WO2021016340A1

WO2021016340A1 - Cold pasteurization

Info

Publication number: WO2021016340A1
Application number: PCT/US2020/043050
Authority: WO
Inventors: Richard H. Dumm
Original assignee: Dairy Tech, Inc.
Priority date: 2019-07-22
Filing date: 2020-07-22
Publication date: 2021-01-28

Abstract

A system for implementing cold pasteurization with colostrum rich milk is described. Embodiments of the cold pasteurization system can include, but is not limited to, a storage bag and a chemical pasteurizing agent pre-filled into the storage bag. Colostrum rich milk can be collected into the storage bag. The storage bag, containing the chemical pasteurizing agent, can be agitated to mix the pasteurizing agent with the colostrum rich milk to pasteurize the colostrum rich milk without heat.

Description

Cold Pasteurization

Cross-Reference to Related Application

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/877,006, filed July 22^nd, 2019.

Background

Dairy products generally require pasteurization in order to ensure safe consumption of the dairy products. Dairy products can contain microbes that are pathogenic and harmful to humans and animals if consumed. Currently, treating the dairy products containing pathogenic microbes happens at elevated pasteurizing temperatures which can reduce or eliminate the microbes, and thereby reduce pathogenicity, providing for safer consumption of the treated products.

Flexible bags can typically be used to store dairy products that have been expressed from cows that have just given birth to a calf or calves. The dairy products are stored in the bags which can be immediately heat treated. After being heat treated to pasteurize the dairy product, the storage bags are refrigerated and/or frozen to preserve the valuable contents. Typically, the dairy product is heat treated in a specialized pasteurizer between predetermined minimum and maximum

temperatures, immediately frozen or refrigerated for storage, and removed from storage and warmed prior to use.

Currently available means for safely pasteurizing dairy products are often economically prohibitive based on the requirement to purchase expensive pasteurization equipment. Many farms around the world, regardless of socioeconomics, are unable to purchase expensive pasteurization equipment. Further, small dairies have a difficult time justifying the expense of pasteurization equipment. Similarly, in many economically challenged countries, power sources can be both unreliable and/or inadequate to operate heat treatment pasteurization systems.

In many underdeveloped areas of the world, dairy products are a main source of protein and energy. Unfortunately, these same areas have not yet been able to properly test and remove or treat animals carrying pathogens that can cause illness in people. Properly treating colostrum rich milk can prevent this common mode of disease transmission between mother and baby calf. Equally important in many countries, children are fed milk from cows that is raw. Examples of such diseases that can easily be spread in milk are Brucellosis and Tuberculosis.

An economically viable means to allow communities to prevent the spread of zoological diseases by a pasteurization system that does not require heating, and thus the purchase of expensive equipment, is needed.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure l is a front view of a cold pasteurization system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a flow diagram of a method of implementing a cold pasteurization system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 A is a front view of an example container of a cold pasteurization system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3B is a partial sectional view of the example container of Figure 3 A according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a perspective view of a nipple assembly of the cold pasteurization system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is an exploded view of an esophageal feeder of the cold pasteurization system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a self-healing injection port formed into part of a spout according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention include a cold pasteurization system and a method(s) of use thereof. In one embodiment, the cold pasteurization system can be implemented to provide colostrum rich milk to feed a calf without having to pasteurize the colostrum rich milk via a normal heating method. The cold pasteurization system can be implemented to effectively reduce and/or eliminate pathogens in colostrum rich milk while not damaging important bioactive proteins contained therein. As can be appreciated, this would allow a rancher to pasteurize the colostrum rich milk in the field where a typical pasteurizing system would not likely be located. Of note, the rancher can start the pasteurization process right after collecting the colostrum rich milk from the cow by implementing the cold pasteurization system. Colostrum rich milk is referenced throughout this disclosure; however, it is not meant to be limiting. Embodiments of the present invention can be applied to other edible liquids and dairy products.

The cold pasteurization system can typically include, but is not limited to, a container (e.g., a storage bag) and a chemical pasteurizing agent pre-filled in the storage bag. The storage bag can be any container configured to store dairy products and can be configured to withstand freezing, thawing, and warming. The chemical pasteurizing agent can be deposited into the storage bag before the storage bag will be used to collect colostrum rich milk. Typically, the cold pasteurization system can be manufactured so that the interior of the storage bag can be sterile with the chemical pasteurizing agent inside the storage bag. As can be appreciated, by providing a sterile container, any dairy products collected in the bag will not be introduced to contamination.

In most instances, the chemical pasteurizing agent can be implemented to inhibit and also kill bacteria, pathogens, etc., commonly found in colostrum rich milk. Of note, the chemical

pasteurizing agent may be selected based on the fluid being collected in the storage bag. For instance, chemical compounds for colostrum rich milk may be different than chemical compounds selected for other dairy products. The storage bag can typically be a bag or container that can be implemented to store colostrum rich milk and feed a calf therefrom. As previously mentioned, other bags and/or containers can be implemented in the cold pasteurization system.

In one embodiment, the chemical pasteurizing agent can include, but is not limited to, a lantibiotic (e.g., nisin), sodium percarbonate, and mixtures (or combinations) of nisin and sodium percarbonate. It is to be appreciated that other chemicals, compounds, mixtures, and substances can be implemented without exceeding a scope of the present invention. For instance, oxidizing (or oxidative) biocides that are safe to consume for humans and animals may be implemented.

