WO2020258806A1 - 一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2020258806A1
WO2020258806A1 PCT/CN2019/129538 CN2019129538W WO2020258806A1 WO 2020258806 A1 WO2020258806 A1 WO 2020258806A1 CN 2019129538 W CN2019129538 W CN 2019129538W WO 2020258806 A1 WO2020258806 A1 WO 2020258806A1
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iron ore
coal
powder
separator
ore powder
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French (fr)
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马春元
赵媛
王涛
周滨选
周振峰
陈娟
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/04—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of steel smelting, and specifically relates to a coal gasification synergistic molten iron reduction process with sufficient preheating and gas phase prereduction.
  • China's steel production is mainly based on long-process smelting of coking, sintering, pelletizing, blast furnace, and converter.
  • Blast furnace ironmaking is an important part of modern steel production. It is a method of continuously producing liquid pig iron in a blast furnace using coke, iron-containing ore and flux.
  • China's blast furnace ironmaking technology has developed rapidly, and is constantly moving towards automation, large-scale and high-efficiency.
  • the blast furnace ironmaking industry is also facing problems such as saturation, low economic returns, and insufficient competitiveness in the world market.
  • Patent CN201811303409.5 is a short-process smelting reduction ironmaking system and method.
  • the iron ore powder direct reduction and powder coke preparation device is a U-shaped structure at the bottom, with low temperature reduction section and high temperature reduction section on both sides, and smelting reduction section at the bottom. Section, the molten iron is obtained from the bottom of the smelting reduction section, the pulverized coal preparation device and the iron ore powder preparation device are respectively connected to the lower part and the bottom of the low temperature reduction section, the low temperature reduction section is connected to the gas-solid separation device, and the gas-solid separation device is respectively connected to the high temperature The top combustion device and the middle part of the reduction section are connected.
  • the device adopts a two-stage type, with only a low-temperature reduction section and a high-temperature reduction section, the pre-reduction of ore fines and pulverized coal coke production are both performed in the low-temperature reduction section, and the coke iron is separated later, and the device structure is complicated.
  • the present invention provides a coal gasification and molten iron reduction process with sufficient preheating and gas phase prereduction.
  • the pulverized coal is carbonized to make coke, and the resulting coke powder is burned and gasified under pure oxygen to form a reducing atmosphere.
  • the added semi-reduced iron ore powder is smelted and reduced in the reducing atmosphere to achieve the separation of slag and iron, and finally the iron ore is reduced to Iron;
  • the coal gas produced in the coking process is preheated by multi-stage gas phase reduction, and the upper-level iron ore powder is carried into the iron ore powder separator and pre-reduction reactor, which plays a role in preheating and pre-reducing the iron ore powder. Heat promotes the pre-reduction process and makes full use of the gas calorific value.
  • a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction including: iron ore powder preparation system, coal powder preparation system, high temperature gasification melting furnace, medium temperature carbonization furnace, ash hopper, and first-level iron ore powder separation
  • the high temperature gasification melting furnace and the medium temperature carbonization furnace are connected by a U-shaped structure, the lower part is a public ash hopper, and the top of the high temperature gasification melting furnace is provided with a burner.
  • the upper part of the carbonization furnace is connected to the coke powder separator, and the top of the coke powder separator is connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary iron ore powder separator and the inlet on the side wall of the pre-reduction reactor.
  • the bottom outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is connected to the burner, the bottom outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is connected to the high-temperature gasification melting furnace, and the top outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is respectively connected to the inlet and the first-stage side wall of the secondary iron ore separator
  • the outlet at the bottom of the iron ore powder separator is connected, the outlet at the top of the second-level iron ore separator is connected to the inlet of the side wall of the first-level iron ore separator, and the first-level iron ore separator is connected to the iron ore separator.
  • the ore powder preparation system is connected, the medium temperature carbonization furnace is connected to the coal powder preparation system, and the ash hopper is connected to the slag pool.
  • the present invention proposes a coal gasification synergistic iron reduction process.
  • the produced gas is used for iron ore powder preheating and pre-reduction.
  • a two-stage iron ore powder separator and a pre-reduction reactor are used to promote the preheating of iron ore powder.
  • Pre-reduction, and then smelting reduction of the pre-reduced iron ore powder forms a set of short-flow ironmaking processes with low energy consumption, which is of great significance to the development of short-flow ironmaking processes.
  • the iron ore powder preparation system consists of an iron ore bin, a first crusher, a crushing bin, a first mill, a bag dust collector, an iron ore powder bin, and an iron ore powder feeder in sequence. Connected together.
  • the above-mentioned device can grind iron ore to the required particle size and put it into the system furnace, improve the utilization rate of iron ore powder and reduce energy consumption.
  • the pulverized coal preparation system is composed of a raw coal silo, a second crusher, a crushed coal silo, a second pulverizer, a coarse coal separator, a coarse coal silo, and a pulverized coal feeder. .
  • the above-mentioned device can realize the classification and utilization of coarse and fine coal powder, and at the same time realize the balance and matching of consumption between coarse and fine powder.
  • a slag conveyor is provided in the slag tank.
  • the above device can remove iron slag quickly and efficiently, has a high slag removal rate, and significantly reduces iron loss.
  • the high-temperature gasification melting furnace has a vertical down-bed structure.
  • the above-mentioned structure can fully react the reducing gas with the preheated semi-reduced iron ore powder, thereby improving the yield and the quality of molten iron.
  • this application has a three-stage type, namely a high-temperature gasification melting section, a medium-temperature carbonization section, and a low-temperature multi-stage gas-phase reduction and preheating section, ore powder pre-reduction preheating and coal
  • the powder coke is produced in two reaction sections separately, which reduces the coke-iron separation process.
  • the high-temperature gasification melting furnace is a liquid slag discharge, and the upper end is a coke powder feeding port to facilitate the reduction of iron ore powder.
  • the medium-temperature carbonization furnace has a vertical up-bed structure, so that pulverized coal is injected from the side of the lower end of the medium-temperature carbonization section, and coke is produced through a carbonization activation process.
  • the side wall of the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace is provided with a pulverized coal inlet, which facilitates the use of different types of pulverized coal to make coke.
  • the resulting coke has similar physical and chemical properties and can be used for iron reduction in the high-temperature gasification melting section.
  • the present invention also provides a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction process with sufficient preheating and gas phase prereduction, including:
  • Coal powder is pyrolyzed and gasified to produce coal gas and coke powder
  • the coal gas undergoes a pre-reduction reaction with the two-stage preheated iron ore powder to form semi-reduced iron ore powder,
  • the coke powder is combusted to generate reducing gases such as H 2 and CO, and reacts with semi-reduced iron ore powder at high temperature to generate molten iron.
  • reducing gases such as H 2 and CO
  • semi-reduced iron ore powder at high temperature to generate molten iron.
  • the iron ore powder is preheated in two stages and then pre-reduced. Full pre-heating promotes the pre-reduction.
  • the heat source for the two-stage preheating of iron ore powder is the coal gas.
  • the coal gas generated by gasification of pulverized coal is used to fully preheat the iron ore powder in the two-stage iron ore powder separator, which promotes the pre-reduction process of the iron ore powder.
  • the quality of the molten iron is better, and the complexity of the ironmaking process is reduced. The process is shorter and the production energy consumption is lower.
  • the present invention proposes a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction process with sufficient preheating and gas phase prereduction.
