WO2020258774A1 - Electrostatic power generation device utilizing lunar dust - Google Patents

Electrostatic power generation device utilizing lunar dust Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020258774A1
WO2020258774A1 PCT/CN2019/126794 CN2019126794W WO2020258774A1 WO 2020258774 A1 WO2020258774 A1 WO 2020258774A1 CN 2019126794 W CN2019126794 W CN 2019126794W WO 2020258774 A1 WO2020258774 A1 WO 2020258774A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
capacitor
moon
power generation
shell
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PCT/CN2019/126794
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谢和平
莫思特
李碧雄
高明忠
李存宝
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深圳大学
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Publication of WO2020258774A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020258774A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/06—Influence generators
    • H02N1/08—Influence generators with conductive charge carrier, i.e. capacitor machines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of moon dust electrostatic power generation, and in particular to a device that utilizes moon dust electrostatic power generation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, which aims to solve the problem that the existing solar cell and small radioisotope thermoelectric power generation technology is difficult to provide sufficient energy supply for lunar exploration activities. .
  • An electrostatic power generation device using moon dust which includes:
  • the moon dust charge collector (20) includes a housing (210) and a gravity center conversion mechanism vertically arranged inside the housing for rotation of the housing;
  • the housing (210) includes a first housing (211), a second housing (212), and an insulating part (213) provided between the first housing (211) and the second housing (212) ;
  • the first housing (211) and the second housing (212) are equal in size, and both are hemispherical surfaces;
  • the first housing (211) is connected to the positive electrode (110) of the capacitor (10) through a short circuit (30) or the second housing (212) is connected to the capacitor (10) through a short circuit (30). )'S negative (120) connection;
  • the moon dust electrostatic power generation device stores electric energy.
  • the center of gravity conversion mechanism includes:
  • the other end of the outer tube (221) and the other end of the inner tube (222) are respectively fixedly arranged on the casing (210).
  • the housing (210) is a spherical hollow housing composed of two hemispherical metals separated by an insulating part (213) in the middle, and the two hemispherical metals are respectively
  • the insulating portion (213) is composed of an insulating material for maintaining insulation between the first housing (211) and the second housing (212), and
  • the spherical center of the housing (210) and the center of gravity of the housing (210) are the centers of the insulating portion (213).
  • the length of the outer tube (221) is equal to the length of the inner tube (222), and the weight of the outer tube (221) is equal to that of the inner tube (222).
  • the weight is the same, made of the same material with a thermal expansion coefficient greater than 50 ⁇ 10 -6 /°C, and the surface is insulated; one end of the outer tube (221) is connected to the first shell (211) with the vertical line passing through the center of the sphere.
  • one end of the inner tube (222) is connected to the intersection of the second shell (212) with the vertical line of the second shell (212) passing through the center of the sphere, and Connected to the inside of the second housing (212); the outer tube (221) and the other end of the inner tube (222) are linearly sleeved, and the outer tube and the inner tube are coaxial, and the axis passes through the spherical center of the shell (210), and It is perpendicular to the great circle where the insulating part (213) is located;
  • the weight (223) moves to the side of the second housing (212), so that the center of gravity of the moon dust charge collector (20) is biased to the side of the second housing (212), and the first housing (211) faces Up, the second housing (212) faces down;
  • the weight (223) moves to the side of the first housing (211), so that the center of gravity of the moon dust charge collector (20) is shifted to the side of the first housing (211), and the first housing (211) faces downwards ,
  • the second housing (212) faces upwards;
  • the weight (223) passes through the center of the shell (210), causing the shell (210) to flip.
  • the capacitor (10) is a cylindrical capacitor; the capacitor is connected to each end of the housing (210), and is connected to the housing through the two end insulating parts (501, 502)
  • the center of gravity of the combination of the housing (210), the capacitors at both ends, the insulating material connecting the housing (210) and the capacitors at both ends is on the center of the sphere of the housing (210); the insulating parts (501, 502) are made of insulating materials Make.
  • the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust which further comprises a first bracket (401) and a second bracket (402) for supporting the moon dust charge collector, and an insulating member (501) connected to the insulating part , 502);
  • the moon dust charge collector is movably connected to the first bracket (401) and the second bracket (402) through the insulating members (501, 502), so that the weight (223) passes through the shell When the body (210) is at the center of the sphere, the moon dust charge collector (20) and the capacitor (10) are turned over.
  • the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust further includes a dust charge cleaning device (60) arranged between the first support (401) and the second support (402).
  • the dust charge cleaning device (60) includes: a metal brush (622) with a cleaning spherical surface (621) arranged on the cleaning spherical surface and a grounding wire ( 623).
  • the short circuiter (30) includes a body (300), and
  • Housing contact (301), housing contact pin (302), first elastic member (303), isolating portion (304), second elastic member (305), capacitor contact pin (306), capacitor contact (307) Made of metal materials and short-circuited each other.
  • ⁇ ds is the positive charge density on the surface of the moon and day;
  • R is the radius of the moon dust charge collector (20);
  • ⁇ d is the dielectric constant of the moon and day dust;
  • ⁇ ns is the density of negative charges on the surface of the moon on the moon night;
  • R is the radius of the moon dust charge collector (20);
  • ⁇ n is the dielectric constant of the moon night and moon dust;
  • C1+C2 is the sum of the capacitance values of the two capacitors (10) on both sides.
  • the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust provided by the present invention utilizes the charging characteristics of the moon dust on the moon and the change law of the charge carried by the moon dust to generate electricity.
  • the power generation device provided has simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, and power generation efficiency. High, it adopts passive sensing and passive control mode, which can continuously generate electricity. Thus, the existing power generation technology is difficult to provide sufficient energy supply for lunar exploration activities.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of an electrostatic power generation device using moon dust according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the gravity center conversion structure of the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the short circuiter in the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust charge cleaning device in the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust during the day and the moon in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust at the moon night in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 10 capacitor; 20: moon dust charge collector; 110: positive electrode; 120: negative electrode; 210: shell; 211: first shell; 212: second shell; 213: insulating part; 221: outer tube; 222 : Inner tube; 223: heavy hammer; 30: short-circuit device; 300: body; 301: shell contact; 302: shell contact bolt; 303: first elastic member; 304: isolating part; 305: second elastic 306: Capacitor contact pin; 307: Capacitor contact; 401: First support; 402: Second support; 501 (502) insulation; 60: Dust charge cleaning device; 621: Cleaning spherical surface; 622: Metal wool Brush; 623: ground wire;
  • the present invention provides an electrostatic power generation device using moon dust.
  • the present invention will be described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
  • the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust includes a capacitor 10, and a moon dust charge collector 20.