Naturally occurring substances that can perform similarly to biocides may be implemented when safe for human and animal consumption. Substances considered bacteriocins can be implemented.

In another embodiment, the chemical pasteurizing agent can include hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in some form or another. Often the free oxygen radical released by the H₂O₂ is then part of the activation of other compounds. In one such product combination, calcium sulfate, sulfuric acid, bisulfate ion, and hydrogen peroxide can be implemented to work together in various concentrations and ratios.

In another embodiment, chemicals can be used to activate a lactoperoxidase enzyme that may naturally be contained in milk secretions. The lactoperoxidase enzyme is included in an antibacterial “immune” system of milk and/or colostrum. The lactoperoxidase system naturally wanes after a few hours but can be chemically activated again. The lactoperoxidase enzyme can be reactivated by adding thiocyanate (in the form of sodium thiocyanate) at 14mg/L to activate the lactoperoxidase enzyme system in the colostrum. The next step a minute later is to add H2O2 (e.g., in the form of sodium percarbonate) at 30mg/L and mix for 2-3 minutes. This activated system can be quite effective at killing microbes.

In yet another approach, H2O2 (e.g., in the form of sodium percarbonate) can be mixed with an acetyl donor (e.g., peracetic acid). When the two compounds are manufactured in a specific manner to allow for slow release, the combined chemical has intense antimicrobial activity without toxicity to the host cells. In the case of colostrum, the proteins that need to be protected may not be damaged by the mixture of the two compounds.

Of note, the chemical pasteurizing agent can be selected from substances that are deemed safe for consumption by cattle and humans, since calves receiving the chemically pasteurized agent may end up as food for humans. In some instances, after the colostrum rich milk has been collected in the storage bag, a user may agitate (e.g., shake) the bag to mix the pasteurizing agent with the colostrum rich milk.

In one instance, the chemical pasteurizing agent can be in a dry powder form. In such an embodiment, after colostrum rich milk is deposited into the storage bag, a rancher may shake the bag to mix the dry powder with the liquid. Of note, after the colostrum rich milk and pasteurizing agent have mixed, the rancher can let the pasteurization step happen without having to do anything more.

In another instance, the chemical pasteurizing agent may be coated on walls of an interior of the storage bag. In such an embodiment, after the storage bag is filled with colostrum rich milk, the rancher may refrigerate the bag and let the pasteurization happen over time as the contents are cooled. After a predetermined amount of time, the storage bag may either be frozen or used to feed a calf. In yet another instance, the chemical pasteurizing agent can be manufactured as slow release capsules wherein the contents of the capsules are released over time. For example, in the above mentioned example of activating the lactoperoxidase enzyme, the two different chemicals (i.e., sodium thiocyanate and sodium percarbonate) can be encapsulated in different materials such that the sodium thiocyanate may be released before the sodium percarbonate.

A storage bag can be implemented to avoid the pitfalls of recontamination of quality colostrum rich milk, as well as provide a feeding system that can eliminate the labor of cleaning along with the dangers of dirty vessels. One embodiment of the storage bag can be a uniquely designed metallic bag that is robust enough to handle 2-4 quarts of colostrum, yet refined enough to permit pasteurization within the bag. Refrigeration, freezing, and thawing are all steps that occur within the clean confines of the single use bag. Further, the colostrum rich milk can be deposited directly in to the storage bag with the pasteurizing agent contained therein. Of note, an esophageal feed tube or nipple can be attached to the storage bag to feed a calf when ready.

Example embodiments of the storage bag are described in US Patent 8,490,577, US Patent 8,336,495, and US Patent 10,334,819 which are each incorporated by reference in their entirety. Typically, the storage bag can be constructed to be able to be both frozen and heated without experiencing a material failure that would ruin the contents of the storage bag. Embodiments of the storage bag can be further configured to work in combination with an attachment that is designed to feed a calf.

In one embodiment, a rancher can collect colostrum rich milk into a storage bag pre-filled with a chemical pasteurizing agent. After the colostrum rich milk has been collected in the storage bag, the storage bag can be stored for later use. The cold pasteurization system can allow a rancher to remove the step of pasteurization by heat to decrease the amount of time before the colostrum rich milk can be stored for later use. Further, the rancher can immediately begin the pasteurization process after collecting the colostrum rich milk in the storage bag. In some instances, the rancher may collect the colostrum rich milk, initiate the cold pasteurization process, and then feed a calf after the recently collected colostrum rich milk has been pasteurized. As can be appreciated, this can allow the rancher to pasteurize the colostrum rich milk in the field without having to store and/or reheat the colostrum rich milk.

Currently, a method for collecting, storing, and feeding colostrum to a calf includes the following steps: (i) collect colostrum into a storage bag; (ii) heat-treat (e.g., at 140°F for 60 mins) to pasteurize the colostrum in the storage bag, or in a pasteurizer before filling bags; (iii) refrigerate or freeze the storage bags filled with pasteurized colostrum; (iv) warm the colostrum in the storage bag in a pasteurizer or warmer; and (v) feed the colostrum to a calf by attaching a nipple or esophageal tube to the storage bag.

