WO2021007872A1 - 一种高声压传声器校准装置、系统以及方法 - Google Patents
一种高声压传声器校准装置、系统以及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021007872A1 WO2021007872A1 PCT/CN2019/096670 CN2019096670W WO2021007872A1 WO 2021007872 A1 WO2021007872 A1 WO 2021007872A1 CN 2019096670 W CN2019096670 W CN 2019096670W WO 2021007872 A1 WO2021007872 A1 WO 2021007872A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
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- the invention relates to the technical field of microphone calibration, and more precisely, to a high sound pressure microphone calibration device, system and method.
- the noise sound pressure level produced by vehicles is much higher than ordinary life or industrial noise, usually above 100dB.
- the highest sound pressure level sometimes even exceeds 160dB, which exceeds the measurement range of most common microphones on the market.
- the main structures of common sound calibrators on the market include sound source (loudspeaker) and coupling cavity structure.
- the calibration frequencies are usually 250Hz and 1kHz.
- the standard sound pressure levels are often 94dB, 114dB and 124dB.
- calibrators are only suitable for sound pressure level calibration.
- Method for high sound pressure microphones that usually work in an environment of about 160dB, the sound pressure level of traditional calibration equipment cannot meet the calibration requirements; in addition, if the cavity is not improved, only the speaker input is increased, and the traditional calibration equipment is calibrating After the sound pressure exceeds a certain limit (for example, above 160dB), the total harmonic distortion of the sound wave in the cavity increases, and accurate calibration results cannot be provided.
- the high sound pressure microphone calibration device belongs to the category of sound calibrators.
- the sound calibrator is a calibration equipment commonly used in acoustic testing. When it is coupled to a specified model and structure A device capable of producing one or more known sound pressure levels at one or more specified frequencies when used on a microphone.
- TDD total harmonic distortion
- high sound pressure microphones pay more attention to the total harmonic distortion (THD) index when calibrating. This is because in the high sound pressure environment, the output signal of ordinary microphones is distorted (> 10%) , Leading to inaccurate test results.
- the distortion technology of high sound pressure microphones requires that the distortion within the measurement sound pressure range is less than 3%. Therefore, the calibration device used for high sound pressure microphones can not only generate sufficiently high sound pressure levels, but also It is necessary to ensure that the sound harmonic distortion provided by the calibration device is very low, so that the signal distortion of the microphone itself can be accurately measured during the calibration process.
- the patent of the invention designs a device, system and method suitable for calibration of high sound pressure microphones, which solves the problem of low sound pressure level and high sound pressure distortion of common calibration devices on the market. High degree of problem.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-sound pressure microphone calibration device, system and method, providing a high-sound pressure calibration sound source, the calibration sound source can reach 170dB, and the harmonic distortion of the calibration sound source can be maintained below 1%.
- the present invention provides a high sound pressure microphone calibration device, which includes a speaker and a coupling cavity; the coupling cavity is composed of nested tubular cavities of different sizes; the speaker is fixedly arranged on the coupling The bottom of the cavity forms the back cavity of the speaker.
- the coupling cavity includes a resonance tube, a transition tube, and a small tube.
- the resonance tube, the transition tube and the small tube are coaxial round-tube sound cavities; the bottom of the resonance tube is provided with the speaker, and The speaker is close to the inner wall of the resonance tube; the top of the resonance tube is connected with the transition tube, the wall of the transition tube is provided with a reference microphone jack, and the top of the transition tube is provided with a calibration microphone jack; the small tube is fixed Inside the transition tube, the upper half of the small tube is a hollow tube structure, and the lower half is a solid column structure.
- the cross-sectional area of the resonant tube is much larger than the area of the microphone pickup surface
- the cross-sectional area of the transition pipe is slightly smaller than the cross-sectional area of the resonant pipe
- the cross-sectional area of the small tube is equivalent to the area of the pickup surface of the microphone.
- the length ratio of the hollow tube structure of the small tube to the solid column structure is 4:6.
- both the top of the resonance tube and the bottom of the transition tube are provided with threads, and a fixed connection is made through the threads.
- the small tube is fixed on the transition tube by a bracket, and the tail of the solid column structure of the small tube is arranged in the resonance tube.
- the resonance tube, the transition tube and the small tube are aluminum thin-walled tubes.