  • the moon dust charge collector 20 includes a housing 210 and is vertically arranged at The center of gravity conversion mechanism 220 (not shown in the figure) for rotating the housing 210 inside the housing 210; the housing 210 includes a first housing 211, a second housing 212, and a The insulating portion 213 between the housing 211 and the second housing 212; wherein the capacitor 10 is an ultra-large capacity capacitor.
  • the first housing 211 is connected to the positive electrode 110 of the capacitor 10 through a short circuit 30 or the second housing 212 is connected to the negative electrode 120 of the capacitor 10 through a short circuit 30.
  • the positive and negative charges in the moon dust are collected in the capacitor. When enough charges are collected in the capacitor, the capacitor can be powered with the load to achieve the purpose of generating electricity.
  • the main body of the lunar dust charge collector 20 is a uniform metal sphere, the center of gravity of the metal sphere is at the center of the sphere; half of the metal sphere is defined as a positive hemisphere (corresponding to the first One shell 211) is used to collect the positive charges in the moon dust; the other half is defined as a negative hemisphere (corresponding to the second shell 212), which is used to collect the negative charges in the moon dust.
  • An insulating part 213 for preventing mutual discharge between the positive hemisphere and the negative hemisphere is also provided between the positive hemisphere and the negative hemisphere, and the insulating part 213 is made of an insulating material with good insulating properties, as an example
  • the insulating material may be polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the types of metals used in the metal spherical surface include, but are not limited to, platinum, gold, copper, aluminum and the like.
  • the moondust On the light-receiving surface of the moon, it is mainly affected by solar radiation.
  • the photoelectric effect of moondust interacts with photons to emit negatively charged photoelectrons.
  • the moondust gets the corresponding positive charge, so that a layer of electric potential is formed above the surface of the moon.
  • the dust is absorbed, so that a plasma sheath with a negative potential is formed on the moon surface.
  • the invention collects the static charge carried in the moon dust and stores the collected charge in a capacitor for power generation. It solves the problem that the existing power generation technology is difficult to provide sufficient energy supply for lunar exploration activities.
  • the center of gravity conversion mechanism 220 includes: an outer tube 221, an inner tube 222 sleeved with one end of the outer tube 221, and a sleeve sleeve provided on the outer tube A weight 223 on one end; the other end of the outer tube 221 and the other end of the inner tube 222 are respectively fixed on the housing 210.
  • the center of gravity conversion mechanism 220 includes two metal tubes (inner tube 222, outer tube 221) and a weight 223, the two metal tubes are connected together by a sleeve connection, and the weight 223 is fixed.
  • the outer tube 221 On one end of the outer tube 221 sleeved, the outer tube 221 can move up and down along the outer side wall of the inner tube 222.
  • the gravity center conversion mechanism passes through the center of the metal sphere and is vertically arranged in the middle of the metal ball.
  • the other end (non-sleeve end) of the outer tube and the other end (non-sleeve end) of the inner tube can be welded to the inside of the metal sphere by means such as welding.
  • the lengths of the inner tube and the outer tube are equal, and the weights of the inner tube and the outer tube are the same.
  • the purpose is to keep the overall center of gravity at the center of the sphere. When the weight is set, the weight is considered The overall center of gravity shifts from the center of the ball to the side of the center of gravity.
  • the materials used for the inner tube 222 and the outer tube 221 are made of materials with high strength and a thermal expansion coefficient greater than 50 ⁇ 10 -6 /° C.
  • they may be bakelite materials.
  • the material used for the heavy hammer is a metal with a higher density, such as lead.
  • the working process of the center-of-gravity conversion mechanism is that during the day and the month, as the ambient temperature rises, the weight 223 moves to the side of the second housing 212 so that the first housing 211 faces upward, so The second housing 212 faces downward; on a moonlit night, the weight 223 moves to the side of the first housing 211, so that the first housing 211 faces downwards and the second housing 212 faces upwards; At the alternate time of the moon and the night, the weight 223 passes through the center of the shell 210, causing the shell 210 to turn over.
  • the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust further includes a first bracket 401, a second bracket 402 for supporting the moon dust charge collector 20, and The insulating member 501 (502) connected to the insulating portion 213; the moon dust charge collector 20 is movably connected to the first bracket 401 and the second bracket 402 through the insulating member 501 (502).
  • the first bracket 401 and the second bracket 402 are arranged on the lunar support bracket.
  • the insulating member may be an insulating rod, an insulating column, etc., that is, the shape of the insulating member is not limited herein.
  • the first bracket 401 and the second bracket 402 are made of insulating materials, which may be ceramic materials as an example.
  • the insulating part of the moon dust charge collector and the capacitor are fixedly connected together by the insulating member.
  • the first support frame 401 and the second support frame 402 connect the moon dust charge collector and the super capacitor together. 10 support it up.
  • the super capacitor 10 is cylindrical, and its axis is on the insulating member (such as an insulating rod).
  • the moon dust charge collector and the capacitor can rotate around the insulating member.
  • the bracket 401 (402) is provided with a short circuit 30, and the short circuit 30 is used to connect with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the super capacitor 10.
  • the height of the short circuiter is located above the insulating part, that is, only the upper half of the moon dust charge collector (the upper part of the insulating part) can pass through the short circuiter to the positive electrode (negative electrode connection) of the capacitor.
  • the positive electrode potential Vp of the capacitor 10 is calculated as follows:
  • ⁇ ds is the surface positive charge density of the moon and day;
  • R is the radius of the moon dust charge collector 20;
  • ⁇ d is the dielectric constant of the moon and day moon dust;
  • ⁇ ns is the density of negative charges on the surface of the moon on the moon night;
  • R is the radius of the moon dust charge collector (20);
  • ⁇ n is the dielectric constant of the moon night and moon dust;
  • C1+C2 is the sum of the capacitance values of the two capacitors (10) on both sides.
  • the short circuiter 30 includes a body 300, the body 300 is a long strip, and a shell contact 301 is provided at one end of the body 300 for contact with the shell.
  • a shell contact pin 302 fixedly connected to one end of the shell contact, a first elastic member 303 connected to the shell contact pin; a device provided at the other end of the body 300 for contacting a capacitor
  • the housing contact 301 and the capacitor contact 307 can be retractable in the body 300.
  • the housing contact 301, the housing contact pin 302, the first elastic member 303, and the isolation portion 304; the second elastic member 305; the capacitor contact pin 306 and the capacitor contact 307 are made of metal materials and short-circuited to each other .
  • the first elastic member 303 and the second elastic member 305 may be metal springs.
  • the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust further includes a dust charge cleaning device arranged between the first support 401 and the second support 402 60.
  • the dust charge cleaning device 60 is used to clean off the moon dust attached to the metal spherical surface.