Embodiments of the present system and method can eliminate the previously mentioned step of heating the colostrum to pasteurize said colostrum. Of note, by reducing this step, a rancher can decrease the overall amount of time in preparing colostrum to be stored for later use. By reducing the time, a rancher can spend that saved time completing other tasks.

Typically, a method of implementing the cold pasteurization system can include, but is not limited to, the following steps: (i) collecting colostrum rich milk into a storage bag, the storage bag including the pasteurizing agent; (ii) mixing the pasteurizing agent with the colostrum rich milk in the storage bag; (iii) refrigerating or freezing the storage bags filled with the cold pasteurized colostrum rich milk; (iv) warming the colostrum rich milk in the storage bag in a pasteurizer or warmer; and (v) feeding the colostrum rich milk to a calf by attaching a nipple or esophageal tube to the storage bag.

In another instance, a method of implementing the cold pasteurization system can include the steps: (i) collecting colostrum rich milk directly from an animal into a storage bag, the storage bag including the pasteurizing agent; (ii) mixing the pasteurizing agent with the colostrum rich milk in the storage bag; (iii) allowing the chemical pasteurizing agent to pasteurize the freshly collected colostrum rich milk; and (iv) feeding the pasteurized colostrum rich milk to a calf by attaching a nipple or esophageal tube to the storage bag. Of note, the chemical pasteurization system allows a rancher to pasteurize colostrum rich milk in the field without any additional equipment and feed a calf with the pasteurized colostrum rich milk that may be still warm from when collected.

Any product implemented in the present system, when pasteurized properly with food-safe compounds, can be a cost-effective alternative even for other food items such as water of questionable sources. For instance, water may be deposited into a storage bag having the chemical pasteurizing agent. The water may then be treated in the storage bag before being consumed by humans or animals.

In one embodiment, the storage bag can include a flexible, collapsible, liquid-tight container formed of heat-conductive sheet material and having pouring or dispensing spout means with closure means for same. The sheet material can comprise at least three laminated layers including a flexible heat conductive layer bonded to at least one flexible polymer layer on each side hereof. The central heat conductive layer can be a metal foil such as aluminum foil, and the inner polymer layer can be a thermoplastic polymer which is acceptable for contact with foodstuffs and suitable for thermal bonding to a layer of the same material. The outer layer can be a flexible polymer which is resistant to physical punctures and tears. In a preferred embodiment, the outer polymer layer can be polyethylene terephthalate and the inner layer a polyethylene, with both materials selected to be resistant to the temperatures intended for use in heat treating the contents of the container in a heat- treating process. The inner layers of polyethylene or other thermoplastic polymer are used to thermally bond the edges of the container together.

The spout can preferably comprise a round tube with external threads adapted to receive a screw cap or threaded dispensing fixtures. The tube can be thermally bonded into one upper corner of the container between the inner surfaces of the sheet material forming the container. Various useful fixtures can be attached to the spout, including specialized pouring means, nipple assemblies, esophageal feeders, filtering means and pressure control means. One embodiment is a nipple assembly comprising a nipple and a threaded nipple adapter. A second embodiment is an esophageal feeder with a threaded barb fitting for attachment to the threaded spout.

At least one handle (or grip) can be provided for carrying or suspending the storage bag, preferably on the upper and lower comers of the container opposite the spout. The upper handle can be used for handling the storage bags and for suspending them (e.g., within a heat transfer liquid for heat treatment). By using both upper and lower handles, the storage bag can be conveniently tipped for dispensing or feeding the liquid within. For economy of production, the storage bag is preferably formed from a pattern cut from a single sheet of laminated sheet material having a thermoplastic polymer on one side which can be used to thermally bond the edges together to form a liquid-tight storage bag. For convenience, the pattern can be cut, folded and bonded together at the edges to form a foldable bottom portion of the storage bag comprising a portion of sheet material folded within the lower portions of the sides of the storage bag, permitting the storage bag to stand upright on a flat surface when containing a portion of liquid.

A further embodiment provides a method or process of feeding a young animal with a dairy product pasteurized using a process described above, comprising steps of placing a quantity of at least one dairy product in at least one container as described above, pasteurizing the product(s) by mixing the product with the pasteurizing agent, cooling the product(s) to suitable feeding

temperature(s) and/or heating them to suitable feeding temperature(s) after cold storage, applying a nipple assembly or esophageal feeder to the spout of the container, tipping it at a suitable angle and inserting the nipple or feeder into the animal’s mouth. The filled bags can be defrosted and/or heated to suitable feeding temperatures by immersion in any convenient source of heated liquid for which the temperature can be monitored. The nipples to be used are designed for efficient suckling by the animals to be fed, but in some cases, pressure can be exerted on the container to induce flow through an oral or esophageal feeder.

In another embodiment, the container can include a flexible and collapsible liquid storage bag formed from sheet material and having a dispensing orifice. Except for a gusset (also typically made of the same sheet material and as described below), the bag can be substantially comprised of two sheets of sheet material that are thermally welded together or joined by any other suitable means along the perimeter of the sheets to form a substantially liquid tight vessel. In some variations, the sheets can be integral to each other and interconnected along folds. The dispensing orifice, typically a threaded spout comprised of thermoplastic materials, can be located at a top end and can be thermally welded to the sheet material to form a liquid-tight seal. In variations, the spout assembly can alternatively be adhesively secured to the sheet material. The threaded spout can be configured to receive a sealing cap thereon as well as other fittings used in the dispensing of the bag's contents.

