信息，再导入的物流溯源信息和数据库内储存的物理溯源信息进行对比，并通过信息导出模块导出物流溯源信息对比结果。
PCT/CN2019/122833 2019-08-05 2019-12-03 一种基于区块链技术的港口物流溯源系统及方法 WO2021022740A1 (zh)

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