  • a low temperature multi-stage gas phase reduction preheating section and high temperature gasification melting are designed. Section, respectively control the temperature range in the two sections of the reactor, so that the gas phase preheating and pre-reduction process of iron ore powder is completed in the low temperature section, and the semi-reduced iron ore powder smelting reduction process is completed in the high temperature section, using the coal gas generated by gasification of pulverized coal
  • the iron ore powder is fully preheated in the two-stage iron ore powder separator, which promotes the pre-reduction process of the iron ore powder.
  • the quality of the molten iron is better, the complexity of the ironmaking process is reduced, the system process is shorter, and the production energy consumption is higher. low.
  • different types of pulverized coal can be used to make coke in the medium temperature section, and the obtained coke has similar physical and chemical properties, and can be used to reduce iron in the high temperature gasification melting section. It has strong applicability to coal and has broad application prospects.
  • the device of the present application has simple structure, low cost, universal applicability, and is easy to scale production.
  • Figure 1 is a coal gasification synergistic molten iron reduction process and device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction in Example 1;
  • the present invention proposes a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction process device with sufficient preheating and gas phase prereduction, including an iron ore powder preparation system, a coal powder preparation system, a high temperature gasification melting section, an intermediate temperature carbonization section, and a coke powder separation device ,
  • Low temperature multi-stage gas phase reduction preheating section high temperature gasification melting section and medium temperature carbonization section are connected by a U-shaped structure, the lower part is a public ash hopper, under the ash hopper is a slag tank and a slag conveyor;
  • the high temperature gasification melting section is vertical Downward bed design, liquid slag discharge, the upper end is a coke powder feeding port;
  • the medium temperature carbonization section is a vertical upward bed design, coal powder is injected from the side of the lower end of the medium temperature carbonization section, and coke is produced through the carbonization activation process; the upper end of the
  • the iron ore powder preparation system includes an iron ore bin, a first crusher, a crushing bin, a first mill, a bag filter, an iron ore powder bin, and an iron ore powder feeder.
  • the pulverized coal preparation system includes a raw coal silo, a second crusher, a crushed coal silo, a second pulverizer, a coarse coal separator, a coarse pulverized coal silo, and a pulverized coal feeder.
  • the coarse coal separator is connected to the bag filter.
  • the iron ore powder preparation system can grind the iron ore to the required particle size, and put it into the low-temperature multi-stage gas phase reduction preheating section to realize the preheating and pre-reduction process; the coal powder preparation system can grind the raw coal to the desired particle size. The particle size is required, and the coarse and fine-level utilization of coal powder is realized.
  • the high-temperature gasification and melting section from top to bottom is a coke powder combustion device and a semi-reduced iron ore powder smelting reduction section.
  • the upper end of the high-temperature gasification and melting section is connected to the coke powder feeding port, and the molten iron and molten slag are downwardly discharge.
  • the upper end of the intermediate temperature carbonization section is connected with a coke powder separator, and the lower end is connected with a coal powder feed port.
  • the high-temperature gasification melting section and the medium-temperature carbonization section are connected in a U-shaped structure, and a common ash hopper is provided with a slag tank and a slag conveyor under the ash hopper.
  • the upper end of the coke powder separator is connected to the low-temperature multi-stage gas phase reduction preheating section, and the lower end is connected to the burner on the top of the high-temperature gasification melting section.
  • the temperature of the coal gas discharged from the upper end of the coke powder separator is the highest.
  • the low-temperature multi-stage gas-phase reduction preheating section is composed of a two-stage iron ore powder separator and a pre-reduction reactor.
  • the upper end of the two-stage iron ore powder separator discharges coal gas of different temperatures, and the lower end separates the gas after being preheated by the gas of different temperatures.
  • the higher temperature coal gas is discharged from the upper end of the pre-reduction reactor, and the lower end separates the iron ore powder pre-reduced by the higher temperature gas.
  • the temperature of the gas discharged from the first-level iron ore powder separator is the lowest, the temperature of the gas discharged from the second-level iron ore separator is lower, and the temperature of the gas discharged from the pre-reduction reactor is higher;
  • the temperature of the ore powder is the lowest, the temperature of the iron ore powder separated by the secondary iron ore powder separator is medium, and the temperature of the iron ore powder separated by the pre-reduction reactor is the highest.
  • the two-stage iron ore powder separator mainly plays a role of preheating
  • the pre-reduction reactor mainly plays a role of pre-reduction, and sufficient preheating of the iron ore powder promotes subsequent pre-reduction.
  • the terminal temperature is low, mainly preheating, and pre-reduction as the temperature increases.
  • Iron ore and raw coal pass through the iron ore powder preparation system and the coal powder preparation system respectively, and the raw materials are crushed, ground, and separated.
  • the pulverized coal produced by the pulverized coal preparation system is sent to the lower end of the medium-temperature carbonization section.
  • the pulverized coal is pyrolyzed and gasified under the action of the temperature and atmosphere of the high-temperature section to produce gas and powder coke. Under the action of the updraft bed, the gas and powder coke enter the upper end Powder coke separator;
  • the coal gas with the highest temperature is discharged from the upper end of the powder coke separator, and the secondary preheated iron ore powder separated from the lower end of the secondary iron ore powder separator enters the pre-reduction reactor; the temperature in the pre-reduction reactor is higher, and the pre-reduction of iron ore powder mainly occurs Reduction reaction, the higher temperature gas is discharged from the upper end, and the primary preheated iron ore powder separated at the lower end of the first-level iron ore powder separator enters the second-level iron ore powder separator; the second-level iron ore powder separator has a lower temperature, which mainly affects
  • the iron ore powder plays a role of preheating, and the lower temperature gas is discharged from the upper end, and the iron ore powder input from the iron ore powder bin enters the first-level iron ore powder separator; the first-level iron ore powder separator has the lowest temperature, mainly for iron ore powder It plays a role of preheating, and the upper end discharges the lowest temperature
  • the coke powder separated at the lower end of the coke powder separator is sent to the burner at the top of the high temperature section, where it undergoes combustion and gasification reaction under pure oxygen conditions.
  • the semi-reduced iron ore powder becomes a molten state and gasifies at high temperature.
  • the structure of a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction process and device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction includes an iron ore powder preparation system, consisting of an iron ore bin 1, a first crusher 2, a crushing bin 3, and a first grinding powder Machine 4, bag filter 5, iron ore powder bin 6, iron ore powder feeder 7, iron ore powder feeder 7 is connected to the feed inlet of the first-level iron ore powder separator 22;
  • the coal powder preparation system is composed of raw coal Bin 8, the second crusher 9, the coal crushing bin 10, the second pulverizer 11, the coarse powder separator 12, the coarse pulverized coal bin 13, and the pulverized coal feeder 14;
  • the intermediate temperature carbonization section 20 is an upward flow bed, The upper end is connected to the coke powder separator 21, the lower end is connected to the pulverized coal feeder 14, and the bottom is an ash hopper 17;
  • the high temperature section is a descending bed, which includes burner 15, high temperature gasification melting section 16, and ash hopper 17, from top to bottom.
  • the upper end is connected to the semi-reduced iron ore powder feeder 25; the middle temperature section and the high temperature section are arranged in U-shaped structure, sharing a ash hopper 17, and the lower part of the ash hopper 17 is provided with a slag pool 18 and a slag conveyor 19; the upper end of the coke separator 21 is connected to low temperature
  • the pre-reduction reactor 24 of the multi-stage gas-phase reduction preheating section is connected to the burner 15 at the top of the high-temperature section by a feeder; the low-temperature multi-stage gas-phase reduction preheating section is composed of a primary iron ore powder separator 22 and a secondary iron Ore powder separator 23, pre-reduction reactor 24, and semi-reduced iron ore powder feeder 25; the inlet of the primary iron ore powder separator 22 is connected to the upper outlet of the secondary iron ore powder separator 23 and the iron ore powder feeder 7.
