WO2021017654A1 - 故障隔离装置、直流升压装置及逆变装置 - Google Patents

故障隔离装置、直流升压装置及逆变装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021017654A1
WO2021017654A1 PCT/CN2020/095447 CN2020095447W WO2021017654A1 WO 2021017654 A1 WO2021017654 A1 WO 2021017654A1 CN 2020095447 W CN2020095447 W CN 2020095447W WO 2021017654 A1 WO2021017654 A1 WO 2021017654A1
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Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
voltage
current
controller
terminal
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/095447
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张芳坡
王均
林天散
徐厚建
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to AU2020323657A priority Critical patent/AU2020323657A1/en
Priority to EP20846924.7A priority patent/EP4007100B1/en
Publication of WO2021017654A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021017654A1/zh
Priority to US17/589,316 priority patent/US12095256B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to reversal of direct current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, in particular to a fault isolation device, a DC boost device and an inverter device.
  • the DC power generated by photovoltaic cells is boosted by a DC boost device, and then converted into AC power by an inverter unit, and then the converted AC power is sent to the grid.
  • the DC boost device is usually composed of multiple DC/DC (direct current/direct current, DC/DC) conversion units in parallel. If any DC/DC conversion unit fails, it may cause the failure of other DC/DC conversion units. Energy is injected back into the DC/DC conversion unit, which causes cascading failures of other DC/DC conversion units. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fault isolation device to isolate the failed DC/DC conversion unit.
  • a reverse diode D is connected between the output positive bus and the output negative bus of each DC/DC conversion unit, and a circuit breaker K and a fuse are also connected in series on the output positive bus.
  • the diode D When the output positive bus and the output negative bus work normally, the diode D is in the reverse blocking state, and the current enters the inverter unit through the circuit breaker K and the fuse.
  • the output positive bus and the output negative bus are reversely connected, that is, the output positive bus is connected to the negative bus input end of the inverter unit, and the output negative bus is connected to the positive bus input end of the inverter unit.
  • Figure 1 is the realization of the fault isolation of the DC/DC conversion unit through the diode D and the circuit breaker K on the output positive bus and the output negative bus of each DC/DC conversion unit, or the diode D and the fuse.
  • the isolation method is usually applied to short-circuit faults caused by the reverse connection of the output of the DC/DC conversion unit. Short-circuit faults caused by other reasons cannot be effectively isolated. Therefore, the application flexibility of this fault isolation method is low.
  • the application provides a fault isolation device, a DC boost device and an inverter device, which can improve the application flexibility of the fault isolation device.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • a fault isolation device which includes a controller and a circuit breaker.
  • the controller includes a control terminal, a first voltage acquisition terminal and a current acquisition terminal, and the control terminal of the controller is connected with the circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker is located on the bus bar connected to a DC/DC conversion unit in the power supply system.
  • the circuit breaker is used to connect the bus bar where the circuit breaker is located when the circuit breaker is closed, or disconnect the bus bar where the circuit breaker is located when the circuit breaker is off. open.
  • the first voltage collection terminal of the controller is used to collect the voltage of the bus bar where the circuit breaker is located
  • the current collection terminal of the controller is used to collect the current of the bus bar where the circuit breaker is located.
  • the control terminal of the controller is used to: when it is detected that the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal is negative, or when it is detected that the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal is lower than the voltage threshold and the current collected by the current collection terminal is high When the current threshold is exceeded, the control circuit breaker is in an open state.
  • the circuit breaker is located on the bus connected to a DC/DC conversion unit in the power supply system, if the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal is negative, it indicates that the input or output of the DC/DC conversion unit has occurred.
  • Reverse connection if the circuit breaker is controlled to open at this time, the DC/DC conversion unit can be prevented from being connected in series with other parallel DC/DC conversion units, which can effectively prevent other DC/DC conversion units from converting to the DC/DC Unit back-irrigation energy. That is, the fault isolation device provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively isolate the input reverse connection or output reverse connection of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the fault isolation device provided in the embodiments of the present application can also effectively isolate the short-circuit fault of the DC/DC conversion unit itself, thereby improving the application flexibility of fault isolation.
  • the diode used in the related technology needs to be selected in advance with a suitable model. If the selected model is not suitable, it will easily cause the diode to be damaged when the output is reversed. When the diode is damaged, the related technology will no longer be able to isolate the fault through the diode.
  • this application there is no need to detect the fault through the diode, but directly based on the voltage or current collected by the controller to detect the fault. As long as the voltage and current of the bus can be collected, the fault isolation can be achieved. Therefore, the fault isolation provided by this application The reliability of the device is also relatively high.
  • the device further includes a self-locking device of the circuit breaker, the self-locking device includes an input terminal and an output terminal, and the control terminal of the controller includes a first control terminal.
  • the input end of the self-locking device is connected with the first control end of the controller, and the output end of the self-locking device is connected with the circuit breaker.
  • the first control terminal of the controller is used to: when the circuit breaker is in the open state, when it is detected that the voltage collected by the first voltage collecting terminal is negative, it sends a first command to the input terminal of the self-locking device for Indicates that the self-locking device controls the circuit breaker to be in a locked off state.
  • the input reverse connection or output reverse connection fault can be detected before the circuit breaker is closed, so as to prevent the spread of the fault caused by closing the circuit breaker in the case of a fault.
  • the device further includes a trip device of the circuit breaker, the trip device includes an input end and an output end, and the control end of the controller includes a second control end.
  • the input end of the trip device is connected with the second control end of the controller, and the output end of the trip device is connected with the circuit breaker.
  • the second control terminal of the controller is specifically used for: when it is detected that the voltage collected by the first voltage collecting terminal is lower than the voltage threshold and the current collected by the current collecting terminal is higher than the current threshold, sending a second control terminal to the input terminal of the tripping device.
  • Command used to instruct the tripping device to switch the circuit breaker from the closed state to the open state.
  • the circuit breaker When the short-circuit fault of the DC/DC conversion unit itself is detected, the circuit breaker is in a closed state. Therefore, in this fault situation, the trip device can be used to switch the circuit breaker from the closed state to the open state.
  • the first voltage acquisition terminal of the controller is used to connect a voltage detector deployed on the bus bar where the circuit breaker is located.
  • the voltage collected by the first voltage collecting terminal of the controller is the voltage reported by the voltage detector on the bus bar where the circuit breaker is located.
  • the current collection terminal of the controller is used to connect the current detector deployed on the bus bar where the circuit breaker is located;
  • the current collected by the current collecting terminal of the controller is the current reported by the current detector on the bus bar where the circuit breaker is located.
  • the current collection terminal of the controller is used to connect a current detector deployed on each of the multiple DC/DC converters included in the DC/DC conversion unit;
  • the current collected by the current collecting terminal of the controller is the sum of the current reported by the current detector on each DC/DC converter of the multiple DC/DC converters.
  • the present application can use the original current and voltage detectors in the power supply system to obtain current and voltage, which further reduces the cost of the fault isolation device.
  • the circuit breaker is located on the input bus connected to the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the circuit breaker may be specifically deployed on the input side of the DC/DC conversion unit, and is used for fault isolation of the input reverse connection of the DC/DC conversion unit and the short circuit of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the controller further includes a second voltage collecting terminal.
  • the second voltage collecting terminal is used to collect the voltage of the output bus connected with the output terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the control end of the controller is also used to control the circuit breaker to be in an open state when it is detected that the voltage collected by the second voltage collecting end is negative.
  • the circuit breaker When the circuit breaker is specifically deployed on the input side of the DC/DC conversion unit, the voltage at the output side of the DC/DC conversion unit can also be collected at this time. At this time, the fault isolation device can simultaneously realize the reverse connection of the input and the output Isolate from short-circuit faults.
  • the device further includes an auxiliary source
  • the auxiliary sources are respectively connected with other components in the fault isolation device to supply power to other components;
  • the auxiliary source is used to connect the input bus connected to the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit; the auxiliary source is also used to connect the output bus connected to the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the fault isolation device can be integrated inside the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the auxiliary source can be from the input side or output of the DC/DC conversion unit Two-way power is taken from the side, thus ensuring the working stability of the fault isolation device.
  • the circuit breaker is located on an output bus connected to the output terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the circuit breaker may be specifically deployed on the output side of the DC/DC conversion unit, and used for fault isolation of the reverse connection of the output of the DC/DC conversion unit and the short circuit of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the device also includes an auxiliary source.
  • the auxiliary sources are respectively connected to other components in the fault isolation device and used to supply power to other components.
  • the auxiliary source is used to connect to the power grid of the power supply system.
  • the auxiliary source is also used to connect the bus connected to the input end of the inverter unit in the power supply system.
  • the fault isolation device can be integrated in the inverter unit connected to the output side of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the auxiliary source can be from the inverter unit.
  • the input side or output side of the power grid is bidirectionally powered, thereby ensuring the stability of the fault isolation device.
  • the DC boost device includes a DC/DC conversion unit in the power supply system and the fault isolation device described in any one of the above aspects.
  • the circuit breaker in the fault isolation device is located on the bus bar connected to the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • any of the above-mentioned fault isolation devices may be integrated in the DC/DC conversion unit to realize fault isolation of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • an inverter device which includes an inverter unit and the fault isolation device according to any one of the above aspects.