- a high-sound pressure microphone calibration system which includes the above-mentioned high-sound pressure microphone calibration device, and further includes: a signal generator for outputting electrical signals of different frequency types;
- a power amplifier for receiving the electrical signal output by the signal generator and increasing the signal power to drive the speaker to emit an acoustic signal
- a spring yoke is used to compact the calibration microphone in the calibration microphone jack to prevent sound leakage;
- a data acquisition card is used to collect electrical signals from the reference microphone and the calibration microphone and convert them into digital signal;
- the computer is equipped with test software for harmonic distortion and sound pressure level measurement functions, which is used for real-time monitoring of the collected signal values and data for processing.
- the spring yoke is a disc with a spring, and a central hole is arranged in the middle of the disc.
- the diameter of the central hole is slightly smaller than the front of the calibration microphone, so that the calibration sensor is tightly plugged in the A small plug is provided in the central hole of the disc and at the end of the spring of the spring yoke, which can be fixedly connected with the transition pipe of the high sound pressure microphone calibration device.
- a method for calibrating a high-sound pressure microphone includes the following steps:
- Step 1 Insert the microphone to be calibrated into the calibrated microphone jack on the top of the transition tube, and fix it securely with a spring yoke;
- Step 2 Insert a reference microphone into the reference microphone jack on the wall of the transition pipe to perform a fixed seal
- Step 3 Connect the calibration microphone and reference microphone to the data acquisition card and the computer installed with the test software for harmonic distortion and sound pressure level measurement;
- Step 4 Electrically connect the speaker with the power amplifier and signal generator, turn on the signal generator for signal source input, and gradually increase the output sound pressure level of the speaker by adjusting the amplification of the input signal and the power amplifier, which can be measured on the computer Observe the sound pressure level measured by the reference microphone in the software to monitor the sound pressure value in the coupling cavity of the high sound pressure microphone calibration device;
- Step 5 Adjust the sound pressure level in the coupling cavity to a medium sound pressure first, and perform sound pressure calibration on the calibration microphone based on the sound pressure level measured by the reference microphone;
- Step 6 After the sound pressure calibration is completed, gradually increase the output sound pressure level of the loudspeaker to reach the sound pressure value required by the test. At this time, the distortion value of the calibrated microphone can be measured to determine whether the technical index requirements are met.
- the invention discloses a high sound pressure microphone calibration device, system and method, which solve the problems of low sound pressure level and high distortion under high sound pressure of common calibration devices on the market, and the total harmonic distortion does not exceed 1%.
- the sound pressure level of the calibrated sound source can be as high as 170dB, which meets the calibration requirements of most high sound pressure microphones.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a calibration device for a high sound pressure microphone of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of A in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calibration system for a high sound pressure microphone of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the spring yoke of the calibration system for the high sound pressure microphone of the present invention.
- any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiment may have different values.
- the present invention discloses a new type of high sound pressure microphone calibration device, as shown in Figure 1, mainly composed of a loudspeaker 1 and a specially designed coupling cavity 2.
- the coupling cavity is nested by three different sizes of tubular cavities Combined, the special cavity design is mainly to improve impedance transition and reduce acoustic distortion (THD).
- TDD acoustic distortion
- the coupling cavity 2 in FIG. 1 includes a resonance tube 21, a transition tube 22, and a small tube 23.
- the resonance tube 21, the transition tube 22, and the small tube 23 are coaxial circular tube acoustic cavities, and the bottom of the acoustic cavity of the resonance tube 21
- the loudspeaker 1 is provided, and the loudspeaker 1 is close to the inner wall of the resonance tube 21 and at the same time forms a loudspeaker back cavity 24.
- the top of the resonance tube 21 is connected to the tail of the transition tube 22, the small tube 23 is fixed inside the transition tube 22, the small tube 23 is a half-through tube, the upper half is a hollow tube structure 231, and the lower half is a solid column structure 232.
- the tail of the solid column structure 232 is arranged in the resonance tube 21, wherein the resonance tube 21 is used for sound source resonance, and the transition tube 22 and the small tube 23 are used for reducing the sudden change of acoustic impedance and reducing harmonics.
- Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view at A in Figure 1.
- a resonant cavity must be installed on the speaker 1.