  • the upper outlet is the gas outlet, the lower outlet is the primary preheated iron ore powder outlet; the inlet of the secondary iron ore separator 23 is connected to the upper outlet of the pre-reduction reactor 24 and the lower outlet of the primary iron ore separator 22, and the upper outlet It is the gas outlet, and the lower outlet is the secondary preheated iron ore powder outlet; the inlet of the pre-reduction reactor 24 is connected to the upper outlet of the coke powder separator 21 and the lower outlet of the secondary iron ore separator 23.
  • the upper outlet is the gas outlet, and the lower outlet is It is the semi-reduced iron ore powder outlet, and the lower end outlet is connected to the semi-reduced iron ore powder feeder 25, and leads to the upper end of the high temperature section.
  • the iron ore powder preparation system is arranged vertically, the iron ore is ground into iron ore powder with a diameter of 100-500 ⁇ m after the first crusher and the first mill, and the iron ore powder is pumped into the bag for dust removal
  • the coal powder preparation system is arranged vertically, the raw coal is ground into a 100-500 ⁇ m diameter coal after the second crusher and the second mill, and the coal powder is pumped into the coarse coal to separate After the device, it is stored in the pulverized coal bin for later use.
  • the pulverized coal produced by the pulverized coal preparation system is sent from the pulverized coal feeder to the lower end of the medium-temperature carbonization section.
  • the pulverized coal is pyrolyzed and gasified under the action of the temperature and atmosphere of the high-temperature section to produce coal gas and coke.
  • Gas and powder coke enter the coke powder separator at the upper end;
  • the coal gas with the highest temperature is discharged from the upper outlet of the coke powder separator, the gas temperature is about 800-1000°C, and the secondary preheated iron ore powder separated at the lower end of the secondary iron ore separator is carried into the pre-reduction reactor to preheat the iron twice.
  • the temperature of the ore powder is about 400-700°C; the higher temperature coal gas is discharged from the upper outlet of the pre-reduction reactor, and the gas temperature is about 600-800°C.
  • the primary preheated iron ore powder separated from the lower outlet of the primary iron ore powder separator enters the second Grade iron ore separator, the temperature of preheating iron ore powder is about 200-400°C; the upper end of the second-level iron ore separator discharges lower temperature coal gas, and the gas temperature is about 400-600°C.
  • the iron ore powder enters the first-level iron ore powder separator, and the temperature of the iron ore powder is about -20 ⁇ 40°C (the temperature varies according to environmental changes); the lowest temperature gas is discharged from the upper outlet of the first-level iron ore powder separator, and the gas temperature is 200 ⁇ 400°C;
  • the two-stage iron ore powder separator mainly plays a role of preheating, and the role of pre-reduction as the temperature increases.
  • the pre-reduction reactor mainly plays a role of pre-reduction, and full preheating promotes pre-reduction.
  • the coke powder separated at the lower outlet of the coke powder separator is sent to the burner at the top of the high-temperature section.
  • the temperature of the separated coke powder is about 750 ⁇ 950°C, and the combustion and gasification reaction occurs under pure oxygen conditions to generate reducing gases such as H 2 and CO.
  • the temperature reaches 1300 ⁇ 1600°C; the temperature of the semi-reduced iron ore powder separated at the lower end of the pre-reduction reactor is about 600 ⁇ 900°C, and is fed into the upper end of the high temperature section through the semi-reduced iron ore powder feeder, in a reducing atmosphere Under the conditions of high temperature and high temperature, the semi-reduced iron ore powder turns into a molten state, a smelting reduction reaction occurs in the high-temperature gasification melting section and flows downwards, and is reduced to molten iron, and finally the slag and iron are separated and fall into the slag pool.
  • a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction including: iron ore powder preparation system, pulverized coal preparation system, high temperature gasification melting furnace 16, medium temperature carbonization furnace 20, ash hopper 17, first-grade iron Ore powder separator 22, secondary iron ore powder separator 23, pre-reduction reactor 24; high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 and medium-temperature carbonization furnace 20 are connected by a U-shaped structure, and the lower part is a public ash hopper, high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 A burner 15 is provided at the top. The upper part of the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected to a coke powder separator 21.
  • the top of the coke powder separator 21 is respectively connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary iron ore powder separator 23 and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the inlet on the side wall of the coke dust separator 21 is connected to the burner 15, the bottom outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is connected to the high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16, and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the top outlet is respectively connected with the inlet of the side wall of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 and the outlet at the bottom of the primary iron ore fine separator 22, and the outlet on the top of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 is connected to the primary iron ore separator 23.
  • the inlet of the side wall of the slag separator 22 is connected, the first-level iron ore separator 22 is connected with the iron ore powder preparation system, the medium temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected with the coal powder preparation system, and the ash hopper 17 is connected with the slag tank 18 connected.
  • a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction including: iron ore powder preparation system, pulverized coal preparation system, high temperature gasification melting furnace 16, medium temperature carbonization furnace 20, ash hopper 17, first-grade iron Ore powder separator 22, secondary iron ore powder separator 23, pre-reduction reactor 24; high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 and medium-temperature carbonization furnace 20 are connected by a U-shaped structure, and the lower part is a public ash hopper, high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 A burner 15 is provided at the top. The upper part of the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected to a coke powder separator 21.
  • the top of the coke powder separator 21 is respectively connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary iron ore powder separator 23 and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the inlet on the side wall of the coke dust separator 21 is connected to the burner 15, the bottom outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is connected to the high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16, and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the top outlet is respectively connected with the inlet of the side wall of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 and the outlet at the bottom of the primary iron ore fine separator 22, and the outlet on the top of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 is connected to the primary iron ore separator 23.
  • the inlet of the side wall of the slag separator 22 is connected, the first-level iron ore separator 22 is connected with the iron ore powder preparation system, the medium temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected with the coal powder preparation system, and the ash hopper 17 is connected with the slag tank 18 connected.
  • the iron ore powder preparation system consists of an iron ore bin 1, a first crusher 2, a crushed ore bin 3, a first mill 4, a bag filter 5, an iron ore powder bin 6, and an iron ore powder feeder 7. Connected in turn.
  • the above-mentioned device can grind iron ore to the required particle size and put it into the system furnace, improve the utilization rate of iron ore powder and reduce energy consumption.
  • a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction including: iron ore powder preparation system, pulverized coal preparation system, high temperature gasification melting furnace 16, medium temperature carbonization furnace 20, ash hopper 17, first-grade iron Ore powder separator 22, secondary iron ore powder separator 23, pre-reduction reactor 24; high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 and medium-temperature carbonization furnace 20 are connected by a U-shaped structure, and the lower part is a public ash hopper, high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 A burner 15 is provided at the top. The upper part of the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected to a coke powder separator 21.
  • the top of the coke powder separator 21 is respectively connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary iron ore powder separator 23 and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the inlet on the side wall of the coke dust separator 21 is connected to the burner 15, the bottom outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is connected to the high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16, and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the top outlet is respectively connected with the inlet of the side wall of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 and the outlet at the bottom of the primary iron ore fine separator 22, and the outlet on the top of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 is connected to the primary iron ore separator 23.
  • the inlet of the side wall of the slag separator 22 is connected, the first-level iron ore separator 22 is connected with the iron ore powder preparation system, the medium temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected with the coal powder preparation system, and the ash hopper 17 is connected with the slag tank 18 connected.