  • the input end of the inverter unit is used to connect one or more DC/DC conversion units in the power supply system, and the circuit breaker in the fault isolation device is located on a bus connected to the output end of any DC/DC conversion unit.
  • any of the above-mentioned fault isolation devices can also be integrated inside the inverter unit, and the fault isolation of the DC/DC conversion unit can also be achieved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a fault isolation method provided by related technologies
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a split string inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fault of reverse connection of an output provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another split string inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another output reverse connection fault provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a short-circuit fault in a DC/DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fault of reverse connection provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault isolation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another fault isolation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another fault isolation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another fault isolation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another fault isolation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another fault isolation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another fault isolation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another fault isolation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • split string inverters are increasingly applied to power supply systems based on photovoltaic technology.
  • the split string inverter refers to a system composed of two machines designed separately from the DC boost device responsible for boosting and the inverter unit responsible for inverter.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a split string inverter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the split string inverter 200 includes one or more maximum power point tracking (MPPT) combiner boxes 201 and inverter units 202, and each MPPT combiner box 201 is used to connect one Photovoltaic panels.
  • Photovoltaic panels include one or more panels. Each panel can be a panel composed of photovoltaic cells.
  • multiple panels are labeled PV1 to PVN, where N is a positive value greater than or equal to 1. Integer.
  • One or more panels in each photovoltaic panel are connected in parallel.
  • Each MPPT combiner box 201 includes one or more DC/DC converters, marked as DC/DC converter 1 to DC/DC converter N in FIG. 2, and each MPPT combiner box 201 includes one or more DC/DC converters.
  • the DC converters are connected in parallel.
  • the multiple MPPT combiner boxes 201 are connected in parallel and then connected to the inverter unit.
  • the inverter unit in FIG. 2 includes one or more direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) inverters, and the one or more inverters are connected in parallel.
  • DC/AC direct current/alternating current
  • the parallel connection of multiple DC/DC converters in each MPPT combiner box 201 means that the positive bus input ends of each DC/DC converter are connected in parallel, and the negative bus input of each DC/DC converter The output ends of the positive bus of each DC/DC converter are connected in parallel, and the output ends of the negative bus of each DC/DC converter are connected in parallel.
  • an input capacitor Cin is connected between the input positive bus and the input negative bus of each MPPT combiner box 201.
  • the input capacitor Cin is used to filter the electric energy input to the multiple DC/DC converters.
  • the input positive bus bar refers to the bus bar connected to the positive bus input end of each DC/DC converter
  • the input negative bus bar refers to the bus bar connected to the negative bus input end of each DC/DC converter.
  • the fault isolation device, the DC boost device, and the inverter device involved in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to the split string inverter shown in FIG. 2.
  • MPPT combiner box 1 For the split string inverter shown in Figure 2, if the output bus of MPPT combiner box 1 is reversed, MPPT combiner box 1 is equivalent to other parallel MPPT combiner boxes 201 in series. Therefore, other MPPT combiner boxes The energy on the 201 output bus will be back-filled to the output bus of the MPPT combiner box 1, and the flow direction of the back-filled energy is shown by the arrowed line in Figure 3. At this time, for any DC/DC converter in the MPPT combiner box 1, as shown in the second DC/DC converter in the MPPT combiner box 1 in Fig.
  • the energy injected into the DC/DC converter will be Input from the negative bus terminal of the output, and output from the positive bus after passing through the two diodes in the figure, resulting in a short circuit of the DC/DC converter.
  • the diode connected in series in the DC/DC converter is turned on and bears all the short-circuit currents of other parallel MPPT combiner boxes, causing the diodes of the DC/DC converter and the power switch in parallel to overcurrent If it is damaged, if effective isolation is not possible at this time, the short-circuit current of other parallel MPPT combiner boxes may continue to be reversed to the battery board at the input end of the MPPT1 combiner box, resulting in damage to the battery board, which is harmful to the personal safety and property of the customer. Cause serious damage.
  • FIG. 4 when the related technology shown in FIG. 1 is applied to the split string converter shown in FIG. 2, another split string converter shown in FIG. 4 can be obtained.
  • a reverse diode D is arranged between the output positive bus and the output negative bus
  • a circuit breaker K is also arranged on the output positive bus.
  • the circuit breaker K also has a fuse in series.
  • the current path is shown by the arrow line segment in Figure 4, and the current will not pass through the diode D between the positive and negative bus bars. The current on it is zero and no alarm will be issued.
  • the current on the fuse is the current after multiple DC/DC converters in the MPPT combiner box are connected in parallel, and the fuse will not blow.
  • the diode D and the fuse in the MPPT combiner box 1 bear the current of all other MPPT combiner boxes. Therefore, when it is detected that there is a current on the diode D, the current path can be cut off by actively opening the circuit breaker K or by blowing the fuse to realize the fault isolation of the MPPT combiner box 1, thereby protecting other MPPT combiner boxes.
  • the input of the MPPT combiner box N is reversely connected, the input of the photovoltaic panel is short-circuited by the IGBT anti-parallel diode in the DC/DC converter, and all the input current of the photovoltaic panel flows through the IGBT anti-parallel diode, which may cause The IGBT anti-parallel diode is damaged.
  • the current in the MPPT combiner box N in Figure 7 below there is no current flowing through the diode and the fuse at this time. That is, when the input of the MPPT combiner box is reversed, the fault isolation method in the related technology will also become invalid at this time.
  • the fault isolation device provided in the embodiment of the present application can solve the problem that cannot be solved by the fault isolation method in the above related technology.
  • the fault isolation device will be explained in detail below.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault isolation device provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 8, the fault isolation device includes a controller 01 and a circuit breaker 02.
  • the controller 01 includes a control terminal, a first voltage acquisition terminal and a current acquisition terminal.
  • the control end of the controller 01 is connected to the circuit breaker 02.
  • the circuit breaker 02 is located on a bus bar connected to a DC/DC conversion unit in the power supply system.
  • the circuit breaker 02 is used to: when the circuit breaker 02 is closed, the bus bar where the circuit breaker 02 is located is turned on, or, when the circuit breaker 02 is open, the bus bar where the circuit breaker 02 is located is open. That is, the circuit breaker 02 is used to control the on and off of the bus connected to the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the first voltage collection terminal of the controller 01 is used to collect the voltage of the bus bar where the circuit breaker 02 is located, and the current collection terminal of the controller 01 is used to collect the current of the bus bar where the circuit breaker 02 is located.
  • the control terminal of the controller 01 is used to: when it is detected that the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal is negative, or when it is detected that the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal is lower than the voltage threshold and the current collected by the current collection terminal When it is higher than the current threshold, the control circuit breaker 02 is in an open state.
  • the circuit breaker 02 is located on the input bus connected to the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit as an example for illustration.
  • the circuit breaker 02 may also be located on an output bus connected to the output terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 takes the circuit breaker 02 to be located on the bus connected to the first DC/DC conversion unit as an example.
  • the bus connected to other DC/DC conversion units in FIG. 8 can also be deployed on the bus provided in the embodiment of the application.
  • the fault isolation devices are not shown one by one in Figure 8.
  • the fault isolation device shown in Figure 8 has at least the following technical effects:
  • the circuit breaker 02 Since the circuit breaker 02 is located on the bus connected to the DC/DC conversion unit in the power supply system, when the circuit breaker 02 is located on the bus connected to a certain DC/DC conversion unit, if the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal is negative When the value is set, it indicates that the input or output of the DC/DC conversion unit is reversely connected. If the control circuit breaker is opened at this time, the DC/DC conversion unit can be prevented from being connected in series with other parallel DC/DC conversion units. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent other DC/DC conversion units from backfilling energy to the DC/DC conversion unit. That is, the fault isolation device provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively isolate the fault of the input reverse connection or the output reverse connection.
  • the fault isolation device provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively isolate the short-circuit fault of the DC/DC conversion unit itself.
  • the fault isolation device is not only suitable for short-circuit faults caused by input reverse connection or output reverse connection, but also suitable for short-circuit faults caused by a short circuit in the DC/DC conversion unit itself, thereby improving Application flexibility of fault isolation device.
  • the diode used in the related technology needs to select a suitable model in advance. If the selected model is not suitable, it will easily cause the diode to be damaged when the output is reversed. When the diode is damaged, the related technology will no longer be able to isolate the fault through the diode.
  • the fault isolation device provided in this application is The reliability is also relatively high.
  • the fault isolation device shown in FIG. 8 also includes a self-locking device 03 of the circuit breaker 02.
  • the self-locking device 03 includes an input terminal and an output terminal, and the control terminal of the controller 01 includes a first control terminal.
  • the input end of the self-locking device 03 is connected to the first control end of the controller 01, and the output end of the self-locking device 03 is connected to the circuit breaker 02.
  • the first control terminal of the controller 01 is used for: when the circuit breaker is in the open state, if it is detected that the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal is negative, the first command is sent to the input terminal of the self-locking device 03, Used to indicate that the self-locking device 03 controls the circuit breaker 02 to be in a locked and disconnected state.
