WO2021017704A1 - 逆变装置及供电系统 - Google Patents

逆变装置及供电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021017704A1
WO2021017704A1 PCT/CN2020/098207 CN2020098207W WO2021017704A1 WO 2021017704 A1 WO2021017704 A1 WO 2021017704A1 CN 2020098207 W CN2020098207 W CN 2020098207W WO 2021017704 A1 WO2021017704 A1 WO 2021017704A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inverter
unit
protection unit
bus
input terminal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/098207
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐明辉
林天散
高拥兵
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP20847112.8A priority Critical patent/EP3920359B1/en
Priority to AU2020320834A priority patent/AU2020320834A1/en
Publication of WO2021017704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021017704A1/zh
Priority to US17/447,485 priority patent/US11811235B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/108—Parallel operation of dc sources using diodes blocking reverse current flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of power supply technology, and in particular to an inverter device and a power supply system.
  • an inverter device In a photovoltaic grid-based power supply system, an inverter device is used to convert DC power generated by a DC source such as photovoltaic cells into AC power, and send the converted AC power to the power grid of the power system. Due to the intermittent characteristics of direct current generated by direct current sources such as photovoltaic cells, the inverter device needs to process the direct current generated by such direct current sources so that the grid can obtain alternating current with stable power.
  • This application provides an inverter device and a power supply system, which can improve the power supply stability of the power supply system.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • the inverter device includes a plurality of protection units and a plurality of inverter units; the protection unit may be a circuit capable of fault isolation, and the inverter unit may be capable of realizing current between DC and AC.
  • Each of the multiple protection units includes an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal.
  • Each of the multiple inverter units includes a DC input terminal and an AC output terminal.
  • the input terminal of each protection unit is used for connection One of the multiple DC source units of the power supply system, the output terminal of each protection unit is connected to the DC input terminal of one of the multiple inverter units, and the AC output terminal of each inverter unit is used To connect to the power grid; among them, the input terminals of multiple protection units are used to connect to the same energy storage system;
  • Any one of the multiple protection units is used to: when the input terminal voltage of any one protection unit is greater than the output terminal voltage, the input terminal and the output terminal of any one protection unit are in a forward conduction state, or when When the output terminal voltage of any protection unit is greater than the input terminal voltage, the input terminal and the output terminal of any protection unit are in a reverse cut-off state, or when the control terminal of any protection unit receives the first trigger signal When the input terminal and output terminal of any protection unit are in a reverse conduction state.
  • each inverter unit is connected in series with the protection unit in parallel, so that an energy storage system can be shared.
  • the inverter device shown in Figure 2 can reduce the power supply system Hardware cost.
  • each inverter unit shares an energy storage system
  • the input terminals of each protection unit are connected in parallel and then connected to the energy storage system. If an inverter unit is short-circuited, the inverter unit will become the entire
  • the energy in other inverter units wants to back-fill the inverter unit, but at this time the input and output terminals of these protection units are in a reverse blocking state, which prevents other inverter units The energy in the inverter is fed back to the inverter unit.
  • the inverter unit For the inverter unit, if the inverter unit undergoes energy back-infusion during normal operation, the back-injection current generated during the energy back-infusion process is usually large, which exceeds the normal working range of the inverter unit, resulting in the inverter The unit is damaged. Therefore, when a short circuit occurs in a certain inverter unit, other inverter units can be isolated, so as to avoid damage to other inverter units.
  • each protection unit includes a diode and a power switch; the anode of the diode is used to connect a DC source unit, the cathode of the diode is connected to the DC input terminal of an inverter unit, and the anode of the diode is connected to the power switch. The cathode is connected, the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the power switch;
  • the inverter device also includes a controller.
  • the first control terminal of the controller is connected to the control pole of each power switch.
  • the first control terminal of the controller is used to output a first trigger signal.
  • Each power switch receives the first trigger.
  • the positive and negative poles of the power switch are controlled to be in a conducting state during the signal.
  • the function of the protection unit provided in the embodiment of the present application can be realized through the diode and the power switch, which reduces the hardware cost of the inverter device.
  • the inverter device further includes a plurality of DC/DC converters, the input end of each DC/DC converter is connected to a DC source unit, and the output of each DC/DC converter The terminal is connected with the anode of the diode, and the control terminal of each DC/DC converter is connected with the second control terminal of the controller;
  • the second control terminal of the controller is used to output the second trigger signal, and each DC/DC converter increases the output voltage when receiving the second trigger signal, so that the diode connected to each DC/DC converter is at Conduction state.
  • the power switch in the protection unit can be turned on in a zero-voltage scenario, which avoids damage to the power switch caused by the inrush current generated at the moment when the power switch is turned on.
  • each protection unit includes a first protection unit, and the DC input terminal of each inverter unit includes a positive bus input terminal and a negative bus input terminal;
  • each first protection unit is used to connect the positive bus output terminal of a DC source unit, and the output terminal of each first protection unit is connected to the positive bus input terminal of an inverter unit.
  • the bus input terminal is used to connect the negative bus output terminal of a DC source unit.
  • each first protection unit is also used to connect the positive bus input end of the energy storage system
  • the negative bus input end of each inverter unit is also used to connect the negative bus input end of the energy storage system.
  • each protection unit includes a second protection unit, and the DC input terminal of each inverter unit includes a positive bus input terminal and a negative bus input terminal;
  • each second protection unit is used to connect the negative bus output terminal of a DC source unit, and the output terminal of each second protection unit is connected to the negative bus input terminal of an inverter unit.
  • the bus input terminal is used to connect the positive bus output terminal of a DC source unit.
  • each second protection unit is also used to connect the negative bus input terminal of the energy storage system
  • the positive bus input terminal of each inverter unit is also used to connect the positive bus input terminal of the energy storage system.
  • each protection unit includes a first protection unit and a second protection unit, and the DC input terminal of each inverter unit includes a positive bus input terminal and a negative bus input terminal;
  • each first protection unit is used to connect the positive bus output terminal of a DC source unit, and the output terminal of each first protection unit is connected to the positive bus input terminal of an inverter unit.
  • each second protection unit is used to connect the negative bus output end of a DC source unit, and the output end of each second protection unit is connected to the negative bus input end of an inverter unit,
  • each first protection unit is also used to connect the positive bus input end of the energy storage system
  • the input end of each second protection unit is also used to connect the negative bus input end of the energy storage system.
  • the protection unit provided by the embodiments of the present application can be configured on the positive bus side, on the negative bus side, or on both buses at the same time, which improves the application flexibility of the inverter device. .
  • the inverter device further includes a plurality of first capacitors; one end of each first capacitor is connected to the input end of a protection unit, and the other end of each first capacitor is connected to the two bus bars.
  • the other busbar of the busbars of the multiple protection units is connected.
  • the first capacitor can suppress the surge current input to the protection unit.
  • the inverter device further includes a plurality of second capacitors; one end of each second capacitor is connected to the output terminal of a protection unit, and the other end of each second capacitor is connected to the two busbars.
  • the other busbar of the busbars of the multiple protection units is connected.
  • the second capacitor can reduce the inrush current at the moment of power-on.
  • each inverter unit includes one or more inverters, multiple inverters are connected in parallel, and two power devices connected in series are deployed on the bus of each inverter; for any inverter
  • the controller is also used to input a third trigger signal to a power device on the bus in any inverter, detect the voltage on the bus, and diagnose another power connected in series with a power device based on the voltage on the bus. Whether the device is short-circuited.
  • the power supply system includes a plurality of DC source units, an energy storage system, and any of the above-mentioned inverter devices; each DC source unit is connected to an input end of a protection unit, and each protection unit The output terminal of each inverter unit is connected to the DC input terminal of an inverter unit, and the AC output terminal of each inverter unit is used to connect to the grid to provide AC power to the grid; the input terminal of each protection unit is also connected to the energy storage system.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an energy back-irrigation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another energy back-irrigation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power supply system 100 includes a DC source system 101, an inverter device 102 and a step-up transformer 103.