  • the pulverized coal preparation system consists of a raw coal silo 8, a second crusher 9, a crushed coal silo 10, a second pulverizer 11, a coarse coal separator 12, a coarse coal silo 13, and a pulverized coal feeder 14 are sequentially connected to make.
  • the above-mentioned device can realize the classification and utilization of coarse and fine coal powder, and at the same time realize the balance and matching of consumption between coarse and fine powder.
  • a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction including: iron ore powder preparation system, pulverized coal preparation system, high temperature gasification melting furnace 16, medium temperature carbonization furnace 20, ash hopper 17, first-grade iron Ore powder separator 22, secondary iron ore powder separator 23, pre-reduction reactor 24; high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 and medium-temperature carbonization furnace 20 are connected by a U-shaped structure, and the lower part is a public ash hopper, high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 A burner 15 is provided at the top. The upper part of the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected to a coke powder separator 21.
  • the top of the coke powder separator 21 is respectively connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary iron ore powder separator 23 and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the inlet on the side wall of the coke dust separator 21 is connected to the burner 15, the bottom outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is connected to the high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16, and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the top outlet is respectively connected with the inlet of the side wall of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 and the outlet at the bottom of the primary iron ore fine separator 22, and the outlet on the top of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 is connected to the primary iron ore separator 23.
  • the inlet of the side wall of the slag separator 22 is connected, the first-level iron ore separator 22 is connected with the iron ore powder preparation system, the medium temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected with the coal powder preparation system, and the ash hopper 17 is connected with the slag tank 18 connected.
  • a slag conveyor 19 is provided in the slag tank 18.
  • the above device can remove iron slag quickly and efficiently, has a high slag removal rate, and significantly reduces iron loss.
  • a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction including: iron ore powder preparation system, pulverized coal preparation system, high temperature gasification melting furnace 16, medium temperature carbonization furnace 20, ash hopper 17, first-grade iron Ore powder separator 22, secondary iron ore powder separator 23, pre-reduction reactor 24; high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 and medium-temperature carbonization furnace 20 are connected by a U-shaped structure, and the lower part is a public ash hopper, high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 A burner 15 is provided at the top. The upper part of the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected to a coke powder separator 21.
  • the top of the coke powder separator 21 is respectively connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary iron ore powder separator 23 and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the inlet on the side wall of the coke dust separator 21 is connected to the burner 15, the bottom outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is connected to the high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16, and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the top outlet is respectively connected with the inlet of the side wall of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 and the outlet at the bottom of the primary iron ore fine separator 22, and the outlet on the top of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 is connected to the primary iron ore separator 23.
  • the inlet of the side wall of the slag separator 22 is connected, the first-level iron ore separator 22 is connected with the iron ore powder preparation system, the medium temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected with the coal powder preparation system, and the ash hopper 17 is connected with the slag tank 18 connected.
  • the high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 has a vertical down-bed structure.
  • the above structure can fully react the reducing gas with the preheated semi-reduced iron ore powder, and improve the yield and the quality of molten iron.
  • a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction including: iron ore powder preparation system, pulverized coal preparation system, high temperature gasification melting furnace 16, medium temperature carbonization furnace 20, ash hopper 17, first-grade iron Ore powder separator 22, secondary iron ore powder separator 23, pre-reduction reactor 24; high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 and medium-temperature carbonization furnace 20 are connected by a U-shaped structure, and the lower part is a public ash hopper, high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 A burner 15 is provided at the top. The upper part of the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected to a coke powder separator 21.
  • the top of the coke powder separator 21 is respectively connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary iron ore powder separator 23 and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the inlet on the side wall of the coke dust separator 21 is connected to the burner 15, the bottom outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is connected to the high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16, and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the top outlet is respectively connected with the inlet of the side wall of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 and the outlet at the bottom of the primary iron ore fine separator 22, and the outlet on the top of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 is connected to the primary iron ore separator 23.
  • the inlet of the side wall of the slag separator 22 is connected, the first-level iron ore separator 22 is connected with the iron ore powder preparation system, the medium temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected with the coal powder preparation system, and the ash hopper 17 is connected with the slag tank 18 connected.
  • this application has a three-stage type, namely a high-temperature gasification melting section, a medium-temperature carbonization section, and a low-temperature multi-stage gas-phase reduction and preheating section, ore powder pre-reduction preheating and coal
  • the powder coke is produced in two reaction sections separately, which reduces the coke-iron separation process.
  • the high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 is a liquid slag discharge, and the upper end is a coke powder feeding port to facilitate the reduction of iron ore powder.
  • a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction including: iron ore powder preparation system, pulverized coal preparation system, high temperature gasification melting furnace 16, medium temperature carbonization furnace 20, ash hopper 17, first-grade iron Ore powder separator 22, secondary iron ore powder separator 23, pre-reduction reactor 24; high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 and medium-temperature carbonization furnace 20 are connected by a U-shaped structure, and the lower part is a public ash hopper, high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 A burner 15 is provided at the top. The upper part of the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected to a coke powder separator 21.
  • the top of the coke powder separator 21 is respectively connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary iron ore powder separator 23 and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the inlet on the side wall of the coke dust separator 21 is connected to the burner 15, the bottom outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is connected to the high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16, and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the top outlet is respectively connected with the inlet of the side wall of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 and the outlet at the bottom of the primary iron ore fine separator 22, and the outlet on the top of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 is connected to the primary iron ore separator 23.
  • the inlet of the side wall of the slag separator 22 is connected, the first-level iron ore separator 22 is connected with the iron ore powder preparation system, the medium temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected with the coal powder preparation system, and the ash hopper 17 is connected with the slag tank 18 connected.
  • the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace 20 has a vertical up-bed structure.
  • the pulverized coal is injected from the side of the lower end of the intermediate temperature carbonization section, and the coke is produced through the carbonization activation process.
  • a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction device with full preheating and gas phase prereduction including: iron ore powder preparation system, pulverized coal preparation system, high temperature gasification melting furnace 16, medium temperature carbonization furnace 20, ash hopper 17, first-grade iron Ore powder separator 22, secondary iron ore powder separator 23, pre-reduction reactor 24; high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 and medium-temperature carbonization furnace 20 are connected by a U-shaped structure, and the lower part is a public ash hopper, high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16 A burner 15 is provided at the top. The upper part of the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected to a coke powder separator 21.
  • the top of the coke powder separator 21 is respectively connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary iron ore powder separator 23 and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the inlet on the side wall of the coke dust separator 21 is connected to the burner 15, the bottom outlet of the pre-reduction reactor is connected to the high-temperature gasification melting furnace 16, and the pre-reduction reactor 24
  • the top outlet is respectively connected with the inlet of the side wall of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 and the outlet at the bottom of the primary iron ore fine separator 22, and the outlet on the top of the secondary iron ore fine separator 23 is connected to the primary iron ore separator 23.
  • the inlet of the side wall of the slag separator 22 is connected, the first-level iron ore separator 22 is connected with the iron ore powder preparation system, the medium temperature carbonization furnace 20 is connected with the coal powder preparation system, and the ash hopper 17 is connected with the slag tank 18 connected.
  • the side wall of the intermediate temperature carbonization furnace 20 is provided with a pulverized coal inlet. It is convenient to use different types of pulverized coal to make coke, and the obtained coke has similar physical and chemical properties, and can be used to reduce iron in the high-temperature gasification melting section.
  • the present invention also provides a coal gasification cooperative molten iron reduction process with sufficient preheating and gas phase prereduction, including:
  • Coal powder is pyrolyzed and gasified to produce coal gas and coke powder
  • the coal gas undergoes a pre-reduction reaction with the two-stage preheated iron ore powder to form semi-reduced iron ore powder,
  • the coke powder is combusted to generate reducing gases such as H 2 and CO, and reacts with semi-reduced iron ore powder at high temperature to generate molten iron.