  • the circuit breaker 02 may not be closed after the partial connection of the power supply system is completed and before each DC/DC conversion unit is powered on. Instead, it directly detects the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal. If the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal is negative, it indicates that the input or output of the DC/DC conversion unit is reversed, and the control circuit breaker 02 is locked. In the open state, even if the subsequent circuit breaker 02 receives a closing command due to the power-on operation of the power supply system, at this time, the circuit breaker 02 cannot be switched from the open state to the closed state, thus avoiding the failure of closing the switch. The spread of failures.
  • the circuit breaker 02 can be locked in the open state, that is, the circuit breaker 02 in this application adopts a circuit breaker with a self-locking function, so that the reverse connection fault can be detected before the circuit breaker device is closed, Instead of detecting the output reverse connection failure like the related art, the output reverse connection must be detected after the circuit breaker is closed.
  • the circuit breaker device can be locked by the self-locking device to prevent the spread of the fault caused by closing the circuit breaker device in a fault condition.
  • the working principle of the self-locking device 03 is: after the self-locking device 03 locks the state of the circuit breaker, the circuit breaker 02 can only maintain the current state under any circumstances, and it is impossible to switch to other states. Only when the circuit breaker locks itself After the state 03 releases the lock on the circuit breaker, the circuit breaker 02 may perform state switching under other trigger conditions.
  • the self-locking device 03 in FIG. 9 can be realized by any structure that can realize the self-locking of the circuit breaker 02, and the specific structure of the self-locking device 03 is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the fault isolation device shown in FIG. 8 may also include a tripping device 04 of the circuit breaker trip 02, the tripping device 04 includes an input terminal and an output terminal, and the control terminal of the controller 01 includes a second control end.
  • the input end of the trip device 04 is connected to the second control end of the controller 01, and the output end of the trip device 04 is connected to the circuit breaker 02.
  • the second control terminal of the controller 01 is used to send a second command to the input terminal of the trip device 04 when it is detected that the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal is less than the voltage threshold and the collected current is lower than the current threshold. Instruct the tripping device 04 to control the circuit breaker 02 to switch from the closed state to the open state.
  • the circuit breaker is closed, and at this time, power is supplied to the grid through the power supply system.
  • the circuit breaker 02 is controlled by The closed state is switched to the open state, so as to prevent the energy of other DC/DC conversion units from flowing back into the DC/DC conversion unit, so as to realize the fault isolation of the short-circuit condition of the DC/DC conversion unit itself.
  • the trip device 04 may be an undervoltage trip device.
  • the working principle of the undervoltage trip device is: when a higher voltage is input to the undervoltage trip device, the voltage trip device can generate a sufficiently large attractive force, which can cause the circuit breaker to open. When a relatively small voltage is input to the undervoltage trip device, the voltage trip device can generate insufficient attractive force to attract the circuit breaker to open, so that the circuit breaker returns to the closed state.
  • This application does not limit the specific structure of the undervoltage trip device.
  • tripping device 04 may also be other types of tripping devices, which is also not specifically limited here.
  • the self-locking device 03 shown in FIG. 9 and the tripping device 04 shown in FIG. 10 can be deployed in the fault isolation device at the same time, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the first voltage collection terminal of the controller 01 can be used to connect the voltage detector on the bus bar where the circuit breaker 02 is located. At this time, the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal of the controller 01 is The voltage reported by the voltage detector on the bus where the circuit breaker 02 is located.
  • the current collection terminal of the controller 01 is used to connect the current detector on the bus where the circuit breaker 02 is located. At this time, the current collected by the current collection terminal of the controller 01 is reported by the current detector on the bus where the circuit breaker 02 is located. ⁇ current.
  • the original current and voltage detector in the power supply system can be used to realize the collection of voltage and current, which further reduces the cost of the fault isolation device.
  • the current collecting end of the controller 01 shown in FIG. 8 can also be used to connect a current detector deployed on each of the multiple DC/DC converters included in the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the current collected by the current collecting terminal of the controller 01 is the sum of the currents reported by the current detector on each DC/DC converter of the multiple DC/DC converters.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault isolation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the circuit breaker 02 is located on the input bus connected to the input terminal of any MPPT combiner box.
  • the input terminal of the MPPT combiner box refers to the parallel connection of the input terminals of each DC/DC inverter included in the MPPT combiner box.
  • Each MPPT combiner box is equivalent to the DC/DC conversion unit in the power supply system shown in Figure 1.
  • the input bus includes an input positive bus and an input negative bus.
  • the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal of the controller 01 is the voltage between the input positive bus and the input negative bus of the MPPT combiner box 1.
  • the process of collecting voltage at the first voltage collection terminal is as follows: a first voltage detector is arranged between the input positive bus and the input negative bus of the MPPT combiner box 1, and the first voltage detector reports the detected voltage to the voltage collection terminal of the controller .
  • the current collection terminal of the controller 01 collects the current on the input positive bus of the MPPT combiner box 1.
  • “current detection” is used to indicate that the current collection terminal collects current.
  • the process of collecting current at the current collecting terminal is as follows: a current detector is deployed on the input positive bus of the MPPT combiner box 1, and the current detector reports the detected current to the current collecting terminal of the controller 01. Among them, the first voltage detector and the current detector are not shown in FIG. 11.
  • the first control terminal of the controller 01 is connected to the self-locking device 03, and the self-locking device 03 is connected to the circuit breaker 02.
  • the second control end of the controller 01 is connected to the trip device 04, and the trip device 04 is connected to the circuit breaker 02.
  • the circuit breaker 02 may not be closed first, but the voltage collected by the first voltage collecting terminal may be detected.
  • the voltage collected by the collecting terminal is a negative value, it indicates that the input positive bus and the input negative bus of the MPPT combiner box 1 are reversely connected.
  • the circuit breaker 02 can be controlled to be in a locked open state. In this way, the MPPT combiner box N will not be connected in series with other parallel MPPT combiner boxes, thereby achieving fault isolation of the MPPT combiner box N. That is, when the fault isolation device shown in FIG. 8 is applied to the split string converter shown in FIG. 2, the fault isolation device can isolate the input reverse connection fault.
  • each DC/DC converter includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and an anti-parallel diode.
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • the second DC/DC converter in the MPPT combiner box 1 has a short-circuit fault, for example, the diode in reverse parallel with the IGBT in the DC/DC converter conducts reversely, and the input from the photovoltaic panel to the The current of the DC/DC converter will return to the output terminal of the photovoltaic panel through the reverse conducting diode, causing the IGBT to have a short-circuit fault.
  • the voltage detected by the first voltage detector drops rapidly, and the current detected by the current detector increases rapidly.
  • the voltage threshold can be marked as Vref
  • the current detector detects If the current is greater than the current threshold, the current threshold can be marked as Iref, then it is judged that the system has a short-circuit fault, and the controller 01 sends a second instruction to the undervoltage trip device 04 to control the circuit breaker 02 to trip and disconnect the short circuit. So as to prevent the spread of failure.
  • each of the multiple DC/DC converters included in the MPPT combiner box 1 is equipped with a current detector, which is not shown in FIG. These current detectors are marked with "current detection” instead.
  • the output terminal of each current detector is connected to the current collection terminal of the controller 02, and the current collected by the current collection terminal of the controller 02 at this time is the sum of the currents detected by each current detector.
  • the controller 02 If the current collecting terminal of the current collection terminal detects a sudden increase in the current detected by a current detector, it can also control the tripping of the circuit breaker device and disconnect the short circuit loop, thereby preventing the spread of the fault.
  • the controller 02 may also include a second voltage collection terminal.
  • the output positive bus and the output negative bus connected to the output terminal of the MPPT combiner box 1 are equipped with a voltage detector connected to the second voltage collection terminal of the controller 01.
  • the voltage collected by the second voltage collection terminal of the controller 01 is the voltage on the output bus connected to the MPPT combiner box 1. The value of this voltage can be used to characterize whether the output of the MPPT combiner box 1 is reversed, so as to facilitate the controller Isolate the fault of output reverse connection.
  • Figure 11 only shows the voltage detection of the output positive bus and the output negative bus in the MPPT combiner box 1.
  • Other MPPT combiners can also perform voltage detection on the output positive bus and the output negative bus.
  • Figure 11 does not constitute a test for each MPPT Limitations of combiner boxes.
  • the device further includes an auxiliary source 05.
  • the auxiliary source 05 is respectively connected with other components in the fault isolation device, and is used to supply power to other components.
  • the auxiliary source 05 can not only be used to take power from the output bus of the MPPT combiner box, but the auxiliary source can also be used to take power from the input bus of the MPPT combiner box. That is, in the embodiment of the present application, the auxiliary source is connected to the input bus connected to the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit, and the auxiliary source is also connected to the output bus connected to the output end of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • auxiliary source can operate reliably regardless of whether the input is powered or the output is powered, which can effectively improve the reliability of the auxiliary source and ensure the reliable operation of the fault isolation device.