  • the DC source system 101 is connected to an inverter device 102, and the inverter device 102 is connected to a step-up transformer 103, and the step-up transformer 103 is used to connect to the power grid 104.
  • the direct current source system 101 includes a plurality of direct current source units 1011, each direct current source unit 1011 includes one or more direct current sources, the multiple direct current sources in each direct current source unit are connected in parallel, and any direct current source is used to provide direct current.
  • the direct current source can be photovoltaic cells, wind energy batteries and other equipment. In the photovoltaic field, the DC source included in the DC source unit may also be referred to as a photovoltaic panel.
  • the inverter device 102 includes an inverter unit 1021 connected to each of the plurality of DC source units 1011.
  • the inverter unit 1021 is used to convert the DC power output by the DC source unit 101 into AC power, and transmit the converted AC power to the grid 104 through the step-up transformer 103.
  • Each inverter unit 1021 includes one or more inverters, which are connected in parallel.
  • the power grid 104 is used to obtain electricity from the electricity output by the step-up transformer 103, and the power obtained by the power grid 104 from the electricity output from the step-up transformer 103 may also be referred to as grid-connected power.
  • the grid-connected power of the power grid 104 is constant.
  • the output power of the DC source unit included in the DC source system 101 is generally unstable. For example, the output power of photovoltaic cells during the day is different from the output power at night. Therefore, in order to ensure the stability of the grid-connected power of the grid 104, as shown in FIG. 1, the power supply system 100 further includes an energy storage system 105, which is connected to the inverter device 102.
  • the energy storage system 105 can supplement the grid 104 with electric energy through the inverter device 102.
  • the energy storage system 105 can store the remaining electric energy after the power grid 104 is powered by the inverter device 102.
  • the energy storage system 105 can ensure the stability of the grid-connected power of the power grid 104.
  • the inverter device and inverter system provided by the embodiments of the present application are applied to the above-mentioned scenario where the energy storage system 105 maintains the grid-connected power stability of the grid 104.
  • FIG. 2 is an inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2, the inverter device 200 includes a plurality of protection units 201 and a plurality of inverter units 202.
  • each protection unit 201 includes an input terminal, an output terminal and a control terminal
  • each inverter unit 202 includes a DC input terminal and an AC output terminal.
  • each protection unit 201 is used to connect to one of the multiple DC source units of the power supply system, and the output end of each protection unit 201 is connected to the direct current of one of the multiple inverter units 202.
  • the input terminal is connected, and the AC output terminal of each inverter unit 202 is used to connect to the grid.
  • the input ends of multiple protection units 201 are used to connect to the same energy storage system.
  • Any protection unit 201 is used to: when the output terminal voltage of the protection unit 201 is higher than the input terminal voltage, the input terminal and the output terminal of the protection unit 201 are in a forward conduction state; or, when the protection unit 201 When the output terminal voltage is lower than the input terminal voltage, the protection unit 201 is in a reverse blocking state between the input terminal and the output terminal; or, when the control terminal of the protection unit 201 receives the first trigger signal, the protection unit 201 The input terminal and output terminal are in a reverse conduction state.
  • each inverter unit is connected in series with the protection unit and then connected in parallel, so that one energy storage system can be shared, and each inverter unit is connected to an energy storage system, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the inverter device can reduce the hardware cost of the power supply system.
  • each inverter unit shares an energy storage system
  • the input terminals of each protection unit are connected in parallel and then connected to the energy storage system. If an inverter unit is short-circuited, the inverter unit will become the entire circuit At the lowest point of the medium potential, as shown in Figure 3, the energy in other inverter units is going to be reversed to the inverter unit, but at this time, the input and output terminals of these protection units are in a reverse blocking state, which prevents The energy in other inverter units is fed back to the inverter unit.
  • the inverter unit For the inverter unit, if the inverter unit undergoes energy back-infusion during normal operation, the back-injection current generated during the energy back-infusion process is usually large, which exceeds the normal working range of the inverter unit, resulting in the inverter The unit is damaged. Therefore, through the inverter device shown in FIG. 2, when a short circuit occurs in a certain inverter unit, other inverter units can be isolated, thereby avoiding damage to other inverter units.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application. It is used to further describe the inverter device shown in FIG. 2 in detail. As shown in FIG. 5, each protection unit 201 in the inverter device 200 includes a diode 2011 and a power switch 2012.
  • the anode of the diode 2011 is used to connect a DC source unit, the cathode of the diode 2011 is connected to the DC input of an inverter unit 202, the anode of the diode 2011 is connected to the cathode of the power switch 2012, The negative pole of 2011 is connected to the positive pole of the power switch 2012.
  • the inverter device may further include a controller 203, and the first control terminal of the controller 203 is connected to the control pole of each power switch 2012.
  • the first control terminal of the controller 203 is used to output a first trigger signal, and each power switch 2012 controls the positive and negative poles of the power switch to be in a conducting state when receiving the first trigger signal.
  • the protection unit may be implemented by a diode and a power switch.
  • the diode in the protection unit When the DC source unit and/or the energy storage system supplies power to the grid through the inverter unit, the diode in the protection unit is in a conducting state.
  • the controller can output a first trigger signal to control the power switch to turn on.
  • the inverter device 200 shown in FIG. 5 further includes a plurality of DC/DC converters 204, and the input end of each DC/DC converter 204 is used to connect a DC source unit.
  • the output terminal of each DC/DC converter 204 is connected to the anode of the diode 2011, and the control terminal of each DC/DC converter 204 is connected to the second control terminal of the controller 203.
  • the second control terminal of the controller 203 is used to output a second trigger signal, and each DC/DC converter 204 increases the output voltage when receiving the second trigger signal, so as to be connected to each DC/DC converter 204 The diode is in the conducting state.
  • the first control terminal of the controller 203 is used to output the first trigger signal, specifically: the controller 203 outputs the second trigger signal after outputting the first trigger signal.
  • the controller 203 Since the controller 203 outputs the second trigger signal after outputting the first trigger signal, the diode 2011 has been turned on before the power switch 2012 is turned on, so that the voltage across the power switch 2012 is almost zero.
  • the power switch 2012 is turned on by the second trigger signal, and there is basically no inrush current at the moment when the power switch 2012 is turned on, thereby avoiding damage to the power switch 2012 at the moment of turning on. This way of turning on the power switch 2012 can also be referred to as a zero voltage conduction mode.
  • the power switch 2012 may at least include insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, MOSFET ), silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), gate-turn-off thyristor (GTO).
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
  • SCR silicon controlled rectifier
  • GTO gate-turn-off thyristor
  • the power switch 2012 When the power switch 2012 is an IGBT, the gate of the IGBT is used as the control stage, and the emitter and collector are respectively used as the anode and the cathode.
  • the power switch 2012 When the power switch 2012 is a MOSFET, the gate of the MOSFET is used as the control stage, and the source and drain are respectively used as the anode and the cathode.
  • the power switch 2012 is another type of power switch, all three poles of the power switch 2012 can be set with reference to the above-mentioned method, and will not be described in detail here.
  • controller 203 shown in FIG. 5 may be a controller integrated in the inverter device 200, or may be a controller independent of the inverter device.
  • multiple DC/DC converters 204 in FIG. 5 may be DC/DC converters integrated in the inverter device 200, or may be DC/DC converters independent of the inverter device.
  • FIG. 5 only It is used for illustration and does not constitute a limitation to the application.
  • each DC source unit includes a positive bus output terminal and a negative bus output terminal.
  • the DC input terminal of each inverter unit includes a positive bus input terminal and a negative bus input terminal.
  • the positive bus output terminal of the DC source unit and the positive bus input terminal of the inverter unit are connected through a positive bus, and the negative bus output terminal of the DC source unit and the negative bus input terminal of the inverter unit are connected through a negative bus.
