WO2021015605A1

WO2021015605A1 - Wind power installation

Info

Publication number: WO2021015605A1
Application number: PCT/KZ2019/000011
Authority: WO
Inventors: Николай Садвакасович Буктуков; Бейсен Жакыпович Буктуков; Гульназ Жаксылыковна МОЛДАБАЕВА; Айтмухамед Кудайбергенулы Жакып
Original assignee: Николай Садвакасович Буктуков
Priority date: 2019-07-22
Filing date: 2019-07-22
Publication date: 2021-01-28

Abstract

A wind power installation comprises aerodynamic blades mounted above and below sail blades. Hingedly mounted to the end faces of the aerodynamic blades are transverse members, the opposite ends of which are rigidly connected to a shaft, and rigidly attached to the aerodynamic blades by means of bearings are V-shaped levers. Fastened to the shaft is a load restraint, on/in which a load is disposed such as to be capable of moving along the restraint. Rigidly attached to an aerodynamic blade by one end is a first lever, and rigidly attached to an opposite blade is a second lever, wherein the other end of the first lever is connected to a flexible link which passes over a first and second vertical sheave, the second end of the flexible link being fastened to an adjacent sail blade, to the other end of the second lever there is fastened another flexible link which passes over a third and fourth vertical sheave and is connected to the outer edge of a sail blade, a third flexible link is connected to the inner edge of a sail blade and passes over a fifth vertical sheave, the other end of said link being connected to the load, and rigidly fastened to the end faces of the sail blades are V-shaped levers. The result is an increase in the capacity factor of wind energy in terms of time and output independently of wind direction and speed.

Description

WIND POWER PLANT

The invention relates to wind energy and can be used for autonomous power supply of facilities and the generation of electricity in the power system.

Known wind power plant "Rotor with vertical shaft and wind turbine speed control" (Patent

031 105 A I), which relates to a wind turbine with speed or power control, a vertical shaft consisting of several molded pieces arranged on a rotating shaft with arcuate surfaces to transfer power to the main shaft; while the preforms are rotated to convert energy. The controlled movement is carried out by centrifugal mass force or an auxiliary drive.

The disadvantage of the invention is that the movement of the load on the tire is not always possible .; For example, if foreign objects blown by the wind or snow, as well as water and water freezing in the cold season, hit the tire, it will not allow the load to move along the tire, which will lead to breakdown of the unit at high wind speeds. If the tire is closed with a corrugated hose, then when water gets on the corrugations and the birth freezes, the resulting ice will not make it possible to compress hose Consequently, the load will not move on the tire, which will also lead to breakdown of the unit in strong winds. In addition, a knock is created between the load and the tire as the wind pressure on the blades will deflect the load towards the tire.

To increase power, it is necessary to increase the area of the blades (semicircular rims). And this leads to a decrease in the speed of rotation of the wind turbine, in connection with which the centrifugal force is significantly reduced and the movement of the load along the tire does not occur, therefore, there will be no control over the hopper power.

The next I disadvantage is that two blades (semicircular rims) uncontrollably close under the action of: wind force, when the wind direction coincides with the line passing through the axis of rotation between the vertical edges of two opposite blades (semicircular rims). This leads to jerky rotation of the wind turbine, which leads to premature destruction of the bearings of the main shaft and uneven loading of the generator.

Known wind power plant "Modified rotor Savonius" (US Patent US 6,283,7! I Ш). In this invention, the rotor consists of two profiles symmetrically located around the axis of rotation. Each profile consists of I of an outer blade with a leading edge and a tail edge! and an inner blade having a tail and a leading edge, attached to the tail edge of the outer blade. The outer blade has radyus ^· R and extends no more than Th 90 degrees around the rotation axis. The inner blade extends 180 degrees about an axis that is parallel to but offset from the axis of rotation. The radius of the inner loopasf is decimal fractions of the radius of the outer blade in the range from 0.6 to 0.8. Automatic speed limiting in one design, allowing centrifugal force to deform the inner blades in order to reduce the cross-sectional area of the air flow path through the rotor.

Disadvantage | of the present invention is as follows. In a position where! the blades will be perpendicular to the direction of the wind, the air does not get inside the blades, and the unit must pass this section of the rotation path due to inertia. Consequently, the power take-off to the generator will decrease the rotation speed, so rotation will be jerky. With an increase in the area of the blades, to increase the power, the rotation speed decreases, the inertial energy is not enough to overcome the rotation resistance created by the generator. The uniformity of rotation can be ensured by increasing the number of blades; however, in the present invention, this is not possible in principle, since any improvement requires an inventive step.