  • the split string inverter shown in FIG. 11 when power is supplied to the auxiliary source through the input and output bidirectional power supply, for the split string inverter shown in FIG. 11, usually one MPPT combiner box is first powered on. After the first MPPT combiner box is powered on, since the outputs of each MPPT combiner box are connected in parallel, the output terminals of other MPPT combiner boxes can be used for auxiliary sources of fault isolation devices deployed in other MPPT combiner boxes. In this way, the fault isolation device in other MPPT combiner boxes can detect whether the output is reversed through the voltage detector deployed on the output bus, which further improves the flexibility of the fault isolation device.
  • the fault isolation device can be integrated in any MPPT combiner box of the split string inverter shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application also provides a DC boost device.
  • the DC boost device includes a DC/DC conversion unit in the power supply system and the fault isolation device provided in the present application; the circuit breaker in the fault isolation device is located on the bus connected to the input end of the DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit in the DC boost device can be an MPPT combiner box in FIG. 11 to FIG. 14.
  • the function of the DC boost device has been described in detail in the above-mentioned fault isolation device shown in Figs. 11 to 14, and will not be elaborated here.
  • each MPPT combiner box in the split string inverter shown in FIG. 2 is independent of each other and may be deployed in different sub-arrays, therefore, the implementation shown in any one of FIGS. 11 to 14
  • the auxiliary source and controller in each MPPT combiner box can be independent of each other, that is, each MPPT combiner box has an independent fault isolation device.
  • the circuit breaker 02 is located on the output bus connected to the output end of any MPPT combiner box, and each MPPT combiner box is equivalent to the DC/DC conversion unit in the power supply system shown in FIG. 1.
  • the output bus includes an output positive bus and an output negative bus. Take the MPPT combiner box 1 in Figure 15 to illustrate the working principle of the fault isolation device.
  • the output positive bus and the output negative bus connected to the output end of the MPPT combiner box 1 are equipped with voltage detectors.
  • the voltage detector is not shown in FIG. 15, and "voltage detection” is used to illustrate the voltage detection process of the voltage detector.
  • the first voltage collection terminal of the controller 02 is connected to the voltage detector, and the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal of the controller 02 is the voltage reported by the voltage detector, that is, the output bus connected to the MPPT combiner box 1
  • the value of this voltage can be used to characterize whether the output of the MPPT combiner box 1 is reversed.
  • a current detector is deployed on the output positive bus connected to the output terminal of the MPPT combiner box 1.
  • the current detector is not shown in FIG. 15, and "current detection” is used to illustrate the process of the current detector detecting current.
  • the current collecting terminal of the controller 02 is connected with the current detector.
  • the current collected by the current collection terminal of the controller 02 is the current reported by the current detector, that is, the current on the output bus connected to the MPPT combiner box 1.
  • the second DC/DC converter in the MPPT combiner box 1 has a short-circuit fault, for example, the diode in anti-parallel with the IGBT in the DC/DC converter and the diode in series are both reversely conducted, and the second DC/DC converter A short-circuit fault will occur on the output side of the DC converter.
  • the voltage collected by the first voltage collection terminal of the controller 01 drops rapidly, and the current collected by the current collection terminal of the controller 01 increases rapidly.
  • the current collection terminal collects If the current is greater than the current threshold, it is judged that the system has a short-circuit fault, and the controller sends a second instruction to the tripping device 04 to control the tripping of the circuit breaker and disconnect the short-circuit loop, thereby preventing the spread of the fault.
  • the fault isolation device may also include an auxiliary source.
  • the auxiliary sources are respectively connected with other components to supply power to other components.
  • the auxiliary source is not only connected to the power grid of the power supply system, but also connected to the bus bar connected to the input end of the inverter unit in the power supply system, so that the auxiliary source can not only take power from the power grid of the power supply system , You can also get power from the bus connected to the input end of the inverter unit in the power supply system.
  • the split string inverter shown in Figure 15 since the voltages input to the inverter unit from each MMPT box are usually different, the current input from each MMPT combiner box to the inverter unit is rectified and then supplied to the auxiliary source. .
