WO2021017103A1 - 一种非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置、挤出机及其加工方法 - Google Patents

一种非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置、挤出机及其加工方法 Download PDF

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WO2021017103A1
WO2021017103A1 PCT/CN2019/104998 CN2019104998W WO2021017103A1 WO 2021017103 A1 WO2021017103 A1 WO 2021017103A1 CN 2019104998 W CN2019104998 W CN 2019104998W WO 2021017103 A1 WO2021017103 A1 WO 2021017103A1
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Prior art keywords
screw
section
asymmetric
mixing
rotating multi
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐百平
喻慧文
刘彪
肖书平
杜遥雪
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Wuyi University Fujian
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Wuyi University Fujian
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/52—Screws with an outer diameter varying along the longitudinal axis, e.g. for obtaining different thread clearance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/425—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders using three or more screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/565—Screws having projections other than the thread, e.g. pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/59—Screws characterised by details of the thread, i.e. the shape of a single thread of the material-feeding screw
    • B29C48/595—Screws characterised by details of the thread, i.e. the shape of a single thread of the material-feeding screw the thread having non-uniform width
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/64—Screws with two or more threads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of multi-screw extruders, in particular to an asymmetric co-rotating multi-screw extruder, an extruder and a processing method thereof.
  • the co-rotating twin-screw extruder with self-cleaning function mainly includes a barrel and two twin-screws installed in parallel in the inner cavity of the barrel.
  • the two screws rotate at the same speed and sweep each other to realize the self-cleaning function.
  • the shapes of the left and right screws of the constant velocity twin screw are exactly the same, but the angles are staggered during installation, and there is left and right symmetry; for a single screw, the screw cross-section geometry is an axisymmetric figure.
  • the twin-screw meshing zone is the key part of melting and mixing. The existence of symmetry leads to the same screw meshing method in the meshing zone.
  • the present invention aims to solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent. For this reason, the present invention proposes an asymmetric co-rotating multi-screw extrusion device, which introduces a circular arc between the root diameter and the top diameter of each screw cross-sectional profile to break the symmetry, and realize the mutual meshing of different screw shapes, up and down.
  • the axial opening degree of the flow channel in the meshing zone is different, and the axial reverse mixing effect is introduced to improve the melting, mixing and exhaust efficiency.
  • An asymmetric co-rotating multi-screw extrusion device includes a barrel and a screw mechanism arranged inside the barrel.
  • the barrel is provided with an inlet at one end of the screw mechanism and an outlet at the other end of the screw mechanism.
  • the body includes a conveying section, a melting section, an exhaust section, and a mixing and extruding section arranged in sequence from the side of the feed port.
  • the exhaust section is provided with an exhaust hole.
  • the screw mechanism includes a first screw and a first screw parallel to the first screw.
  • the second screw is arranged, the cross-sectional profile of the first screw and the second screw is provided with a circular arc, and a radial protrusion is formed between the root diameter and the top diameter of the first screw and the second screw.
  • the first screw is asymmetrically meshed and rotates in the same direction and at a constant speed.
  • the spiral edges of the first screw and the second screw are convex with arc-shaped.
  • the cross-sectional profile of the first screw and the second screw is provided with multiple arcs, and a plurality of radial protrusions are formed between the root diameter and the top diameter of the first screw and the second screw.
  • the cross-sectional profile of the second screw is formed by connecting the same number of arcs and curved arcs as the profile of the first screw, and there is the same number of arcs as the first screw between the root diameter and the top diameter of the thread, and The arc corresponding to the screw is tangent.
  • the screw mechanism further includes a third screw that is asymmetrically engaged with the first screw or the second screw, and one or more arcs are introduced between the root diameter and the top diameter of the cross-sectional profile of the third screw.
  • first screw, the second screw and the third screw are double-ended screws.
  • a reverse thread structure and a kneading block structure are added to a local position in the screw mechanism.
  • first screw and the second screw are tangent to the inner wall of the barrel.
  • a multi-screw extruder is also provided, including the asymmetric co-rotating multi-screw extruder described above.
  • the first screw and the second screw rotate in the same direction and at the same speed along the axis of the respective screws, pushing the material to move to the flow channel of the melting section;
  • Both the first screw and the second screw of the present invention adopt a pair of arcs between the root diameter and the top diameter of the cross-sectional profile of each screw to break the symmetry, and the corresponding arc pairs are tangentially engaged to achieve mutual
  • the shape of the meshing screw is different, and the axial opening degree of the upper and lower meshing zone is different.
