WO2021001005A1 - Système de commande de générateur - Google Patents

Système de commande de générateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021001005A1
WO2021001005A1 PCT/DK2020/050200 DK2020050200W WO2021001005A1 WO 2021001005 A1 WO2021001005 A1 WO 2021001005A1 DK 2020050200 W DK2020050200 W DK 2020050200W WO 2021001005 A1 WO2021001005 A1 WO 2021001005A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
independent
generator
voltage
rotor
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2020/050200
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter BUNDSGAARD RASMUSSEN
Original Assignee
Belt Generators Ivs
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Belt Generators Ivs filed Critical Belt Generators Ivs
Publication of WO2021001005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021001005A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/0094—Structural association with other electrical or electronic devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H02K11/049—Rectifiers associated with stationary parts, e.g. stator cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/09—Magnetic cores comprising laminations characterised by being fastened by caulking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/15—Sectional machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/06—Machines characterised by the presence of fail safe, back up, redundant or other similar emergency arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for connecting at least one generator primary from a wind turbine to a frequency converter for generating AC current and AC volt age for a supply network, which generator comprises a rotor and a stator, which gen erator comprises a plurality of independent coils for generating independent phases, which independent phases are sent to a plurality of rectifiers.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for operating a generator primary in a wind turbine, as disclosed in the claims, where the generator comprises a rotor rotat ed by wind energy from a wind turbine, which rotor generates a rotating magnetic field in a plurality of independent stator coils organized as sections for generating AC current and AC voltages, which AC current and AC voltages are rectified into DC current and voltage for supply of an inverter generating AC current and AC voltage for a supply network, where independent phases are transmitted through independent cables to a plurality of rectifiers.
  • the magnet rotor yoke is made from laminated iron in combination with the multiphase and/or sectioned stator and divided segmented magnets in axial and/or tangential directions.
  • EP 1416604 A2 concerns an electric circuit for a power plant, preferably a wind tur bine, including a driven generator with rotor and stator, where the stator of the genera tor is divided into separate sections that each is connected to an independent rectifier circuit. Each rectifier circuit is connected to an independent direct current circuit, which in turn is connected to the input of at least one independent inverter. The out puts of the independent inverters are connected to a supply network. Permanent mag nets are heated up, when operating with sectioned stator, where one or more sections fail and having a solid steel rotor yoke carrying the magnets. This will clearly lead to a system, which is sensitive to errors in the generator. If an error occurs, the system may have to shut down or operate at reduced power.
  • a first object of the pending invention is to achieve a highly reliable system for con necting a generator to an inverter and further to a supply network.
  • a second object is to let a generator with a failure in one coil/secti on/phase continue operating with a reduced power production with rated power on the remaining coils/sections/phases.
  • a combination of a segmented stator and laminated back iron in the rotor enables in dividual independent sections to be switched off without heating the magnets.
  • the scope of the invention can be achieved by a system as disclosed in the opening paragraph and further modified in that the output of the rectifiers may be combined in a DC bridge, which DC bridge is connected to a common frequency converter, which converter is generating AC current and AC voltage for a supply network.
  • a wind turbine system for connecting at least one generator to a frequency converter for generating AC current and AC voltage for a supply network, which generator comprises a rotor and a stator, which rotor comprises a laminated yoke, which stator is divided into independent sections, which independent sections comprises a plurality of independent coils for generating independent phases, which independent phases out of at least three phases or more are sent to a plurality of rectifiers, wherein the output of the rectifiers from each independent coils is combined in one or more common DC bridge with other independent coils, which DC bridge is connected to a one or more common frequency converter, which frequency converter is generating AC current and AC voltage for a supply network.
  • the system provides a plurality of independent coils generating independent phases.
  • the independent phases may be out of at least three phases or more, where each of the independent phases is led through each of a predefined rectifier.
  • the output from each of the rectifiers is combined in one or more common DC bridges, preferably active DC bridges.