  • the dust charge cleaning device 60 has an appearance of a cubic shape, its length and width are slightly larger than twice the radius of the housing 210, and its height is slightly larger than the radius of the housing 210; on the side facing the housing 210, it has a radius and a radius of the housing 210.
  • the same cleaning spherical surface 621 is concave inward; the cleaning spherical surface 621 is provided with a metal brush 622; the metal brush 622 is short-circuited with the metal spherical surface, and a ground wire 623 short-circuits the metal spherical surface to the deep surface of the moon.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic diagram of the operation of the power generation equipment during the moon and the day.
  • the first housing 211 that is, the positive hemisphere is facing upwards, and the positive electrode 110 of the capacitor 10 is facing upwards, and the positive hemisphere is connected to the positive electrode 110 of the supercapacitor through the short circuit 30.
  • the negative hemisphere of the second housing 212 is in the dust charge cleaning device 60.
  • the positive charge in the moondust on the positive hemisphere is introduced to the positive electrode of the capacitor through the short circuit.
  • the dust charge cleaning device sweeps away the dust on the surface of the negative hemisphere and removes the negative charges on the negative hemisphere.
  • FIG. 6 it is a schematic diagram of the operation of the power generation device at moonlight night.
  • the negative hemisphere of the second housing 212 faces upwards, at this time the negative electrode 120 of the capacitor 10 faces upward, and the negative hemisphere is connected to the negative electrode of the supercapacitor 10 through the short circuit 30.
  • the positive hemisphere is in the dust charge cleaning device 60.
  • the negative charge in the moon dust on the negative hemisphere is introduced to the negative electrode of the capacitor through the short circuit.
  • the dust charge cleaning device sweeps away the dust on the surface of the positive hemisphere and removes the positive charge on the positive hemisphere.
  • the electric energy of the present invention is stored in a capacitor, and when the capacitor is connected to a DC load through a switch, it can supply power to the DC load. When the capacitor is connected to the AC load through a switch or inverter, it can supply power to the AC load.
  • the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust cooperates with the capacitor through the moon dust charge collector.
  • the positive charge in the moon dust is introduced into the positive electrode of the capacitor.
  • the gravity conversion mechanism rotates the moon dust charge collector and the capacitor, and guides the negative charge in the moon dust to the negative electrode of the capacitor.
  • the dust charge cleaning device is used to clean the part in which the moon dust charge collector is located, and the above processes alternate in cycles.
  • the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust provided by the present invention utilizes the charging characteristics of the moon dust on the moon and the change law of the charge carried by the moon dust to generate electricity, the provided power generation device has simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, and power generation efficiency High, capable of continuous power generation.
  • the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust provided by the present invention solves the problem that the existing power generation technology is difficult to provide sufficient energy supply for lunar exploration activities.

Abstract

An electrostatic power generation device utilizing lunar dust. The electrostatic power generation device comprises a capacitor (10), a lunar dust charge collector (20), and a gravity center conversion mechanism (220) used for rotation of a housing (210). The housing (210) comprises a first housing (211), a second housing (212), and an insulating portion (213) provided between the first housing (211) and the second housing (212). The first housing (211) is connected to a positive electrode (110) of the capacitor (10) by means of a short circuiting device (30), or the second housing (212) is connected to a negative electrode (120) of the capacitor (10) by means of the short circuiting device (30); and when the first housing (211) is connected to the positive electrode (110) of the capacitor (10) by means of the short circuiting device (30) or the second housing (212) is connected to the negative electrode (120) of the capacitor (10) by means of the short circuiting device (30), the electrostatic power generation device utilizing the lunar dust stores electric energy. The device has the characteristics of being simple in structure, convenient to maintain, high in power generation efficiency, and capable of continuously generating power in a passive sensing and control mode.

Description

一种利用月尘静电发电装置An electrostatic power generation device using moon dust 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及月尘静电发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种利用月尘静电发电装置。The invention relates to the technical field of moon dust electrostatic power generation, and in particular to a device that utilizes moon dust electrostatic power generation.
背景技术Background technique
随着科技的进步，人类对外太空的探索力度越来越大。目前，人类的探月工程中的能源供应主要依靠太阳能电池以及小型放射性同位素温差发电技术，仅仅依靠太阳能电池或小型放射性同位素温差发电将难以为月夜探月活动尤其是月球基地提供充足的能源供应。With the advancement of science and technology, mankind is increasingly exploring outer space. At present, the energy supply in human lunar exploration projects mainly relies on solar cells and small-scale radioisotope thermoelectric power generation technology. Relying on solar cells or small-scale radioisotope thermoelectric power generation alone will not be able to provide sufficient energy supply for moonlight exploration activities, especially lunar bases.
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。Therefore, the existing technology needs to be improved and developed.
发明内容Summary of the invention
鉴于上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种利用月尘静电发电装置，旨在解决现有依靠太阳能电池和小型放射性同位素温差发电技术难以为探月活动提供充足的能源供应的问题。In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, which aims to solve the problem that the existing solar cell and small radioisotope thermoelectric power generation technology is difficult to provide sufficient energy supply for lunar exploration activities. .
本发明的技术方案如下：The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种利用月尘静电发电装置，其中，包括：An electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, which includes:
电容器(10)，以及Capacitor (10), and
月尘电荷收集器(20)，包括壳体(210)以及竖直设置在所述壳体内部用于壳体转动的重心变换机构；The moon dust charge collector (20) includes a housing (210) and a gravity center conversion mechanism vertically arranged inside the housing for rotation of the housing;
所述壳体(210)包括，第一壳体(211)、第二壳体(212)以及设置在第一壳体(211)与第二壳体(212)之间的绝缘部(213)；The housing (210) includes a first housing (211), a second housing (212), and an insulating part (213) provided between the first housing (211) and the second housing (212) ；
所述第一壳体(211)与所述第二壳体(212)的大小相等，均为半球面；The first housing (211) and the second housing (212) are equal in size, and both are hemispherical surfaces;
所述第一壳体(211)通过短路器(30)与所述电容器(10)的正极(110)连接或所述第二壳体(212)通过短路器(30)与所述电容器(10)的负极(120)连接；The first housing (211) is connected to the positive electrode (110) of the capacitor (10) through a short circuit (30) or the second housing (212) is connected to the capacitor (10) through a short circuit (30). )'S negative (120) connection;
当所述第一壳体(211)通过短路器(30)与所述电容器(10)的正极(110)连接时或所述第二壳(212)体通过短路器(30)与所述电容器(10)的负极(120)连接时，所述利用月尘静电发电装置储存电能。When the first housing (211) is connected to the positive electrode (110) of the capacitor (10) through a short circuit (30) or the second housing (212) body is connected to the capacitor through a short circuit (30) When the negative electrode (120) of (10) is connected, the moon dust electrostatic power generation device stores electric energy.
