WO2021022343A1

WO2021022343A1 - Supplement and device for changing the composition of the fuel mixture to improve the performance of internal combustion engines

Info

Publication number: WO2021022343A1
Application number: PCT/BG2019/000019
Authority: WO
Inventors: Boyko Raychev BOZHILOV; Raicho Boikov Bojilov
Original assignee: Bozhilov Boyko Raychev; Raicho Boikov Bojilov
Priority date: 2019-08-02
Filing date: 2019-08-02
Publication date: 2021-02-11

Abstract

A supplement of industrial oxygen (90-98%) and water vapor changes the composition of the combustion mixture and improves the performance of internal combustion engines (ICE) economy of fuel, environmental friendliness and power. The supplement is obtained by means of a device consisting of a pressure vessel with industrial oxygen and an evaporator of the type tube-in-tube heat exchanger using the heat of the exhaust pipe to produce water vapor. The implementation requires design and technological research and analysis in order to develop prototypes to evaluate performance - fuel economy, increased power and reduction of harmful emissions - in real conditions.

Description

Boyko Raychev Bozhilov Raicho Boikov Bojilov Sofia

Republic of Bulgaria

Supplement and device for changing the composition of the fuel mixture to improve the performance of internal combustion engines

The invention relates to a supplement and a device for changing the composition of the fuel mixture to improve the performance of internal combustion engines (ICEs) with the objective of achieving:

- Economy of fuel consumption;

- Improved power output;

- Reduced emissions exhaust gases.

The ICE fuel is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, and its combustion uses oxygen from the air, which is also used to prepare a fuel-air mixture that enters the combustion chamber. The process is characterized by alpha (a), an air consumption factor. When a = 1, the amount of air corresponds to the theoretically necessary for the combustion of the fuel and the mixture is called normal, but it does not bum out completely and part of it is lost unutilized. Extra air, or a> 1, is required for complete combustion. Such a mixture is called impoverished. Due to the excess air in the impoverished mixture, the calorific effect decreases, so does the speed ofbuming, which in turn leads to a decrease in power. This mode is called operational (a> 1) and is characteristic of ICEs that operate under medium intensity when maximal power is not required.

When it is required that ICEs operate at high intensity and power, additional fuel is injected into the cylinders. This changes the composition of the fuel mixture and the air consumption factor a <1. Such a mixture has a high calorific value and a high speed ofbuming, but combustion takes place in an environment of scarcity of oxygen and some of the carbon component of the fuel bums to CO₂ and the other to CO, according to the reactions:

When the amount of additional fuel injected reaches a carbon-to -oxygen ratio of 1: 1, after deducing the amount of oxygen required for the combustion of the hydrogen part of the fuel, a reaction (2) will be applied whereby the volume of exhaust gas (CO) in the cylinders will be at its highest, and that will increase the pressure in the cylinders.

The power output of ICEs depends on two considerations, other things equal :

(1) Number of work cycles or revolutions per unit time, which depends on the calorific value and speed of burning of the fuel mixture and (2) The pressure on the pistons, which depends in direct proportion on the amount of combustion mixture and the volume of exhaust gas as a function of the manner of combustion of the combustion mixture.

The improvement in the power output of ICEs, however, come at the expense of a deterioration in the indicators of economy (increased fuel consumption) and environmental friendliness (increased volume of exhaust gas with increased toxic CO content).

The purpose of the invention is to modify the composition of the fuel-air mixture to improve the performance dimensions of the engine, such as economy, power output and environmental friendliness. The modification of the composition affects only the air component and is carried out by supplement containing oxygen and water vapor. For industrial (technological) needs, the so-called industrial oxygen is produced with 90-98% oxygen by factional distillation of liquefied air, commercially available in pressurized steel containers (vessels).

In order to ensure complete combustion of the fiiel during the operational regime, the amount of atmospheric ah provided is replaced by industrial oxygen. This frees up volume in the cylinders of the ICEs, which is filled with the fuel-oxygen mixture, which increases the calorific value and the speed of burning of the fuel mixture, which in turn increases the power output of the engine.

It is known that the indicator of internal pressure serves as a measure of the binding forces between molecules. For water it is quite large - 22,000 atmospheres, while for almost all other substances it is many times smaller, in the range of 2000-5000 atmospheres, which makes its shrinkage very small In addition, the internal pressure is considered to be inversely proportional to the square of the volume. The conditions in the cylinders during the compression process are characterized by a decrease in the volume of the fuel mixture and an increase in the pressure in the cylinder, while the temperature rises to values close to the critical for the water (374° C) at which the critical pressure of water vapor is above 200 atmospheres and the addition of water vapor to the air wall provide a higher pressure and compression ratio of the fuel mixture than the same volume of nitrogen in the fuel mixture. At the end of the compression process, the combustion mixture ignites and the heat generated by the combustion heats up the gases to temperatures above 2000° C, expanding and creating high pressure on the walls of the combustion chamber and the piston, which determines the power output of the engine. Higher pressure during the compression process and the presence of water vapor with its properties under the conditions in the cylinder’s combustion chamber provide higher power. The water vapor for the supplement (a mixture of oxygen and water vapor) is obtained in an evaporator of the type tube-in-tube heat exchanger using the heat of the exhaust pipe, which utilizes about one-third of the thermal energy generated through combustion.

The supplement, which is a mixture of oxygen and water vapor, is obtained by means of a device, whose principal components are illustrated in Figure 1. The water from the water container (1) goes to the evaporator (3) that utilizes the heat of the exhaust pipe (2) and the so obtained water vapor through a pipe (4) enters the air stream in the air pipe (8) after the air filter (7) and from there to the dosing system for the preparation of the fuel (9). From the steel container (vessel) that holds oxygen under pressure (5) through the pipeline (6), the oxygen flowing into the air stream is divided into two streams (6’) and (6”). One stream (6') provides oxygen to water vapor in the same ratio as the oxygen to nitrogen ratio in the air stream, and the other stream (6") provides the amount of oxygen necessary for complete combustion of the fuel in the engine block (10). Merging the supplement (oxygen and water vapor) with the air and fuel produces a fuel mixture with high calorific value and speed of burning, which leads to complete fuel combustion and high performance indicators - economy, environmental friendliness and power output

Claims

1. Supplement of water vapor and oxygen to the air to alter the composition of the combustion mixture for internal combustion engines, characterized by a ratio of water vapor to oxygen equal to the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the air plus the amount of oxygen required for complete combustion of the fuel.

2. Device consisting of water container (1), evaporator (3), steel container (vessel) that holds oxygen under pressure (5), connected through pipes (4 and 6) to the air pipe (8) according to figure 1, characterized by evaporator (3) of the type tube-in-tube heat exchanger using the heat of die exhaust pipe.