  • the fault isolation device may be integrated in the inverter device of the split string inverter shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application also provides an inverter device.
  • the inverter device includes an inverter unit and the fault isolation device provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the input end of the inverter unit is used to connect one or more DC/DC conversion units in the power supply system, and the circuit breaker in the fault isolation device is located on the bus bar connected to the output end of any DC/DC conversion unit.
  • the inverter unit may be the inverter unit of the split string inverter shown in FIG. 2.
  • the DC/DC conversion unit may be any MPPT combiner box in the split string inverter shown in FIG. 2.
  • the fault isolation device when the fault isolation device is integrated into the inverter unit of the split string inverter shown in Figure 2, since the inverter unit is usually deployed in a computer room, it is deployed in the same MPPT.
  • Each fault isolation device on the bus bar connected to the output end of the combiner box can share the same auxiliary source and the same controller to save the hardware cost of the fault isolation device.
  • the circuit breaker includes a first circuit breaker, and the first circuit breaker is used to connect the positive bus.
  • the circuit breaker device may further include a second circuit breaker, which is used to connect the negative bus. That is, in this application, the circuit breaker used for fault isolation can be deployed on the positive bus or on the negative bus, both of which can achieve fault isolation.
  • the single-side deployed circuit breaker of the bus can also disconnect the current, there may still be connections at both ends, and the back end is still live, which may not achieve complete fault isolation. Therefore, the circuit breaker 02 can also be deployed on the positive bus and at the same time.
  • the embodiment of the application does not specifically limit this.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种故障隔离装置、直流升压装置及逆变装置，属于电源技术领域。该故障隔离装置包括控制器和断路器。当将断路器位于与某个DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上，如果第一电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，表明该DC/DC变换单元输入或输出发生了反接，此时，控制断路器断开，就可以避免该DC/DC变换单元与其他并联的DC/DC变换单元串联在一起。如果第一电压采集端采集的电压较低，电流采集端采集的电流较大，表明该DC/DC变换单元自身发生了短路，此时，控制断路器断开同样可以避免与该DC/DC变换单元串联的其他组件向该DC/DC变换单元的反灌能量。

Description

故障隔离装置、直流升压装置及逆变装置
本申请要求于2019年08月01日提交的申请号为201910707048.9、发明名称为“故障隔离装置、直流升压装置及逆变装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光伏技术领域，特别涉及一种故障隔离装置、直流升压装置及逆变装置。
背景技术
在基于光伏技术的供电系统中，光伏电池产生的直流电先通过直流升压装置进行升压，然后再通过逆变单元转换为交流电，之后将转换后的交流电发送至电网。其中，直流升压装置通常是由多个直流/直流(direct current/direct current，DC/DC)变换单元并联组成，如果任一DC/DC变换单元发生故障，可能导致其他DC/DC变换单元的能量向该DC/DC变换单元反灌，从而引起其他DC/DC变换单元也发生连锁故障，因此，需要研究一种故障隔离装置来隔离发生故障的DC/DC变换单元。
相关技术中，如图1所示，每个DC/DC变换单元的输出正母线和输出负母线之间连接有反向的二极管D，输出正母线上还串联有断路器K和保险丝。以第一个DC/DC变换单元举例说明，当输出正母线和输出负母线正常工作时，二极管D处于反向截止状态，电流通过断路器K和保险丝进入逆变单元。当输出正母线和输出负母线被反接时，也即是，输出正母线连接至逆变单元的负母线输入端，输出负母线连接至逆变单元的正母线输入端。此时，其他DC/DC变换单元的能量将会向第一个DC/DC变换单元反灌，反灌能量的流向如图1中带箭头的线条指示的方向所示，致使二极管D处于导通状态，从而导致第一个DC/DC变换单元发生短路故障。因此，如果检测到二极管D上有电流，则主动断开断路器K，从而避免其他DC/DC变换单元的能量向第一个DC/DC变换单元反灌，以实现对第一个DC/DC变换单元的故障隔离。另外，在发生图1所示的短路故障时，第一个DC/DC变换单元的输出正母线上的电流将急剧上升，此时保险丝将发生熔断，同样可以实现对第一个DC/DC变换单元的故障隔离。
图1是通过每个DC/DC变换单元的输出正母线和输出负母线上的二极管D和断路器K，或者，二极管D和保险丝来实现对DC/DC变换单元的故障隔离的，这种故障隔离的方式通常应用于由于DC/DC变换单元的输出发生反接而导致的短路故障，对于其他的原因导致的短路故障无法有效进行故障隔离，因此，导致该故障隔离方式应用灵活性较低。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种故障隔离装置、直流升压装置及逆变装置，可以提高该故障隔离装置的应用灵活性。所述技术方案如下：
第一方面，提供了一种故障隔离装置，该装置包括控制器和断路器。控制器包括控制端、第一电压采集端和电流采集端，控制器的控制端与断路器连接。
断路器位于与供电系统中的一个DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上，断路器用于：当断路器闭合时断路器所在的母线接通，或者，当断路器断开时断路器所在的母线断开。
控制器的第一电压采集端用于采集断路器所在的母线的电压，控制器的电流采集端用于采集断路器所在的母线的电流。控制器的控制端用于：在检测到第一电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，或者，在检测到第一电压采集端采集的电压低于电压阈值、且电流采集端采集的电流高于电流阈值时，控制断路器处于断开状态。
本申请提供的故障隔离装置至少具有如下的技术效果：
第一，由于断路器位于与供电系统中一个DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上，如果第一电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，表明此时该DC/DC变换单元输入或输出发生了反接，若此时控制断路器断开，就可以避免该DC/DC变换单元与其他并联的DC/DC变换单元串联在一起，从而可以有效避免其他DC/DC变换单元向该DC/DC变换单元反灌能量。也即是，本申请实施例提供的故障隔离装置可以有效地对该DC/DC变换单元的输入反接或输出反接进行故障隔离。
第二，如果第一电压采集端采集的电压较低，电流采集端采集的电流较大，表明该DC/DC变换单元自身发生了短路，此时，控制断路器断开同样可以避免与该DC/DC变换单元串联的其他组件向该DC/DC变换单元的反灌能量。因此，本申请实施例提供的故障隔离装置还可以有效地对DC/DC变换单元自身的短路故障进行故障隔离，从而提高了故障隔离的应用灵活性。
第三，在本申请中，当需要对DC/DC变换单元进行故障隔离时，只需要在原有的供电系统中与该DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上部署一个断路器，即可通过控制器实现对该DC/DC变换单元的故障隔离。但是相关技术为了实现故障隔离需要同时部署断路器和二极管，或者二极管与保险丝，显然，本申请提供的故障隔离装置无需在供电系统中部署额外的二极管，也无需使用保险丝，从而降低了对原有供电系统进行改造的成本。
第四，相关技术中使用的二极管需要预先选择合适的型号，如果选择的型号不合适，将很容易导致在发生输出反接时，该二极管损坏。在二极管损坏时，相关技术中将无法再通过二极管进行故障隔离。但是，本申请中无需通过二极管来检测故障，而是直接根据控制器采集的电压或电流来检测故障，只要能够采集到母线的电压和电流就可以实现故障隔离，因此，本申请提供的故障隔离装置的可靠性也比较高。
在一种可能的示例中，该装置还包括断路器的自锁装置，自锁装置包括输入端和输出端，控制器的控制端包括第一控制端。自锁装置的输入端与控制器的第一控制端连接，自锁装置的输出端与断路器连接。
控制器的第一控制端用于：在断路器处于断开状态时，当检测到第一电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，向自锁装置的输入端下发第一指令，用于指示自锁装置控制断路器处于锁定断开状态。
在本申请中，通过断路器的自锁功能，可以实现在断路器闭合前就检测到输入反接或输出反接故障，防止故障情况下闭合断路器造成的故障扩散。
在一种可能的示例中，该装置还包括断路器的脱扣装置，脱扣装置包括输入端和输出端，控制器的控制端包括第二控制端。脱扣装置的输入端与控制器的第二控制端连接，脱扣装置的输出端与断路器连接。
控制器的第二控制端具体用于：当检测到第一电压采集端采集的电压低于电压阈值、且电流采集端采集的电流高于电流阈值时，向脱扣装置的输入端发送第二指令，用于指示脱扣装置控制断路器由闭合状态切换为断开状态。
在检测到DC/DC变换单元自身的短路故障时，断路器是处于闭合状态的。因此，这种故障情况下可以通过脱扣装置来实现断路器由闭合状态切换为断开状态。