  • the protection unit in the inverter device in FIG. 2 can be deployed on the side of the positive bus or on the side of the negative bus, which will be described separately below.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • each protection unit includes a first protection unit 201-1, and the DC input terminal of the inverter unit includes a positive bus input terminal and a negative bus input terminal.
  • the positive bus and the negative bus in FIG. 6 adopt different line type identifications respectively.
  • each first protection unit 201-1 is used to connect the positive bus output terminal of a DC source unit, and the output terminal of each first protection unit 201-1 is connected to the positive bus of the inverter unit 202.
  • the bus input terminal is connected, and the negative bus input terminal of each inverter unit 202 is used to connect the negative bus output terminal of a DC source unit.
  • each first protection unit 201-1 is also used to connect the positive bus input end of the energy storage system 203
  • the negative bus input end of each inverter unit 202 is also used to connect the negative bus input end of the energy storage system 203 .
  • the first protection unit is deployed on the side of the positive bus bar, and is used for fault isolation of the inverter unit or a short circuit on the bus bar.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7, each protection unit includes a second protection unit 201-2, and the DC input terminal of the inverter unit includes a positive bus input terminal and a negative bus input terminal.
  • each second protection unit 201-2 is used to connect the negative bus output end of a DC source unit, and the output end of each second protection unit 201-2 is connected to the negative bus input end of the inverter unit 202.
  • the positive bus input end of each inverter unit 202 is used to connect the positive bus output end of a DC source unit.
  • each second protection unit 201-2 is also used to connect the negative bus input terminal of the energy storage system 203, and the positive bus input terminal of each inverter unit 202 is also used to connect the positive bus input terminal of the energy storage system 203 .
  • the second protection unit is deployed on the side of the negative bus bar for fault isolation of the inverter unit or the short circuit on the bus bar.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 8, each protection unit includes a first protection unit 201-1 and a second protection unit 201-2, and the DC input terminal of the inverter unit includes a positive bus input terminal and a negative bus input terminal.
  • each first protection unit 201-1 is used to connect the positive bus output end of a DC source unit, and the output end of each first protection unit 201-1 is connected to the positive bus input end of the inverter unit 202.
  • each second protection unit 201-2 is used to connect to the negative bus output terminal of a DC source unit, and the output terminal of each second protection unit 201-2 is connected to the negative bus input terminal of the inverter unit 202,
  • each first protection unit 201-1 is also used to connect the positive bus input end of the energy storage system 203
  • the input end of each second protection unit 201-2 is also used to connect the negative bus input end of the energy storage system 203 end.
  • the first protection unit is deployed on the side of the positive bus
  • the second protection unit is deployed on the side of the negative bus, and is used to control the inverter unit or the bus Fault isolation for short-circuit conditions.
  • deploying a protection unit in one of the two busbars may result in different voltage changes on both sides of the positive and negative busbars. Based on this factor, the positive and negative busbars can be used at the same time.
  • the protection unit is also deployed in the busbar.
  • first protection unit 201-1 and second protection unit 201-2 For the structure and connection relationship of the above-mentioned first protection unit 201-1 and second protection unit 201-2, reference may be made to the protection unit shown in FIG. 5, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the inverter device 200 further includes a plurality of first capacitors C1, one end of each first capacitor C1 is connected to the input end of a protection unit, and the other end of each first capacitor C1 is used to connect two Among the bus bars, the other bus bar is in addition to the bus bar where the protection unit is deployed.
  • the first capacitor C1 can suppress the surge current input to the protection unit 201.
  • one end of the first capacitor is connected to the anode of the diode in the protection unit, and the other end of the first capacitor C1 is used to connect the two bus bars except for the protection unit.
  • the other bus in the bus is
  • the inverter device 200 may further include a plurality of second capacitors C2.
  • One end of each second capacitor C2 is connected to the output end of a protection unit, and each second capacitor C2 is used to connect the other bus bar of the two bus bars except for the bus bar where the protection unit is deployed.
  • the second capacitor C2 can reduce the inrush current at the moment of power-on.
  • one end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the cathode of the diode, and the second capacitor C2 is used to connect the other of the two bus bars except for the bus bar where the protection unit is deployed.
  • One bus One bus.
  • the inverter device shown in FIG. 9 is described by using the protection unit deployed on the side of the positive bus as an example. In other cases, the inverter device shown in FIG. 9 can be used to deploy capacitors when the protection unit is deployed.
  • the inverter device can also be powered on and self-checked to check whether the inverter device has a fault during startup.
  • each inverter unit in the foregoing embodiment includes one or more inverters, and multiple inverters are connected in parallel.
  • the power-on self-check provided by the embodiment of the present application is for any inverter. Because each inverter has two power devices connected in series on the bus. Therefore, for any inverter, the controller 203 is also used to input a third trigger signal to a power device on the bus in any inverter to detect the voltage on the bus to diagnose the voltage on the bus and a Whether another power device connected in series is short-circuited.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 10, the inverter includes a first power switch Q1, a second power switch Q2, a third power switch Q3, a fourth power switch Q4, a first diode D1, and a second diode D1.
  • the first power switch Q1, the second power switch Q2, the third power switch Q3, and the fourth power switch Q4 are connected in series, and the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are connected in series and connected in parallel in the second
  • the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are grounded. That is, the first power switch Q1 and the first diode D1 are connected in series on one bus bar, and the fourth power switch Q4 and the second diode D2 are connected in series on another bus bar.
  • the inverter shown in Figure 10 is a single-phase NPC type inverter.
  • the controller in FIG. 5 is also used to input a third trigger signal to the first power switch Q1 to detect the voltage at the input terminal of the first power switch Q1, that is, the voltage on the bus where the first rate switch Q1 is located, To diagnose whether the first diode D1 is short-circuited according to the voltage on the bus. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the first diode D1 is normal. If the voltage on the bus drops sharply, it is determined that the first diode D1 is short-circuited.
  • the controller in FIG. 5 is also used to input a third trigger signal to the fourth power switch Q4 to detect the voltage at the output terminal of the fourth power switch Q4, that is, the voltage on the bus bar where the fourth rate switch Q4 is located, to According to the voltage on the bus, it is diagnosed whether the second diode D2 is short-circuited. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the second diode D2 is normal. If the voltage on the bus drops sharply, it is determined that the second diode D2 is short-circuited.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the inverter includes a first power switch Q1, a second power switch Q2, a third power switch Q3, a fourth power switch Q4, a fifth power switch Q5, and a sixth power switch Q6.
  • the first power switch Q1, the second power switch Q2, the third power switch Q3, and the fourth power switch Q4 are connected in series, and the fifth power switch Q5 and the sixth power switch Q6 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the second power switch.
  • the two ends of Q2 after being connected to the third power switch Q3, and the fifth power switch Q5 and the sixth power switch Q6 are grounded. That is, the first power switch Q1 and the fifth power switch Q5 are connected in series on one bus bar, and the fourth power switch Q4 and the sixth power switch Q6 are connected in series on another bus bar.
  • a diode is connected in parallel at both ends of each power switch, as shown in the figure.
  • the inverter shown in Fig. 11 is a single-phase aNPC type inverter.
  • the controller in FIG. 5 is also used to input a third trigger signal to the first power switch Q1 to detect the voltage at the input terminal of the first power switch Q1, that is, the voltage on the bus where the first rate switch Q1 is located, According to the voltage on the bus bar, it is diagnosed whether the fifth power switch Q5 and the fifth diode D5 connected in parallel with the fifth power switch are short-circuited. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the fifth power switch Q5 and the fifth diode D5 pre-parallel with it are normal. If the voltage on the bus drops sharply, it is determined that the fifth power switch Q5 and the fifth diode D5 pre-parallel with it are short-circuited.