- the resonant frequency of the resonant tube 21 designed in the present invention is 500 Hz, and its cross-sectional area is much larger than Commonly used 1/2 inch or 1/inch microphone pickup surface area. At this time, the area ratio is very large, resulting in a sudden change in the acoustic impedance at the exit of the resonance tube 21. Most of the sound waves are reflected at the exit of the resonance cavity, especially those with shorter wavelengths. High-frequency sound waves will be reflected multiple times, which will increase the harmonic components of the test frequency point and increase the total harmonic distortion of the sound in the device cavity, which will affect the test results.
- a transition tube 22 with a cross-sectional area slightly smaller than the resonance tube 21 is added to reduce the difference between the cross-sectional area of the resonance cavity and the area of the microphone pickup surface.
- the transition tube 22 is added, the second half of the 500 Hz sound wave in the calibration device cavity is added.
- the third harmonic component has significantly decreased.
- only one transition tube has a limited effect.
- a small tube 23 with a cross-sectional area smaller than 1/4 inch microphone (common signal of high sound pressure microphone) and coaxial with the resonance tube 21 and transition tube 22 is added to the tube 22.
- the small tube 23 is a half-through tube, the upper half Part of it is a hollow tube structure 231, and the lower part is a solid column structure 232. Its opening is close to the microphone pickup surface, which acts like a high-pass filter. High-frequency harmonics resonate in the small tube 23 before entering the microphone for pickup. Consumption, thereby reducing the harmonic amplitude at the microphone, the small tube 23 further reduces the impedance mutation on the basis of the transition tube 22, and further reduces the harmonic distortion in the acoustic cavity.
- the present invention also provides a new high-sound-pressure microphone calibration system, including the above-mentioned high-sound-pressure microphone calibration device, and also includes a signal generator 3, a power amplifier 4, a reference microphone 5, a calibration microphone 6, Spring yoke 7, data acquisition card 8, computer 9, the functions of each module of the calibration test system are as follows:
- Data acquisition card 8 Automatically collect electrical signals from the reference microphone 5 and the calibration microphone 6, convert them into digital signals and input them into the computer 9 for further processing.
- Computer 9 It is necessary to install test software with harmonic distortion and sound pressure level measurement functions for real-time monitoring of signal values collected by the microphone and data post-processing.
- Spring yoke 7 used to compact the calibration microphone 6 in the calibration microphone jack of the high sound pressure microphone calibration device to prevent sound leakage.
- Signal generator 3 Output electrical signals of different frequency types to the power amplifier 4.
- the electrical signal amplitude is small and needs to be amplified by the power amplifier 4 to drive the speaker 1.
- professional signal generator or computer sound card can be used As a signal generator.
- Power amplifier 4 Power amplifier. After receiving the electrical signal output by the signal generator 3, it increases the signal power and then outputs it to drive the speaker 1 to emit an acoustic signal. In a specific application process, the signal amplification factor is adjustable.
- the resonance tube 21 is preferably an aluminum thin-walled cylindrical tube.
- the resonance tube is the largest coupling cavity in the calibration device. It is used to make the sound wave resonate at a frequency of 500 Hz. After resonance, the sound pressure level in the cavity can be increased by at least 10dB. .
- the bottom of the resonance tube is a 3.5-inch loudspeaker and the loudspeaker back cavity 24, which are used as the sound source of the calibration device, and the top of the resonance tube 21 is threaded for connecting the transition tube;
- the transition tube 22 is an aluminum thin-walled cylindrical tube with an inner diameter of about 1/4 of the resonance tube 21, and the bottom is connected to the top of the resonance tube 21 by threads.
- the wall of the transition tube 22 is provided with a reference microphone jack 221.
- the function of the reference microphone is to monitor the sound pressure level in the calibrator and provide a reference value for the harmonic distortion of the calibration sound source.
- the top of the transition tube 22 is a calibration microphone jack 222, which is loud
- the pressure microphone is usually a 1/4 inch type. When calibrating, you need to connect an adapter and then insert the calibration microphone jack 222.
- the reference microphone 5 is a calibrated standard high sound pressure microphone used to monitor the sound pressure level value in the calibrator in real time;
- the small tube 23 is an aluminum thin-walled half-through tube with a small inner diameter.
