WO2021014200A1

WO2021014200A1 - Adaptive turbine

Info

Publication number: WO2021014200A1
Application number: PCT/IB2019/057055
Authority: WO
Inventors: Максим Альфредович СИНАНИ
Original assignee: Максим Альфредович СИНАНИ
Priority date: 2019-07-21
Filing date: 2019-08-21
Publication date: 2021-01-28
Also published as: RU2718594C1

Abstract

The claimed invention relates to controlling and regulating wind-driven motors. The present adaptive turbine is intended for wind turbines with a vortex concentrator (1), and consists of a hub (2) which has rods (3) radiating therefrom which comprise blades (4), wherein each rod has a drive (5) responsible for the movement of the rod (3) out of the hub (2) and back. This technical solution makes it possible to modify the configuration of the turbine, converting it incrementally from a multi-bladed turbine into a three-bladed and two-bladed turbine, and to utilise the energy of the wind more efficiently across a wide range of speeds. When the rods (3) are fully retracted into the hub (2), the airflows have minimal action on the turbine blades (4) which reduces the risk of breakage in gale-force wind. All of these factors improve the reliability of the aforementioned wind turbines, and expand the operating range of wind speeds.

Description

Adaptive turbine

The claimed invention relates to wind energy, in particular to the control and regulation of wind turbines.

A wind turbine is known from the state of the art, patent RU2066396 was published on 09/10/1996. The turbine of the wind turbine of the said invention contains a wind wheel with telescopic blades, including the main and retractable blades, as well as a retractable blade drive. Depending on the wind speed, the wind wheel, due to the moving parts of the blades, changes the throwing area, decreasing it when the wind speed rises above the nominal values.

Since the number of blades remains the same, the speed (ratio of the linear velocity of the blade tip to the wind speed) of the turbine also remains constant. Consequently, other things being equal, when the radius of the swept area is halved, the turbine speed is doubled. At the same time, the power of the air flow passing through the swept area will decrease by four times, since directly

proportional to the area swept by the turbine blades. As a result, the torque on the shaft (directly proportional to the power and inversely proportional to the rotational speed), thanks to this technical solution, can be reduced by a factor of eight, which makes it possible to increase the upper limit of the operating range of wind speed by two times - the cubic root of eight (wind turbine power proportional to the cube of wind speed).

The main disadvantages of this solution are:

- high requirements for the adjustment of moving and stationary parts in order to avoid jamming when moving relative to each other, since the moving and stationary parts must have an aerodynamic profile and, according to the author, different twists;

- high requirements for balancing the wind turbine in all operating modes, since uneven retraction of moving parts at high speeds will lead to turbine imbalance and dangerous vibrations on the shaft, which can lead to failure of the wind turbine; - the specified technical solution does not affect in any way a decrease in the lower limit of the operating range of wind speed, as well as a decrease in the starting speed of the wind turbine, since additional blades are needed to increase the moment on the shaft at low wind speed. And multi-blade systems, as you know, have an efficiency lower than three- or two-blade (the wind energy utilization rate is not higher than 38%) and a speed of less than 3x. This means that the multi-vane installation is ineffective at wind speeds above 10 m / s, since the high-speed air flow perceives the multi-vane wind wheel as a disk and simply bends around it.

Another technical solution is a wind turbine, patent RU2078995 was published on May 10, 1997. The wind turbine contains a convergent flow concentrator on a rotary base and a turbine with "elliptical turbolines" and telescopic retractable blades.

Unlike the previous technical solution, this wind turbine contains an air flow concentrator, which reduces the starting speed.

The main disadvantages, in addition to those indicated in the previous invention, are:

- the need to orient the entire installation with the concentrator to the wind, which requires additional power;

- inefficiency with rapidly changing wind direction;

- in closed converging concentrators, a back pressure is created due to the deceleration of the air flow after the transfer of energy to the turbine, and the oncoming flow begins to bend around the installation, which, in turn, leads to a loss of power.

Another technical solution is a vortex concentrator of an air stream, patent RU2655422C1 was published on May 28, 2018. The vortex concentrator consists of wind guiding elements, in which the trailing edge of the root part of one wind guiding element faces the leading edge of the root part of the next wind guiding element, forming a surrounded

working area with wind guiding elements, while twisting

wind guiding elements from root to end unfolds the outlet edges and tilts the wind guiding elements to the specified working area of the vortex concentrator.

Air flows entering the specified vortex concentrator move in a spiral to the working area where the turbine is located. At the same time, since the flows tend to maintain their original direction of movement, they move close to the inner surfaces of the wind guiding elements. The flow width is no more than 25% of the working area radius. The rest,

the central part of the working area, the radius of which is, respectively, not less than 75% of the radius of the entire working area, there is no movement of air flows. This property is typical for the entire class of similar devices that form vortex air flows.