  • the controller in FIG. 5 is also used to input a third trigger signal to the fifth power switch Q5 to detect the voltage at the input terminal of the fifth power switch Q5, that is, the voltage on the bus bar where the fifth rate switch Q5 is located, to According to the voltage on the bus bar, it is diagnosed whether the first power switch Q1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel therewith are short-circuited. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the first power switch Q1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel therewith are normal. If the voltage on the bus drops sharply, it is determined that the first power switch Q1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel with it have a short circuit.
  • the controller in FIG. 5 is also used to input a third trigger signal to the fourth power switch Q4 to detect the voltage at the output terminal of the fourth power switch Q4, that is, the voltage on the bus bar where the fourth rate switch Q4 is located, to According to the voltage on the bus, it is diagnosed whether the sixth power switch Q6 and the sixth diode D6 connected in parallel therewith are short-circuited. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the sixth power switch Q6 and the sixth diode D6 connected in parallel therewith are normal. If the voltage on the bus drops sharply, it is determined that the sixth power switch Q6 and the sixth diode D6 connected in parallel with it are short-circuited.
  • the controller in FIG. 5 is also used to input a third trigger signal to the sixth power switch Q6 to detect the voltage at the output terminal of the sixth power switch Q6, that is, the voltage on the bus bar where the sixth power switch Q6 is located, to According to the voltage on the bus, it is diagnosed whether the fourth power switch Q4 and the fourth diode D4 connected in parallel are short-circuited. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the fourth power switch Q4 and the fourth diode D4 connected in parallel therewith are normal. If the voltage on the bus line drops sharply, it is determined that the fourth power switch Q4 and the fourth diode D4 connected in parallel with it have a short circuit.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the inverter includes a first power switch Q1, a second power switch Q2, a third power switch Q3, and a fourth power switch Q4.
  • the first power switch Q1 and the third power switch Q3 are connected in series on one bus bar, and the second power switch Q2 and the fourth power switch Q4 are connected in series on the other bus bar.
  • a diode is connected in parallel at both ends of each power switch, as shown in the figure.
  • the inverter shown in Fig. 12 is a single-phase T-type inverter.
  • the controller in FIG. 3 is also used to input a third trigger signal to the first power switch Q1 to detect the voltage at the input terminal of the first power switch Q1, that is, the voltage on the bus where the first rate switch Q1 is located,
  • the third power switch Q3 and the third diode D3 connected in parallel with the third power switch are diagnosed according to the voltage on the bus bar whether a short circuit occurs. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the third power switch Q3 and the third diode D3 pre-parallel with it are normal. If the voltage on the bus drops sharply, it is determined that a short circuit has occurred between the third power switch Q3 and the third diode D3 pre-parallel with it.
  • the controller in FIG. 5 is also used to input a third trigger signal to the third power switch Q3 to detect the voltage at the input terminal of the third power switch Q3, that is, the voltage on the bus bar where the third rate switch Q3 is located, to According to the voltage on the bus bar, it is diagnosed whether the first power switch Q1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel therewith are short-circuited. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the first power switch Q1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel therewith are normal. If the voltage on the bus drops sharply, it is determined that the first power switch Q1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel with it have a short circuit.
  • the controller in FIG. 5 is also used to input a third trigger signal to the fourth power switch Q4 to detect the voltage at the output terminal of the fourth power switch Q4, that is, the voltage on the bus bar where the fourth rate switch Q4 is located, to According to the voltage on the bus bar, it is diagnosed whether the second power switch Q2 and the second diode D2 connected in parallel therewith are short-circuited. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the second power switch Q2 and the second diode D2 connected in parallel therewith are normal. If the voltage on the bus drops sharply, it is determined that the second power switch Q2 and the second diode D2 connected in parallel with it have a short circuit.
  • the controller in FIG. 5 is also used to input a third trigger signal to the second power switch Q2 to detect the voltage at the output terminal of the second power switch Q2, that is, the voltage on the bus bar where the second power switch Q2 is located, to According to the voltage on the bus, it is diagnosed whether the fourth power switch Q4 and the fourth diode D4 connected in parallel therewith are short-circuited. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the fourth power switch Q4 and the fourth diode D4 connected in parallel therewith are normal. If the voltage on the bus line drops sharply, it is determined that the fourth power switch Q4 and the fourth diode D4 connected in parallel have a short circuit.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the inverter includes a first power switch Q1 and a second power switch Q2 connected in series on a bus.
  • a diode is connected in parallel at both ends of each power switch, as shown in the figure.
  • the inverter shown in Figure 13 is a single-phase half-bridge converter.
  • the controller in FIG. 2 is also used to input a second trigger signal to the first power switch Q1 to detect the voltage at the input terminal of the first power switch Q1, that is, the voltage on the bus bar where the first rate switch Q1 is located,
  • the second power switch Q2 and the second diode D2 connected in parallel with the second power switch are diagnosed according to the voltage on the bus bar whether a short circuit occurs. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the second power switch Q2 and the second diode D2 pre-parallel with it are normal. If the voltage on the bus drops sharply, it is determined that a short circuit has occurred between the second power switch Q2 and the second diode D2 pre-parallel with it.
  • the controller in Figure 2 is also used to input a second trigger signal to the second power switch Q2 to detect the voltage at the input end of the second power switch Q2, that is, the voltage on the bus where the second rate switch Q2 is located, to According to the voltage on the bus bar, it is diagnosed whether the first power switch Q1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel therewith are short-circuited. If the voltage on the bus does not change, it is determined that the first power switch Q1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel therewith are normal. If the voltage on the bus drops sharply, it is determined that the first power switch Q1 and the first diode D1 connected in parallel with it have a short circuit.
  • the aforementioned power-on self-check is performed before the inverter device provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to supply power to the grid.
  • One working mode is used to output the first trigger signal, which is used to realize the grid in FIG. 2 storing electric energy in the energy storage system.
  • One working mode is used to output the second trigger signal, which is used to realize the zero voltage conduction of the power switch in FIG. 5.
  • the other working mode is used to output the third trigger signal, which is used to self-check the short-circuit fault of the inverter unit or the bus in the inverter device.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a power supply system, which includes a plurality of DC source units, an energy storage system, and any of the above-mentioned inverter devices in FIG. 2;
  • each DC source unit is connected to the input terminal of a protection unit, the output terminal of each protection unit is connected to the DC input terminal of an inverter unit, and the AC output terminal of each inverter unit is used to connect to the power grid.