所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其中，所述重心变换机构包括：In the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, wherein the center of gravity conversion mechanism includes:
外管(221)，与所述外管(221)的一端套接的内管(222)以及设置在所述外管(221)套接一端上的重锤(223)；An outer tube (221), an inner tube (222) sleeved with one end of the outer tube (221), and a weight (223) set on the sleeve end of the outer tube (221);
所述外管(221)的另一端及所述内管(222)的另一端分别固定设置在所述壳体(210)上。The other end of the outer tube (221) and the other end of the inner tube (222) are respectively fixedly arranged on the casing (210).
所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其中，所述壳体(210)为中间由绝缘部(213)分离的两个半球形金属组合而成的球形空心壳体，两个半球形金属分别为第一壳体(211)和第二壳体(212)；绝缘部(213)由绝缘材料构成，用于使得第一壳体(211)和第二壳体(212)之间保持绝缘，并在壳体(210)的大圆上，壳体(210)的球心以及壳体(210)的重心为绝缘部(213)的圆心。According to the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, wherein the housing (210) is a spherical hollow housing composed of two hemispherical metals separated by an insulating part (213) in the middle, and the two hemispherical metals are respectively The first housing (211) and the second housing (212); the insulating portion (213) is composed of an insulating material for maintaining insulation between the first housing (211) and the second housing (212), and On the great circle of the housing (210), the spherical center of the housing (210) and the center of gravity of the housing (210) are the centers of the insulating portion (213).
所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其中，所述外管(221)的长度与所述内管(222)的长度相等，所述外管(221)的重量与所述内管(222)的重量相同，由热膨胀系数大于50×10 -6/℃的相同材料制作，表面做绝缘处理；外管(221)一端连接在第一壳体(211)大圆过球心的垂直线与第一壳体的交点上，并连接在第一壳体(211)内侧；内管(222)一端连接在第二壳体(212)大圆过球心的垂直线与第二壳体的交点上，并连接在第二壳体(212)内侧；外管(221)与内管(222)另一端呈直线套接，且外管与内管同轴，轴线穿过壳体(210)球心，且与绝缘部(213)所在大圆垂直； In the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, wherein the length of the outer tube (221) is equal to the length of the inner tube (222), and the weight of the outer tube (221) is equal to that of the inner tube (222). The weight is the same, made of the same material with a thermal expansion coefficient greater than 50×10 -6 /℃, and the surface is insulated; one end of the outer tube (221) is connected to the first shell (211) with the vertical line passing through the center of the sphere. At the intersection of the shell and connected to the inside of the first shell (211); one end of the inner tube (222) is connected to the intersection of the second shell (212) with the vertical line of the second shell (212) passing through the center of the sphere, and Connected to the inside of the second housing (212); the outer tube (221) and the other end of the inner tube (222) are linearly sleeved, and the outer tube and the inner tube are coaxial, and the axis passes through the spherical center of the shell (210), and It is perpendicular to the great circle where the insulating part (213) is located;
在月昼，重锤(223)移向第二壳体(212)一侧，使得月尘电荷收集器(20)重心偏向第二壳体(212)一侧，第一壳体(211)朝上，第二壳体(212)朝下；In the moon and day, the weight (223) moves to the side of the second housing (212), so that the center of gravity of the moon dust charge collector (20) is biased to the side of the second housing (212), and the first housing (211) faces Up, the second housing (212) faces down;
在月夜，重锤(223)移向第一壳体(211)一侧，使得月尘电荷收集器(20)重心偏向第一壳体(211)一侧，第一壳体(211)朝下，第二壳体(212)朝上；On a moonlit night, the weight (223) moves to the side of the first housing (211), so that the center of gravity of the moon dust charge collector (20) is shifted to the side of the first housing (211), and the first housing (211) faces downwards , The second housing (212) faces upwards;
月昼和月夜交替时间，重锤(223)穿过壳体(210)球心，使得壳体(210)翻转。At the alternate time of day and night, the weight (223) passes through the center of the shell (210), causing the shell (210) to flip.
所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其中，所述电容器(10)为圆柱形电容器；电 容器在壳体(210)两端各连接一个，通过两端绝缘件(501，502)与壳体连接，壳体(210)、两端的电容器、连接壳体(210)和两端的电容器的绝缘材料的组合体的重心在壳体(210)的球心上；绝缘件(501，502)由绝缘材料制作。According to the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, wherein the capacitor (10) is a cylindrical capacitor; the capacitor is connected to each end of the housing (210), and is connected to the housing through the two end insulating parts (501, 502) The center of gravity of the combination of the housing (210), the capacitors at both ends, the insulating material connecting the housing (210) and the capacitors at both ends is on the center of the sphere of the housing (210); the insulating parts (501, 502) are made of insulating materials Make.
所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其中，还包括用于支撑所述月尘电荷收集器的第一支架(401)、第二支架(402)，与所述绝缘部连接的绝缘件(501，502)；所述月尘电荷收集器通过所述绝缘件(501，502)分别与所述第一支架(401)以及第二支架(402)活动连接，使得重锤(223)穿过壳体(210)球心时，使月尘电荷收集器(20)和电容器(10)发生翻转。The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, which further comprises a first bracket (401) and a second bracket (402) for supporting the moon dust charge collector, and an insulating member (501) connected to the insulating part , 502); The moon dust charge collector is movably connected to the first bracket (401) and the second bracket (402) through the insulating members (501, 502), so that the weight (223) passes through the shell When the body (210) is at the center of the sphere, the moon dust charge collector (20) and the capacitor (10) are turned over.
所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其中，还包括设置在所述第一支架(401)以及所述第二支架(402)之间的灰尘电荷清洗装置(60)。The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust further includes a dust charge cleaning device (60) arranged between the first support (401) and the second support (402).
所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其中，所述灰尘电荷清洗装置(60)包括：清洗球面(621)设置在所述清洗球面上的金属毛刷(622)以及用于接地的接地导线(623)。According to the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, the dust charge cleaning device (60) includes: a metal brush (622) with a cleaning spherical surface (621) arranged on the cleaning spherical surface and a grounding wire ( 623).