在一种可能的示例中，控制器的第一电压采集端用于连接部署在断路器所在的母线上的电压检测器。控制器的第一电压采集端采集的电压为断路器所在的母线上的电压检测器上报的电压。
在一种可能的示例中，控制器的电流采集端用于连接部署在断路器所在的母线上的电流检测器；
控制器的电流采集端采集的电流为断路器所在的母线上的电流检测器上报的电流。
在一种可能的示例中，控制器的电流采集端用于连接部署在DC/DC变换单元包括的多个DC/DC变换器中每个DC/DC变换器上的电流检测器；
控制器的电流采集端采集的电流为多个DC/DC变换器中每个DC/DC变换器上的电流检测器上报的电流之和。
由于原有供电系统中各个线路中已经部署有电流电压检测器，因此，本申请可以利用供电系统中原有的电流电压检测器来获取电流电压，进一步降低了故障隔离装置的成本。
在一种可能的示例中，断路器位于与DC/DC变换单元的输入端连接的输入母线上。
在本申请中，断路器具体可以部署在DC/DC变换单元的输入侧，用于对该DC/DC变换单元的输入反接和DC/DC变换单元短路进行故障隔离。
在一种可能的示例中，控制器还包括第二电压采集端。第二电压采集端用于采集与DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的输出母线的电压。控制器的控制端还用于：在检测到第二电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，控制断路器处于断开状态。
当断路器具体部署在DC/DC变换单元的输入侧时，此时还可以采集在DC/DC变换单元的输出侧的电压，此时，故障隔离装置可以同时实现对输入反接、输出反接和短路的故障隔离。
在一种可能的示例中，该装置还包括辅助源；
辅助源分别与故障隔离装置中的其他组件连接，用于向其他组件供电；
辅助源用于连接与该DC/DC变换单元的输入端连接的输入母线；辅助源还用于连接与该DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的输出母线。
当断路器具体部署在DC/DC变换单元的输入侧时，可以将该故障隔离装置集成在DC/DC变换单元的内部，此时，辅助源就可以从DC/DC变换单元的输入侧或者输出侧双向取电，从而保证了故障隔离装置的工作稳定性。
在一种可能的示例中，断路器位于与DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的输出母线上。
在本申请中，断路器具体可以部署在DC/DC变换单元的输出侧，用于对该DC/DC变换单元的输出反接和DC/DC变换单元短路进行故障隔离。
在一种可能的示例中，该装置还包括辅助源。辅助源分别与故障隔离装置中的其他组件连接，用于向其他组件供电。该辅助源用于连接供电系统的电网。该辅助源还用于连接与供电系统中的逆变单元输入端连接的母线。
当断路器具体部署在DC/DC变换单元的输出侧时，可以将该故障隔离装置集成在与DC/DC变换单元的输出侧连接的逆变单元中，此时，辅助源可以从逆变单元的输入侧或者输出侧电网双向取电，从而保证了故障隔离装置的工作稳定性。
另一方面，提供了一种直流升压装置。该直流升压装置包括供电系统中的一个DC/DC变换单元、以及上述任一方面所述的故障隔离装置。故障隔离装置中的断路器位于与DC/DC变换单元的输入端连接的母线上。
在本申请中，可以将上述任一所述的该故障隔离装置集成在DC/DC变换单元的内部，以实现对DC/DC变换单元的故障隔离。
另一方面，提供了一种逆变装置，该逆变装置包括逆变单元、以及上述任一方面所述的故障隔离装置。逆变单元的输入端用于连接供电系统中的一个或多个DC/DC变换单元，故障隔离装置中的断路器位于与任一DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的母线上。
在本申请中，还可以将上述任一所述的该故障隔离装置集成在逆变单元的内部，同样可以实现对DC/DC变换单元的故障隔离。
附图说明
图1是相关技术提供的一种故障隔离方式示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种分体式组串逆变器的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种输出反接的故障示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种分体式组串逆变器的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种输出反接的故障示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种DC/DC变换器发生短路故障的示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种输入反接的故障示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种故障隔离装置的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种故障隔离装置的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的另一种故障隔离装置的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供另一种故障隔离装置的结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供另一种故障隔离装置的结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供另一种故障隔离装置的结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供另一种故障隔离装置的结构示意图；
图15是本申请实施例提供另一种故障隔离装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
在对本申请实施例提供的故障隔离装置进行解释说明之前，先对本申请实施例涉及的应用场景进行解释说明。
随着光伏技术的发展，分体式组串逆变器被越来越多地应用到基于光伏技术的供电系统中。分体式组串逆变器是指将负责升压的直流升压装置和负责逆变的逆变单元分开设计成两个机器所组成的系统。图2是本申请实施例提供的一种分体式组串逆变器的结构示意图。如图2所示，分体式组串逆变器200包括一个或多个最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking，MPPT)汇流箱201和逆变单元202，每个MPPT汇流箱201用于连接一个光伏电池板，光伏电池板包括一个或多个电池板，每个电池板可以为光伏电池组成的电池板，图2中将多个电池板标记为PV1至PVN，N为大于或等于1的正整数。每个光伏电池板中的一个或多个电池板并联。每个MPPT汇流箱201包括一个或多个DC/DC变换器，图2中标记为DC/DC变换器1至DC/DC变换器N，且每个MPPT汇流箱201中一个或多个DC/DC变换器并联连接。多个MPPT汇流箱201并联之后与逆变单元连接。图2中的逆变单元包括一个或多个直流/交流(direct current/alternating current，DC/AC)逆变器，这一个或多个逆变器并联连接。为了便于说明，将图2中的正母线和负母线分别采用不同的线型来区分。
如图2所示，每个MPPT汇流箱201中多个DC/DC变换器并联连接是指：各个DC/DC变换器的正母线输入端并联在一起，各个DC/DC变换器的负母线输入端并联在一起；各个DC/DC变换器的正母线输出端并联在一起，各个DC/DC变换器的负母线输出端并联在一起。
另外，如图2所示，每个MPPT汇流箱201的输入正母线和输入负母线之间连接有输入电容Cin。输入电容Cin用于对输入至多个DC/DC变换器的电能进行滤波。输入正母线是指与各个DC/DC变换器的正母线输入端均连接的母线，输入负母线是指与各个DC/DC变换器的负母线输入端均连接的母线。
本申请实施例涉及的故障隔离装置、直流升压装置以及逆变装置就可以应用于图2所示的分体式组串逆变器中。
对于图2所示的分体式组串逆变器，如果MPPT汇流箱1的输出母线被反接，MPPT汇流箱1相当于与其他并联的MPPT汇流箱201串联在一起，因此，其他MPPT汇流箱201输出母线上的能量将向MPPT汇流箱1的输出母线上反灌，反灌能量的流动方向如图3中带箭头的线条所示。此时，对于MPPT汇流箱1中的任一DC/DC变换器，如图3中MPPT汇流箱1中的第二个DC/DC变换器所示，反灌至该DC/DC变换器能量将从输出负母线端输入，通过图中的两个二极管之后从输出正母线输出，从而导致该DC/DC变换器短路。该DC/DC变换器短路时，该DC/DC变换器中串联的二极管导通，且承受其他并联的MPPT汇流箱全部的短路电流，致使该DC/DC变换器与功率开关并联的二极管过流损坏，若此时不能进行有效的隔离，则其他并联MPPT汇流箱的短路电流可能会继续反罐到与MPPT1汇流箱的输入端的电池板中，从而致使该电池板损坏，对客户人身安全及财产造成严重损坏。
另外，当图1所示的相关技术应用在图2所示的分体式组串变器中时，可以得到图4所示的另一种分体式组串变器。如图4所示，每个MPPT汇流箱201中多个DC/DC变换器并 联之后的输出正母线和输出负母线之间部署有一个反向二极管D，输出正母线上还部署有断路器K，断路器K还串联一个保险丝。对于任一MPPT汇流箱201，如图4所示，当该MPPT汇流箱201正常工作时，电流路径如图4中箭头线段所示，电流不会经过正负母线之间的二极管D，二极管D上的电流为零，不会告警。保险丝上的电流为MPPT汇流箱中多个DC/DC变换器并联之后的电流，保险丝不会熔断。
以MPPT汇流箱举例说明。当MPPT汇流箱1的输出接反时，也即是，该MPPT汇流箱1的输出正母线连接至逆变单元的负母线输入端，输出负母线连接至逆变单元的正母线输入端，此时，二极管D处于导通状态，该MPPT汇流箱1发生短路故障，其他该MPPT汇流箱的能量将会向该MPPT汇流箱1反灌，图5中箭头的线条用于指示反灌能量的流动方向，如此MPPT汇流箱1的正母线上的电流将急剧上升。如图5所示，MPPT汇流箱1中的二极管D及保险丝上承受所有其他MPPT汇流箱的电流。因此，当检测到二极管D上有电流时，可以通过主动断开断路器K，或者通过保险丝熔断，将电流路径切断，以实现对MPPT汇流箱1的故障隔离，从而保护其他的MPPT汇流箱。
在图4所示的分体式组串变器中，对于任一MPPT汇流箱，假设为MPPT汇流箱N，如果MPPT汇流箱N中的某个DC/DC变换器发生短路故障，假设为第二个DC/DC变换器发生短路故障，MPPT汇流箱N中其他的DC/DC变换器的电流会全部集中到这个DC/DC变换器上，也会造成故障的扩散。如图6中MPPT汇流箱N中电流所示，此时二极管及保险丝上均没有电流。也即是，当MPPT汇流箱中的某个DC/DC变换器发生短路故障时，此时相关技术中的故障隔离方式将会失效。
另外，如果MPPT汇流箱N的输入发生反接，光伏电池板的输入被DC/DC变换器中的IGBT反并联二极管短路，光伏电池板的输入的电流全部流过IGBT反并联二极管，进而可能造成IGBT反并联二极管的损坏。如下图7中MPPT汇流箱N中电流所示，此时二极管及保险丝上也均没有电流流过。也即是，当MPPT汇流箱的输入反接时，此时相关技术中的故障隔离方式也会失效。
本申请实施例提供的故障隔离装置可以解决上述相关技术中的故障隔离方式无法解决的问题。下面将对该故障隔离装置进行详细解释说明。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种故障隔离装置的结构示意图。如图8所示，该故障隔离装置包括控制器01和断路器02。
控制器01包括控制端、第一电压采集端和电流采集端。控制器01的控制端与断路器02连接。
其中，断路器02位于与供电系统中的一个DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上。断路器02用于：当断路器02闭合时断路器02所在的母线接通，或者，当断路器02断开时，断路器02所在的母线断开。也即是，通过断路器02来控制与DC/DC变换单元连接的母线的接通和断开。
控制器01的第一电压采集端用于采集断路器02所在的母线的电压，控制器01的电流采集端用于采集断路器02所在的母线的电流。