  • the grid provides alternating current.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种逆变装置及供电系统，属于电源技术领域。该逆变装置包括多个保护单元和多个逆变单元。对于任一保护单元，当该保护单元的输出端电压高于输入端电压时，该保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于正向导通状态，当该保护单元的输出端电压低于输入端电压时，该保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于反向截止状态；当该保护单元的控制端接收到第一触发信号时，该保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于反向导通状态。通过该逆变装置，可以在实现在逆变装置中某个逆变单元或母线发生短路故障时，对逆变装置中的其他逆变单元进行隔离，从而避免由于短路故障而造成逆变单元的损坏。

Description

逆变装置及供电系统
本申请要求于2019年07月31日提交的申请号为201910703078.2、发明名称为“逆变装置及供电系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电源技术领域，特别涉及一种逆变装置及供电系统。
背景技术
在基于光伏电网的供电系统中，逆变装置用于将光伏电池等直流源产生的直流电转换为交流电，并将转换后的交流电发送至用电系统电网。由于光伏电池等直流源产生的直流电具有间歇性特点，因此，逆变装置需要对这类直流源产生的直流电进行处理，以使电网能够获取到功率稳定的交流电。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种逆变装置及供电系统，可以提高供电系统的供电稳定性。所述技术方案如下：
一方面，提供了一种逆变装置，该逆变装置包括多个保护单元和多个逆变单元；保护单元可以是能够实现故障隔离的电路，逆变单元可以是能够实现电流在直流和交流之间转变的电路。
多个保护单元中每个保护单元包括输入端、输出端和控制端，多个逆变单元中的每个逆变单元包括直流输入端和交流输出端，每个保护单元的输入端用于连接供电系统的多个直流源单元中的一个直流源单元，每个保护单元的输出端和多个逆变单元中的一个逆变单元的直流输入端连接，每个逆变单元的交流输出端用于连接电网；其中，多个保护单元的输入端用于连接同一储能系统；
多个保护单元中任一保护单元用于：当该任一保护单元的输入端电压大于输出端电压时，该任一保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于正向导通状态，或者，当该任一保护单元的输出端电压大于输入端电压时，任一保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于反向截止状态，或者，当该任一保护单元的控制端接收到第一触发信号时，任一保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于反向导通状态。
本申请提供的逆变装置至少具有如下几个效果：
第一，各个逆变单元与保护单元串联之后并联在一起，这样可以共用一个储能系统，相对于每个逆变单元连接一个储能系统，图2所示的逆变装置可以降低供电系统的硬件成本。
第二，当各个逆变单元共用一个储能系统之后，相当于各个保护单元的输入端并联在一起之后连接在储能系统上，如果某个逆变单元发生短路，该逆变单元将成为整个电路中电势最低点，其他逆变单元中的能量欲向该逆变单元反灌，但是由于此时这些保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于反向截止状态，从而阻止了其他逆变单元中的能量向该逆变单元反灌。对于逆变单元而言，如果逆变单元在正常工作时发生能量的反灌，能量反灌过程中产生的反灌 电流通常较大，超出了逆变单元的正常工作范围，从而导致该逆变单元发生损坏。因此，可以在某个逆变单元发生短路时，对其他逆变单元进行隔离，从而避免其他逆变单元的损坏。
第三，如果直流源单元到某个保护单元之间的母线发生短路，该保护单元的输入端将成为整个电路中电势最低点，每个逆变单元中的能量欲向该电势最低点反灌，但是由于此时这些保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于反向截止状态，从而阻止了每个逆变单元中的能量向该电势最低点反灌。也即是，可以在直流源单元与逆变装置之间的母线发生短路时，对各个逆变单元进行隔离，从而避免各个逆变单元的损坏。
在一种可能的示例中，每个保护单元包括二极管和功率开关；二极管的正极用于连接一个直流源单元，二极管的负极与一个逆变单元的直流输入端连接，二极管的正极与功率开关的负极连接，二极管的负极与功率开关的正极连接；
逆变装置还包括控制器，控制器的第一控制端与每个功率开关的控制极连接，控制器的第一控制端用于输出第一触发信号，每个功率开关在接收到第一触发信号时控制功率开关的正极和负极处于导通状态。
通过二极管和功率开关便可实现本申请实施例提供的保护单元的功能，降低了逆变装置的硬件成本。
在一种可能的示例中，逆变装置还包括多个直流/直流变换器，每个直流/直流变换器的输入端连接用于与一个直流源单元连接，每个直流/直流变换器的输出端与二极管的正极连接，每个直流/直流变换器的控制端与控制器的第二控制端连接；
控制器的第二控制端用于输出第二触发信号，每个直流/直流变换器在接收到第二触发信号时增大输出的电压，以使与每个直流/直流变换器连接的二极管处于导通状态。
通过上述配置，可以实现保护单元中的功率开关在零电压场景中导通，避免了功率开关导通瞬间产生的冲击电流对功率开关造成的损坏。
在一种可能的示例中，每个保护单元包括第一保护单元，每个逆变单元的直流输入端包括正母线输入端和负母线输入端；
每个第一保护单元的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的正母线输出端，每个第一保护单元的输出端与一个逆变单元的正母线输入端连接，每个逆变单元的负母线输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的负母线输出端连接。
每个第一保护单元的输入端还用于连接储能系统的正母线输入端，每个逆变单元的负母线输入端还用于连接储能系统的负母线输入端。
在一种可能的示例中，每个保护单元包括第二保护单元，每个逆变单元的直流输入端包括正母线输入端和负母线输入端；
每个第二保护单元的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的负母线输出端，每个第二保护单元的输出端与一个逆变单元的负母线输入端连接，每个逆变单元的正母线输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的正母线输出端连接。
每个第二保护单元的输入端还用于连接储能系统的负母线输入端，每个逆变单元的正母线输入端还用于连接储能系统的正母线输入端。
在一种可能的示例中，每个保护单元包括第一保护单元和第二保护单元，每个逆变单元的直流输入端包括正母线输入端和负母线输入端；
每个第一保护单元的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的正母线输出端，每个第一保护单 元的输出端与一个逆变单元的正母线输入端连接。
每个第二保护单元的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的负母线输出端，每个第二保护单元的输出端与一个逆变单元的负母线输入端连接，
每个第一保护单元的输入端还用于连接储能系统的正母线输入端，每个第二保护单元的输入端还用于连接储能系统的负母线输入端。
通过上述三种不同的配置，本申请实施例提供的保护单元可以配置在正母线侧，也可以配置在负母线侧，还可以同时配置在两个母线上，提高了逆变装置的应用灵活性。
在一种可能的示例中，逆变装置还包括多个第一电容；每个第一电容的一端与一个保护单元的输入端连接，每个第一电容的另一端与两条母线中除部署多个保护单元的母线中的另一条母线连接。第一电容可以抑制输入至保护单元的浪涌电流。
在一种可能的示例中，逆变装置还包括多个第二电容；每个第二电容的一端与一个保护单元的输出端连接，每个第二电容的另一端与两条母线中除部署多个保护单元的母线中的另一条母线连接。第二电容可以减小上电瞬间的冲击电流。
在一种可能的示例中，每个逆变单元包括一个或多个逆变器，多个逆变器并联，每个逆变器的母线上部署有串联的两个功率器件；对于任一逆变器，控制器还用于向任一逆变器中的母线上的一个功率器件输入第三触发信号，检测母线上的电压，以根据母线上的电压诊断与一个功率器件串联的另一个功率器件是否发生短路。
在本申请中，还可以对逆变单元中的逆变器进行故障检测，进一步提高了逆变装置的应用灵活性。
另一方面、提供了一种供电系统，供电系统包括多个直流源单元、储能系统以及上述任一种逆变装置；每个直流源单元与一个保护单元的输入端连接，每个保护单元的输出端与一个逆变单元的直流输入端连接，每个逆变单元的交流输出端用于与电网连接，以向电网提供交流电；每个保护单元的输入端还与储能系统连接。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种供电系统的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种逆变装置的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种能量反灌的示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种能量反灌的示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变装置的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变装置的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变装置的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变装置的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变装置的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种逆变器的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变器的结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变器的结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