  • the introduction of the axial reverse mixing strengthening mechanism effectively accelerates the melting, plasticization, mixing and exhaust efficiency;
  • the first screw and the second screw are tightly meshed and rotate in the same direction at the same speed, and the two screws wipe each other to realize the self-cleaning effect of the processing process.
  • the invention can greatly reduce the use of kneading blocks, has significant energy-saving effect, narrows the residence time distribution during processing, and improves processing efficiency and effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the screw mechanism in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the screw mechanism in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the meshing area on the screw mechanism in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower meshing area of the screw mechanism in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the screw mechanism in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the meshing area on the screw mechanism in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the screw mechanism in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the meshing area on the screw mechanism in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a screw with three screws arranged in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • an asymmetric co-rotating multi-screw extrusion device of the present invention includes a barrel 100 and a screw mechanism 200 arranged inside the barrel 100.
  • the barrel 100 is provided with an end of the screw mechanism 200
  • the feed port 110, the discharge port 120 located at the other end of the screw mechanism 200, the barrel 100 includes a conveying section 130, a melting section 140, an exhaust section 150 and a mixing and extrusion section arranged in sequence from the side of the feed port 110 160, the exhaust section 150 is provided with an exhaust hole 170, and the screw mechanism 200 includes a first screw 210 and a second screw arranged parallel to the first screw 210.
  • the cross-sectional contours of the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 A circular arc is provided, and a radial protrusion is formed between the root diameter and top diameter of the first screw 210 and the second screw 220.
  • the second screw 220 and the first screw 210 are asymmetrically meshed and rotate in the same direction and at a constant speed.
  • multiple arcs are introduced between the root diameter and the top diameter of the cross-sectional profile of the first screw 210 and the second screw 220.
  • Both the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 use one or more arc pairs to break the symmetry between the root diameter and the tip diameter of the cross-sectional profile of each screw, and the corresponding arc pairs are tangentially meshed to achieve mutual meshing.
  • the screw shape is different, and the axial opening degree of the upper and lower meshing zone is different.
  • the introduction of the axial reverse mixing strengthening mechanism effectively accelerates the melting, plasticization, mixing and exhaust efficiency; on the other hand, it ensures the first screw 210 ,
  • the second screw 220 is tightly meshed and rotates in the same direction at a constant speed, and the two screws wipe each other to realize the self-cleaning effect in the processing process.
  • the mixing of the materials is more complete, the use of kneading blocks can be greatly reduced, the energy saving effect is significant, the residence time distribution during the processing process is narrower, and the processing efficiency and effect are improved.
  • the spiral edges of the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 are protrusions having a circular arc shape.
  • the cross-sectional profile of the second screw 220 is formed by connecting the same number of circular arcs and curved arcs as the profile of the first screw 210, and there is a relationship between the root diameter and the top diameter of the thread.
  • the first screw 210 has the same number of arcs and is tangent to the arc corresponding to the first screw.
  • the geometry of the end faces of the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 are different, which breaks the symmetry, and realizes that the mutual meshing screw shapes are different, and the axial opening degree of the flow passages in the upper and lower meshing regions is different. , Mixing and exhaust efficiency.
  • the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 are meshed with each other, as shown in Fig. 3, the upper meshing area is opened axially, see Figs. 3 and 4; the lower meshing area is open axially, see Fig. 5;
  • a screw 210, a second screw 220 and the inner cavity of the barrel form a flow channel; when the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 rotate in the same direction and at a constant speed, the two screws always keep in meshing contact with each other to realize the self-cleaning function.
  • the spiral edges of the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 are both spiral edge structures with smooth edges.
  • the first screw 210 adopts a single-head screw element.
  • r i corresponds to the screw root diameter circle Arc
  • r 4 corresponds to the arc of the screw top diameter
  • each arc corresponds to the central angle ⁇ i
  • ⁇ 0 corresponds to the central angle of the screw root diameter arc
  • ⁇ 4 corresponds to the central angle of the screw top diameter arc
  • the second screw 220 also adopts a single-head screw element, and 6 segments of arcs with a radius of Cr i are introduced into the cross-sectional profile of the screw to mesh with the arcs corresponding to r i .
  • the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 need to have a certain relationship.