  • the DC bridge or bridges are connected to frequency converter or con verters, where the DC bridge or bridges are proving the frequency converter or con- verier with a substantially constant current and voltage output.
  • the frequency convert er or converters are capable of generating a substantially stable AC current and AC voltage for a supply network. This will ensure a reliable and durable system in opera tion.
  • independent coils as independent sections of a generator can by isolated cabling be connected directly to rectifier means and further from the rectifier means the power is transmitted as DC to a common DC bridge to which there is a further connection to the inverter circuit which is from the DC generating basic current and voltage for a supply network. Because the connection directly towards the DC bridge is performed total independently of each other results in that any failure in rectifiers or in coils in the generator has a minimal effect in the total power produc tion. This means that a wind turbine for example placed at open sea will be able to operate with less power production but still have the effect of producing up to full load on remaining independent sections in operation until it is possible to perform service at the wind turbine.
  • the generator has a rotor equipped with permanent magnets which permanent mag nets are located on the rotor and the rotor is divided into independent sections.
  • the rotor is equipped with surface mounted or buried permanent magnets mounted on lam- inated iron as a yoke.
  • the yoke of the rotor is made from laminated iron to limit heat losses. It is combined with a stator divided into sections connected to individual recti bombs with a common DC bus. The combinations enable rated power on the sections also if one or more sections are switched off due to a failure.
  • the laminated iron yoke in the rotor secures that the magnets do not heat up during unbalanced operation with the stator sections due to varying magnetic field in the border region between the sec tions. Using solid steel as rotor back iron will heat up the permanent magnets.
  • the cabling from the independent coils/sections/phases be electric isolated from each other until the connection to the rectifiers representing parallel groups of coils in each stator phase.
  • the stator is organized in independent phases more than 3 for individual connection to individual rectifiers. Alternatively the stator is organized in independent phases equal to 3 for individual connection to individual rectifiers.
  • the wiring from the independ ent coils as independent phases are independent and electric isolated from each other until the connection to the rectifiers.
  • the independent coils having an identical phase are serial connected in order to achieve the voltage for the DC bridge.
  • Each independ ent section might consist of more parallel groups of serial connected coils.
  • the system comprises a control system for indicat ing the frequency and the phase of the supply network, which control system gener ates a control signal for the frequency converter.
  • the system may comprise a control system for indicating the frequency and the phase of the supply network, which control system generates a control signal for the fre quency converter.
  • control system for indicating the frequency and the phase of the supply network, which control system generates a control signal for the fre quency converter.
  • a bridge coupling of rectifiers may be provided as an active bridge coupling.
  • the bridge coupling may be connected to an AC source, which for example could be a wind turbine generator only supplying with a plurality of independent phases.
  • the active bridge may for example be an IGBT bridge, where the rectifiers are all con nected with switching transistors.
  • the active bridge may be a controllable.
  • the switching transistors are able to control the rectifiers in a short cut in that the switch ing transistors are capable of immediately closing the rectifiers.
  • the rectifiers may then first start conducting after next positive voltage.
  • the system can operate with a volt age of about 750 V or higher measured between independent phases.
  • the generator is operating with a relative median voltage and with a rela tive high current.
  • the relative high current that is necessary because the voltage is kept relative median level is not giving any problems because each of the phases or the coils are not coupled in parallel but each coil or sections are maybe serial connected coils are sent through their own cables. Therefore, a high number of parallel cables are used to transmit the power from the generator to the rectifiers and from the rectifiers directly to a bridge. Because the power is divided in parallel cables also heating of cables is reduced simply be- cause also the power dissipation is divided into the number of parallel cables.
  • the independent coils having identical phase be serial connected in order to achieve the voltage for the DC bridge.
  • generators operating with a lower voltage can be used simply because one or more of the coils having the same phase can be serial connect ed. Therefore, to achieve a voltage of approx. 1,200 V or higher at the bridge two or more coils can be serial connected and thereby also connected to the same cable to wards a common rectifier.
  • even the same electronic circuit can be used for different kind of generators.