A bottom end of the bag can typically be gusseted permitting the bag to expand more when filled to hold a greater quantity of liquid. The sheet material can include front and back walls that can extend downwardly beyond the gusset. The extended portions of the front and back sheets can be die cut (or otherwise created) to form a double handle that can be used in holding the bag during transport and can be used as a means to hang the bag, such as during a dispensing operation.

At a center portion of the bag, the front and back sheets can be thermally welded together (or otherwise joined). As can be appreciated, the size of the joined center portion can vary depending on several factors including, but not limited to, the strength of the thermoplastic material when laminated together, and the relative dimensions and desired volume of the bag. Further, the specific shape of the joined center portion can vary. For instance, the center portion can be ovular, rectangular or square, although rounded shapes are typically preferred to those having corners to minimize stress risers. As can be appreciated, variations of the joined center portion can include a center hole cutout. Advantageously, the joined center portion prevents the bag from expanding in the center when filled with liquid creating a bag that is more amenable to being stacked one on top of another in a cooler with less risk of the stack toppling.

In some embodiments of the storage bag, a self-healing injection port is provided at the spout. This feature permits a user to remove a sample of the contents of the bag or add contents to the bag using a sterile syringe without unduly risking contamination of the bag’s contents. As previously mentioned, embodiments are contemplated where the chemical pasteurizing agent is stored outside of the storage bag. Embodiments implementing the self-healing injection port can be implemented to administer the chemical pasteurizing agent after the storage bag has been filled with the colostrum rich milk.

Although flexible storage bags have been described for the container of the cold

pasteurization system, any container configured to store a fluid can be implemented. In some instances, a semi-rigid container (e.g., plastic bottle) with a single (or multiple) layer liner in the semi-rigid container may be implemented. The chemical pasteurizing agent may be deposited into the liner of the plastic bottle and the plastic bottle may be used to collect colostrum rich milk therein. In other instances, a rigid container (e.g., metal bottle) including a liner may be implemented as the container. In such an embodiment, the liner may be pre-filled with the pasteurizing agent and the metal bottle may be reusable after being sanitized. As can be appreciated, pre-filled liners having the pasteurizing agent can be inserted into the metal bottle for collection and pasteurization and then disposed of after feeding an animal. The metal bottle may be sanitized and then a new pre-filled liner can be inserted into the metal bottle for use.

Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in circumstances where economics prohibit the purchase of expensive pasteurization equipment. Many farms around the world, regardless of socioeconomics, are unable to purchase expensive pasteurization equipment. Further, small dairies will have a more difficult time justifying the expense of pasteurization equipment, but embodiments of the present invention offer a reasonable alternative. Similarly, in many economically challenged countries, embodiments of the present invention can offer a cost- effective alternative to purchasing conventional pasteurization equipment. Of note, power sources can be both unreliable and/or inadequate to operate heat treatment pasteurization systems.

Terminology

The terms and phrases as indicated in quotation marks (“”) in this section are intended to have the meaning ascribed to them in this Terminology section applied to them throughout this document, including in the claims, unless clearly indicated otherwise in context. Further, as applicable, the stated definitions are to apply, regardless of the word or phrase’s case, to the singular and plural variations of the defined word or phrase.

The term“or” as used in this specification and the appended claims is not meant to be exclusive; rather the term is inclusive, meaning either or both.

References in the specification to“one embodiment”,“an embodiment”,“another

embodiment,“a preferred embodiment”,“an alternative embodiment”,“one variation”,“a variation” and similar phrases mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or variation, is included in at least an embodiment or variation of the invention. The phrase“in one embodiment”,“in one variation” or similar phrases, as used in various places in the specification, are not necessarily meant to refer to the same embodiment or the same variation.

The term“couple” or“coupled” as used in this specification and appended claims refers to an indirect or direct physical connection between the identified elements, components, or objects.

Often the manner of the coupling will be related specifically to the manner in which the two coupled elements interact.

The term“directly coupled” or“coupled directly,” as used in this specification and appended claims, refers to a physical connection between identified elements, components, or objects, in which no other element, component, or object resides between those identified as being directly coupled. The term“approximately,” as used in this specification and appended claims, refers to plus or minus 10% of the value given.

The term“about,” as used in this specification and appended claims, refers to plus or minus 20% of the value given.

The terms“generally” and“substantially,” as used in this specification and appended claims, mean mostly, or for the most part.

Directional and/or relationary terms such as, but not limited to, left, right, nadir, apex, top, bottom, vertical, horizontal, back, front and lateral are relative to each other and are dependent on the specific orientation of a applicable element or article, and are used accordingly to aid in the description of the various embodiments and are not necessarily intended to be construed as limiting.

An Embodiment of a Cold Pasteurization System and Method(s) of Use

Referring to Figure 1, a detailed diagram of an embodiment 100 of a cold pasteurization system is illustrated. The cold pasteurization system 100 can typically be implemented with colostrum rich milk to remove the conventional step of pasteurization by heat. Of note, the cold pasteurization system 100 may not be limited to colostrum rich milk and may be implemented with other fresh dairy products and products normally pasteurized. Although a preferred embodiment has been designed for pasteurizing milk and other dairy products on dairy farms and the like, as well as storing and dispensing same, systems within the scope of the invention can be used for the processing of all sorts of fluid materials. The fluids will normally be liquids of low to moderate viscosity such as milk, but can also be more viscous dairy products such as colostrum, cream, dairy beverages, ice cream mix or cheeses. Slurry materials such as curds and whey, soups and other feeds and foodstuffs can also be processed using the system and methods disclosed herein.