  • the cross-sectional profile of the single-threaded thread of the first screw 210 is formed by connecting eight circular arcs and eight curved arcs.
  • processing method of the foregoing embodiment includes the following steps:
  • the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 rotate in the same direction and at the same speed along the respective screw axes; the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 are due to the cross section
  • the existence of multi-segment arcs of the contour forms an asymmetrical meshing relationship, resulting in different axial opening degrees of the upper and lower meshing areas.
  • the material is fed under the combined action of the positive displacement and the friction between the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 Conveying and forcing the material to move in the direction of the flow channel of the melting section 140;
  • the two screws After the material that becomes the melt enters the flow channel of the mixing and extrusion section 160, the two screws have different axial opening degrees in the upper and lower meshing areas and the difference in the accumulation state, resulting in a strong axial reverse mixing effect. , The plasticizing and mixing effect is strengthened, the plasticizing and mixing efficiency is higher, and the melt material is stably extruded from the discharge port 120; at the same time, the mutual wiping effect between the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 is realized Has a self-cleaning effect.
  • the screw cross section is composed of five circular arcs and five curved arcs.
  • Corresponding arcs are tangentially meshed to achieve mutual meshing of different screw shapes and different axial opening degrees of the flow passages in the upper and lower meshing zones.
  • the introduction of axial reverse mixing strengthening mechanism effectively accelerates melting, plasticization, mixing and exhaust And the efficiency of self-cleaning.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, three arcs with an arc length of 0 are introduced between the root diameter and the tip diameter of the cross-sectional profile of the screw to realize a four-segment curved arc Directly connected, at this time the cross section of the screw consists of two circular arcs and five curved arcs.
  • the screw mechanism 200 further includes a third screw 230 that is asymmetrically engaged with the first screw 210 or the second screw 220, and the root of the cross-sectional profile of the third screw 230 One or more arcs are introduced between the diameter and the top diameter.