Known "Vertical-axial 'turbine" (UK Patent CB 2 420 597 A). The turbine consists of blades mounted around a central axis in such a way that they can rotate together around a central axis, with each turbine blade mounted on an axis towards its outer periphery around an axis, generally parallel to! central axis. The biasing device shifts the inner periphery of the turbine blades towards the central axis. When the loyalty of the turbine is on! are given into the fluid flow, they rotate together around the central axis, and as the speed of rotation increases, they rotate around the support against the displacement, meaning that there is a decrease in the speed of rotation.

Disadvantage! The invention is that the movement of the load along the shaft is not always possible. ! For example, if contact between the shaft and the load of foreign objects, listed by wind or snow from entering, and ^Vod] and freezing ⁱⁿ D ° ^s in the cold time of the year will not give the possibility of move the load up the shaft, which will lead to breakdown of the unit at high wind speeds. If the shaft was closed with a corrugated hose, then if water gets on the corrugations and water freezes, the resulting ice will not allow the hose to shrink. Consequently, the load will not move along the shaft, which will also lead to breakdown of the unit in strong winds. In addition, a knock is created between the load and the shaft as the wind pressure on the blades will deflect the load towards the shaft. In this case, it is possible to exclude the translational movement of the load along the shaft by removing the shaft between the blade supports. However, in this case, the uncontrolled movement of the load will not allow the blades to open and close at the same time. This reduces the efficiency of the speed control and can damage the unit in strong winds. In addition, to increase power, it is necessary to increase the parameters of the blades, as well as lengthen the joints, which leads to an increase in the diameter of the circle described by the supports. In this case, the speed of rotation (number of revolutions) decreases and the centrifugal force cannot deflect the blades (stands) and lift the load, which will exclude the regulation of the speed of rotation. In addition, the displacement of the center of gravity of the turbine blades | from the axis of rotation to the end of the joint also prevents the development of centrifugal force with increasing diameter.

Closest to the claimed invention is a Wind Power Plant (Patent RK 31790) of a state of a shaft, a load, two or more blades in the form of cylinder segments with inner and outer edges. The blades are fixed in torns between the inner and outer edges to the bearings. the blades at the points of attachment by bearings are rigidly fixed V-reverse levers, the ends of which are pivotally connected to each other by rods. Ba.it is pivotally connected to a support axle, which is rigidly fixed to the ground. A pulley is pivotally attached to the shaft and a weight limiter is rigidly mounted on the limiter body with the ability to move along the limiter The load is attached to one end of a flexible connection, which is thrown over the pulley and the other end is attached to inner blade cromtf. Between the blades in the form of cylinder segments, two more aerodynamic blades are installed. This and the blades also have inner and outer edges. Traverses are hinged at the ends of the aerodynamic blades closer to the center, the second ends of the engraver are rigidly connected! with a shaft. The outer edges of the aerodynamic blades at the ends are hinged ^ interconnected by traverses. The inner edge of one aerodynamic blade is connected by a flexible connection to the blade in the form of a segment of the cshdr between its inner edge and the axis. The flexible connection is thrown over a horizontal pulley, which is pivotally attached to the shaft. The outer edge of one aerodynamic blade is connected by a flexible connection to the load, which is thrown over a vertical pulley. The load is placed in / on the limiter with the possibility of vertical movement, the vertical pulley is pivotally attached to the shaft. The blade traverses in the form of cylinder segments are shorter than the traverses of the aerodynamic blades.

Disadvantage! This technical solution is that in winds with low speed only sail blades work, and aerodynamic ones! blades do not make a significant contribution to power generation.

The aim of the present invention is to develop a wind power plant (WPP) that allows:

»Increase! coefficient of efficiency, coefficient of utilization of rated power and coefficient of use in time;

• provide almost constant power of the power plant regardless of wind speed and direction;

• to simplify the design and increase the efficiency of work, both at low wind speeds and at high speeds;

• to improve the reliability of operation, with a significant increase in capacity, which leads to a decrease in cost and operating costs. The technical result is an increase in electricity generation, an increase in the utilization rate of wind energy in time and in power, regardless of the direction and speed of the wind, a simplification of the design and improvement of operational characteristics, a decrease in the specific cost of manufacturing and operating costs, an increase in the efficiency of wind power plants at small, medium and high wind speeds and reliability with an increase in the unit power of the wind power plant.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that when working aerodynamic! the efficiency of the blades increases. The use of sail blades and the installation of aerodynamic blades, as well as their design, significantly increases the efficiency of the wind farm at low wind speeds, since the aerodynamic blades at low wind speeds work like sailing blades. The ability to change the area! the swept surface due to the closing and opening of the sail and aerodynamic blades increases the range of used wind speeds, i.e. the utilization rate of wind energy increases over time. The deviation of the aerodynamic blades from their normal position allows them to work at low wind speeds Like sailing, and when the sailing blades are closed, they go to work! as aerodynamic, further closing of the sail blades with a further increase in wind speed does not allow increasing the rotation speed of the wind-receiving part of the wind farm, which ensures! reliable operation at high wind speeds and expands the range of used wind speeds.