  • reducing gases such as H 2 and CO
  • semi-reduced iron ore powder at high temperature to generate molten iron.
  • the iron ore powder is preheated in two stages and then pre-reduced. Full pre-heating promotes the pre-reduction.
  • the heat source for the two-stage preheating of iron ore powder is the coal gas.
  • the coal gas generated by gasification of pulverized coal is used to fully preheat the iron ore powder in the two-stage iron ore powder separator, which promotes the pre-reduction process of the iron ore powder.
  • the quality of the molten iron is better. The process is shorter and the production energy consumption is lower.

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Abstract

一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置及方法，属于钢铁冶炼技术领域。该装置包括铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融段（16）、中温炭化段（20）、焦粉分离装置（21）、低温多级气相还原预热段；高温气化熔融段（16）与中温炭化段（20）由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗（17），灰斗（17）下设渣池（18）和捞渣机（19）；高温气化熔融段（16）为立式下行床设计，液态排渣，上端为焦粉给料口，半还原铁矿粉熔融还原；中温炭化段（20）为立式上行床设计，煤粉经过炭化过程制焦；中温炭化段（20）上端连接焦粉分离装置（21），焦粉分离装置（21）连接低温多级气相还原预热段，铁矿粉充分预热促进了预还原。最终完成铁矿粉的气相还原和熔融还原过程，实现充分预热促进预还原的短流程炼铁工艺。

Description

一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于钢铁冶炼技术领域，具体涉及一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
中国的钢铁生产主要以焦化、烧结、球团、高炉、转炉的长流程冶炼为主。高炉炼铁是现代钢铁生产的重要环节，它是应用焦炭、含铁矿石和熔剂在高炉内连续生产液态生铁的方法。近年来，中国的高炉炼铁技术快速发展，不断向自动化、大型化、高效化前进，但高炉炼铁行业也面临着趋于饱和、经济收益低、世界市场竞争力不足等问题。随着国家提出钢铁工业要实现供给侧结构性改革以及环保限产造成炼铁能耗升高，促使现有高炉炼铁流程进行结构性改革。为了摆脱焦煤资源短缺对炼铁发展的限制，适应日益严格的环保要求，短流程炼铁技术逐渐成为钢铁行业的研究热点，但是现有的短流程炼铁工艺存在余热回收低、原料成本较高等问题。
专利CN201811303409.5一种短流程熔融还原炼铁系统及方法，铁矿粉直接还原与粉焦制备装置为底部相通的U型结构，两侧分别为低温还原段、高温还原段，底部为熔融还原段，熔融还原段的底部得到铁水，所述煤粉制备装置、铁矿粉制备装置分别与低温还原段中下部、底部连接，低温还原段与气固分离装置连接，气固分离装置分别与高温还原段的顶部燃烧装置、中部连接。但由于该装置采用两段式，只有是低温还原段和高温还原段，因此，矿粉预还原和煤粉制焦均在低温还原段进行，后续还要对焦铁进行分离，装置结构复杂。
发明内容
为了克服上述问题，本发明提供了一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺。将煤粉进行炭化制焦，所得焦粉在纯氧条件下燃烧与气化形成还原性气氛，加入的半还原铁矿粉在还原气氛中熔融还原并实现渣铁分离，最终铁矿石还原为铁；同时，制焦过程产生的煤气多级气相还原预热，携带上一级铁矿粉进入铁矿粉分离器和预还原反应器，对铁矿粉起到预热和预还原作用，预热促进了预还原过程，充分利用了煤气热值。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，包括：铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融炉、中温炭化炉、灰斗、一级铁矿粉分离器、二级铁矿粉分离器、预还原反应器；高温气化熔融炉与中温炭化炉由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，高温气化熔融炉顶端设置有燃烧器，所述中温炭化炉上部与焦粉分离器的相连，所述焦粉分离器的顶部分别与二级铁矿粉分离器的底部出口和预还原反应器的侧壁上的进口相连，所述焦粉分离器的底部出口与燃烧器相连，所述预还原反应器的底部出口与高温气化熔融炉相连，所述预还原反应器的顶部出口分别与二级铁矿粉分离器侧壁的进口和一级铁矿粉分离器的底部的出口相连，所述二级铁矿粉分离器顶部的出口与所述一级铁矿粉分离器侧壁的进口相连，所述一级铁矿粉分离器与铁矿粉制备系统相连，所述中温炭化炉与煤粉制备系统相连，所述灰斗与渣池相连。
本发明提出一种煤气化协同铁还原工艺，将产生的煤气用于铁矿粉预热和预还原，采用两级铁矿粉分离器和预还原反应器，对铁矿粉的预热促进了预还原，再对预还原后的铁矿粉熔融还原，形成了一套流程短、能耗低的炼铁工艺，对短流程炼铁工艺的发展具有重要意义。
在一些实施例中，所述铁矿粉制备系统由铁矿石仓、第一破碎机、碎矿仓、第一磨粉机、布袋除尘器、铁矿粉仓、铁矿粉给料机依次相连而成。上述装置可将铁矿研磨至所需粒度投入系统炉中，提高铁矿粉的利用率，降低能耗。
在一些实施例中，所述煤粉制备系统由原煤仓、第二破碎机、碎煤仓、第二磨粉机、粗煤分离器、粗煤粉仓、煤粉给料机依次相连而成。上述装置能够实现煤粉的粗、细粉分级利用，同时可实现粗、细粉之间的耗量平衡匹配。
在一些实施例中，所述渣池内设置有捞渣机。上述装置能快速高效去除铁渣、捞渣率高、铁损明显降低。
在一些实施例中，所述高温气化熔融炉为立式下行床结构，上述结构能够使还原性气体与预热的半还原铁矿粉充分反应，提高产率和铁水质量。
与现有的短流程熔融还原炼铁系统相比，本申请为三段式，分别是高温气化熔融段、中温炭化段和低温多级气相还原预热段，矿粉预还原预热和煤粉制焦分别在两个反应段进行，减少了焦铁分离过程。在一些实施例中，所述高温气化熔融炉为液态排渣，上端为焦粉给料口，以利于铁矿粉的还原。
在一些实施例中，所述中温炭化炉为立式上行床结构，使煤粉从中温炭化段下端的侧面喷入，经过炭化活化过程制得焦。
在一些实施例中，所述中温炭化炉侧壁设置有煤粉入口，方便采用不同种类的煤粉制焦，所得焦理化性质相近，均可用于高温气化熔融段还原铁。
本发明还提供了一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺，包括：
煤粉经热解气化产生煤气和焦粉；
所述煤气与经过两级预热的铁矿粉进行预还原反应，形成半还原铁矿粉，
所述焦粉燃烧生成H 2、CO等还原性气体，并与半还原铁矿粉在高温下反应，生成铁水，即得。本申请低温多级气相还原预热段中，对铁矿粉两级预热后再预还原，充分预热对预还原有促进作用。
在一些实施例中，铁矿粉两级预热的热源为所述煤气。利用煤粉气化生成的煤气在两级铁矿粉分离器中充分预热铁矿粉，促进了铁矿粉的预还原过程，铁水质量较好，减小炼铁工艺的复杂程度，使系统流程更短，生产能耗更低。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明提出一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺，根据铁矿粉还原为铁所需的条件，设计低温多级气相还原预热段与高温气化熔融段，分别控制两段反应器内的温度区间，使铁矿粉气相预热和预还原过程在低温段完成，半还原铁矿粉熔融还原过程在高温段完成，利用煤粉气化生成的煤气在两级铁矿粉分离器中充分预热铁矿粉，促进了铁矿粉的预还原过程，铁水质量较好，减小炼铁工艺的复杂程度，使系统流程更短，生产能耗更低。同时，中温段可采用不同种类的煤粉制焦，所得焦理化性质相近，均可用于高温气化熔融段还原铁，对煤种的适用性强，具有广阔的应用前景。