- the hollow part 231 occupies about 40%, and the solid part 232 occupies about 60%. It is fixed at the center of the transition tube 22 by a thin wire bracket 10; One end of the solid column structure 232 is located in the acoustic cavity of the resonance tube 21, and one end of the hollow tube structure 231 of the small tube 23 is located in the acoustic cavity of the transition tube 22.
- a spring yoke 7 is used to press and fix the tail of the calibration microphone 6.
- the spring yoke 7 is a perforated disc with two springs 72.
- the diameter of the hole in the center of the disc 71 is slightly smaller than that of the front microphone.
- the microphone can be tightly plugged in the disc hole.
- the small tail plug 73 can be inserted into the positioning hole on the side of the transition tube 22 to fix the spring yoke 7.
- the function of the spring yoke 7 is to compact the microphone in the calibration microphone jack 222 by the spring tension to prevent sound leakage.
- Step 1 Connect the microphone to be calibrated to the adapter and insert it into the calibrated microphone jack on the top of the high sound pressure calibrator device, and secure it with a spring yoke;
- Step 2 Insert the reference microphone into the reference microphone jack for fixing and sealing. In actual operation, it can be fixed by a sealing adapter and rubber band;
- Step 3 Connect the calibration microphone and reference microphone to the data acquisition card and the computer installed with the test software for harmonic distortion and sound pressure level measurement;
- Step 4 Electrically connect the speaker with the power amplifier and signal generator, turn on the signal generator for signal source input, and gradually increase the output sound pressure level of the speaker by adjusting the input signal and the amplification factor of the power amplifier, which can be measured on the computer Observe the sound pressure level measured by the reference microphone in the software to monitor the sound pressure value in the coupling cavity of the high sound pressure microphone calibration device;
- Step 5 Adjust the sound pressure level in the coupling cavity to a medium sound pressure (preferably, such as about 100dB), and perform sound pressure calibration on the calibration microphone based on the sound pressure level measured by the reference microphone;