The causal relationship between the essential features of the invention and the results achieved is that when

!

the application of these features, the wind power plant works effectively due to the sail x and ^ aerodynamic blades at low wind speeds as a sail

, and at higher speeds on the principle the tonnage force of an aircraft wing (aerodynamic principle). So, with small blades (in the form of segments of a hollow torus)

and aerodynamic blades, when the wind speed increases, the sail blades are covered by the wind pressure, the aerodynamic blades take a normal position and begin to work only as aerodynamic; This increases the efficiency. With a further increase in the wind, the sail blades close, and the aerodynamic; the sails deflect about their axis and resist rotation. This does not allow the rotation to be accelerated, which ensures the reliability of the wind farm operation. In addition, I increase the above signs! coefficient of use of wind energy over time, i.e. the wind farm will operate at a speed range of 2-3 to 60 m / s. As a result, the wind farm operates for a greater number of days, therefore, the generation of electricity will increase. But the more important factor is. that the increased parameters of the blades allow reaching the rated power at low wind speeds. And it is also possible to significantly increase the unit capacity of the installation without reducing reliability. This is achieved by the fact that at low wind speeds, for example, with sphrosity up to 8-10 m / s, the swept surface area increases due to the opening of the sail blades and changing the position and design of the aerodynamic blades, which at this time work like sail. With an increase in the wind speed, for example, up to 20-25 m / s, the area of the swept surface of the sail blades decreases due to the closing, and the aerodynamic edges take their normal position. With gusts of wind higher, for example, 25 m / wind pressure, the sail blades close. Reliability of work is also ensured due to the simplicity of the design and due to the fact that the area of the swept surface increases with decreasing wind speed and decreases with increasing wind speed. And with a significant increase in wind speed, the aerodynamic blades show resistance to rotation. It should be noted that when the blades are closed, as experiments have shown, the wind farm continues to operate for the following reason. When the blades are closed, the wind resistance decreases, the blades begin † to open, but due to the strong wind, the blades close again and continue! rotation.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 and FIG. I A shows the layout of the sail and aerodynamic blades, as well as the layout of the pulleys and flex links. FIG. 2a shows the position of the aerodynamic! blades in the absence of wind or weak wind, i.e. in the mode of operation as sailing in a weak wind, top view and in Fig, 26 - the position of the sail blades in the absence of wind or weak: wind, top view. PA Fig. For and in FIG. 36 shows respectively the position of the aerodynamic! and sailing blades when the wind increases. On Fit. 4a and 46 - the position of the aerodynamic and sailing blades at a wind speed, for example, from 8-10 to 20-25 m / s, top view. FIG. 5 - the position of the aerodynamic! blades in braking mode and in operation of sailing blades at a wind speed of more than 20-25 m / s, top view. FIG. 6- location of the load in the limiter.

The wind farm consists (Fig. 1 - 5) of a shaft 1, two or more aerodynamic! Blades 2 with outer and inner: edges, two or more sail blades 3 shaped parts of a hollow torus with outer and inner edges, V-shaped levers 4 aerodynamic blades 2 and V-shaped levers 5 of sail blades 3, rods of aerodynamic blades 6 inaruf blades 7, traverses (ties) of aerodynamic blades 8 and sail blades 9, levers of aerodynamic blades 10 and 1 1, flexible connection! 12, 13, and 14, pulleys 15, 15a, 16, 16a, 17, weight 18, stopper 19 (Fig. 6).

Aerodynamic blades 2 are located diametrically above and below the sail loops! 3. Aerodynamic blades 2 at the ends are pivotally connected to the outer ends of the traverse (screed) 8. The second end of the traverse 8 is rigidly fixed to the shaft 1 (Fig. 1 a-5a), at the junction of the screed 8 with the aerodynamic; blade 2 is rigidly fixed at one end of the lever 10, and on the opposite blade 2 is rigidly fixed lever 1 1 The other end of the lever 10 is connected to a flexible link 12, which is thrown over the vertical pulleys 15 and 15a (Fig. 1a-5a). The vertical pulley 15 and 1 5a are pivotally attached to the shaft 1, the second end of the flexible connection 12 is fixed to the adjacent sail] blade 3 between the inner edge and its axis (Fig. 26, 36, 46, 56). To the opposite blade 2 at the point of attachment to the traverse 8 is rigidly attached to the lever-1 1 to the other end is attached a flexible link 13. Flexible link 13 is passed through the vertical pulleys 16, 16a (Fig. 1 -5) and is connected to the outer edge of the blade 3 (Fig. . 26, 36, 46, 56). The vertical pulley 17 is articulated! attached to shaft 1 (Fig. 26, 36, 46, 56). Flexible link 14 is connected to the inner edge of the blade 3, passed through the pulley 17 (Fig. 26, 36, 46, 56). Other! the end of the flexible connection 14 is connected to the weight 18 (Fig. 6). The load 18 moves freely along the limiter 19, the limiter 19 is rigidly attached to the shaft D.