  • the structure of the third screw 230 is the same as that of the first screw 210.
  • the first screw 210, the second screw 220, and the third screw 230 are connected in sequence to form an in-line three-screw arrangement. All the screws have asymmetrical meshing and shafts. Reverse mixing ensures the self-cleaning function while higher output, shorter mixing time and residence time, and improved processing efficiency.
  • the first screw 210, the second screw 220, and the third screw 230 are all double-headed screws. Double-headed screws are used, the number of threads increases, and the material applies a higher average shear rate and shear force, so that The mixing of materials is more complete, the axial reverse mixing is more intense, the plasticizing and mixing effects are strengthened, the plasticizing and mixing efficiency is higher, and the melt materials are stably extruded from the outlet 120.
  • the screw mechanism 200 is equipped with a reverse thread structure and a kneading block structure at a local position.
  • the reverse thread structure and the kneading block structure are rotated together to improve the mixing degree of the material, strengthen the mixing effect, and make the mixing More fully, the effect of plasticizing and mixing is further improved.
  • the outermost edges of the first screw 210 and the second screw 220 are tangent to the inner wall of the barrel 100, and the inner wall can be cleaned during the mixing process to ensure that no material remains on the inner wall of the barrel 100.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置、挤出机及其加工方法，包括筒体和设置于筒体内部的螺杆机构，筒体上设置有位于螺杆机构一端进料口、位于螺杆机构另一端的出料口，筒体包括由进料口一侧开始依次排列的输送段、熔融段、排气段和混炼挤出段，排气段上设置有排气孔，螺杆机构包括第一螺杆和平行于第一螺杆布置的第二螺杆，第一螺杆和第二螺杆的横截面轮廓的根径和顶径之间引入一段圆弧，第二螺杆与第一螺杆非对称啮合且同向等速转动。对应的圆弧对相切啮合，实现相互啮合螺杆形状不同、上下啮合区流道的轴向开放程度不同，引入轴向反混强化机理，有效地加速了熔融、塑化、混炼和排气效率。

Description

一种非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置、挤出机及其加工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及多螺杆挤出机技术领域，特别是一种非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置、挤出机及其加工方法。
背景技术
具有自洁功能的同向双螺杆挤出机主要包括机筒和两根平行安装于机筒内腔的双螺杆。两根螺杆等速旋转，互相扫略，实现自洁功能。一般来说，等速双螺杆左右两根螺杆形状完全一致，只是安装时错列角度，存在左右对称性；对于单个螺杆来说，其螺杆横截面几何属于轴对称图形。双螺杆啮合区是熔融、混炼的关键部位，对称性的存在导致啮合区螺杆啮合方式相同，存在物料局部堆积及减速导致松弛效应，限制物料在挤出机内的熔融和混合效果的提高。另一方面，对称性的存在导致了自洁同向双螺杆在上下啮合区产生轴向封闭，物料在熔融混炼的过程中，存在独立拓扑流道，各个流道间几乎没有轴向反混能力，也导致了物料原料计量加料过程中的组份波动造成的制品性能的波动。提高挤出过程中轴向反混作用应该是传统等速双螺杆必须突破的关键问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的上述技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，在每根螺杆横截面轮廓的根径和顶径之间引入一段圆弧来打破对称性，实现相互啮合螺杆形状不同、上下啮合区流道的轴向开放程度不同，引入轴向反混作用，进而提高 熔融、混炼及排气效率。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，包括筒体和设置于筒体内部的螺杆机构，筒体上设置有位于螺杆机构一端的进料口、位于螺杆机构另一端的出料口，筒体包括由进料口一侧开始依次排列的输送段、熔融段、排气段和混炼挤出段，排气段上设置有排气孔，螺杆机构包括第一螺杆和平行于第一螺杆布置的第二螺杆，第一螺杆和第二螺杆的横截面轮廓上设置有一段圆弧，在第一螺杆和第二螺杆根径和顶径之间形成径向的凸起，第二螺杆与第一螺杆非对称啮合且同向等速转动。