在对本申请的实施例进行详细解释说明之前，先对本申请实施例涉及的应用场景进行解释说明。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种供电系统的结构示意图。如图1所示，供电系统100包括直流源系统101、逆变装置102以及升压变压器103。直流源系统101与逆变装置102连接、逆变装置102与升压变压器103连接，升压变压器103用于与电网104连接。
直流源系统101包括多个直流源单元1011，每个直流源单元1011包括一个或多个直流源，每个直流源单元中的多个直流源并联连接，任一直流源用于提供直流电。该直流源可以为光伏电池、风能电池等设备。在光伏领域中，直流源单元中包括的直流源还可以称为光伏电池板。
由于直流源系统101包括多个直流源单元1011，因此，逆变装置102包括与多个直流源单元1011中每个直流源单元1011连接的逆变单元1021。逆变单元1021用于将直流源单元101输出的直流电转换为交流电，并将转换后的交流电通过升压变压器103输送至电网104。
每个逆变单元1021包括一个或多个逆变器，这多个逆变器并联连接。
电网104用于从升压变压器103输出的电中取电，电网104从升压变压器103输出的电中取电的功率还可以称为并网功率。在使用图1所示的供电系统时，电网104的并网功率一定。但是直流源系统101包括的直流源单元的输出功率通常不稳定。比如，光伏电池在白天的输出功率和在夜晚的输出功率不同。因此，为了保证电网104的并网功率的稳定性，如图1所示，该供电系统100还包括储能系统105，储能系统105与逆变装置102连接。
当直流源系统101的输出功率小于电网104需要的并网功率时，储能系统105可以通过逆变装置102对电网104补充电能。当直流源系统101的输出功率大于电网104需要的并网功率时，储能系统105可以通过逆变装置102对电网104取电之后剩余的电能进行存储。
通过储能系统105可以保证电网104的并网功率的稳定性。本申请实施例提供的逆变装置及逆变系统就应用于上述通过储能系统105维持电网104并网功率稳定性的场景中。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种逆变装置，如图2所示，该逆变装置200包括多个保护单元201和多个逆变单元202。
如图2所示，每个保护单元201包括输入端、输出端和控制端，每个逆变单元202包括直流输入端和交流输出端。
每个保护单元201的输入端用于连接供电系统的多个直流源单元中的一个直流源单元，每个保护单元201的输出端和多个逆变单元202中的一个逆变单元202的直流输入端连接，每个逆变单元202的交流输出端用于连接电网。
多个保护单元201的输入端用于连接同一储能系统。
任一保护单元201用于：当该保护单元201的输出端电压高于输入端电压时，该保护单元201的输入端和输出端之间处于正向导通状态；或者，当该保护单元201的输出端电压低 于输入端电压时，该保护单元201的输入端和输出端之间处于反向截止状态；或者，当该保护单元201的控制端接收到第一触发信号时，该保护单元201的输入端和输出端之间处于反向导通状态。
图2提供的逆变装置在应用到图1所示的供电系统时，至少具有如下技术效果：
在图2所示的逆变装置中，各个逆变单元与保护单元串联之后并联在一起，这样可以共用一个储能系统，相对于每个逆变单元连接一个储能系统，图2所示的逆变装置可以降低供电系统的硬件成本。
另外，当各个逆变单元共用一个储能系统之后，相当于各个保护单元的输入端并联在一起之后连接在储能系统上，如果某个逆变单元发生短路，该逆变单元将成为整个电路中电势最低点，如图3所示，其他逆变单元中的能量欲向该逆变单元反灌，但是由于此时这些保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于反向截止状态，从而阻止了其他逆变单元中的能量向该逆变单元反灌。对于逆变单元而言，如果逆变单元在正常工作时发生能量的反灌，能量反灌过程中产生的反灌电流通常较大，超出了逆变单元的正常工作范围，从而导致该逆变单元发生损坏。因此，通过图2所示的逆变装置，可以在某个逆变单元发生短路时，对其他逆变单元进行隔离，从而避免其他逆变单元的损坏。
另外，如果直流源单元到某个保护单元之间的母线发生短路，该保护单元的输入端将成为整个电路中电势最低点，如图4所示，每个逆变单元中的能量欲向该电势最低点反灌，但是由于此时这些保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于反向截止状态，从而阻止了每个逆变单元中的能量向该电势最低点反灌。也即是，通过图2所示的逆变装置，可以在直流源单元与逆变装置之间的母线发生短路时，对各个逆变单元进行隔离，从而避免各个逆变单元的损坏。
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变装置的结构示意图。用于对图2所示的逆变装置进行进一步详细说明。如图5所示，逆变装置200中的每个保护单元201包括一个二极管2011和一个功率开关2012。
如图5所示，二极管2011的正极用于连接一个直流源单元，二极管2011的负极与一个逆变单元202逆变单元的直流输入端连接，二极管2011的正极与功率开关2012的负极连接，二极管2011的负极与功率开关2012的正极连接。
如图5所示，该逆变装置还可以包括控制器203，控制器203的第一控制端与每个功率开关2012的控制极连接。控制器203的第一控制端用于输出第一触发信号，每个功率开关2012在接收到第一触发信号时控制功率开关的正极和负极处于导通状态。
也即是，在本申请实施例中，保护单元可以通过一个二极管和一个功率开关来实现。在直流源单元和/或储能系统通过逆变单元向电网供电时，保护单元中的二极管处于导通状态。当电网需要向储能系统中储能时，保护单元的二极管被反向截止，此时可以通过控制器输出第一触发信号，以控制功率开关导通。
另外，保护单元201中的功率开关2012在导通瞬间，如果功率开关2012的两端存在压差，此时，功率开关2012导通瞬间存在冲击电流，该冲击电流会对增大功率开关2012的热应力，从而从功率开关2012造成一定的损坏。因此，在本申请实施例中，图5所示的逆变装置200还包括多个直流/直流变换器204，每个直流/直流变换器204的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元连接，每个直流/直流变换器204的输出端与二极管2011的正极连接，每个直流/直 流变换器204的控制端与控制器203的第二控制端连接。
控制器203的第二控制端用于输出第二触发信号，每个直流/直流变换器204在接收到第二触发信号时增大输出的电压，以使与每个直流/直流变换器204连接的二极管处于导通状态。此时，控制器203的第一控制端用于输出第一触发信号，具体为：控制器203输出第一触发信号之后输出第二触发信号。
由于控制器203是在输出第一触发信号之后输出第二触发信号的，因此，在功率开关2012导通之前，二极管2011已经导通，这样功率开关2012两端的电压几乎为0，这时如果再通过第二触发信号导通功率开关2012，功率开关2012导通瞬间基本不存在冲击电流，从而避免导通瞬间对功率开关2012造成损坏。这种导通功率开关2012的方式还可以称为零电压导通模式。
在图5所示的逆变装置中，功率开关2012至少可以包括绝缘栅极双型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor，IGBT)、金属氧化物场效应晶体管(metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor，MOSFET)、可控硅整流器(silicon controlled rectifier，SCR)、门极可关晶闸管(gate-turn-off thyristor，GTO)中的任一种。
当功率开关2012为IGBT时，将IGBT的门极作为控制级，发射极和集电极分别作为正极和负极。当功率开关2012为MOSFET时，将MOSFET的栅极作为控制级，源极和漏极分别作为正极和负极。当功率开关2012为其他类型的功率开关时，功率开关2012的三个极均可以参考上述方式进行设置，在此不再一一详细阐述。
另外，图5所示的控制器203可以为集成在逆变装置200中的控制器，也可以为独立与逆变装置之外的控制器。另外，图5中的多个直流/直流变换器204可以为集成在逆变装置200中的直流/直流变换器，也可以为独立与逆变装置之外的直流/直流变换器，图5仅仅用于举例说明，并不构成对本申请的限定。
对于图1所示的供电系统，直流源单元与逆变单元之间的电能传输是需要正母线和负母线的，也即是，每个直流源单元包括正母线输出端和负母线输出端，每个逆变单元的直流输入端包括正母线输入端和负母线输入端。直流源单元的正母线输出端和逆变单元的正母线输入端之间通过正母线连接，直流源单元的负母线输出端和逆变单元的负母线输入端之间通过负母线连接。基于这个场景，图2中的逆变装置中的保护单元可以部署在正母线这一侧，也可以部署在负母线这一侧，下面对此分别展开说明。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种逆变装置的结构示意图。如图6所示，每个保护单元包括第一保护单元201-1，逆变单元的直流输入端包括正母线输入端和负母线输入端。为了便于说明，图6中的正母线和负母线分别采用不同的线型标识。
如图6所示，每个第一保护单元201-1的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的正母线输出端，每个第一保护单元201-1的输出端与逆变单元202的正母线输入端连接，每个逆变单元202的负母线输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的负母线输出端连接。
每个第一保护单元201-1的输入端还用于连接储能系统203的正母线输入端，每个逆变单元202的负母线输入端还用于连接储能系统203的负母线输入端。
也即是，在图6所示的逆变装置200中，第一保护单元部署在正母线这一侧，用于对逆变单元或母线上的短路情况进行故障隔离。
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变装置的结构示意图。如图7所示，每个保护单元包括第二保护单元201-2，逆变单元的直流输入端包括正母线输入端和负母线输入端。