As shown in Figure 1, the cold pasteurization system can include, but is not limited to, a container 102 and a chemical pasteurizing agent 104. Typically, the chemical pasteurizing agent 104 can be pre-filled into the container 102. For instance, the container 102 can come pre-filled with the pasteurizing agent 104. As can be appreciated, with a known container size, a pre-determined amount of chemical pasteurizing agent 104 can be pre-filled into the container based on an expected amount of liquid to be introduced into the container 102.

The container 102 can be any container configured to receive a liquid therein. Typically, the container 102 can be a flexible, heatable storage bag. For instance, a storage bag with a joined center portion, as described in U.S. Patent No. 10,334,819, can be implemented as the container 102. In another instance, a flexible heat treatment and storage bag, as described in U.S. Patent No. 8,336,495, can be implemented as the container 102. As can be appreciated, containers configured to receive milk (or other liquids) therein can be implemented in the cold pasteurization system 100. In one example, the container 102 may be a semi-rigid bottle (e.g., plastic bottle) having a predetermined volume and may include a liner. The pasteurizing agent 104 may be located inside the liner of the semi-rigid bottle. The semi-rigid bottle can include a cap and be adapted to receive a feeding nipple or esophageal feeder on a threaded opening for feeding an animal.

In one embodiment, the storage bag 102 can comprise at least a flexible front sheet (or wall) and a flexible back sheet (or wall). The sheets can be substantially rectangular in shape as is the resulting storage bag 102. Each of the front and back walls can include top, bottom, left and right edges. Typically, the back wall can be one or both of adhesively or thermally bonded to the front wall along at least two respective edges of the front and back walls.

The flexible sheets can be made of any suitable material but most typically comprise a thermoplastic polymer that permits the sheets to be thermally fused or bonded together with the application of sufficient heat. The process of joining the sheets can also be referred to as thermoplastic welding. In variations of the storage bag 102, the flexible sheet material can comprise materials other than a thermoplastic polymer, such as a coated fabric and a thermoset polymer. Instead of being thermally fused, the sheets or walls of bags using the sheet material variations can be joined by other means including adhesive bonding.

As shown, the storage bag 102 can typically include, but is not limited to, a storage area 110, a spout 112, and a cap 114. The storage area 110 can be configured to receive a fluid therein.

Typically, the chemical pasteurizing agent 104 can be located inside the storage area 110. Of note, embodiments are contemplated where the chemical pasteurizing agent 104 is stored externally to the storage bag 102 and added before or after a fluid has been deposited into the storage area 110. The spout 112 (or dispensing orifice) can be adapted to threadably couple to various components described hereinafter. For instance, a feeding nipple may be coupled to the spout 112. The spout 112 can be attached to one or both of the front and back walls permitting ingress and egress of a liquid into and out of the storage bag 102. The cap 114 can be threadably coupled to the spout 112 to seal the storage bag 102. The storage bag 102 may further include a handle formed in a gusset of the storage bag.

The chemical pasteurizing agent 104 can be selected from substances that are deemed safe for consumption by cattle and humans, since calves receiving the chemically pasteurized agent may end up as food for humans. For instance, bacteriocins and lantibiotics include many naturally occurring substances that can be implemented in combination with another substance to chemically pasteurize colostrum rich milk.

In one embodiment, the chemical pasteurizing agent 104 can include, but is not limited to, nisin, sodium percarbonate, and mixtures (or combinations) of nisin and sodium percarbonate.

In another embodiment, the chemical pasteurizing agent 104 can include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in some form or another. A free oxygen radical released by the H2O2 can then be part of the activation of other compounds. In one such product combination, calcium sulfate, sulfuric acid, bisulfate ion, and hydrogen peroxide can be implemented to work together in various concentrations and ratios as the pasteurizing agent 104.

In another embodiment, the chemical pasteurizing agent 104 can include chemicals that can be used to activate a lactoperoxidase enzyme. The lactoperoxidase enzyme may naturally be contained in milk secretions. The lactoperoxidase enzyme is included in an antibacterial“immune” system of milk and/or colostrum. The lactoperoxidase system naturally wanes after a few hours but can be chemically activated again. The lactoperoxidase enzyme can be reactivated by adding thiocyanate (in the form of sodium thiocyanate) at 14mg/L to activate the lactoperoxidase enzyme system in the colostrum. Next, a minute or so later H2O2 (e.g., in the form of sodium percarbonate) at 30mg/L can be added for 2-3 minutes. The activated system can be effective at killing microbes. Appendix A and Appendix B each include detailed descriptions of how to activate the

lactoperoxidase enzyme in milk and example methods thereof. Appendix A and Appendix B are each incorporated in their entirety and form part of this specification.

In yet another embodiment, the chemical pasteurizing agent 104 can include H2O2 (e.g., in the form of sodium percarbonate) mixed with an acetyl donor (e.g., peracetic acid). When the two compounds are manufactured in a specific manner to allow for slow release, the combined chemical can have an intense antimicrobial activity without toxicity to the host cells. In the case of colostrum, the proteins that need to be protected may not be damaged by the mixture of the two compounds. Appendix C includes a detailed description of implementing hydrogen peroxide and an acetyl donor. Appendix C is incorporated in its entirety and forms part of this specification.