作为上述技术方案的改进，第一螺杆和第二螺杆的螺棱为具有圆弧状的凸起。
进一步，第一螺杆和第二螺杆的横截面轮廓上设置有多段圆弧，在第一螺杆和第二螺杆根径和顶径之间形成多个径向的凸起。
进一步，第二螺杆的横截面轮廓由与第一螺杆轮廓数量相等的圆弧和曲线弧连接构成，在螺纹根径和顶径之间存在与第一螺杆数量相同的圆弧，且与第一螺杆对应的圆弧相切。
进一步，螺杆机构还包括非对称啮合于第一螺杆或第二螺杆设置的第三螺杆，第三螺杆的横截面轮廓的根径和顶径之间引入一段或多段圆弧。
进一步，第一螺杆、第二螺杆和第三螺杆为双头螺杆。
进一步，螺杆机构中局部位置加装反螺纹结构和捏合块结构。
进一步，第一螺杆和第二螺杆的最外侧边沿与筒体的内壁相切。
还提供一种多螺杆挤出机，包括上述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置。
还提供一种应用上述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置的加工方法，包括 以下步骤：
物料从进料口进入输送段的流道后，第一螺杆和第二螺杆分别沿各自螺杆轴线同向等速转动，推动物料向熔融段的流道方向移动；
当物料移动至熔融段的流道处时，由于强烈的轴向反混作用，步加速固体物料的熔融进程，使得物料成为熔体；
成为熔体的物料从熔融段的流道进入排气段的流道后，在第一螺杆和第二螺杆的作用下，加速气体从排气口排出；同时物料进一步向混炼挤出段的流道方向运动；
成为熔体的物料进入混炼挤出段的流道后，在第一螺杆和第二螺杆间的强烈的轴向反混作用下，强化了塑化和混合效果，塑化混炼效率更高，并使熔体的物料稳定从出料口挤出。
本发明中一个或多个技术方案至少具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明的第一螺杆、第二螺杆均采用在每根螺杆横截面轮廓的根径和顶径之间引入一段圆弧对来打破对称性，对应的圆弧对相切啮合，实现相互啮合螺杆形状不同、上下啮合区流道的轴向开放程度不同，引入轴向反混强化机理，有效地加速了熔融、塑化、混炼和排气效率；
2、本发明的螺杆机构中，保证了第一螺杆、第二螺杆紧密啮合同向等速旋转，两根螺杆之间相互擦拭作用，实现了加工过程自洁作用。
3、本发明可大幅度减少捏合块的使用，节能效果显著，使加工过程停留时间分布更窄，提高了加工效率和效果。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明第一实施例的结构示意图；
图2是本发明第一实施例中的螺杆机构的横截面示意图；
图3是本发明第一实施例中的螺杆机构的三维结构示意图；
图4是本发明第一实施例中螺杆机构上啮合区结构示意图；
图5是本发明第一实施例中螺杆机构下啮合区结构示意图；
图6是本发明第二实施例中螺杆机构的横截面结构示意图；
图7是本发明第二实施例中螺杆机构上啮合区的三维结构示意图；
图8是本发明第三实施例中螺杆机构的横截面结构示意图；
图9是本发明第三实施例中螺杆机构上啮合区的三维结构示意图；
图10是本发明第四实施例中三根螺杆排列的螺杆横截面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本部分将详细描述本发明的具体实施例，本发明之较佳实施例在附图中示出，附图的作用在于用图形补充说明书文字部分的描述，使人能够直观地、形象地理解本发明的每个技术特征和整体技术方案，但其不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，涉及到方位描述，例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，若干的含义是一个或者多个，多个的含义是两个以上，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，设置、安装、连接等词语应 做广义理解，所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面结合附图，对本发明实施例作进一步阐述。
参照图1至图5，本发明的一种非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，包括筒体100和设置于筒体100内部的螺杆机构200，筒体100上设置有位于螺杆机构200一端的进料口110、位于螺杆机构200另一端的出料口120，筒体100包括由进料口110一侧开始依次排列的输送段130、熔融段140、排气段150和混炼挤出段160，排气段150上设置有排气孔170，螺杆机构200包括第一螺杆210和平行于第一螺杆210布置的第二螺杆，述第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220的横截面轮廓上设置有一段圆弧，在第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220根径和顶径之间形成径向的凸起，第二螺杆220与第一螺杆210非对称啮合且同向等速转动。优选地，第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220的横截面轮廓的根径和顶径之间引入多段圆弧。第一螺杆210、第二螺杆220均采用在每根螺杆横截面轮廓的根径和顶径之间引入一段或多段圆弧对来打破对称性，对应的圆弧对相切啮合，实现相互啮合螺杆形状不同、上下啮合区流道的轴向开放程度不同，引入轴向反混强化机理，有效地加速了熔融、塑化、混炼和排气效率；另一方面，保证了第一螺杆210、第二螺杆220紧密啮合同向等速旋转，两根螺杆之间相互擦拭作用，实现了加工过程自洁作用。而且由于加入了轴向反混，使物料的混合更为充分，可大幅度减少捏合块的使用，节能效果显著，使加工过程停留时间分布更窄，提高了加工效率和效果。