- a medium sound pressure preferably, such as about 100dB
- Step 6 After the sound pressure calibration is completed, gradually increase the output sound pressure level of the loudspeaker to reach the sound pressure value required by the test. At this time, the distortion value of the calibrated microphone can be measured to determine whether the technical index requirements are met.
- the harmonic distortion of the sound field in the cavity is 0.44%.
- the high sound pressure microphone calibration device, system and method disclosed in the present invention solve the problems of low sound pressure level and high distortion under high sound pressure of common calibration devices on the market, and the total harmonic distortion does not exceed 1%
- the sound pressure level of the calibrated sound source can be up to 170dB under the conditions of, which meets the calibration requirements of most high sound pressure microphones.
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种高声压传声器校准装置、系统以及方法，其中装置包括扬声器和耦合腔体，所述扬声器固定设置于所述耦合腔体的底部，形成扬声器后腔，所述耦合腔体由不同尺寸的管状腔体嵌套组成，包括共振管、过渡管和小管，所述共振管、所述过渡管和所述小管为同轴圆管声腔。本发明公开的一种高声压传声器校准装置、系统以及方法，解决了市面上常见校准装置声压级低、高声压下失真度高的问题，在总谐波失真不超过1％的条件下，校准声源声压级最高可达170dB，满足大部分高声压传声器的校准要求。
Description
本发明涉及传声器校准技术领域，更准确地说，涉及一种高声压传声器校准装置、系统以及方法。
随着航空、高速铁路、城市轨道交通等交通运输领域的不断发展，在其生产研发过程中对噪声相关指标的要求也逐步提高。与目前常见的扬声器测试、噪声检测等不同的是，交通工具(如飞机、火车等)在工作过程中所产生的噪声声压级比一般生活或工业噪声要高得多，通常在100dB以上，最高声压级有时甚至超过160dB，超过了市面上大部分常见传声器的测量范围。市面上常见的声校准器主要结构包括声源(扬声器)和耦合腔结构，校准频率通常为250Hz和1kHz，标准声压级常为94dB、114dB和124dB，这些校准器仅适用于声压级校准方法，对于通常工作在160dB左右环境下的高声压传声器，传统校准设备的声压级并不能满足其校准需求；另外，如果不改进腔体，仅靠单纯提高扬声器输入，传统校准设备在校准声压超过一定限值后(如160dB以上)，腔内声波的总谐波失真升高，无法提供准确的校准结果。
上述情况下，适用于测量高声压噪声的传声器应运而生，高声压传声器校准装置属于声校准器类，声校准器是声学测试中常用的校准设备，当其耦合到规定型号和结构的传声器上时，能在一个或多个规定频率上产生一个或多个已知声压级的装置。与常见传声器使用声压校准不同，高声压传声器在校准时更关注总谐波失真(THD)指标，这是因为在高声压环境下，普通传声器的输出信号失真较大(＞10％)，导致测试结果不准确，通常高声压传声器的失真技术要求为测量声压范围内失真＜3％，因此用于高声压 传声器的校准装置，除了能产生足够高的声压级外，还要保证校准装置所提供的声音谐波失真很低，才能在校准过程中准确衡量传声器本身的信号失真情况。
为了保证高声压传声器的测量精度和准确性，本发明专利设计了一种适用于高声压传声器校准的装置、系统和方法，解决市面上常见校准装置声压级低、高声压下失真度高的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高声压传声器校准装置、系统以及方法，提供高声压校准声源，校准声源可达170dB，还能使校准声源的谐波失真维持在1％以下。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一方面，本发明提供了一种高声压传声器校准装置，其中：包括扬声器和耦合腔体；所述耦合腔体由不同尺寸的管状腔体嵌套组成；所述扬声器固定设置于所述耦合腔体的底部，形成扬声器后腔。