所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其中，所述短路器(30)包括：本体(300)，以及According to the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, wherein the short circuiter (30) includes a body (300), and
设置在所述本体(300)一端用于与壳体接触的壳体触头(301)、与所述壳体触头一端固定连接的壳体触头栓(302)、与所述壳体触头栓连接的第一弹性件(303)；设置在所述本体(300)另一端的用于与电容器接触的电容触头(307)、与所述电容触头一端固定连接的电容触头栓(306)、与所述电容触头栓连接的第二弹性件(305)；以及A housing contact (301) arranged at one end of the body (300) for contact with the housing, a housing contact bolt (302) fixedly connected to one end of the housing contact, and contact with the housing A first elastic member (303) connected to the head bolt; a capacitor contact (307) arranged at the other end of the body (300) for contacting the capacitor, and a capacitor contact bolt fixedly connected to one end of the capacitor contact (306) A second elastic member (305) connected to the capacitor contact bolt; and
用于隔离所述第一弹性件(303)与所述第二弹性件(305)的隔离部(304)；An isolation portion (304) for isolating the first elastic member (303) and the second elastic member (305);
壳体触头(301)、壳体触头栓(302)、第一弹性件(303)、隔离部(304)、第二弹性件(305)、电容触头栓(306)、电容触头(307)由金属材料制作，彼此之间短路。Housing contact (301), housing contact pin (302), first elastic member (303), isolating portion (304), second elastic member (305), capacitor contact pin (306), capacitor contact (307) Made of metal materials and short-circuited each other.
所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其中，The described electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, wherein:
所述电容器(10)的正极电位Vp计算公式如下：The formula for calculating the positive electrode potential Vp of the capacitor (10) is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000001
其中，ρ ds为月昼月球表面正电荷密度；R为月尘电荷收集器(20)半径；ε d为月昼月尘介电常数；
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000001
Among them, ρ ds is the positive charge density on the surface of the moon and day; R is the radius of the moon dust charge collector (20); ε d is the dielectric constant of the moon and day dust;
所述电容器(10)的负极电位V n计算公式如下： The calculation formula for the negative electrode potential V n of the capacitor (10) is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000002
其中，ρ ns为月夜月球表面负电荷密度；R为月尘电荷收集器(20)半径；ε n为月夜月尘介电常数；
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000002
Among them, ρ ns is the density of negative charges on the surface of the moon on the moon night; R is the radius of the moon dust charge collector (20); ε n is the dielectric constant of the moon night and moon dust;
所述电容器(10)储存能量W计算公式如下：The calculation formula for the stored energy W of the capacitor (10) is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000003
其中，C1+C2为两边两个电容器(10)的电容值之和。
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000003
Among them, C1+C2 is the sum of the capacitance values of the two capacitors (10) on both sides.
有益效果：本发明提供的利用月尘静电发电装置，利用月球上月尘带电的特性以及月尘所带电荷的变化规律进行发电，所提供的发电装置具有结构简单，安装、维护方便，发电效率高，采用无源传感与无源控制模式，能够持续发电的特点。从而很好地解决了现有发电技术难以为探月活动提供充足的能源供应问题。Beneficial effects: The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust provided by the present invention utilizes the charging characteristics of the moon dust on the moon and the change law of the charge carried by the moon dust to generate electricity. The power generation device provided has simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, and power generation efficiency. High, it adopts passive sensing and passive control mode, which can continuously generate electricity. Thus, the existing power generation technology is difficult to provide sufficient energy supply for lunar exploration activities.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明利用月尘静电发电装置的较佳实施例的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of an electrostatic power generation device using moon dust according to the present invention.
图2为本发明图1所示利用月尘静电发电装置中重心变换结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the gravity center conversion structure of the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
图3为本发明图1所示利用月尘静电发电装置中短路器的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the short circuiter in the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
图4为本发明中灰尘电荷清洗装置结构示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust charge cleaning device in the present invention.
图5为本发明实施例1中月昼时，利用月尘静电发电装置的工作示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust during the day and the moon in the first embodiment of the present invention.
图6为本发明实施例2中月夜时，利用月尘静电发电装置的工作示意图。6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust at the moon night in the second embodiment of the present invention.
10:电容器；20：月尘电荷收集器；110：正极；120：负极；210：壳体；211：第一壳体；212：第二壳体；213：绝缘部；221：外管；222：内管；223：重锤；30：短路器；300：本体；301：壳体触头；302：壳体触头栓；303：第一弹性件；304：隔离部；305：第二弹性件；306：电容触头栓；307：电容触头；401：第一支架；402：第二支架；501(502)绝缘件；60：灰尘电荷清洗装置；621：清洗球面；622：金属毛刷；623：接地导线；10: capacitor; 20: moon dust charge collector; 110: positive electrode; 120: negative electrode; 210: shell; 211: first shell; 212: second shell; 213: insulating part; 221: outer tube; 222 : Inner tube; 223: heavy hammer; 30: short-circuit device; 300: body; 301: shell contact; 302: shell contact bolt; 303: first elastic member; 304: isolating part; 305: second elastic 306: Capacitor contact pin; 307: Capacitor contact; 401: First support; 402: Second support; 501 (502) insulation; 60: Dust charge cleaning device; 621: Cleaning spherical surface; 622: Metal wool Brush; 623: ground wire;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供一种利用月尘静电发电装置，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The present invention provides an electrostatic power generation device using moon dust. In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
请结合图1至图6所示，本发明提供的利用月尘静电发电装置包括：电容器10，以及月尘电荷收集器20，所述月尘电荷收集器20包括壳体210以及竖直设置在所述壳体210内部用于使壳体210发生转动的重心变换机构220(图中未标出)；所述壳体210包括，第一壳体211、第二壳体212以及设置在第一壳体211与第二壳体212之间的绝缘部213；其中，所述电容器10为超大容量电容。Please refer to Figures 1 to 6, the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust provided by the present invention includes a capacitor 10, and a moon dust charge collector 20. The moon dust charge collector 20 includes a housing 210 and is vertically arranged at The center of gravity conversion mechanism 220 (not shown in the figure) for rotating the housing 210 inside the housing 210; the housing 210 includes a first housing 211, a second housing 212, and a The insulating portion 213 between the housing 211 and the second housing 212; wherein the capacitor 10 is an ultra-large capacity capacitor.
所述第一壳体211通过短路器30与所述电容器10的正极110连接或所述第二壳体212通过短路器30与所述电容器10的负极120连接。将月尘中的正、负电荷收集到电容器中，当电容器中收集足够多的电荷后，电容器可以带负载供电，进而实现发电的目的。The first housing 211 is connected to the positive electrode 110 of the capacitor 10 through a short circuit 30 or the second housing 212 is connected to the negative electrode 120 of the capacitor 10 through a short circuit 30. The positive and negative charges in the moon dust are collected in the capacitor. When enough charges are collected in the capacitor, the capacitor can be powered with the load to achieve the purpose of generating electricity.