控制器01的控制端用于：在检测到第一电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，或者，在检测到第一电压采集端采集的电压低于电压阈值、且电流采集端采集的电流高于电流阈值时，控 制断路器02处于断开状态。
图8中以断路器02位于与DC/DC变换单元的输入端连接的输入母线上为例进行说明。断路器02还可以位于与DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的输出母线上，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
另外，图8中以将断路器02位于与第一个DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上举例说明，图8中的其他DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上也可以部署本申请实施例提供的故障隔离装置，在图8中就不再一一示出。
图8所示的故障隔离装置至少具有如下技术效果：
由于断路器02位于与供电系统中DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上，因此，当断路器02位于与某个DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上，如果第一电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，表明此时该DC/DC变换单元输入或输出发生了反接，若此时控制断路器断开，就可以避免该DC/DC变换单元与其他并联的DC/DC变换单元串联在一起，从而可以有效避免其他DC/DC变换单元向该DC/DC变换单元反灌能量。也即是，本申请实施例提供的故障隔离装置可以有效地对输入反接或输出反接进行故障隔离。
如果第一电压采集端采集的电压较低，电流采集端采集的电流较大，表明该DC/DC变换单元自身发生了短路，此时，控制断路器断开可以避免与该DC/DC变换单元串联的其他组件向该DC/DC变换单元的反灌能量。也即是，本申请实施例提供的故障隔离装置可以有效地对DC/DC变换单元自身的短路故障进行故障隔离。
也即是，在本申请中，该故障隔离装置不仅适用于由于输入反接或输出反接导致的短路故障，也适用于由于DC/DC变换单元自身发生了短路导致的短路故障，从而提高了故障隔离装置的应用灵活性。
另外，当需要对DC/DC变换单元进行故障隔离时，只需要在原有的供电系统中与DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上部署一个断路器，然后即可通过控制器实现对该DC/DC变换单元的故障隔离。但是相关技术为了实现故障隔离需要同时部署断路器和二极管，或者二极管与保险丝，显然，本申请提供的故障隔离装置无需在供电系统中部署额外的二极管，也无需使用保险丝，从而降低了对原有供电系统进行改造的成本。
另外，相关技术中使用的二极管需要预先选择合适的型号，如果选择的型号不合适，将很容易导致在发生输出反接时，该二极管损坏。在二极管损坏时，相关技术中将无法再通过二极管进行故障隔离。但是，本申请中无需通过二极管来检测故障，而是直接根据控制器采集的电压或电流来检测故障，只要能够检测到电压和电流就可以实现故障隔离，因此，本申请提供的故障隔离装置的可靠性也比较高。
由于DC/DC变换单元的输入反接或输出反接时，即使断路器02没有闭合，DC/DC变换单元的母线上的电压也为负，因此，在本申请实施例中，如图9所示，图8所示的故障隔离装置还包括断路器02的自锁装置03，自锁装置03包括输入端和输出端，控制器01的控制端包括第一控制端。如图9所示，自锁装置03的输入端与控制器01的第一控制端连接，自锁装置03的输出端与断路器02连接。控制器01的第一控制端用于：在断路器处于断开状态时，如果检测到第一电压采集端端采集的电压为负值，向自锁装置03的输入端下发第一指令，用于指示自锁装置03控制断路器02处于锁定断开状态。
对于图9所示的故障隔离装置，可以在供电系统的部分连线完成之后，各个DC/DC变换单元上电之前，先不闭合断路器02。而是直接检测第一电压采集端采集的电压，如果第一电压采集端采集的电压为负值，表明当前该DC/DC变换单元输入或输出发生了反接，此时控制断路器02处于锁定断开状态，如此，即使后续断路器02由于供电系统的上电操作而接收到闭合指令，此时，断路器02也无法由断开状态切换为闭合状态，从而避免了故障情况下闭合开关造成的故障扩散。
由于断路器02可以锁定处于断开状态，也即是，本申请中的断路器02采用的是带有自锁功能的断路器，如此可以在断路器装置闭合之前就能够检测到反接故障，而不是像相关技术那样必须在断路器闭合之后才能检测到输出反接的故障。并且能够通过自锁装置将断路器装置锁死，防止故障情况下闭合断路器装置造成的故障扩散。
自锁装置03的工作原理为：在自锁装置03锁定断路器的状态后，该断路器02无论在什么情况下，只可能保持当前状态，不可能切换到其他状态，只有在断路器自锁状态03释放对断路器的锁定后，该断路器02才可能在其他触发条件下进行状态切换。
图9中的自锁装置03可以通过任何能够实现断路器02自锁的结构来实现，本申请实施例对自锁装置03的具体结构不做具体限定。
由于DC/DC变换单元自身发生短路故障时，需要通过与DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上的电压和电流综合判断，因此，只能在断路器02处于闭合状态的情况下检测到DC/DC变换单元自身发生短路故障。相应地，如图10所示，图8所示的故障隔离装置还可以包括断路器脱02的扣装置04，脱扣装置04包括输入端和输出端，控制器01的控制端包括第二控制端。
脱扣装置04的输入端与控制器01的第二控制端连接，脱扣装置04的输出端与断路器02连接。
控制器01的第二控制端用于：在检测到第一电压采集端采集的电压小于电压阈值、且采集的电流低于电流阈值时，向脱扣装置04的输入端发送第二指令，用于指示脱扣装置04控制断路器02由闭合状态切换为断开状态。
对于图10所示的故障隔离装置，在供电系统的各个部分连线完成之后，闭合断路器，此时，通过供电系统向电网供电。在检测第一电压采集端采集的电压下降到较低值，电流采集端采集的电流上升到较高值时，表明当前该DC/DC变换单元自身发生了短路故障，此时控制断路器02由闭合状态切换为断开状态，从而避免其他DC/DC变换单元的能量向该DC/DC变换单元反灌，以实现对DC/DC变换单元自身发生短路情况的故障隔离。
其中，脱扣装置04可以为欠压脱扣装置。该欠压脱扣装置的工作原理为：当向欠压脱扣装置输入一个较高的电压时，电压脱扣装置能够产生足够大的吸引力，该吸引力可以使得断路器断开。当向欠压脱扣装置输入一个较小的电压时，电压脱扣装置能够产生吸引力不够大，无法吸引断路器断开，从而使得断路器回复到闭合状态。本申请对该欠压脱扣装置的具体结构不做限定。
另外，脱扣装置04也可以为其他类型的脱扣装置，在此同样不做具体限定。
上述图9所示的自锁装置03和图10所示的脱扣装置04可以同时部署在故障隔离装置中，在此就不再详细阐述。
另外，对于供电系统中的任一DC/DC变换单元，该DC/DC变换单元输入、输出母线上均部署有电压检测器和电流检测器，以实现对该DC/DC变换单元的实时监控。因此，在本申请实施例中，控制器01的第一电压采集端可以用于连接断路器02所在的母线上的电压检测器，此时，控制器01的第一电压采集端采集的电压为断路器02所在的母线上的电压检测器上报的电压。
另外，控制器01的电流采集端用于连接断路器02所在的母线上的电流检测器，此时，控制器01的电流采集端采集的电流为断路器02所在的母线上的电流检测器上报的电流。
也即是，在本申请实施例中，可以利用供电系统中原有的电流电压检测器实现对电压和电流的采集，进一步降低了故障隔离装置的成本。
另外，在原有的供电系统中，对于任一DC/DC变换单元，该DC/DC变换单元包括的多个DC/DC变换器中每个DC/DC变换器上也部署有电流检测器。因此，图8所示的控制器01的电流采集端还可以用于连接部署在该DC/DC变换单元包括的多个DC/DC变换器中每个DC/DC变换器上的电流检测器。此时，控制器01的电流采集端采集的电流为多个DC/DC变换器中每个DC/DC变换器上的电流检测器上报的电流之和。
下面结合图2所示的分体式组串变器对本申请实施例提供的故障隔离装置进一步进行解释说明。
图11是本申请实施例提供一种故障隔离装置的结构示意图。如图11所示，断路器02位于与任一MPPT汇流箱的输入端连接的输入母线上，MPPT汇流箱的输入端是指MPPT汇流箱包括的各个DC/DC逆变器的输入端并联之后的一端。每个MPPT汇流箱相当于图1所示的供电系统中的DC/DC变换单元。如图11所示，该输入母线包括输入正母线和输入负母线。
如图11中的MPPT汇流箱1所示，控制器01的第一电压采集端采集的电压是MPPT汇流箱1的输入正母线和输入负母线之间的电压，在图11中采用“电压检测”来示意第一电压采集端采集电压。第一电压采集端采集电压的过程为：MPPT汇流箱1的输入正母线和输入负母线之间部署有第一电压检测器，第一电压检测器将检测的电压上报给控制器的电压采集端。控制器01的电流采集端采集的是MPPT汇流箱1的输入正母线上的电流，在图11中采用“电流检测”来示意电流采集端采集电流。电流采集端采集电流的过程为：MPPT汇流箱1的输入正母线上部署有电流检测器，电流检测器将检测电流上报给控制器01的电流采集端。其中，图11中未示出第一电压检测器和电流检测器。
另外，如图11所示，控制器01的第一控制端与自锁装置03连接，自锁装置03与断路器02连接。控制器01的第二控制端与脱扣装置04连接，脱扣装置04与断路器02连接。
如图12中的MPPT汇流箱N所示，在将该MPPT汇流箱N与光伏电池板连接之后，可以先不闭合断路器02，而是检测第一电压采集端采集的电压，当第一电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，表明该MPPT汇流箱1的输入正母线和输入负母线被反接了，此时，便可控制断路器02处于锁定断开状态。这样，MPPT汇流箱N不会与其他并联的MPPT汇流箱串联，从而实现该MPPT汇流箱N的故障隔离。也即是，当将图8所示的故障隔离装置应用于图2所示的分体式组串变器中时，该故障隔离装置可以对输入反接这种故障进行隔离。
如图13所示，每个DC/DC变换器包括一个绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor，IGBT)和一个反向并联的二极管。当MPPT汇流箱1中的第二个DC/DC变换器发生短路故障，比如，与该DC/DC变换器中的IGBT反向并联的二极管反向导通，此时从光伏电池板输入至该个DC/DC变换器的电流将通过反向导通的二极管返回至光伏电池板的输出端，导致该IGBT将发生短路故障。此时，第一电压检测器检测的电压急速下降，电流检测器检测到的电流急速升高，当第一电压检测器检测到电压下降到电压阈值，电压阈值可以标记为Vref，电流检测器检测的电流大于电流阈值，电流阈值可以标记为Iref，则判断为系统出现短路故障，控制器01向欠压脱扣装置04下发第二指令，以控制断路器02脱扣，断开短路回路，从而防止故障的扩散。
另外，如图14中的MPPT汇流箱1所示，MPPT汇流箱1包括的多个DC/DC变换器中每个DC/DC变换器上均部署有电流检测器，在图14中未示出这些电流检测器，而是采用“电流检测”进行标记。每个电流检测器的输出端均与控制器02的电流采集端连接，此时控制器02的电流采集端采集的电流为各个电流检测器检测的电流之和。
另外，在图14所示的MPPT汇流箱1中，如果某个电流检测器检测的电流突然增大，该电流检测器所串联的DC/DC变换器也有可能发生短路，因此，如果控制器02的电流采集端采集到某个电流检测器检测的电流突然增大，同样可以控制断路器装置脱扣，断开短路回路，从而防止故障的扩散。
另外，如图11中的MPPT汇流箱1所示，与MPPT汇流箱1的输出端连接的输出正母线和输出负母线上部署有电压检测器，在图11中未示出该电压检测器，而是采用输出正母线和输出负母线上的“电压检测”进行标记。因此，控制器02还可以包括第二电压采集端。与MPPT汇流箱1的输出端连接的输出正母线和输出负母线上部署有电压检测器与控制器01的第二电压采集端连接。控制器01的第二电压采集端采集的电压为与MPPT汇流箱1连接的输出母线上的电压，该电压的数值可以用于表征MPPT汇流箱1的输出是否被反接了，以便于控制器对输出反接这种故障进行隔离。