(2)本申请的装置结构简单、成本低、具有普适性，易于规模化生产。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1是实施例1的充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺与装置；
其中：1、铁矿石仓；2、第一破碎机；3、碎矿仓；4、第一磨粉机；5、布袋除尘器；6、铁矿粉仓；7、铁矿粉给料机；8、原煤仓；9、第二破碎机；10、碎煤仓；11、第二磨粉机；12、粗煤分离器；13、粗煤粉仓；14、煤粉给料机；15、燃烧器；16、高温气化熔融段；17、灰斗；18、渣池；19、捞渣机；20、中温炭化段；21、焦粉分离器；22、一级铁矿粉分离器；23、二级铁矿粉分离器；24、预还原反应器；25、焦粉给料机。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本申请使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所介绍的，针对现有的短流程炼铁工艺存在余热回收低、原料成本较高的问题。因此，本发明提出一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺装置，包括铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融段、中温炭化段、焦粉分离装置、低温多级气相还原预热段；高温气化熔融段与中温炭化段由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，灰斗下设渣池和捞渣机；高温气化熔融段为立式下行床设计，液态排渣，上端为焦粉给料口；中温炭化段为立式上行床设计，煤粉从中温炭化段下端的侧面喷入，经过炭化活化过程制得焦；中温炭化段上端连接焦粉分离装置，分离焦粉和煤气；焦粉分离装置上端连接低温多级气相还原预热段。
优选的，铁矿粉制备系统包括铁矿石仓、第一破碎机、碎矿仓、第一磨粉机、布袋除尘器、铁矿粉仓、铁矿粉给料机。
优选的，煤粉制备系统包括原煤仓、第二破碎机、碎煤仓、第二磨粉机、粗煤分离器、粗煤粉仓、煤粉给料机。
进一步优选的，粗煤分离器与布袋除尘器相连。
所述铁矿粉制备系统能够将铁矿石磨至所要求粒度，并将其投入低温多级气相还原预热段实现预热和预还原过程；所述煤粉制备系统能够将原煤磨至所要求粒度，并实现煤粉的粗细分级利用。
优选的，高温气化熔融段从上到下依次为焦粉燃烧装置、半还原铁矿粉熔融还原段，高温气化熔融段上端连接焦粉给料口，熔融还原的铁水和熔渣向下排出。
优选的，中温炭化段上端连接焦粉分离器，下端连接煤粉给料口。
进一步优选的，高温气化熔融段和中温炭化段U型结构连接，公用灰斗，灰斗下设渣池和捞渣机。
优选的，焦粉分离器上端连接低温多级气相还原预热段，下端连接高温气化熔融段顶部的燃烧器。
进一步优选的，焦粉分离器上端排出的煤气温度最高。
优选的，低温多级气相还原预热段由两级铁矿粉分离器和预还原反应器组成，两级铁矿粉分离器上端排出不同温度的煤气，下端分离出由不同温度煤气预热后的铁矿粉；预还原反应器上端排出温度较高的煤气，下端分离出由较高温度煤气预还原后的铁矿粉。
进一步优选的，一级铁矿粉分离器排出煤气温度最低，二级铁矿粉分离器排出煤气温度较低，预还原反应器排出煤气温度较高；一级铁矿粉分离器分离出的铁矿粉温度最低，二级铁矿粉分离器分离出的铁矿粉温度中等，预还原反应器分离出的铁矿粉温度最高。
更进一步优选的，两级铁矿粉分离器主要起预热作用，预还原反应器主要起预还原作用，对铁矿粉的充分预热促进了之后的预还原。末端温度低，以预热为主，随温度提高以预还原为主。
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺，具体步骤为：
1)粉料制备
铁矿石和原煤分别经过铁矿粉制备系统和煤粉制备系统，进行原料的破碎、磨粉，并分
别进入铁矿粉仓和粗煤粉仓备用；
2)中温段：煤粉焦化
煤粉制备系统所制的煤粉送入中温炭化段下端，煤粉在高温段的温度和气氛作用下热解气化产生煤气和粉焦，在上升气流床作用下，煤气和粉焦进入上端的粉焦分离器；
3)低温段：低温多级气相还原预热
粉焦分离器上端排出温度最高的煤气，携带二级铁矿粉分离器下端分离的二次预热铁矿粉进入预还原反应器；预还原反应器中温度较高，主要发生铁矿粉预还原反应，上端排出温度较高的煤气，携带一级铁矿粉分离器下端分离的一次预热铁矿粉进入二级铁矿粉分离器；二级铁矿粉分离器温度较低，主要对铁矿粉起预热作用，上端排出温度较低的煤气，携带铁矿粉仓输入的铁矿粉进入一级铁矿粉分离器；一级铁矿粉分离器温度最低，主要对铁矿粉起预热作用，上端排出温度最低的煤气；两级铁矿粉分离器主要起预热作用，随温度升高预还原作用为主，预还原反应器主要起预还原作用，充分预热促进了预还原。
4)高温段：焦纯氧燃烧与气化，铁熔融还原
焦粉分离器下端分离的焦粉送入高温段顶部的燃烧器，在纯氧条件下发生燃烧气化反应，
生成H 2、CO等还原性气体，产生大量热量；预还原反应器下端分离的半还原铁矿粉输
入高温段上端，在还原性气氛和高温条件下，半还原铁矿粉变成熔融状态，在高温气化
熔融段发生熔融还原反应，还原为铁水，最终实现渣铁分离。
下面结合附图对本申请的结构和工艺过程进一步说明：
实施例1：
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺与装置的结构包括铁矿粉制备系统，由铁矿石仓1、第一破碎机2、碎矿仓3、第一磨粉机4、布袋除尘器5、铁矿粉仓6、铁矿粉给料机7组成，铁矿粉给料机7连接一级铁矿粉分离器22的进料口；煤粉制备系统由原煤仓8、第二破碎机9、碎煤仓10、第二磨粉机11、粗粉分离器12、粗煤粉仓13、煤粉给料机14组成；中温炭化段20是上行气流床，上端连接焦粉分离器21，下端连接煤粉给料机14，底部为灰斗17；高温段是下行床，从上往下依次包括燃烧器15、高温气化熔融段16、灰斗17，上端连接半还原铁矿粉给料机25；中温段和高温段U型结构布置，共用一个灰斗17，灰斗17下部设置渣池18与捞渣机19；粉焦分离器21上端连接低温多级气相还原预热段的预还原反应器24，下端由给料机连接到高温段顶部的燃烧器15；低温多级气相还原预热段由一级铁矿粉分离器22、二级铁矿粉分离器23、预还原反应器24、半还原铁矿粉给料机25组成；一级铁矿粉分离器22入口连接二级铁矿粉分离器23上端出口与铁矿粉给料机7，上端出口为煤气出口，下端出口为一次预热铁矿粉出口；二级铁矿粉分离器23入口连接预还原反应器24上端出口与一级铁矿粉分离器22下端出口，上端出口为煤气出口，下端出口为二次预热铁矿粉出口；预还原反应器24入口连接焦粉分离器21上端出口与二级铁矿粉分离器23下端出口，上端出口为煤气出口，下端出口为半还原铁矿粉出口，下端出口连接半还原铁矿粉给料机25，并通入高温段上端。
1)粉料制备
如图1所示，铁矿粉制备系统竖直布置，铁矿石经第一破碎机和第一磨粉机后研磨成直径100～500μm的铁矿粉，铁矿粉由泵送入布袋除尘器后在铁矿粉仓中储存；煤粉制备系统竖直布置，原煤经第二破碎机和第二磨粉机后研磨成直径100～500μm的煤粉，煤粉由泵送入粗煤分离器后在煤粉仓中储存备用。
2)中温段：煤粉焦化
煤粉制备系统所制的煤粉由煤粉给料机送入中温炭化段下端，煤粉在高温段的温度和气氛作用下热解气化产生煤气和粉焦，在上升气流床作用下，煤气和粉焦进入上端的焦粉分离 器；
3)低温段：低温多级气相还原预热
焦粉分离器上端出口排出温度最高的煤气，煤气温度大约800～1000℃，携带二级铁矿粉分离器下端出口分离的二次预热铁矿粉进入预还原反应器，二次预热铁矿粉温度大约400～700℃；预还原反应器上端出口排出温度较高的煤气，煤气温度大约600～800℃，携带一级铁矿粉分离器下端出口分离的一次预热铁矿粉进入二级铁矿粉分离器，一次预热铁矿粉温度大约200～400℃；二级铁矿粉分离器上端排出温度较低的煤气，煤气温度大约400～600℃，携带铁矿粉仓输入的铁矿粉进入一级铁矿粉分离器，铁矿粉温度大约-20～40℃(根据环境变化温度有所差异)；一级铁矿粉分离器上端出口排出温度最低的煤气，煤气温度200～400℃；两级铁矿粉分离器主要起预热作用，随温度升高预还原作用为主，预还原反应器主要起预还原作用，充分预热促进了预还原。
4)高温段：焦纯氧燃烧与气化，铁熔融还原