In one instance, the chemical pasteurizing agent 104 can be in a dry powder form. In such an embodiment, after colostrum rich milk is deposited into the storage bag, a rancher may shake the bag to mix the dry powder with the liquid. Of note, after the colostrum rich milk and pasteurizing agent have mixed, the rancher can let the pasteurization step happen without having to do anything more.

In another instance, the chemical pasteurizing agent may be coated on walls of an interior of the storage bag. In such an embodiment, after the storage bag is filled with colostrum rich milk, the rancher may refrigerate the bag and let the pasteurization happen over time as the contents are cooled. After a predetermined amount of time, the storage bag may either be frozen or used to feed a calf.

Referring to Figure 2, a flow diagram of a method (or process) 200 of implementing the cold pasteurization system 100 is illustrated. Typically, a cold pasteurization system 100 can be provided to, or obtained by, a user for use in collecting, storing, and feeding colostrum rich milk to calves. Of significant note, the method 200 of implementing the cold pasteurization system 100 can eliminate the need for pasteurization by heat. Further, the pasteurization process can begin once the colostrum rich milk is deposited into the storage bag 102. This can help eliminate potential contamination by having the colostrum rich milk deposited directly into the storage bag 102, which may be sterile, and having the pasteurization process begin when the colostrum rich milk interacts with the chemical pasteurizing agent 104 located inside the storage bag 102.

In a first step 202, a user can collect a fluid (e.g., colostrum rich milk) into the storage bag 102. As previously mentioned, based on a size of the storage bag 102, a predetermined amount of chemical pasteurizing agent 104 can be provided in the storage bag 102. Typically, the colostrum rich milk can be deposited directly into the storage bag 102.

In a second step 204, the user can mix the pasteurizing agent 104 with the colostrum rich milk inside the storage bag 102. In one example, the user can agitate the contents of the bag 102 by shaking the bag. In another example, the user may simply allow the pasteurizing agent 104 to mix with the colostrum rich milk. It is to be appreciated that other means of mixing the pasteurizing agent 104 with the colostrum rich milk are contemplated and not outside a scope of the present invention. As previously mentioned, embodiments are contemplated where the pasteurizing agent 104 is encapsulated to be slowly released to contents in the storage bag 102.

In a third step 206, the user can refrigerate and/or freeze the storage bag 102 after the colostrum rich milk has been pasteurized. Depending on the type of pasteurizing agent

implemented, the user can wait a predetermined amount of time to allow the colostrum rich milk to be pasteurized. After the predetermined amount of time, the user may then refrigerate and/or freeze the storage bag 102 with the pasteurized colostrum rich milk inside. Of note, depending on the type of pasteurizing agent selected, the colostrum rich milk may be immediately refrigerated after being collected and the pasteurization can occur while the colostrum rich milk is being cooled.

In a fourth step 208, when the user is ready to feed an animal, they may warm the storage bag 102 containing the pasteurized colostrum rich milk to a preferred temperature. In a fifth step 210, the user may feed the pasteurized colostrum rich milk to the animal.

Depending on the animal, a nipple or an esophageal feeder can be implemented to feed the animal.

Referring to Figure 3 A, an example embodiment of a container 102' is illustrated. As shown, the container 102' may be a rectangular flexible bag for the storage, heating, and dispensing of liquids. The flexible storage bag 102' can be made of a flexible, heat-conductive laminated sheet material 150. Handholds (or cutout handles) can be provided at a top corner of a heat-treated flat portion of the bag opposite a spout 152. Optionally, a handhold can be located on a lower comer opposite the spout 152 as well. Edges of the bag can be heat sealed. Typically, larger portions of the bag 102', such as flat areas where the handholds are placed, can be heat sealed.

The spout 152 can include male threads. A screw cap or a similar closure can be applied to the spout 152 to retain contents inside the bag 102'. The spout 152 can preferably be positioned parallel to a plane of the empty bag and describing acute angles with respect to the top and side edges of the bag, preferably about 45 degrees as shown, to facilitate the use of the bag in feeding young animals or dispensing liquid products.

Referring to Figure 3B, a partial sectional view of an edge of the example bag 102' as seen in Figure 3 A is illustrated. The laminated sheet material 150 forming the bag can contain a central layer 154 of flexible, heat conductive material (e.g., aluminum foil), an outer layer 156 of a durable polymer material (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET)), and an inner layer 158 of a thermoplastic polymer (e.g., polyethylene). By a laminate or laminated material, it is meant that the several layers are fused, cemented, or otherwise physically secured to each other to produce an integral sheet material whose layers are not easily separated. Such sheet materials are commercially available from companies such as Coated Product Sales of Dayville, Conn., URL www.coatedproduct.com, as well as many other sources. The material originally employed an outer 12 micron layer of PET, a 7 micron central layer of aluminum foil, and a 100 micron inner layer of polyethylene. However, similar sheet materials could be manufactured from a variety of materials, using any strong, durable polymers which would withstand the temperatures of the heat treatments expected to be used with the bag and suitable flexible, heat conductive materials within.