图11中仅仅在MPPT汇流箱1中示出输出正母线和输出负母线的电压检测，其他MPPT汇流箱同样可以在输出正母线和输出负母线上进行电压检测，图11并不构成对各个MPPT汇流箱的限定。
对于图11至图14任一所示的故障隔离装置，如图11至图14中的MPPT汇流箱1所示，该装置还包括辅助源05。辅助源05分别与故障隔离装置中的其他组件连接，用于向其他组件供电。
为了保证辅助源05的供电可靠性。如图11至图14所示，辅助源05不仅可以用于从与MPPT汇流箱的输出母线上取电，辅助源还可以用于从与MPPT汇流箱的输入母线上取电。也即是，在本申请实施例中，辅助源和与DC/DC变换单元的输入端连接的输入母线连接，辅助源还和与DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的输出母线连接。相当于通过输入输出双向取电的方式给辅助源供电，这样无论输入有电、还是输出有电，辅助源都能够可靠运行，可以有效 提高辅助源的可靠性，保证故障隔离装置的可靠工作。
另外，当通过输入输出双向取电的方式给辅助源供电时，对于图11所示的分体式组串逆变器，通常是先给的一个MPPT汇流箱进行上电。在对第一个MPPT汇流箱上电之后，由于各个MPPT汇流箱的输出并联在一起，因此，其他MPPT汇流箱的输出端是可以向部署在其他MPPT汇流箱中的故障隔离装置的辅助源进行供电的，如此，其他MPPT汇流箱中的故障隔离装置便可通过输出母线上部署的电压检测器来检测输出是否反接，进一步提高了故障隔离装置的灵活性。
在上述图11至图14所示的实施例中，故障隔离装置可以集成在图2所示的分体式组串逆变器的任一MPPT汇流箱中。因此，本申请实施例还提供了一种直流升压装置。直流升压装置包括供电系统中的一个DC/DC变换单元、以及本申请提供的故障隔离装置；该故障隔离装置中的断路器位于与该DC/DC变换单元的输入端连接的母线上。
直流升压装置中的DC/DC变换单元可以为图11至图14中一个MPPT汇流箱。该直流升压装置的功能在上述图11至图14所示的故障隔离装置中已经进行了详细说明，在此就不展开阐述了。
另外，由于图2所示的分体式组串逆变器中的各个MPPT汇流箱是相互独立的，且可能部署在不同的子阵中，因此，在图11至图14任一所示的实施例中，各个MPPT汇流箱中的辅助源和控制器可以相互独立，也即是，每个MPPT汇流箱中的有一套独立的故障隔离装置。
另外，如图15所示，断路器02位于与任一MPPT汇流箱的输出端连接的输出母线上，每个MPPT汇流箱相当于图1所示的供电系统中的DC/DC变换单元。如图15所示，该输出母线包括输出正母线和输出负母线。以图15中的MPPT汇流箱1对故障隔离装置的工作原理进行举例说明。
如图15中的MPPT汇流箱1所示，与MPPT汇流箱1的输出端连接的输出正母线和输出负母线上部署有电压检测器。在图15中未示出该电压检测器，采用“电压检测”来示意该电压检测器检测电压的过程。控制器02的第一电压采集端与该电压检测器连接，控制器02的第一电压采集端采集的电压为该电压检测器上报的电压，也即是为与MPPT汇流箱1连接的输出母线上的电压，该电压的数值可以用于表征MPPT汇流箱1的输出是否被反接了。
如图15中的MPPT汇流箱1所示，与MPPT汇流箱箱1的输出端连接的输出正母线上部署有电流检测器。在图15中未示出电流检测器，采用“电流检测”来示意该电流检测器检测电流的过程。控制器02的电流采集端与电流检测器连接。控制器02的电流采集端采集的电流为该电流检测器上报的电流，也即是为与MPPT汇流箱1连接的输出母线上的电流。
当MPPT汇流箱1中的第二个DC/DC变换器发生短路故障，比如，与该DC/DC变换器中的IGBT反向并联的二极管和串联的二极管均反向导通，第二个DC/DC变换器的输出侧将发生短路故障。此时，控制器01的第一电压采集端采集的电压急速下降，控制器01的电流采集端采集的电流急速升高，当第一电压采集端采集的电压下降到电压阈值，电流采集端采集的电流大于电流阈值，则判断为系统出现短路故障，控制器向脱扣装置04下发第二指令，以控制断路器脱扣，断开短路回路，从而防止故障的扩散。
如图15所示，该故障隔离装置同样可以包括辅助源。辅助源分别与其他组件连接，用于向其他组件供电。此时，如图15所示，辅助源不仅和供电系统的电网连接，还和与供电系统中的逆变单元输入端连接的母线连接，以使辅助源不仅可以从供电系统的电网中取电，还可以从与供电系统中的逆变单元输入端连接的母线上取电。对于图15所示的分体式组串逆变器，由于各个MMPT箱输入至逆变单元中的电压通常不同，因此将各个MMPT汇流箱输入至逆变单元中的电流进行整流之后给辅助源供电。
在上述图15所示实施例中，故障隔离装置可以集成在图2所示的分体式组串逆变器的逆变装置中。因此，本申请实施例还提供了一种逆变装置。逆变装置包括包括逆变单元、以及本申请实施例提供的故障隔离装置。该逆变单元的输入端用于连接供电系统中的一个或多个DC/DC变换单元，该故障隔离装置中的断路器位于与任一DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的母线上。
该逆变单元可以为图2所示的分体式组串逆变器的逆变单元。该DC/DC变换单元可以为图2所示的分体式组串逆变器中的任一个MPPT汇流箱。
如图15所示，当将故障隔离装置集成在图2所示的分体式组串逆变器的逆变单元中时，由于逆变单元通常部署在一个机房中，因此，部署在与各个MPPT汇流箱的输出端连接的母线上的各个故障隔离装置可以共享同一个辅助源和同一个控制器，以节省故障隔离装置的硬件成本。
另外，在上述任一实施例中，断路器包括第一断路器，第一断路器用于连接正母线。可选地，断路器装置还可以包括第二断路器，第二断路器用于连接负母线。也即是，在本申请中，用于进行故障隔离的断路器可以部署在正母线上，也可以部署在负母线上，均可以实现故障隔离。另外，母线的单侧部署断路器虽然也能断开电流，但是两端依然可能有连接，后端依然带电，可能无法实现完全故障隔离，因此，断路器02也可以同时部署在正母线上和负母线上，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述为本申请提供的实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种故障隔离装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括控制器和断路器；
    所述控制器包括控制端、第一电压采集端和电流采集端，所述控制器的控制端与所述断路器连接；
    所述断路器位于与供电系统中的一个直流/直流DC/DC变换单元连接的母线上，所述断路器用于：当所述断路器闭合时所述断路器所在的母线接通，或者，当断路器断开时所述断路器所在的母线断开；
    所述控制器的第一电压采集端用于采集所述断路器所在的母线的电压，所述控制器的电流采集端用于采集所述断路器所在的母线的电流；
    所述控制器的控制端用于：在检测到所述第一电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，或者，在检测到所述第一电压采集端采集的电压低于电压阈值、且所述电流采集端采集的电流高于电流阈值时，控制所述断路器处于断开状态。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括所述断路器的自锁装置，所述自锁装置包括输入端和输出端，所述控制器的控制端包括第一控制端；
    所述自锁装置的输入端与所述控制器的第一控制端连接，所述自锁装置的输出端与所述断路器连接；
    所述控制器的第一控制端用于：在所述断路器处于断开状态时，当检测到所述第一电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，向所述自锁装置的输入端下发第一指令，用于指示所述自锁装置控制所述断路器处于锁定断开状态。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括所述断路器的脱扣装置，所述脱扣装置包括输入端和输出端，所述控制器的控制端包括第二控制端；
    所述脱扣装置的输入端与所述控制器的第二控制端连接，所述脱扣装置的输出端与所述断路器连接；
    所述控制器的第二控制端具体用于：当检测到所述第一电压采集端采集的电压低于电压阈值、且所述电流采集端采集的电流高于电流阈值时，向所述脱扣装置的输入端发送第二指令，用于指示所述脱扣装置控制所述断路器由闭合状态切换为断开状态。
  4. 如权利要求1至3任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制器的第一电压采集端用于连接部署在所述断路器所在的母线上的电压检测器；
    所述控制器的第一电压采集端采集的电压为所述断路器所在的母线上的电压检测器上报的电压。
  5. 如权利要求1至4任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制器的电流采集端用于连接部署在所述断路器所在的母线上的电流检测器；
    所述控制器的电流采集端采集的电流为所述断路器所在的母线上的电流检测器上报的电 流。
  6. 如权利要求1至4任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制器的电流采集端用于连接部署在所述DC/DC变换单元包括的多个DC/DC变换器中每个DC/DC变换器上的电流检测器；
    所述控制器的电流采集端采集的电流为所述多个DC/DC变换器中每个DC/DC变换器上的电流检测器上报的电流之和。
  7. 如权利要求1至6任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述断路器位于与所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端连接的输入母线上。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制器还包括第二电压采集端；
    所述第二电压采集端用于采集与所述DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的输出母线的电压；
    所述控制器的控制端还用于：在检测到所述第二电压采集端采集的电压为负值时，控制所述断路器处于断开状态。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括辅助源；
    所述辅助源分别与所述故障隔离装置中的其他组件连接，用于向所述其他组件供电；
    所述辅助源用于连接与所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端连接的输入母线；
    所述辅助源还用于连接与所述DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的输出母线。
  10. 如权利要求1至6任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述断路器位于与所述DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的输出母线上。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括辅助源；
    所述辅助源分别与所述故障隔离装置中的其他组件连接，用于向所述其他组件供电；
    所述辅助源用于连接所述供电系统的电网；
    所述辅助源还用于连接与所述供电系统中的逆变单元输入端连接的母线。
  12. 一种直流升压装置，其特征在于，所述直流升压装置包括供电系统中的一个DC/DC变换单元、以及权利要求1至11任一所述的故障隔离装置；
    所述故障隔离装置中的断路器位于与所述DC/DC变换单元的输入端连接的母线上。
  13. 一种逆变装置，其特征在于，所述逆变装置包括逆变单元、以及权利要求1至11任一所述的故障隔离装置；
    所述逆变单元的输入端用于连接所述供电系统中的一个或多个DC/DC变换单元，所述故障隔离装置中的断路器位于在与任一DC/DC变换单元的输出端连接的母线上。
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