  • the scope of the invention can be further achieved by a method for operating a gener ator, primary in a wind turbine , where the generator comprises a rotor rotated by wind energy from a wind turbine, which rotor generates a rotating magnetic field in a plu rality of independent stator coils for generating AC current and AC voltages, which AC current and AC voltages are rectified into DC current and voltage for supply of an inverter generating AC current and AC voltage for a supply network where independ ent phases are transmitted through independent cables to a plurality of rectifiers, wherein the rectified current and voltage are combined into common DC bridges, where the DC bridges are connected to one or more common frequency converters, for generating AC current, and AC voltage for one or more supply network.
  • a DC bridge can be configured using standard diodes; however, these rectifier cir cuits’ causes larger energy losses in the DC bridge than active bridges.
  • the heat ac cumulation in the DC bridge may over time cause damage to the bridge, especially if the bridges are used in high voltage installations handling high current. This disad vantage is prevented by using a DC bridge which is an active bridge.
  • the active bridge comprises for example switching transistors or MOSFETs, which is more pow er efficient.
  • a generator preferably in a wind turbine, can be connected to a power inverter/converter in a highly effective way. Because each sector or each coil from a generator is independent connected to rectifier means and from that rectifier the power is connected to a common DC bridge from where a common inverter generates AC power for a supply network. Because there are parallel cables from the generator then the total power is limited in the cables. Also the semi conductors are limited in their demands to current simply because there is a high number of parallel rectifier means.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a system for a generator.
  • Fig. 2 shows a segment of a stator and rotor.
  • Fig. 3 shows an inner rotor
  • Fig. 4 shows surface mounted permanent magnets shown as a rotor segment with three poles.
  • Fig. 5 shows a bridge coupling of rectifiers, which are connected to an AC source.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a system 2 for a generator 4 for a wind turbine.
  • the generator 4 comprises a rotor 16 indicated by an arrow and a stator 18.
  • the stator 18 comprises independent coils 20.1-12. These independent coils 20.1-12 generate inde pendent phases 22.1-12. These independent phases 22.1-12 are in cabling transmitted to a plurality of rectifiers 24.1-12.
  • the output of rectifiers 24.1-12 are sent to a com mon DC bridge 26.
  • the DC bridge 26 is supplying DC to at least one frequency con verter 8. This frequency converter is delivering three-phase AC which is connected to a supply network 14.
  • the independent coils 20.1-12 will generate independent DC power 22.1- 12 towards the plurality of rectifiers 24.1-12, which is supplying DC at the DC bridge 26. Because there is 12 independent phases connected by single rectifiers to the DC bridge, the DC bridge will have a DC voltage nearly without any ripple. The higher the number of independent coils 20-20n, the lower level will the ripple have at the DC bridge 26.
  • the major effect of the pending patent application is that if a failure occurs in one of the independent coils 20.1-12 or in one of the rectifiers 24.1-12 the generator 4 will be able to operate but with a small reduction in the power production that is generated and can be supplied with a supply network 14.
  • This is very important because wind turbines are operating in harsh environments where for example repair is very diffi cult. For example at wind turbines placed at open sea in the North Sea it can take weeks before the weather allows service at a wind turbine. It is therefore extremely important if a wind turbine is able to continue production of power even if there is a minor failure and therefore a reduction in the maximum power that can be supplied.
  • Fig. 2 indicates a segment of a stator and rotor.
  • Fig. 2 indicates an outer rotor having rotor structure independent sections 38 and a rotor laminated yoke 40 carrying mag nets 34.
  • fastening dove tails 42 for fastening the coils 20-20n.
  • Fur ther is indicated a stator laminated yoke 42 and a stator structure segment 44.
  • the number of coils are very high and some of these coils generate the same phase of power which can be combined in a serial connection or in some situations in a parallel combination and in that way generate independent phases 22-22n.
  • Fig. 3 indicates an inner rotor, which inner rotor indicates an air gap against the stator 46. Further are indicated permanent magnets 34 and also a rotor laminated pole shoe 48.