焦粉分离器下端出口分离的焦粉送入高温段顶部的燃烧器，所分离焦粉温度大约750～950℃，在纯氧条件下发生燃烧气化反应，生成H 2、CO等还原性气体，产生大量热量，温度达到1300～1600℃；预还原反应器下端出口分离的半还原铁矿粉温度大约600～900℃，经半还原铁矿粉给料机输入高温段上端，在还原性气氛和高温条件下，半还原铁矿粉变成熔融状态，在高温气化熔融段发生熔融还原反应并向下流动，还原为铁水，最终实现渣铁分离，落入渣池。
实施例2：
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，包括：铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融炉16、中温炭化炉20、灰斗17、一级铁矿粉分离器22、二级铁矿粉分离器23、预还原反应器24；高温气化熔融炉16与中温炭化炉20由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，高温气化熔融炉16顶端设置有燃烧器15，所述中温炭化炉20上部与焦粉分离器21相连，所述焦粉分离器21的顶部分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23的底部出口和预还原反应器24的侧壁上的进口相连，所述焦粉分离器21的底部出口与燃烧器15相连，所述预还原反应器的底部出口与高温气化熔融炉16相连，所述预还原反应器24的顶部出口分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23侧壁的进口和一级铁矿粉分离器22的底部的出口相连，所述二级铁矿粉分离器23顶部的出口与所述一级铁矿粉分离器22侧壁的进口相连，所述一级铁矿粉分离器22与铁矿粉制备系统相连，所述中温炭化炉20与煤粉制备系统相连，所述灰斗17与渣池18相 连。
实施例3：
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，包括：铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融炉16、中温炭化炉20、灰斗17、一级铁矿粉分离器22、二级铁矿粉分离器23、预还原反应器24；高温气化熔融炉16与中温炭化炉20由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，高温气化熔融炉16顶端设置有燃烧器15，所述中温炭化炉20上部与焦粉分离器21相连，所述焦粉分离器21的顶部分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23的底部出口和预还原反应器24的侧壁上的进口相连，所述焦粉分离器21的底部出口与燃烧器15相连，所述预还原反应器的底部出口与高温气化熔融炉16相连，所述预还原反应器24的顶部出口分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23侧壁的进口和一级铁矿粉分离器22的底部的出口相连，所述二级铁矿粉分离器23顶部的出口与所述一级铁矿粉分离器22侧壁的进口相连，所述一级铁矿粉分离器22与铁矿粉制备系统相连，所述中温炭化炉20与煤粉制备系统相连，所述灰斗17与渣池18相连。
所述铁矿粉制备系统由铁矿石仓1、第一破碎机2、碎矿仓3、第一磨粉机4、布袋除尘器5、铁矿粉仓6、铁矿粉给料机7依次相连而成。上述装置可将铁矿研磨至所需粒度投入系统炉中，提高铁矿粉的利用率，降低能耗。
实施例4：
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，包括：铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融炉16、中温炭化炉20、灰斗17、一级铁矿粉分离器22、二级铁矿粉分离器23、预还原反应器24；高温气化熔融炉16与中温炭化炉20由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，高温气化熔融炉16顶端设置有燃烧器15，所述中温炭化炉20上部与焦粉分离器21相连，所述焦粉分离器21的顶部分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23的底部出口和预还原反应器24的侧壁上的进口相连，所述焦粉分离器21的底部出口与燃烧器15相连，所述预还原反应器的底部出口与高温气化熔融炉16相连，所述预还原反应器24的顶部出口分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23侧壁的进口和一级铁矿粉分离器22的底部的出口相连，所述二级铁矿粉分离器23顶部的出口与所述一级铁矿粉分离器22侧壁的进口相连，所述一级铁矿粉分离器22与铁矿粉制备系统相连，所述中温炭化炉20与煤粉制备系统相连，所述灰斗17与渣池18相连。
所述煤粉制备系统由原煤仓8、第二破碎机9、碎煤仓10、第二磨粉机11、粗煤分离器 12、粗煤粉仓13、煤粉给料机14依次相连而成。上述装置能够实现煤粉的粗、细粉分级利用，同时可实现粗、细粉之间的耗量平衡匹配。
实施例5：
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，包括：铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融炉16、中温炭化炉20、灰斗17、一级铁矿粉分离器22、二级铁矿粉分离器23、预还原反应器24；高温气化熔融炉16与中温炭化炉20由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，高温气化熔融炉16顶端设置有燃烧器15，所述中温炭化炉20上部与焦粉分离器21相连，所述焦粉分离器21的顶部分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23的底部出口和预还原反应器24的侧壁上的进口相连，所述焦粉分离器21的底部出口与燃烧器15相连，所述预还原反应器的底部出口与高温气化熔融炉16相连，所述预还原反应器24的顶部出口分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23侧壁的进口和一级铁矿粉分离器22的底部的出口相连，所述二级铁矿粉分离器23顶部的出口与所述一级铁矿粉分离器22侧壁的进口相连，所述一级铁矿粉分离器22与铁矿粉制备系统相连，所述中温炭化炉20与煤粉制备系统相连，所述灰斗17与渣池18相连。
所述渣池18内设置有捞渣机19。上述装置能快速高效去除铁渣、捞渣率高、铁损明显降低。
实施例6：
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，包括：铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融炉16、中温炭化炉20、灰斗17、一级铁矿粉分离器22、二级铁矿粉分离器23、预还原反应器24；高温气化熔融炉16与中温炭化炉20由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，高温气化熔融炉16顶端设置有燃烧器15，所述中温炭化炉20上部与焦粉分离器21相连，所述焦粉分离器21的顶部分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23的底部出口和预还原反应器24的侧壁上的进口相连，所述焦粉分离器21的底部出口与燃烧器15相连，所述预还原反应器的底部出口与高温气化熔融炉16相连，所述预还原反应器24的顶部出口分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23侧壁的进口和一级铁矿粉分离器22的底部的出口相连，所述二级铁矿粉分离器23顶部的出口与所述一级铁矿粉分离器22侧壁的进口相连，所述一级铁矿粉分离器22与铁矿粉制备系统相连，所述中温炭化炉20与煤粉制备系统相连，所述灰斗17与渣池18相连。
所述高温气化熔融炉16为立式下行床结构。上述结构能够使还原性气体与预热的半还原 铁矿粉充分反应，提高产率和铁水质量。
实施例7：