如图1所示，所述月尘电荷收集器20的主体为一个均匀的金属球面，所述金属球面的重心在球心处；所述金属球面的一半定义为正半球(对应于所述第一壳体211)，用于收集月尘中的正电荷；另一半为定义负半球(对应于所述第二壳体212)，用于收集月尘中的负电荷。在所述正半球与所述负半球之间还设置有用于防止正半球与所述负半球之间相互放电的绝缘部213，所述绝缘部213采用绝缘性能良好的绝缘材料制成，作为举例所述绝缘部材料可以是聚四氟乙烯。所述金属球面所用金属的种类包括但不限于，铂金，金，铜，铝等。As shown in Figure 1, the main body of the lunar dust charge collector 20 is a uniform metal sphere, the center of gravity of the metal sphere is at the center of the sphere; half of the metal sphere is defined as a positive hemisphere (corresponding to the first One shell 211) is used to collect the positive charges in the moon dust; the other half is defined as a negative hemisphere (corresponding to the second shell 212), which is used to collect the negative charges in the moon dust. An insulating part 213 for preventing mutual discharge between the positive hemisphere and the negative hemisphere is also provided between the positive hemisphere and the negative hemisphere, and the insulating part 213 is made of an insulating material with good insulating properties, as an example The insulating material may be polytetrafluoroethylene. The types of metals used in the metal spherical surface include, but are not limited to, platinum, gold, copper, aluminum and the like.
具体来说，在月球的受光面，主要受太阳辐射作用，月尘与光子作用发生光电效应向外发射带负电的光电子，月尘得到相应的正电荷，从而使月球表面上方形成一层电势为正的光电子鞘层；在月球的背光面，由于没有太阳辐射，月球受太阳风的等离子体流的作用，由于电子的热运动速度远远大于离子的热运动速度，电子更容易被月球表面的月尘吸收，从而使月表形成一层电势为负的等离子体鞘层。Specifically, on the light-receiving surface of the moon, it is mainly affected by solar radiation. The photoelectric effect of moondust interacts with photons to emit negatively charged photoelectrons. The moondust gets the corresponding positive charge, so that a layer of electric potential is formed above the surface of the moon. Positive photoelectron sheath; on the back surface of the moon, since there is no solar radiation, the moon is affected by the plasma flow of the solar wind. Since the thermal motion speed of electrons is much greater than that of ions, electrons are more likely to be absorbed by the moon on the surface of the moon. The dust is absorbed, so that a plasma sheath with a negative potential is formed on the moon surface.
本发明通过将月尘中所带的静电荷进行收集，并将所收集到的电荷存储到电容器中用于发电。很好地解决了现有发电技术难以为探月活动提供充足的能源供应问题。The invention collects the static charge carried in the moon dust and stores the collected charge in a capacitor for power generation. It solves the problem that the existing power generation technology is difficult to provide sufficient energy supply for lunar exploration activities.
在一种优选的实施方式中，如图2所示，所述重心变换机构220包括：外管221，与所述外管221的一端套接的内管222以及设置在所述外管套接一端上的重锤223；所述外管221的另一端及所述内管222的另一端分别固定设置在所述壳体210上。In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the center of gravity conversion mechanism 220 includes: an outer tube 221, an inner tube 222 sleeved with one end of the outer tube 221, and a sleeve sleeve provided on the outer tube A weight 223 on one end; the other end of the outer tube 221 and the other end of the inner tube 222 are respectively fixed on the housing 210.
具体来说，所述重心变换机构220包括两根金属管(内管222、外管221)及重锤223，所述两根金属管通过套接的方式连接在一起，所述重锤223固定在所述外管221套接一端上，所述外管221可以沿所述内管222的外侧壁上下移动。所述重心变换机构经过所述金属球面的球心并竖直设置在所述金属球的中部。所述外管的另外一端(非套接端)以及所述内管的另一端(非套接端)可以通过诸如焊接的方式焊接在金属球面的内部。所述内管以及外管的长度是相等的，所述内管与所述外管的重量是相同的，目的是保持整体的重心还位于球心处，当设置重锤后，考虑到重锤的重量，整体的重心由球心偏向重心一侧。Specifically, the center of gravity conversion mechanism 220 includes two metal tubes (inner tube 222, outer tube 221) and a weight 223, the two metal tubes are connected together by a sleeve connection, and the weight 223 is fixed. On one end of the outer tube 221 sleeved, the outer tube 221 can move up and down along the outer side wall of the inner tube 222. The gravity center conversion mechanism passes through the center of the metal sphere and is vertically arranged in the middle of the metal ball. The other end (non-sleeve end) of the outer tube and the other end (non-sleeve end) of the inner tube can be welded to the inside of the metal sphere by means such as welding. The lengths of the inner tube and the outer tube are equal, and the weights of the inner tube and the outer tube are the same. The purpose is to keep the overall center of gravity at the center of the sphere. When the weight is set, the weight is considered The overall center of gravity shifts from the center of the ball to the side of the center of gravity.
进一步，所述内管222、外管221所用的材料是强度高、热膨胀系数大于50×10 -6/℃的材料制作、作为举例其可以是胶木材料。所述重锤所用材料为密度较高的金属，比如铅。 Further, the materials used for the inner tube 222 and the outer tube 221 are made of materials with high strength and a thermal expansion coefficient greater than 50×10 -6 /° C. For example, they may be bakelite materials. The material used for the heavy hammer is a metal with a higher density, such as lead.
所述重心变换机构工作过程为，在月昼，随着环境温度的升高，所述重锤223移向所述第二壳体212一侧，使得所述第一壳体211朝上，所述第二壳体212朝下；在月夜，所述重锤223移向所述第一壳体211一侧，使得所述第一壳体211朝下，所述第二壳体212朝上；月昼和月夜交替时间，所述重锤223穿过所述壳体210球心，使得所述壳体210翻转。The working process of the center-of-gravity conversion mechanism is that during the day and the month, as the ambient temperature rises, the weight 223 moves to the side of the second housing 212 so that the first housing 211 faces upward, so The second housing 212 faces downward; on a moonlit night, the weight 223 moves to the side of the first housing 211, so that the first housing 211 faces downwards and the second housing 212 faces upwards; At the alternate time of the moon and the night, the weight 223 passes through the center of the shell 210, causing the shell 210 to turn over.