每个第二保护单元201-2的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的负母线输出端，每个第二保护单元201-2的输出端与逆变单元202的负母线输入端连接，每个逆变单元202的正母线输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的正母线输出端连接。
每个第二保护单元201-2的输入端还用于连接储能系统203的负母线输入端，每个逆变单元202的正母线输入端还用于连接储能系统203的正母线输入端。
也即是，在图7所示的逆变装置200中，第二保护单元部署在负母线这一侧，用于对逆变单元或母线上的短路情况进行故障隔离。
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变装置的结构示意图。如图8所示，每个保护单元包括第一保护单元201-1和第二保护单元201-2，逆变单元的直流输入端包括正母线输入端和负母线输入端。
每个第一保护单元201-1的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的正母线输出端，每个第一保护单元201-1的输出端与逆变单元202的正母线输入端连接。
每个第二保护单元201-2的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的负母线输出端，每个第二保护单元201-2的输出端与逆变单元202的负母线输入端连接，
每个第一保护单元201-1的输入端还用于连接储能系统203的正母线输入端，每个第二保护单元201-2的输入端还用于连接储能系统203的负母线输入端。
也即是，在图8所示的逆变装置200中，第一保护单元部署在正母线这一侧，第二保护单元部署在负母线这一侧，用于对逆变单元或母线上的短路情况进行故障隔离。
对于供电系统中存在多个直流源单元的情况，在两条母线中的一条母线中部署保护单元，可能会导致正负母线两侧的电压变化不同，基于这个因素，可以同时在正母线和负母线中同时部署保护单元。
上述第一保护单元201-1和第二保护单元201-2的结构及连接关系均可以参考图5所示的保护单元，在此就不再赘述。
在图6至图8任一所示的逆变装置中，保护单元201的两侧还可以部署电容。图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变装置的结构示意图。如图9所示，该逆变装置200还包括多个第一电容C1，每个第一电容C1的一端与一个保护单元的输入端连接，每个第一电容C1的另一端用于连接两条母线中除部署保护单元的母线中的另一条母线。第一电容C1可以抑制输入至保护单元201的浪涌电流。
对于图5所示的逆变装置，对于任一第一电容，第一电容的一端与保护单元中的二极管的正极连接，第一电容C1的另一端用于连接两条母线中除部署保护单元的母线中的另一条母线。
另外，如图9所示，该逆变装置200还可以包括多个第二电容C2。每个第二电容C2的一端与一个保护单元的输出端连接，每个第二电容C2用于连接两条母线中除部署保护单元的母线中的另一条母线。第二电容C2可以减小上电瞬间的冲击电流。
对于图5所示的逆变装置，对于任一第二电容C2，第二电容C2的一端与二极管的负极连接，第二电容C2用于连接两条母线中除部署保护单元的母线中的另一条母线。
图9所示的逆变装置是以在正母线侧部署保护单元为例进行说明，其他情况下部署保护单元时均可以参考图9所示的逆变装置来部署电容。
在本申请实施例中，还可以对逆变装置进行开机自检工作，以在启动时检查逆变装置是否存在故障。其中，上述实施例中的每个逆变单元包括一个或多个逆变器，多个逆变器并联。本申请实施例提供的开机自检工作是针对任一逆变器的。由于每个逆变器的母线上部署有串联的两个功率器件。因此，对于任一逆变器，控制器203还用于向任一逆变器中的母线上的一个功率器件输入第三触发信号，检测母线上的电压，以根据母线上的电压诊断与一个功率器件串联的另一个功率器件是否发生短路。
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种逆变器的结构示意图。如图10所示，该逆变器包括第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关Q4、第一二极管D1和第二二极管D1。
如图10所示，第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关串联Q4，第一二极管D1与第二二极管D2串联之后并联在第二功率开关Q2与第三功率开关Q3连接之后的两端，第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2之间接地。也即是，第一功率开关Q1和第一二极管D1串联在一条母线上，第四功率开关Q4和第二二极管D2串联在另一条母线上。图10所示的逆变器为单相NPC型逆变器。
此时，图5中的控制器还用于向第一功率开关Q1输入第三触发信号，检测第一功率开关Q1输入端的电压，也即是，第一率开关Q1所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第一二极管D1是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第一二极管D1正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第一二极管D1发生了短路。
另外，图5中的控制器还用于向第四功率开关Q4输入第三触发信号，检测第四功率开关Q4输出端的电压，也即是，第四率开关Q4所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第二二极管D2是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第二二极管D2正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第二二极管D2发生了短路。
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变器的结构示意图。如图11所示，该逆变器包括第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关Q4、第五功率开关Q5和第六功率开关Q6。
如图11所示，第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关串联Q4，第五功率开关Q5与第六功率开关Q6串联之后并联在第二功率开关Q2与第三功率开关Q3连接之后的两端，第五功率开关Q5和第六功率开关Q6之间接地。也即是，第一功率开关Q1和第五功率开关Q5串联在一条母线上，第四功率开关Q4和第六功率开关Q6串联在另一条母线上。每个功率开关的两端并联有一个二极管，分别如图所示。图11所示的逆变器为单相aNPC型逆变器。
此时，图5中的控制器还用于向第一功率开关Q1输入第三触发信号，检测第一功率开关Q1输入端的电压，也即是，第一率开关Q1所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第五功率开关Q5和与第五功率开关并联的第五二极管D5是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第五功率开关Q5和预与之并联的第五二极管D5正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第五功率开关Q5和预与之并联的第五二极管D5发生了短路。
另外，图5中的控制器还用于向第五功率开关Q5输入第三触发信号，检测第五功率开关Q5输入端的电压，也即是，第五率开关Q5所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第一功率开关Q1和与之并联的第一二极管D1是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第一功率开关Q1和与之并联的第一二极管D1正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第一功率开关Q1和与之并联的第一二极管D1发生了短路。
另外，图5中的控制器还用于向第四功率开关Q4输入第三触发信号，检测第四功率开关Q4输出端的电压，也即是，第四率开关Q4所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第六功率开关Q6和与之并联的第六二极管D6是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第六功率开关Q6和与之并联的第六二极管D6正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第六功率开关Q6和与之并联的第六二极管D6发生了短路。
另外，图5中的控制器还用于向第六功率开关Q6输入第三触发信号，检测第六功率开关Q6输出端的电压，也即是，第六功率开关Q6所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第四功率开关Q4和与之并联的第四二极管D4是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第第四功率开关Q4和与之并联的第四二极管D4正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第四功率开关Q4和与之并联的第四二极管D4发生了短路。
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变器的结构示意图。如图12所示，该逆变器包括第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关Q4。第一功率开关Q1和第三功率开关Q3串联在一条母线上，第二功率开关Q2和第四功率开关Q4串联在另一条母线上。每个功率开关的两端并联有一个二极管，分别如图所示。图12所示的逆变器为单相T型逆变器。
此时，图3中的控制器还用于向第一功率开关Q1输入第三触发信号，检测第一功率开关Q1输入端的电压，也即是，第一率开关Q1所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第三功率开关Q3和与第三功率开关并联的第三二极管D3是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第三功率开关Q3和预与之并联的第三二极管D3正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第三功率开关Q3和预与之并联的第三二极管D3发生了短路。