参照图1，在本发明的一些实施例中，第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220的螺棱为具有圆弧状的凸起。在相互啮合的过程中，圆弧状凸起两侧具有 能让物料通过的空间，物料可在此空间中进行搅拌和混合，有效地加速了熔融、塑化、混炼和排气效率。
参照图2，在本发明的一些实施例中，第二螺杆220的横截面轮廓由与第一螺杆210轮廓数量相等的圆弧和曲线弧连接构成，在螺纹根径和顶径之间存在与第一螺杆210数量相同的圆弧，且与第一螺杆对应的圆弧相切。这样导致第一螺杆210、第二螺杆220的端面轮廓几何不同，打破对称性，实现相互啮合螺杆形状不同、上下啮合区流道的轴向开放程度不同，引入轴向反混作用，进而提高熔融、混炼及排气效率。
作为本发明的第一实施例，第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220相互啮合，参见图3，上啮合区轴向开放，参见图3、4；下啮合区轴向开放，参见图5；第一螺杆210、第二螺杆220与筒体的内腔形成流道；当第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220同向等速转动时，两根螺杆始终保持彼此啮合接触实现自洁功能。如图1-5所示，第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220的螺棱均为边沿光滑的螺棱结构。
第一螺杆210采用单头螺纹元件，在第一螺杆210横截面轮廓内，在第一螺杆210根径和顶径之间，引入6段半径为r i的圆弧,i＝1,3,和,i＝5,7，并且有d/2＝r 0<r 1<r 2<r 3<r 4＝D/2>r 5>r 6>r 7；这里r 0对应螺杆根径圆弧，r 4对应螺杆顶径圆弧，每段圆弧对应的圆心角θ i，例如，θ 0对应螺杆根径圆弧的圆心角，θ 4对应螺杆顶径圆弧的圆心角,则有r i对应的圆弧为A iB i，例如，r 0对应的圆弧为A 0B 0，r 3对应的圆弧为A 3B 3，以此类推。
第二螺杆220同样采用单头螺纹元件，在螺杆截面轮廓内引入6段半径为C-r i圆弧与r i对应的圆弧相啮合。
螺杆横截面轮廓几何如图2所示，第一螺杆210旋转中心O 1和第二螺 杆220旋转中心O 2之间的距离为C，且第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220的最大外径均为D，第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220的内径为d，那么有：
d＝2C-D。
为保证正确啮合运转，第一螺杆210及第二螺杆220需要足一定的关系。如图所示，第一螺杆210的单头螺纹的横截面轮廓由八段圆弧和八段曲线弧连接构成，八段曲线弧依次为B i-1A i，i＝1,7，代表连接相邻半径为r i-1圆弧及半径为r i圆弧的曲线弧，即B 0A 1、B 1A 2、B 2A 3、B 3A 4、B 4A 5、B 5A 6、B 6A 7，而B 7A 0代表连接r 7和r 0的曲线弧，当i<4时，即对于曲线弧B 0A 1、B 1A 2、B 2A 3和B 3A 4来讲，曲线弧B i-1A i对应的圆心角β i为：
Figure PCTCN2019104998-appb-000001
以O 1B i-1为极轴，引入辅助角∈，逆时针方向为正，将极角和极径用∈表示，则有曲线弧B i-1A i对应的极角γ(∈)为：
Figure PCTCN2019104998-appb-000002
对应的极径ρ(∈)为：
Figure PCTCN2019104998-appb-000003
半径为r i的圆弧A iB i对应的圆心角θ i，满足：θ i≥0，θ 0>0，θ 4>0，且
Figure PCTCN2019104998-appb-000004
这里曲线弧B 7A 0对应的圆心角记为θ 8，同理，B 4A 5、B 5A 6、B 6A 7和B 7A 0的极坐标表达式同样可得。
如图2所示，第二螺杆220的单头螺纹元件的横截面轮廓同样由八段圆弧和八段曲线弧连接构成，与圆弧A iB i相啮合的圆弧记为M iN i，对应的圆心角同样为θ i，i＝0,7，且对应的半径为C-r i；这样，曲线弧轮廓N 0M 1、N 1M 2、N 2M 3、N 3M 4、N 4M 5、N 5M 6、N 6M 7和N 7M 0则可以通过与第一螺杆210单头螺纹元件啮合关系得到，而且，N i-1M i对应的圆心角同样为β i，i＝1,7； N 7M 0对应圆心角β 8。
作为上述实施例的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)物料从进料口110进入输送段130的流道后，第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220分别沿各自螺杆轴线同向等速转动；第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220由于横截面轮廓多段圆弧的存在，形成非对称啮合关系，导致上下啮合区轴向开放程度不同，物料在正位移输送作用以及第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220之间的摩擦力共同作下实现进料输送，并迫使物料向熔融段140的流道方向移动；
(2)当物料移动至熔融段140的流道处时，由于两根螺杆在上下啮合区轴向开放程度不同，使得物料在螺杆内堆积的状态不同，导致了强烈的轴向反混作用，步加速固体物料的熔融进程，使得物料成为熔体；
(3)成为熔体的物料从熔融段140的流道进入排气段150的流道后，由于两根螺杆在上下啮合区存在非对称轴向开放，加之堆积状态的变化，增加了不同螺槽流道之间的连通，扩大了排气面积，加速了气体从排气口排出，使排气更加彻底；同时熔融的物料受到第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220的作用进一步向混炼挤出段160的流道方向运动；