在一种优选的实施方式中，如图5所示，所述利用月尘静电发电装置还包括，用于支撑所述月尘电荷收集器20的第一支架401、第二支架402，与所述绝缘部213连接的绝缘件501(502)；所述月尘电荷收集器20通过所述绝缘件501(502)分别与所述第一支架401以及第二支架402活动连接。所述第一支架401与所述第二支架402设置在月壤支撑支架上。其中，所述绝缘件可以是绝缘杆绝缘柱等，即所述绝缘件的形状在此不做限定。第一支架401、第二支架402由绝缘材料制作，作为举例其可以是陶瓷材料。In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust further includes a first bracket 401, a second bracket 402 for supporting the moon dust charge collector 20, and The insulating member 501 (502) connected to the insulating portion 213; the moon dust charge collector 20 is movably connected to the first bracket 401 and the second bracket 402 through the insulating member 501 (502). The first bracket 401 and the second bracket 402 are arranged on the lunar support bracket. Wherein, the insulating member may be an insulating rod, an insulating column, etc., that is, the shape of the insulating member is not limited herein. The first bracket 401 and the second bracket 402 are made of insulating materials, which may be ceramic materials as an example.
具体来说，所述月尘电荷收集器的绝缘部与电容器之间通过所述绝缘件固定连接在一起，所述第一支撑架401以及第二支撑架402将月尘电荷收集器以及超级电容器10支撑起来。所述超级电容器10为圆柱形，其轴心在所述绝缘件(如绝缘杆)上。所述月尘电荷收集器以及电容器可以围绕绝缘件做旋转运动。所述支架401(402)上设置有短路器30，所述短路器30用于与所述超级电容器10的正极或负极相连接。所述短路器的高度位于所述绝缘部的上方，即只有月尘电荷收集器的上半部分(绝缘部上方部分)才能通过所述短路器与所述电容器上的正极(负极连接)。Specifically, the insulating part of the moon dust charge collector and the capacitor are fixedly connected together by the insulating member. The first support frame 401 and the second support frame 402 connect the moon dust charge collector and the super capacitor together. 10 support it up. The super capacitor 10 is cylindrical, and its axis is on the insulating member (such as an insulating rod). The moon dust charge collector and the capacitor can rotate around the insulating member. The bracket 401 (402) is provided with a short circuit 30, and the short circuit 30 is used to connect with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the super capacitor 10. The height of the short circuiter is located above the insulating part, that is, only the upper half of the moon dust charge collector (the upper part of the insulating part) can pass through the short circuiter to the positive electrode (negative electrode connection) of the capacitor.
当短路器30与电容器10的正极相连接时，所述电容器10的正极电位Vp计算公式如下：When the short circuit 30 is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitor 10, the positive electrode potential Vp of the capacitor 10 is calculated as follows:
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000004
其中，ρ ds为月昼月球表面正电荷密度；R为月尘电荷收集器20半径；ε d为月昼月尘介电常数；
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000004
Among them, ρ ds is the surface positive charge density of the moon and day; R is the radius of the moon dust charge collector 20; ε d is the dielectric constant of the moon and day moon dust;
当短路器30与电容器10的负极相连接时，负极电位V n计算公式如下： When the short circuit 30 is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor 10, the negative electrode potential V n is calculated as follows:
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000005
其中，ρ ns为月夜月球表面负电荷密度；R为月尘电荷收集器(20)半径；ε n为月夜月尘介电常数；
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000005
Among them, ρ ns is the density of negative charges on the surface of the moon on the moon night; R is the radius of the moon dust charge collector (20); ε n is the dielectric constant of the moon night and moon dust;
所述电容器10储存能量W计算公式如下：The formula for calculating the stored energy W of the capacitor 10 is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000006
其中，C1+C2为两边两个电容器(10)的电容值之和。
Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-000006
Among them, C1+C2 is the sum of the capacitance values of the two capacitors (10) on both sides.
在一些实施方式中，如图3所示，所述短路器30包括本体300，所述本体300为一长条状，设置在所述本体300一端用于与壳体接触的壳体触头301、与所述壳体触头一端固定连接的壳体触头栓302、与所述壳体触头栓连接的第一弹性件303；设置在所述本体300另一端的用于与电容器接触的电容触头307、与所述电容触头一端固定连接的电容触头栓306、与所述电容触头栓连接的第二弹性件305；以及用于隔离所述第一弹性件303与所述第二弹性件305的隔离部304。其中，所述壳体触头301以及所述电容触头307可伸缩在所述本体300内。所述壳体触头301、壳体触头栓302、第一弹性件303、隔离部304；第二弹性件305；电容触头栓306以及电容触头307由金属材料制作，彼此之间短路。所述第一弹性件303以及所述第二弹性件305可以是金属弹簧。In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the short circuiter 30 includes a body 300, the body 300 is a long strip, and a shell contact 301 is provided at one end of the body 300 for contact with the shell. , A shell contact pin 302 fixedly connected to one end of the shell contact, a first elastic member 303 connected to the shell contact pin; a device provided at the other end of the body 300 for contacting a capacitor A capacitor contact 307, a capacitor contact pin 306 fixedly connected to one end of the capacitor contact, a second elastic member 305 connected to the capacitor contact pin; and used to isolate the first elastic member 303 from the The isolation portion 304 of the second elastic member 305. Wherein, the housing contact 301 and the capacitor contact 307 can be retractable in the body 300. The housing contact 301, the housing contact pin 302, the first elastic member 303, and the isolation portion 304; the second elastic member 305; the capacitor contact pin 306 and the capacitor contact 307 are made of metal materials and short-circuited to each other . The first elastic member 303 and the second elastic member 305 may be metal springs.
在一种优选的实施方式中，如图4-6所示，所述利用月尘静电发电装置还包括，设置在所述第一支架401以及所述第二支架402之间的灰尘电荷清洗装置60。所述灰尘电荷清洗装置60用于将附着在金属球面上的月尘清理掉。In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figs. 4-6, the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust further includes a dust charge cleaning device arranged between the first support 401 and the second support 402 60. The dust charge cleaning device 60 is used to clean off the moon dust attached to the metal spherical surface.
具体地，所述灰尘电荷清洗装置60外观为一个立方体形状，其长度和宽度略大于外壳210半径的两倍其高度略大于外壳210的半径；在朝向外壳210的一面，是个半径与外壳210半径相同的清洗球面621，向内凹；清洗球面621上设置有金属毛刷622；金属毛刷622与金属球面短路，并有接地导线623将金属球面短路连接到月球地表深处。Specifically, the dust charge cleaning device 60 has an appearance of a cubic shape, its length and width are slightly larger than twice the radius of the housing 210, and its height is slightly larger than the radius of the housing 210; on the side facing the housing 210, it has a radius and a radius of the housing 210. The same cleaning spherical surface 621 is concave inward; the cleaning spherical surface 621 is provided with a metal brush 622; the metal brush 622 is short-circuited with the metal spherical surface, and a ground wire 623 short-circuits the metal spherical surface to the deep surface of the moon.