另外，图5中的控制器还用于向第三功率开关Q3输入第三触发信号，检测第三功率开关Q3输入端的电压，也即是，第三率开关Q3所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第一功率开关Q1和与之并联的第一二极管D1是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第一功率开关Q1和与之并联的第一二极管D1正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第一功率开关Q1和与之并联的第一二极管D1发生了短路。
另外，图5中的控制器还用于向第四功率开关Q4输入第三触发信号，检测第四功率开关Q4输出端的电压，也即是，第四率开关Q4所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第二功率开关Q2和与之并联的第二二极管D2是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第二功率开关Q2和与之并联的第二二极管D2正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第二功率开关Q2和与之并联的第二二极管D2发生了短路。
另外，图5中的控制器还用于向第二功率开关Q2输入第三触发信号，检测第二功率开关Q2输出端的电压，也即是，第二功率开关Q2所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第四功率开关Q4和与之并联的第四二极管D4是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第第四功率开关Q4和与之并联的第四二极管D4正常。如果该母线上的电 压急剧下降，则确定第四功率开关Q4和与之并联的第四二极管D4发生了短路。
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一种逆变器的结构示意图。如图13所示，该逆变器包括第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2串联在一条母线上。每个功率开关的两端并联有一个二极管，分别如图所示。图13所示的逆变器为单相半桥型变器。
此时，图2中的控制器还用于向第一功率开关Q1输入第二触发信号，检测第一功率开关Q1输入端的电压，也即是，第一率开关Q1所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第二功率开关Q2和与第二功率开关并联的第二二极管D2是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第二功率开关Q2和预与之并联的第二二极管D2正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第二功率开关Q2和预与之并联的第二二极管D2发生了短路。
另外，图2中的控制器还用于向第二功率开关Q2输入第二触发信号，检测第二功率开关Q2输入端的电压，也即是，第二率开关Q2所在的母线上的电压，以根据该母线上的电压诊断第一功率开关Q1和与之并联的第一二极管D1是否发生短路。如果该母线上的电压不发生变化，则确定第一功率开关Q1和与之并联的第一二极管D1正常。如果该母线上的电压急剧下降，则确定第一功率开关Q1和与之并联的第一二极管D1发生了短路。
上述图10至图13仅仅用于举例说明如何对逆变器进行开机自检工作，对于其他类型的逆变器均可以上述过程对其进行开机自检工作。
另外，上述开机自检工作是在使用本申请实施例提供的逆变装置对电网进行供电之前进行的。其中，控制器中设置有三种工作模式。一种工作模式用于输出第一触发信号，用于实现图2中的电网向储能系统中储存电能。一种工作模式用于输出第二触发信号，用于实现图5中的功率开关零电压导通。另一种工作模式用于输出第三触发信号，用于对逆变装置中的逆变单元或母线的短路故障进行自检。
上述实施例提供的逆变装置可以应用于图1所示的供电系统中。因此，本申请实施例还提供了一种供电系统，该供电系统包括图2中的多个直流源单元、储能系统以及上述任一的逆变装置；
其中，每个直流源单元与一个保护单元的输入端连接，每个保护单元的输出端与一个逆变单元的直流输入端连接，每个逆变单元的交流输出端用于连接电网，以向电网提供交流电。
关于该供电系统的工作原理已在上述介绍逆变装置的过程中进行了详细说明，在此就不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述为本申请提供的实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种逆变装置，其特征在于，所述逆变装置包括多个保护单元和多个逆变单元；
    所述多个保护单元中每个保护单元包括输入端、输出端和控制端，所述多个逆变单元中的每个逆变单元包括直流输入端和交流输出端，每个保护单元的输入端用于连接供电系统的多个直流源单元中的一个直流源单元，每个保护单元的输出端和多个逆变单元中的一个逆变单元的直流输入端连接，每个逆变单元的交流输出端用于连接电网；
    所述多个保护单元的输入端用于连接同一储能系统；
    所述多个保护单元中任一保护单元用于：当所述任一保护单元的输入端电压大于输出端电压时，所述任一保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于正向导通状态，或者，当所述任一保护单元的输出端电压大于输入端电压时，所述任一保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于反向截止状态，或者，当所述任一保护单元的控制端接收到第一触发信号时，所述任一保护单元的输入端和输出端之间处于反向导通状态。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的逆变装置，其特征在于，每个保护单元包括二极管和功率开关；
    所述二极管的正极用于连接一个直流源单元，所述二极管的负极与一个逆变单元的直流输入端连接，所述二极管的正极与所述功率开关的负极连接，所述二极管的负极与所述功率开关的正极连接；
    所述逆变装置还包括控制器，所述控制器的第一控制端与每个功率开关的控制极连接，所述控制器的第一控制端用于输出第一触发信号，每个功率开关在接收到所述第一触发信号时控制功率开关的正极和负极处于导通状态。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的逆变装置，其特征在于，所述逆变装置还包括多个直流/直流变换器每个直流/直流变换器的输入端连接用于与一个直流源单元连接，每个直流/直流变换器的输出端与所述二极管的正极连接，每个直流/直流变换器的控制端与所述控制器的第二控制端连接；
    所述控制器的第二控制端用于输出第二触发信号，每个直流/直流变换器在接收到第二触发信号时增大输出的电压，以使与每个直流/直流变换器连接的二极管处于导通状态。
  4. 如权利要求1至3任一所述的逆变装置，其特征在于，每个保护单元包括第一保护单元，每个逆变单元的直流输入端包括正母线输入端和负母线输入端；
    每个第一保护单元的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的正母线输出端，每个第一保护单元的输出端与一个逆变单元的正母线输入端连接，每个逆变单元的负母线输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的负母线输出端连接；
    每个第一保护单元的输入端还用于连接储能系统的正母线输入端，每个逆变单元的负母线输入端还用于连接储能系统的负母线输入端。
  5. 如权利要求1至3任一所述的逆变装置，其特征在于，每个保护单元包括第二保护单元，每个逆变单元的直流输入端包括正母线输入端和负母线输入端；
    每个第二保护单元的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的负母线输出端，每个第二保护单 元的输出端与一个逆变单元的负母线输入端连接，每个逆变单元的正母线输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的正母线输出端连接；
    每个第二保护单元的输入端还用于连接储能系统的负母线输入端，每个逆变单元的正母线输入端还用于连接储能系统的正母线输入端。
  6. 如权利要求1至3任一所述的逆变装置，其特征在于，每个保护单元包括第一保护单元和第二保护单元，每个逆变单元的直流输入端包括正母线输入端和负母线输入端；
    每个第一保护单元的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的正母线输出端，每个第一保护单元的输出端与一个逆变单元的正母线输入端连接；
    每个第二保护单元的输入端用于连接一个直流源单元的负母线输出端，每个第二保护单元的输出端与一个逆变单元的负母线输入端连接；
    每个第一保护单元的输入端还用于连接储能系统的正母线输入端，每个第二保护单元的输入端还用于连接储能系统的负母线输入端。
  7. 如权利要求1至6任一所述的逆变装置，其特征在于，所述逆变装置还包括多个第一电容；
    每个第一电容的一端与一个保护单元的输入端连接，每个第一电容的另一端与两条母线中除部署所述多个保护单元的母线中的另一条母线连接。
  8. 如权利要求1至7任一所述的逆变装置，其特征在于，所述逆变装置还包括多个第二电容；
    每个第二电容的一端与一个保护单元的输出端连接，每个第二电容的另一端与两条母线中除部署所述多个保护单元的母线中的另一条母线连接。
  9. 如权利要求2至8任一所述的逆变装置，其特征在于，每个逆变单元包括一个或多个逆变器，所述多个逆变器并联，每个逆变器的母线上部署有串联的两个功率器件；
    对于任一逆变器，所述控制器还用于向所述任一逆变器中的母线上的一个功率器件输入第三触发信号，检测所述母线上的电压，以根据所述母线上的电压诊断与所述一个功率器件串联的另一个功率器件是否发生短路。
  10. 一种供电系统，其特征在于，所述供电系统包括多个直流源单元、储能系统以及权利要求1至9任一所述的逆变装置；
    每个直流源单元与一个保护单元的输入端连接，每个保护单元的输出端与一个逆变单元的直流输入端连接，每个逆变单元的交流输出端用于与电网连接，以向所述电网提供交流电；
    每个保护单元的输入端还与所述储能系统连接。
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