(4)成为熔体的物料进入混炼挤出段160的流道后，由于两根螺杆在上下啮合区轴向开放程度不同，加上堆积状态的不同，导致了强烈的轴向反混作用，强化了塑化和混合效果，塑化混炼效率更高，并使熔体的物料稳定从出料口120挤出；同时，第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220之间的相互擦拭作用实现了自洁作用。
进一步，作为本发明的第二实施例，如图图6和图7所示，可在螺杆横截面轮廓的根径和顶径之间引入三段圆弧，实现了四段曲线弧间隔接相连，此时螺杆横截面由五段圆弧和五段曲线弧组成。对应的圆弧对相切啮合，实现相互啮合螺杆形状不同、上下啮合区流道的轴向开放程度不同，引入轴向反混强化机理，有效地加速了熔融、塑化、混炼和排气以及自洁 的效率。
进一步，作为本发明的第三实施例，如图8和图9所示，在螺杆横截面轮廓的根径和顶径之间引入三段弧长为0的圆弧，实现了四段曲线弧直接相连，此时螺杆横截面由两段圆弧和五段曲线弧组成。
进一步，作为本发明的第三实施例，如图10，螺杆机构200还包括非对称啮合于第一螺杆210或第二螺杆220设置的第三螺杆230，第三螺杆230的横截面轮廓的根径和顶径之间引入一段或多段圆弧。第三螺杆230的结构与第一螺杆210相同，第一螺杆210、第二螺杆220和第三螺杆230依次连接，形成一字型的三螺杆排布方式，螺杆间皆具有不对称啮合以及轴向反混，保证了自洁功能的同时产量更高，混炼时间和滞留时间更短，提高了加工效率。
在一些实施例中，第一螺杆210、第二螺杆220和第三螺杆230皆为双头螺杆，采用双头螺杆，螺纹数量增加，物料施加更高的平均剪切速率和剪切力，使物料的混合更为充分，轴向反混更为强烈，强化了塑化和混合效果，塑化混炼效率更高，并使熔体的物料稳定从出料口120挤出。
在一些实施例中，螺杆机构200中局部位置加装反螺纹结构和捏合块结构，螺杆旋转时，带动反螺纹结构和捏合块结构一起旋转，提高物料的混合程度，强化了混合效果，使混合更为充分，塑化混炼的效果进一步提高。
在一些实施例中，第一螺杆210和第二螺杆220的最外侧边沿与筒体100的内壁相切，可在混合过程中对内壁进行清理，保证了物料不会在筒体100内壁残余。
以上具体结构和尺寸数据是对本发明的较佳实施例进行了具体说明，但本发明创造并不限于实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可做出种种的等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，包括筒体和设置于所述筒体内部的螺杆机构，所述筒体上设置有位于所述螺杆机构一端的进料口、位于所述螺杆机构另一端的出料口，所述筒体包括由进料口一侧开始依次排列的输送段、熔融段、排气段和混炼挤出段，所述排气段上设置有排气孔，所述螺杆机构包括第一螺杆和平行于所述第一螺杆布置的第二螺杆，其特征在于：所述第一螺杆和第二螺杆的横截面轮廓上设置有一段圆弧，在所述第一螺杆和第二螺杆根径和顶径之间形成径向的凸起，所述第二螺杆与第一螺杆非对称啮合且同向等速转动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，其特征在于：所述第一螺杆和第二螺杆的螺棱为具有圆弧状的凸起。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，其特征在于：所述第一螺杆和第二螺杆的横截面轮廓上设置有多段圆弧，在所述第一螺杆和第二螺杆根径和顶径之间形成多个径向的凸起。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，其特征在于：所述第二螺杆的横截面轮廓由与所述第一螺杆轮廓数量相等的圆弧和曲线弧连接构成，在螺纹根径和顶径之间存在与第一螺杆数量相同的圆弧，且与第一螺杆对应的圆弧相切。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，其特征在于：所述螺杆机构还包括非对称啮合于所述第一螺杆或第二螺杆设置的第三螺杆，所述第三螺杆的横截面轮廓的根径和顶径之间引入一段或多段圆弧。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，其特征在于：所述第一螺杆、第二螺杆和第三螺杆为双头螺杆。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，其特征在于：所述螺杆机构中局部位置加装反螺纹结构和捏合块结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置，其特征在于：所述第一螺杆和第二螺杆的最外侧边沿与所述筒体的内壁相切。
  9. 一种多螺杆挤出机，其特征在于：包括权利要求1-8任一所述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置。
  10. 一种应用于权力要求1-8所述的非对称同向多螺杆挤出装置的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    物料从进料口进入输送段的流道后，第一螺杆和第二螺杆分别沿各自螺杆轴线同向等速转动，推动物料向熔融段的流道方向移动；
    当物料移动至熔融段的流道处时，由于强烈的轴向反混作用，进一步加速固体物料的熔融进程，使得物料成为熔体；
    成为熔体的物料从熔融段的流道进入排气段的流道后，在第一螺杆和第二螺杆的作用下，加速气体从排气口排出；同时物料进一步向混炼挤出段的流道方向运动；
    成为熔体的物料进入混炼挤出段的流道后，在第一螺杆和第二螺杆间的强烈的轴向反混作用下，强化了塑化和混合效果，塑化混炼效率更高，并使熔体的物料稳定从出料口挤出。
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