Any suitable polymer material having the desired properties can be used for the outer layer, including polyesters, polypropylene and copolymers hereof, polyvinyl chloride and the like. The central layer need only be flexible and heat-conductive; while aluminum foil is suitable and commercially available, other metals including copper, silver, and even gold could be used. In addition, organic materials meeting these functional requirements could be used, including various forms of heat conductive graphite. The inner layer should be food safe, at least where the contents of the bag are to be fed to animals or humans; flexible, thermoplastic enough to be heat sealed at the edges but capable of withstanding the heat treatment temperatures for sufficient times to ensure the integrity of the bags while under treatment. Many types of polyethylenes and copolymers hereof could be used, with selections dependent upon economics and the temperature requirements of specific applications. As seen in Figure 3B, the inner layers 158 of the sheet material can be fused together at the edges to heat seal the bag at the edges.

Referring to Figure 4, a nipple assembly 160 including a nipple 162 and a nipple adapter 164 is illustrated. The nipple assembly 160 is one example of a nipple that can be implemented with the cold pasteurization system 100 and is not meant to be limiting. The nipple adapter 164 can be configured to threadably couple to the threaded spout 150 of the example storage bag 102'. The nipple 162 can have a slightly tapered round trunk shaped for proper suckling purposes and constructed of a flexible elastomer such as rubberized PVC, GLS 2701, a Dynaflex® styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer manufactured by GLS Corporation (with Shore Hardness about A-65), Texin® 285 (a polyester-based thermoplastic polyurethane produced by Bayer Materials), or suitable natural or synthetic rubbers or the like.

Referring to Figure 5, an exploded perspective view of an esophageal feeder 170 and a fitting 172 are illustrated. The esophageal feeder 170 is one example of an esophageal feeder that can be implemented with the cold pasteurization system 100 and is not meant to be limiting. The esophageal feeder can be attached to a barbed end of the fitting 172. The fitting 172 can be threadably coupled to the bag 102'. This esophageal feeder 170 can include flexible tubing of rubber, PVC, or other suitable material such as polyurethane or Tygon®, a vinyl polymer, having suitable durometer readings and clarity. Clear PVC materials having Shore Hardness figures of A-65 or A-67 have been found suitable.

To assemble a bag of pasteurized colostrum rich milk (or other pasteurized fluid), a user may first secure the nipple to the spout of the bag via the nipple adapter. This configuration can allow for a liquid-tight, secure connection of the nipple assembly to the bag, and easy cleaning or recycling of the nipples after use. The entire nipple is then placed into the mouth of the calf for feeding as the bag is inverted to allow the contents to empty. In a like manner, if esophageal feeding is required, the esophageal feeder assembly can be threaded onto the spout. The bag can then be inverted, holding it by upper and lower handles, and a clamp of the esophageal feeder can be opened enough to allow adequate flow of liquid from the bag to accomplish feeding the animal.

Referring to Figure 6, a perspective view of a self-healing injection port 180 is illustrated. Embodiments of the container 102 can include the self-healing injection port 180 that can permit access to the contents of the container 102. In one example, a syringe 182 can be implemented to either remove a sample or add pasteurizing agent to the container 102 without opening the spout 112 by removing the cap 114 and risking spillage or contamination. The injection port 180 can typically comprise a bore in a base portion of the container 102 that can extend therethrough and a self- healing elastomeric stopper secured in the bore to provide an air tight seal. Typically, a sterile syringe needle can be inserted into the container 102 through the stopper and pasteurizing agent can be added to the container 102. Thereafter, the syringe needle is removed and the elastomer closes at the slit to seal the contents from the atmosphere.

Alternative Embodiments and Variations

The various embodiments and variations thereof, illustrated in the accompanying Figures and/or described above, are merely exemplary and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention. It is to be appreciated that numerous other variations of the invention have been contemplated, as would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, given the benefit of this disclosure. All variations of the invention that read upon appended claims are intended and contemplated to be within the scope of the invention.

Appendices

Appendix A includes an article titled“The inhibitory effect of sodium thiocyanate and sodium percarbonate ratios on microorganism growth in raw milk samples as an effective treatment to extend milk quality during storage”. A detailed description of how to preserve milk by activating the lactoperoxidase system found in milk is described and can be implemented in the described cold pasteurization system.

Appendix B includes an article titled“GUIDELINES FOR THE RESERVATION OF RAW MILK BY USE OF THE LACTOPEROXIDASE SYSTEM”. A detailed description of a method for activating the lactoperoxidase system to preserve milk is described and can be implemented in the described cold pasteurization system.

Appendix C includes an article titled“Sustained antimicrobial activity and reduced toxicity of oxidative biocides through biodegradable microparticles”. A detailed description of

implementing a peroxygen donor (e.g., sodium percarbonate) with an acetyl donor (e.g., peracetic acid) and the slow release of the chemicals is described in detail.

Claims

Claims I claim:

1. A cold pasteurization system comprising:

a container; and

a chemical pasteurizing agent located inside the container, the chemical pasteurizing agent including sodium percarbonate;

wherein the chemical pasteurizing agent is adapted to interact with colostrum rich milk introduced into the container and pasteurize the colostrum rich milk.

2. The cold pasteurization system of claim 1, wherein the chemical pasteurizing agent is in a solid form.

3. The cold pasteurization system of claim 1, wherein the container includes a spout having external threads, the spout adapted to receive a screw cap or a female-threaded dispensing fixture for dispensing the pasteurized colostrum rich milk.