优选的，所述耦合腔体包括共振管、过渡管和小管，所述共振管、所述过渡管和所述小管为同轴圆管声腔；所述共振管底部设置有所述扬声器，所述扬声器紧贴所述共振管内壁；所述共振管顶部连接有所述过渡管，所述过渡管管壁设置有参考传声器插孔，所述过渡管顶部设置有校准传声器插孔；所述小管固定在所述过渡管内部，且所述小管上半部分为中空管结构，下半部分为实心柱结构。
优选的，所述共振管的截面积远大于传声器拾音面面积，所述过渡管的截面积略小于所述共振管的截面积，所述小管的截面积与传声器的拾音面面积相当。
优选的，所述小管的中空管结构和所述实心柱结构长度比例为4：6。
优选的，所述共振管顶部和所述过渡管底部均设置有螺纹，通过所述螺纹进行固定连接。
优选的，所述小管通过支架固定于所述过渡管上，所述小管的实心柱结构的尾部设置在所述共振管中。
优选的，所述共振管、所述过渡管和所述小管为铝材质薄壁管。
另一方面，提供了一种高声压传声器校准系统，其中包括上述所述的高声压传声器校准装置，还包括：信号发生器，用于输出不同频率类型的电信号；
功率放大器，用于接收所述信号发生器输出的所述电信号，增大信号功率，以驱动所述扬声器发出声信号；
参考传声器；
校准传声器；
弹簧轭，用于将所述校准传声器在所述校准传声器插孔中压实，防止声泄露；数据采集卡，用于从所述参考传声器和所述校准传声器中采集电信号，并转换为数字信号；
计算机，安装有谐波失真和声压级测量功能的测试软件，用于实时监控采集的信号值和数据后进行处理。
优选的，所述弹簧轭为带有弹簧的圆盘，所述圆盘中间设置有中央孔，所述中央孔的直径略小于所述校准传声器前置，使所述校准传感器紧塞于所述圆盘的所述中央孔内，且所述弹簧轭的所述弹簧的尾部设置有小塞，可与所述高声压传声器校准装置的所述过渡管进行固定连接。
再一方面，提供了一种高声压传声器校准方法，使用上述所述的高声压传声器校准系统，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：将待校准传声器插入所述过渡管顶部的所述校准传声器插孔，并用弹簧轭固定稳妥；
步骤2：将参考传声器插入所述过渡管管壁的所述参考传声器插孔，进行固定密封；
步骤3：将校准传声器和参考传声器连接数据采集卡和安装有谐波失真和声压级测量功能的测试软件的计算机；
步骤4：将扬声器与功率放大器和信号发生器进行电连接，打开信号发生器进行信号源输入，通过调节输入信号和功率放大器的放大倍数逐渐增大扬声器输出声压级，可在所述计算机测量软件中观察参考传声器测量声压级监测高声压传声器校准装置的所述耦合腔体内的声压值；
步骤5：先将耦合腔体内声压级调节到中等声压下，以参考传声器测量声压级为基准，对所述校准传声器进行声压校准；
步骤6：声压校准完成后，逐步提高所述扬声器输出声压级至达到测试要求的声压值，此时可测量校准传声器的失真值，判断是否满足技术指标要求。
本发明公开的一种高声压传声器校准装置、系统以及方法，解决了市面上常见校准装置声压级低、高声压下失真度高的问题，在总谐波失真不超过1％的条件下，校准声源声压级最高可达170dB，满足大部分高声压传声器的校准要求。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明高声压传声器校准装置的示意图。
图2是本发明图1中A处的局部放大图。
图3是本发明高声压传声器校准系统的示意图。
图4是本发明高声压传声器校准系统的弹簧轭示意图。
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例 性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
本发明公开了一种新型高声压传声器校准装置，如图1所示，主要由扬声器1和经特殊设计的耦合腔体2组成，该耦合腔体由三种不同尺寸的管状腔体嵌套组合而成，特殊腔体设计主要是为了改善阻抗过渡和减少声学失真(THD)。
图1中耦合腔体2包括共振管21、过渡管22和小管23，所述共振管21、所述过渡管22和所述小管23为同轴圆管声腔，所述共振管21的声腔底部设置有所述扬声器1，所述扬声器1紧贴所述共振管21内壁，同时形成扬声器后腔24。
共振管21顶部与过渡管22尾部相连，小管23固定在过渡管22内部，小管23是半通管，上半部分为中空管结构231，下半部分为实心柱结构232，所述小管的实心柱结构232的尾部设置在所述共振管21中，其中共振管21用于声源共振，过渡管22和小管23用于减小声阻抗突变和减弱谐波。另外，如图2所示，图2是图1中A处的局部放大图，所述过渡管22上有两个传声器插孔，管壁设置有参考传声器插孔221，顶部设置有校准传声器插孔222；顶部校准传声器插孔222用于插入待校准传声器，管壁参考传声器插孔221用于插入检测传声器。
根据有限长管内声学传播理论，当声波在截面积为S1、出口面积为S2的管内传播时，声波在出口处的反射可用反射系数rp描述，rp值在±1之间，反射系数越大，说明出口处反射的声波越多。rp由下式求得：
其中：
由式(1)、(2)可知当S2远小于S1时，rp约等于1，即出口处声 波几乎全部反射。