The separate messengers of the V-shaped levers 4 and 5 are pivotally connected, respectively, with the messengers of the rods-6 and 7 (Figs. 1-5). The common ends of the levers 4 are rigidly connected at the ends of the blades 2 (Fig. 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a). The common ends of the V-reversible levers 5 are rigidly connected to the sail blades 3 at the ends

(Fig. 26, 36, 46,

growth station is as follows. In the absence

the blades 3 are fully open (Fig. 26) due to the tension of the flexible connection 17 with the load 18 (Fig. 6), and the blades 2 are covered, as shown in Fit, 2a, i.e. traverse 8 and the axis of the blade 2 on the wide side form an acute angle sc (Fig. 2a). At low speeds, the wind pressure occurs on the open sail blades 3 (Fig. 26) and the aerodynamic blades 2 (Fig. 2a), the wind-receiving part begins to rotate, which through the shaft is transmitted to the electromechanical part (not shown in the drawings).

As the wind speed increases, the blades 3 begin to cover themselves due to the wind pressure (Fig. 36), and the blades 2 begin to deflect, i.e. the angle between the axis of the blade 2 and the face 8 increases to the angle a; in other words, the angle a;> em (Fig. 3a). With a further increase in wind, the blades 3 are closed to a greater extent (Fig. 46), and the blades 2 move to a position where its long axis will be perpendicular to the traverse 7 and begin to work as aerodynamic blades (Fig. 4a),

With a significant increase in wind speed, the sail blades 3 are closed (Phi). 56) and through flexible connection 12 deflect aerodynamic! . of the blade 2 from the position when its long axis is perpendicular to the traverse 8 to the position when its long axis from the sharp side of the blade 2 form an acute angle b with the traverse 8 (Fig. 5a). Blades 2 begin to resist rotation, i.e. slow down, which keeps the wind receiving part of the BPS from increasing the rotation speed. This increases the range of used wind speeds.

When the wind speed weakens, the pressure on the blades 3 decreases and the weight 1 8 drops) along the limiter 19 (Fig. 6), which leads to the opening of the blades 3, as shown in Fig. 26. This, in turn, loosens the tension of the flexible connection 12 and the blades 2 return to their original position (Fig. 2a).

In general, at low wind speeds, aerodynamic blades 2 and sail blades 3 operate as sail blades. When the wind accelerates, the aerodynamic blades 2 work as aerodynamic ones. In a strong wind, the sailing blades 3 are covered, reducing the area of the swept surface, and the aerodynamic allowances 2 go into the braking mode.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A wind power plant, including a shaft, a load, two or more aerodynamic blades having inner and outer edges, traverses are hinged at the ends of the aerodynamic blades closer to the center, the second ends of the traverses are rigidly connected to the shaft, at the ends between the inner and outer edges to the blades in the bearing points are rigidly fixed to the V-shaped lever and, the ends of which are pivotally connected to each other; rods, the shaft is attached pivotally pulley rigidly limiter Uruz ^on ^ ^the restrictor is a weight movable along the limiter, the load is fixed to one end of the flexible link which transferred through the pulley and the other end attached to the inner edge of the blade, characterized in that the aerodynamic the blades are diametrically located and installed above and below the sail blades, which are made in the form of a segment of a hollow torus, at the junction of the tie with the aerodynamic blade, the first lever is rigidly fixed at one end, and the second lever is rigidly fixed on the opposite blade, and the second lever is rigidly fixed at the other end! connected to a flexible link, which is thrown over two first and second vertical pulleys, which are pivotally attached to the shaft, the second flexible link is attached to the adjacent sail blade between the inner edge and its axis, another flexible link is attached to the other end of the second arm, which is passed through vertical tre Tew and fourth pulleys and connected to the outer edge of the sailing of the blade, a third · #, fourth and fifth vertical pulleys are hinged to! shaft, a third flexible link connected e the inner edge sailing Lopasov, passed through a fifth vertical pulley and the other horse _minutes which is connected with a load, in the highlanders of the sailing blades, V-shaped arms are rigidly attached, the separate ends of the V-shaped arms are pivotally connected to the ends of the rods,

2, According to claim 1, the inner side of the aerodynamic blades is concave inward.