4. The cold pasteurization system of claim 3, the system further including:

at least one nipple assembly comprising a feeding nipple and a nipple adapter adapted to fit the spout.

5. The cold pasteurization system of claim 3, the system further including:

at least one esophageal feeding tube for directly feeding young animals, the at least one esophageal feeding tube adapted to fit the spout.

6. A method of implementing a cold pasteurization system, the method comprising:

providing a cold pasteurization system, the cold pasteurization system including:

a container; and

depositing colostrum rich milk into the container;

agitating the container to mix the chemical pasteurizing agent with the colostrum rich milk; waiting a predetermined amount of time for the chemical pasteurizing agent to pasteurize the colostrum rich milk; and

feeding the chemically pasteurized colostrum rich milk to a calf.

7. The method of claim 6, the method further including the steps of:

refrigerating the container while the colostrum rich milk is being chemically pasteurized; and

warming the chemically pasteurized colostrum rich milk before feeding the chemically pasteurized colostrum rich milk to the calf.

8. The method of claim 6, the method furthering including the steps of:

freezing the container and colostrum rich milk after the colostrum rich milk is chemically pasteurized; and

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the chemical pasteurizing agent further includes calcium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and bisulfate ion.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the chemical pasteurizing agent further includes peracetic acid.

11. A cold pasteurization system comprising:

a container; and

a chemical pasteurizing agent located inside the container, the chemical pasteurizing agent including calcium sulfate, sulfuric acid, bisulfate ion, and hydrogen peroxide;

12. A cold pasteurization system comprising:

a container; and

a chemical pasteurizing agent located inside the container, the chemical pasteurizing agent including sodium thiocyanate and sodium percarbonate; wherein the chemical pasteurizing agent is adapted to interact with colostrum rich milk introduced into the container and adapted to activate a lactoperoxidase enzyme in the colostrum rich milk.

13. A method of implementing a cold pasteurization system, the method comprising:

a container; and

a chemical pasteurizing agent located inside the container;

depositing colostrum rich milk into the container;

feeding the chemically pasteurized colostrum rich milk to a calf.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the chemical pasteurizing agent includes calcium sulfate, sulfuric acid, bisulfate ion, and hydrogen peroxide.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the chemical pasteurizing agent includes sodium percarbonate and peracetic acid.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the container is a flexible storage bag defined by:

a front wall comprising a flexible sheet material;

a back wall comprising the flexible sheet material; and

a dispensing orifice;

wherein (i) the back wall is one or both of adhesively or thermally bonded to the front wall along at least two respective edges of the front and back walls, and (ii) the dispensing orifice is attached to one or both of the front and back walls permitting ingress and egress of colostrum rich milk into and out of the storage bag.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the container is a flexible storage bag being formed from a heat conductive laminated sheet material having (i) a central layer of aluminum foil, (ii) a layer of polyethylene used for the inner surface of said bag, and (iii) an outer layer of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to provide a durable outer surface.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the flexible storage bag further includes a round spout thermally bonded into an upper portion of the bag, the spout being a round tube comprising external threads adapted to receive a screw cap or a female-threaded dispensing fixture for dispensing the liquid.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the female-threaded dispensing fixture includes a feeding nipple or an esophageal feeding tube.

20. A cold pasteurization system for pasteurizing colostrum rich milk, the system comprising:

a flexible storage bag being formed from a heat conductive laminated sheet material having (i) a central layer of aluminum foil, (ii) a layer of polyethylene used for the inner surface of said bag, and (iii) an outer layer of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to provide a durable outer surface; and

a chemical pasteurizing agent located inside the flexible storage bag, the chemical pasteurizing agent including sodium percarbonate;

wherein the chemical pasteurizing agent is adapted to interact with colostrum rich milk introduced into the flexible storage bag and pasteurize the colostrum rich milk.

21. A method of implementing a cold pasteurization system, the method comprising:

a flexible storage bag defined by (i) a front wall comprising a flexible sheet material, (ii) a back wall comprising the flexible sheet material, and (iii) a dispensing orifice; wherein (i) the back wall is one or both of adhesively or thermally bonded to the front wall along at least two respective edges of the front and back walls, and (ii) the dispensing orifice is attached to one or both of the front and back walls permitting ingress and egress of colostrum rich milk into and out of the storage bag; and

depositing colostrum rich milk into the flexible storage bag;

agitating the flexible storage bag to mix the chemical pasteurizing agent with the colostrum rich milk; waiting a predetermined amount of time for the chemical pasteurizing agent to pasteurize the colostrum rich milk; and

feeding the chemically pasteurized colostrum rich milk to a calf.

22. A method of implementing a cold pasteurization system, the method consisting essentially of: providing a cold pasteurization system, the cold pasteurization system including:

a flexible storage bag; and

a chemical pasteurizing agent located inside the flexible storage bag, the chemical pasteurizing agent including at least nisin and sodium percarbonate;

depositing colostrum rich milk into the flexible storage bag;

agitating the flexible storage bag to mix the chemical pasteurizing agent with the colostrum rich milk;

waiting a predetermined amount of time for the chemical pasteurizing agent to pasteurize the colostrum rich milk; and

feeding the chemically pasteurized colostrum rich milk to a calf.