首先，为了在功率不变的条件下使声源声压级更大，必须在扬声器1上加装共振腔体，本发明中所设计的共振管21的共振频率在500Hz，其截面积远大于常用的1/2英寸或1/英寸的传声器拾音面面积，此时面积比很大，导致共振管21出口处声阻抗突变，大部分声波在共振腔出口处反射，尤其是波长较短的高频声波会发生多次反射，造成测试频点的谐波分量增高，装置腔体内声音的总谐波失真变大，影响测试结果。因此为改善声阻抗突变，加装一段截面积略小于共振管21的过渡管22，减少共振腔截面积和传声器拾音面的面积差，增加过渡管22后，校准装置腔体内500Hz声波的二、三次谐波分量有明显下降。但仅一个过渡管的作用有限，在更高频率范围(8kHz以上)还存在较高的谐波分量，而高声压传声器测量范围通常可达20kHz以上，为解决高次谐波问题，在过渡管22内加入一个截面积小于1/4英寸传声器(高声压传声器常见信号)拾音面面积，并与共振管21、过渡管22同轴的小管23，小管23是半通管，上半部分为中空管结构231，下半部分为实心柱结构232，其开口接近传声器拾音面，作用类似于高通滤波器，高频率的谐波在进入传声器拾音面前先在小管23中产生共振消耗，从而减弱了传声器处的谐波幅度，小管23在过渡管22的基础上进一步减弱了阻抗突变，使声腔内谐波失真进一步减小。
如图3所示，本发明还提供了一种新型高声压传声器校准系统，包括上述的高声压传声器校准装置，还包括信号发生器3、功率放大器4、参考传声器5、校准传声器6、弹簧轭7、数据采集卡8、计算机9，校准测试系统各模块功能如下：
数据采集卡8：从参考传声器5和校准传声器6中自动采集电信号，转换为数字信号再输入计算机9进行进一步处理。
计算机9：需安装具有谐波失真和声压级测量功能的测试软件，用于实时监测传声器采集的信号值和数据后处理。
弹簧轭7：用于将校准传声器6在高声压传声器校准装置的校准传声器插孔中压实，防止声泄露。
信号发生器3：向功率放大器4输出不同频率类型的电信号，该电信 号幅度较小，需要通过功率放大器4放大才能驱动扬声器1，在具体应用过程中，专业信号发生器或电脑声卡均可作为信号发生器。
功率放大器4：功率放大器，接收信号发生器3输出的电信号后，增大信号功率后再输出，以驱动扬声器1发出声信号，在具体应用过程中，信号放大倍数可调。
为帮助理解，结合上述高声压传声器校准系统，提供优选实施例对本发明校准装置和系统的组成部分进行描述：
共振管21优选为铝材质薄壁圆柱管，共振管是校准装置中尺寸最大的耦合腔，作用是使声波在500Hz频率上产生共振，经过共振作用后，腔内声压级至少可提高10dB以上。共振管底部为3.5英寸扬声器和扬声器后腔24，作为校准装置的声源，共振管21顶部有螺纹，用于连接过渡管；
过渡管22为铝材质薄壁圆柱管，其内径约为共振管21的1/4，底部通过螺纹与共振管21顶端连接。过渡管22管壁开有参考传声器插孔221，参考传声器的作用是监测校准器内的声压级和提供校准声源谐波失真参考值，过渡管22顶部为校准传声器插孔222，高声压传声器通常为1/4英寸型，校准时需连接适配器再插入校准传声器插孔222，参考传声器5是经过校准的标准高声压传声器，用于实时监测校准器内的声压级值；
小管23为铝材质薄壁半通管，其内径很小，中空部分231占约40％，实心部分232占约60％，通过细铁丝支架10固定在过渡管22的中心；所述小管23的实心柱结构232的一端位于所述共振管21的声腔内，所述小管23的中空管结构231的一端位于所述过渡管22的声腔内。
另外，为保证校准装置有足够密封性，在校准传声器6尾部使用弹簧轭7压紧固定。弹簧轭7是带两个弹簧72的有孔圆盘，圆盘71中央的孔直径略小于传声器前置，传声器可紧塞在圆盘孔中，圆盘直径两端各有一弹簧72，弹簧72尾部小塞73可塞入过渡管22侧面定位孔，用于固定弹簧轭7，弹簧轭7的作用是借助弹簧拉力将传声器在校准传声器插孔222中压实，防止声泄露。
利用上述装置和系统对高声压传声器进行校准，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：将待校准传声器连接适配器后插入高声压校准器装置顶部的 校准传声器插孔，并用弹簧轭固定稳妥；
步骤2：将参考传声器插入参考传声器插孔，进行固定密封，在实际操作过程中，可通过密封适配器和橡皮带固定；
步骤3：将校准传声器和参考传声器连接数据采集卡和安装有谐波失真和声压级测量功能的测试软件的计算机；
步骤4：将扬声器与功率放大器、信号发生器进行电连接，打开信号发生器进行信号源输入，通过调节输入信号和功率放大器的放大倍数逐渐增大扬声器输出声压级，可在所述计算机测量软件中观察参考传声器测量声压级监测高声压传声器校准装置的所述耦合腔体内的声压值；
步骤5：先将耦合腔体内声压级调节到中等声压下(优选的，如100dB左右)，以参考传声器测量声压级为基准，对所述校准传声器进行声压校准；
步骤6：声压校准完成后，逐步提高所述扬声器输出声压级至达到测试要求的声压值，此时可测量校准传声器的失真值，判断是否满足技术指标要求。
本实施例中，当耦合腔内声压值为170dB时，腔内声场谐波失真0.44％。
以上，本发明公开的一种高声压传声器校准装置、系统以及方法，解决了市面上常见校准装置声压级低、高声压下失真度高的问题，在总谐波失真不超过1％的条件下，校准声源声压级最高可达170dB，满足大部分高声压传声器的校准要求。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。