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，包括：铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融炉16、中温炭化炉20、灰斗17、一级铁矿粉分离器22、二级铁矿粉分离器23、预还原反应器24；高温气化熔融炉16与中温炭化炉20由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，高温气化熔融炉16顶端设置有燃烧器15，所述中温炭化炉20上部与焦粉分离器21相连，所述焦粉分离器21的顶部分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23的底部出口和预还原反应器24的侧壁上的进口相连，所述焦粉分离器21的底部出口与燃烧器15相连，所述预还原反应器的底部出口与高温气化熔融炉16相连，所述预还原反应器24的顶部出口分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23侧壁的进口和一级铁矿粉分离器22的底部的出口相连，所述二级铁矿粉分离器23顶部的出口与所述一级铁矿粉分离器22侧壁的进口相连，所述一级铁矿粉分离器22与铁矿粉制备系统相连，所述中温炭化炉20与煤粉制备系统相连，所述灰斗17与渣池18相连。
与现有的短流程熔融还原炼铁系统相比，本申请为三段式，分别是高温气化熔融段、中温炭化段和低温多级气相还原预热段，矿粉预还原预热和煤粉制焦分别在两个反应段进行，减少了焦铁分离过程。在本实施例中，所述高温气化熔融炉16为液态排渣，上端为焦粉给料口，以利于铁矿粉的还原。
实施例8：
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，包括：铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融炉16、中温炭化炉20、灰斗17、一级铁矿粉分离器22、二级铁矿粉分离器23、预还原反应器24；高温气化熔融炉16与中温炭化炉20由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，高温气化熔融炉16顶端设置有燃烧器15，所述中温炭化炉20上部与焦粉分离器21相连，所述焦粉分离器21的顶部分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23的底部出口和预还原反应器24的侧壁上的进口相连，所述焦粉分离器21的底部出口与燃烧器15相连，所述预还原反应器的底部出口与高温气化熔融炉16相连，所述预还原反应器24的顶部出口分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23侧壁的进口和一级铁矿粉分离器22的底部的出口相连，所述二级铁矿粉分离器23顶部的出口与所述一级铁矿粉分离器22侧壁的进口相连，所述一级铁矿粉分离器22与铁矿粉制备系统相连，所述中温炭化炉20与煤粉制备系统相连，所述灰斗17与渣池18相连。
所述中温炭化炉20为立式上行床结构。使煤粉从中温炭化段下端的侧面喷入，经过炭化活化过程制得焦。
实施例9：
一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，包括：铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融炉16、中温炭化炉20、灰斗17、一级铁矿粉分离器22、二级铁矿粉分离器23、预还原反应器24；高温气化熔融炉16与中温炭化炉20由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，高温气化熔融炉16顶端设置有燃烧器15，所述中温炭化炉20上部与焦粉分离器21相连，所述焦粉分离器21的顶部分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23的底部出口和预还原反应器24的侧壁上的进口相连，所述焦粉分离器21的底部出口与燃烧器15相连，所述预还原反应器的底部出口与高温气化熔融炉16相连，所述预还原反应器24的顶部出口分别与二级铁矿粉分离器23侧壁的进口和一级铁矿粉分离器22的底部的出口相连，所述二级铁矿粉分离器23顶部的出口与所述一级铁矿粉分离器22侧壁的进口相连，所述一级铁矿粉分离器22与铁矿粉制备系统相连，所述中温炭化炉20与煤粉制备系统相连，所述灰斗17与渣池18相连。
所述中温炭化炉20侧壁设置有煤粉入口。方便采用不同种类的煤粉制焦，所得焦理化性质相近，均可用于高温气化熔融段还原铁。
实施例10
本发明还提供了一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺，包括：
煤粉经热解气化产生煤气和焦粉；
所述煤气与经过两级预热的铁矿粉进行预还原反应，形成半还原铁矿粉，
所述焦粉燃烧生成H 2、CO等还原性气体，并与半还原铁矿粉在高温下反应，生成铁水，即得。本申请低温多级气相还原预热段中，对铁矿粉两级预热后再预还原，充分预热对预还原有促进作用。
在本实施例中，铁矿粉两级预热的热源为所述煤气。利用煤粉气化生成的煤气在两级铁矿粉分离器中充分预热铁矿粉，促进了铁矿粉的预还原过程，铁水质量较好，减小炼铁工艺的复杂程度，使系统流程更短，生产能耗更低。
最后应该说明的是，以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神 和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，其特征在于，包括：铁矿粉制备系统、煤粉制备系统、高温气化熔融炉、中温炭化炉、灰斗、一级铁矿粉分离器、二级铁矿粉分离器、预还原反应器；高温气化熔融炉与中温炭化炉由U型结构连接，下部为公用灰斗，高温气化熔融炉顶端设置有燃烧器，所述中温炭化炉上部与焦粉分离器相连，所述焦粉分离器的顶部分别与二级铁矿粉分离器的底部出口和预还原反应器的侧壁上的进口相连，所述焦粉分离器的底部出口与燃烧器相连，所述预还原反应器的底部出口与高温气化熔融炉相连，所述预还原反应器的顶部出口分别与二级铁矿粉分离器侧壁的进口和一级铁矿粉分离器的底部的出口相连，所述二级铁矿粉分离器顶部的出口与所述一级铁矿粉分离器侧壁的进口相连，所述一级铁矿粉分离器与铁矿粉制备系统相连，所述中温炭化炉与煤粉制备系统相连，所述灰斗与渣池相连。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，其特征在于，所述铁矿粉制备系统由铁矿石仓、第一破碎机、碎矿仓、第一磨粉机、布袋除尘器、铁矿粉仓、铁矿粉给料机依次相连而成。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，其特征在于，所述煤粉制备系统由原煤仓、第二破碎机、碎煤仓、第二磨粉机、粗煤分离器、粗煤粉仓、煤粉给料机依次相连而成。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，其特征在于，所述渣池内设置有捞渣机。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，其特征在于，所述高温气化熔融炉为立式下行床结构。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，其特征在于，所述高温气化熔融炉为液态排渣，上端为焦粉给料口。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，其特征在于，所述中温炭化炉为立式上行床结构。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置，其特征在于，所述中温炭化炉侧壁设置有煤粉入口。
  9. 一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺，其特征在于，包括：
    煤粉经热解气化产生煤气和焦粉；
    所述煤气与经过两级预热的铁矿粉进行预还原反应，形成半还原铁矿粉，
    所述焦粉燃烧生成H 2、CO还原性气体，并与半还原铁矿粉在高温下反应，生成铁水，即得。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原工艺，其特征在于，铁矿粉两级预热的热源为所述煤气。
PCT/CN2019/129538 2019-06-27 2019-12-28 一种充分预热和气相预还原的煤气化协同熔融铁还原装置及方法 Ceased WO2020258806A1 (zh)

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CN110578029B (zh) * 2019-09-25 2020-11-10 山东大学 一种两段式下降气流床炼铁系统及炼铁工艺
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