  • Fig. 4 shows surface mounted permanent magnets shown as a rotor segment with three poles. Here is indicated an air gap between the stator and rotor 46. Further are indicat ed permanent magnets 34 and below is indicated rotor laminated yoke 40 and below is further indicated rotor structure independent sections. In this rotor the magnets are directly generating the magnetic field towards the stator coils. Hereby can be achieved that the permanent magnets are fastened to the rotor laminat ed yoke and the use of rotor laminated pole shoe is hereby avoided.
  • Fig. 5 discloses a bridge coupling of rectifiers 124, which are connected to an AC source 122, which for example could be a wind turbine generator only supplying with three independent phases.
  • the bridge at fig. 5 is an IGBT bridge because the rectifiers 124 are all connected with switching transistors 132, which are connected parallel to the rectifiers 124.
  • the switching transistors 132 are able to control the rectifiers in a short cut in that the switching transistors 132 will immediately close the rectifiers 124 and they will first start conducting after next positive voltage.
  • a kind of battery 126 is indicated which also could be a DC power link connected to an in verter.
  • Stator laminated yoke (42) Stator structure segment (44) Air gap against stator (46) Rotor laminated pole shoe (48)

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système et un procédé pour connecter au moins un générateur primaire d'éolienne à un convertisseur de fréquence afin de produire un courant alternatif destiné à un réseau d'alimentation, ledit générateur comprenant une pluralité de bobines indépendantes pour produire des phases indépendantes, qui sont transmises à une pluralité de redresseurs. Un premier objet de la présente invention est d'obtenir un système à fiabilité élevée pour connecter un générateur à un onduleur, puis à un réseau d'alimentation. Un second objet de la présente invention est de permettre à un générateur ayant une bobine/section/phase défaillante de fonctionner avec une production d'énergie réduite. La sortie des redresseurs peut être combinée en un ou plusieurs ponts à courant continu, lesdits ponts à courant continu étant connectés à un convertisseur de fréquence commun, ledit onduleur produisant un courant alternatif et une tension alternative pour un réseau d'alimentation. Ainsi, des bobines indépendantes en tant que sections indépendantes d'un générateur peuvent, par l'intermédiaire d'un câblage isolant, être connectées directement à un moyen de redressement et, au-delà du moyen de redressement, l'électricité est transmise sous la forme d'un courant continu à un pont à courant continu commun.
PCT/DK2020/050200 2019-07-01 2020-07-01 Système de commande de générateur WO2021001005A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201970420 2019-07-01
DKPA201970420 2019-07-01

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WO2021001005A1 true WO2021001005A1 (fr) 2021-01-07

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030202367A1 (en) * 2001-03-22 2003-10-30 Dejan Schreiber Power converter circuit arrangement for generators with dynamically variable power output
EP1416604A2 (fr) 2002-10-31 2004-05-06 Bonus Energy A/S Circuit électrique pour générateur entraíné avec "statore segmenté"
EP1458080A1 (fr) * 2001-12-20 2004-09-15 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Machine dynamoelectrique du type a aimants permanents et generateur synchrone du type a aimants permanents utilisant l'energie eolienne
US20060103137A1 (en) * 2000-08-14 2006-05-18 Aloys Wobben Wind power installation
US20120001435A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2012-01-05 Colin Richard Pearce Generator power conditioning

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060103137A1 (en) * 2000-08-14 2006-05-18 Aloys Wobben Wind power installation
US20030202367A1 (en) * 2001-03-22 2003-10-30 Dejan Schreiber Power converter circuit arrangement for generators with dynamically variable power output
EP1458080A1 (fr) * 2001-12-20 2004-09-15 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Machine dynamoelectrique du type a aimants permanents et generateur synchrone du type a aimants permanents utilisant l'energie eolienne
EP1416604A2 (fr) 2002-10-31 2004-05-06 Bonus Energy A/S Circuit électrique pour générateur entraíné avec "statore segmenté"
US20120001435A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2012-01-05 Colin Richard Pearce Generator power conditioning

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