The vortex concentrator is devoid of the disadvantages of the previous technical solution:

- does not require orientation to the wind;

- effective even with rapidly changing wind direction;

- due to the absence of closed confuser or confuser channels, no supporting pressure is created after the transfer of part of the energy of the air flow to the turbine.

The claimed invention is aimed at solving the technical problem of expanding the operating range of wind speed, increasing the reliability of wind turbines with a vortex concentrator.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed adaptive turbine is located in the working area of the vortex concentrator and consists of a hub with rods radially diverging from it with blades, each of which has a drive responsible for moving the rod from the hub and back. In addition, the rod drives can be connected to the turbine auto-balancing system, the rods can have an additional drive, which is responsible for turning the rod around its axis to change the angle of attack of the blade, and the hub can be equipped with a fairing. The technical result provided by the reduced set

signs is that, firstly, the blades of the adaptive turbine can be selectively partially removed from the air flows formed

wind-guiding elements of the vortex concentrator, and start it back, changing the effect of air flows on each blade separately, during second, by completely pushing the rods of individual groups of blades into the hub, it is possible to change the configuration of the turbine, gradually transforming it from a multi-blade (with a speed of less than 3x and a starting speed of less than 1 m / s) into a three- and

a two-blade turbine and vice versa, without sharp and significant deviations of the torque on the turbine shaft from the nominal value, and, thirdly, all the blades can be completely removed from the air flows. This allows for more efficient use of wind energy in a wide range of speeds, and also ensures the smooth running of all moving parts in the chain of transmission of torque from the turbine to the generator. With the rods fully retracted into the hub, there is no air flow on the turbine blades, which prevents the risk of blade breakage in stormy winds. All this increases the reliability of this turbine and the wind turbine as a whole.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which do not cover and, moreover, do not limit the entire scope of claims of this technical solution, but are only illustrative material of a particular case of implementation.

Figure 1 shows a general view of an adaptive turbine with twelve rods with blades and a vortex concentrator with six wind guides

elements. For the formation of air flows in the area swept

an adaptive turbine, the wind-guiding elements of the vortex concentrator correspond (1). The adaptive turbine consists of a hub (2) with rods (3) radially diverging from it with blades (4), each of which has a drive (5) responsible for moving the rod (3) from the hub (2) and back.

Figure 2 shows an adaptive turbine with a vane configuration (4) 6/6 - with six fully extended rods (3) and six rods (3) fully retracted into the hub (2).

An adaptive turbine can be manufactured as follows.

The hub (2) can be made of metal structures, sheathed

polymer or composite materials. Stem cylinders (3) can be made of stainless steel, and the stems (3) can be made of pipes, both stainless steel and composite materials. The blades (4) can be made of composite materials. The drives (5) of the rods (3) can be either hydraulic or electromechanical.

In the first case, a double-flow hydraulic distribution is used, controlled by spools. The hydraulic pump can be one or more, depending on the organization of the hydraulic distribution - with a breakdown of the cylinders of the rods into groups for the distribution of the power required to control the adaptive turbine, or without breakdown.

In the second case, the drives can consist of servomotors and worm gears, where gear racks are placed along the cylinders of the rods on two opposite sides (so that there are no distortions during movement), into engagement with which the worms are driven by the servomotors. The first option is cheaper, and the second is more accurate in positioning the rods.

The adaptive turbine works as follows.

The trapped air flows are directed by the wind guiding elements of the vortex concentrator (1) in such a way that the maximum effect on the blades (4) of the adaptive turbine is exerted by the air flows only when the rods (3) are fully extended from the hub (2), since the linear velocity of the air flows is maximum at the outer the edge of the area swept by the adaptive turbine and decreases to zero when moving towards the center of the specified area. This allows the drives (5) of the rods (3) to fully or partially remove the turbine blades (4) from the influence of air flows, keeping the torque on the shaft constant and equal to the nominal value both in light winds, less than 7 m / s, and in winds above 12 m / s. In this case, each movement of the rods (3) is controlled by means of feedback by the auto-balancing system, which eliminates turbine unbalance and reduces the load on the turbine shaft bearings, increasing their service life. Also, the presence of an auto-balancing system reduces the requirements for the quality of manufacture and calibration of each blade (4), which reduces the cost of the adaptive turbine during serial production.

Claims

Claim

1. An adaptive turbine, characterized by the fact that it is located in the working area of the vortex concentrator and consists of a hub with rods radially diverging from it with blades, each of which has a drive responsible for moving the rod from the hub and back.

2. An adaptive turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod drives are connected to the turbine auto-balancing system.

3. Adaptive turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods have

an additional drive responsible for turning the rod around its axis to change the angle of attack of the blade.

4. An adaptive turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the hub can be

equipped with a fairing.