Claims (10)
- 一种高声压传声器校准装置，其特征在于：包括扬声器和耦合腔体；其中，所述耦合腔体由不同尺寸的管状腔体嵌套组成；所述扬声器固定设置于所述耦合腔体的底部，形成扬声器后腔。
- 根据权利要求1所述的高声压传声器校准装置，其特征在于：所述耦合腔体包括共振管、过渡管和小管，所述共振管、所述过渡管和所述小管为同轴圆管声腔；所述共振管内底部设置有所述扬声器，所述扬声器紧贴所述共振管内壁；所述共振管顶部连接有所述过渡管，所述过渡管管壁设置有参考传声器插孔，所述过渡管顶部设置有校准传声器插孔；所述小管固定在所述过渡管内部，且所述小管上半部分为中空管结构，下半部分为实心柱结构。
- 根据权利要求2所述的高声压传声器校准装置，其特征在于：所述共振管的截面积大于传声器拾音面面积，所述过渡管的截面积小于所述共振管的截面积，所述小管的截面积与传声器的拾音面面积相当。
- 根据权利要求3所述的高声压传声器校准装置，其特征在于：所述小管的中空管结构和所述实心柱结构长度比例为4：6。
- 根据权利要求4所述的高声压传声器校准装置，其特征在于：所述共振管顶部和所述过渡管底部均设置有螺纹，通过所述螺纹进行固定连接。
- 根据权利要求5所述的高声压传声器校准装置，其特征在于：所述小管通过支架固定于所述过渡管上，所述小管的所述实心柱结构的尾部设置在所述共振管中。
- 根据权利要求2所述的高声压传声器校准装置，其特征在于：所述共振管、所述过渡管和所述小管为铝材质薄壁管。
- 一种高声压传声器校准系统，其特征在于：包括如权利要求1至7 任一权利要求所述的高声压传声器校准装置，还包括：信号发生器，用于输出不同频率类型的电信号；功率放大器，用于接收所述信号发生器输出的所述电信号，增大信号功率，以驱动所述扬声器发出声信号；参考传声器；校准传声器；弹簧轭，用于将所述校准传声器在所述校准传声器插孔中压实，防止声泄露；数据采集卡，用于从所述参考传声器和所述校准传声器中采集电信号，并转换为数字信号；计算机，安装有谐波失真和声压级测量功能的测试软件，用于实时监控采集的信号值和数据后进行处理。
- 根据权利要求8所述的高声压传声器校准系统，其特征在于：所述弹簧轭为带有弹簧的圆盘，所述圆盘中间设置有中央孔，所述中央孔的直径小于所述校准传声器前置，使所述校准传感器塞于所述圆盘的所述中央孔内，且所述弹簧轭的所述弹簧的尾部设置有小塞，可与所述高声压传声器校准装置的所述过渡管进行固定连接。
- 一种高声压传声器校准方法，其特征在于，使用权利要求8-9任一权利要求所述的高声压传声器校准系统，包括以下步骤：步骤1：将待校准传声器插入所述过渡管顶部的所述校准传声器插孔，并用弹簧轭固定稳妥；步骤2：将参考传声器插入所述过渡管管壁的所述参考传声器插孔，进行固定密封；步骤3：将校准传声器和参考传声器连接数据采集卡和安装有谐波失真和声压级测量功能的测试软件的计算机；步骤4：将扬声器与功率放大器和信号发生器进行电连接，打开信号发生器进行信号源输入，通过调节输入信号和功率放大器的放大倍数逐渐增大扬声器输出声压级，可在所述计算机测量软件中观察参考传声器测量声压级监测高声压传声器校准装置的所述耦合腔体内的声压值；步骤5：先将耦合腔体内声压级调节到中等声压下，以参考传声器测量声压级为基准，对所述校准传声器进行声压校准；步骤6：声压校准完成后，逐步提高所述扬声器输出声压级至达到测试要求的声压值，此时可测量校准传声器的失真值，判断是否满足技术指标要求。
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| CN105163262A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 南京师范大学 | 一种扬声器异音检测方法及检测系统 |
| US9980023B1 (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-05-22 | James J. Fallon | Recording high output power levels of sound at low sound pressure levels |
| CN109916504A (zh) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-21 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | 一种幅值和频率可调的具有溯源性的高声压传声器校准器 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113959559A (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-21 | 陕西省计量科学研究院 | 一种声级计检定装置转台 |
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| CN113615212A (zh) | 2021-11-05 |
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