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明所提供的利用月尘静电发电装置做进一步的解释。The following is a further explanation of the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust provided by the present invention through specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
如图5所示，其为月昼时，发电设备的工作示意图。月昼时，第一壳体211，即正半球朝上，此时电容器10的正极110朝上，正半球通过短路器30与超级电容 器正极110连接。第二壳体212负半球在灰尘电荷清洗装置60中。正半球上的月尘中的正电荷通过短路器导入到电容器正极。当负半球由上翻转到下时，灰尘电荷清洗装置扫除负半球表面的灰尘，清除负半球上的负电荷。As shown in Figure 5, it is a schematic diagram of the operation of the power generation equipment during the moon and the day. In the moon and day, the first housing 211, that is, the positive hemisphere is facing upwards, and the positive electrode 110 of the capacitor 10 is facing upwards, and the positive hemisphere is connected to the positive electrode 110 of the supercapacitor through the short circuit 30. The negative hemisphere of the second housing 212 is in the dust charge cleaning device 60. The positive charge in the moondust on the positive hemisphere is introduced to the positive electrode of the capacitor through the short circuit. When the negative hemisphere is turned from top to bottom, the dust charge cleaning device sweeps away the dust on the surface of the negative hemisphere and removes the negative charges on the negative hemisphere.
实施例2Example 2
如图6所示，其为月夜时，发电装置的工作示意图。月夜时，第二壳体212负半球朝上，此时电容器10的负极120朝上，负半球通过短路器30与超级电容器10负极连接。正半球在灰尘电荷清洗装置60中。负半球上的月尘中的负电荷通过短路器导入到电容器负极。当正半球由上反转到下时，灰尘电荷清洗装置扫除正半球表面的灰尘，清除正半球上的正电荷。As shown in Figure 6, it is a schematic diagram of the operation of the power generation device at moonlight night. At moonlight night, the negative hemisphere of the second housing 212 faces upwards, at this time the negative electrode 120 of the capacitor 10 faces upward, and the negative hemisphere is connected to the negative electrode of the supercapacitor 10 through the short circuit 30. The positive hemisphere is in the dust charge cleaning device 60. The negative charge in the moon dust on the negative hemisphere is introduced to the negative electrode of the capacitor through the short circuit. When the positive hemisphere is reversed from top to bottom, the dust charge cleaning device sweeps away the dust on the surface of the positive hemisphere and removes the positive charge on the positive hemisphere.
本发明的电能储存在电容器中，当电容器通过开关与直流负载连接时，可以对直流负载供电。当电容器通过开关、逆变器与交流负载连接时，可以对交流负载供电。The electric energy of the present invention is stored in a capacitor, and when the capacitor is connected to a DC load through a switch, it can supply power to the DC load. When the capacitor is connected to the AC load through a switch or inverter, it can supply power to the AC load.
综上所述，本发明提供的利用月尘静电发电装置，通过月尘电荷收集器与电容器进行配合，月昼时，将月尘中的正电荷导入到电容器的正极中，当月夜时，利用重力变换机构使月尘电荷收集器以及电容器发生转动，将月尘中的负电荷导入到电容器的负极中。在月昼、月夜转变过程中，利用灰尘电荷清洗装置将月尘电荷收集器位于其中的部分进行清理，上述过程循环交替。由于本发明所提供的利用月尘静电发电装置，利用了月球上月尘带电的特性以及月尘所带电荷的变化规律进行发电，所提供的发电装置具有结构简单，安装、维护方便，发电效率高，能够持续发电的特点。本发明所提供的利用月尘静电发电装置，很好地解决了现有发电技术难以为探月活动提供充足的能源供应问题。In summary, the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust provided by the present invention cooperates with the capacitor through the moon dust charge collector. During the day of the moon, the positive charge in the moon dust is introduced into the positive electrode of the capacitor. The gravity conversion mechanism rotates the moon dust charge collector and the capacitor, and guides the negative charge in the moon dust to the negative electrode of the capacitor. During the transition from day to night and moon night, the dust charge cleaning device is used to clean the part in which the moon dust charge collector is located, and the above processes alternate in cycles. Since the electrostatic power generation device using moon dust provided by the present invention utilizes the charging characteristics of the moon dust on the moon and the change law of the charge carried by the moon dust to generate electricity, the provided power generation device has simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, and power generation efficiency High, capable of continuous power generation. The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust provided by the present invention solves the problem that the existing power generation technology is difficult to provide sufficient energy supply for lunar exploration activities.
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. For those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements or changes can be made based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种利用月尘静电发电装置，其特征在于，包括：An electrostatic power generation device using moon dust, characterized in that it comprises:
    电容器(10)，以及Capacitor (10), and
    月尘电荷收集器(20)，包括壳体(210)以及竖直设置在所述壳体内部用于壳体转动的重心变换机构；The moon dust charge collector (20) includes a housing (210) and a gravity center conversion mechanism vertically arranged inside the housing for rotation of the housing;
    所述壳体(210)包括，第一壳体(211)、第二壳体(212)以及设置在第一壳体(211)与第二壳体(212)之间的绝缘部(213)；The housing (210) includes a first housing (211), a second housing (212), and an insulating part (213) provided between the first housing (211) and the second housing (212) ；
    所述第一壳体(211)与所述第二壳体(212)的大小相等，均为半球面；The first housing (211) and the second housing (212) are equal in size, and both are hemispherical surfaces;
    所述第一壳体(211)通过短路器(30)与所述电容器(10)的正极(110)连接或所述第二壳体(212)通过短路器(30)与所述电容器(10)的负极(120)连接；The first housing (211) is connected to the positive electrode (110) of the capacitor (10) through a short circuit (30) or the second housing (212) is connected to the capacitor (10) through a short circuit (30). )'S negative (120) connection;
    当所述第一壳体(211)通过短路器(30)与所述电容器(10)的正极(110)连接时或所述第二壳(212)体通过短路器(30)与所述电容器(10)的负极(120)连接时，所述利用月尘静电发电装置储存电能。When the first housing (211) is connected to the positive electrode (110) of the capacitor (10) through a short circuit (30) or the second housing (212) body is connected to the capacitor through a short circuit (30) When the negative electrode (120) of (10) is connected, the moon dust electrostatic power generation device stores electric energy.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其特征在于，所述重心变换机构包括：The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust according to claim 1, wherein the center of gravity conversion mechanism comprises:
    外管(221)，与所述外管(221)的一端套接的内管(222)以及设置在所述外管(221)套接一端上的重锤(223)；An outer tube (221), an inner tube (222) sleeved with one end of the outer tube (221), and a weight (223) set on the sleeve end of the outer tube (221);
    所述外管(221)的另一端及所述内管(222)的另一端分别固定设置在所述壳体(210)上。The other end of the outer tube (221) and the other end of the inner tube (222) are respectively fixedly arranged on the casing (210).
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其特征在于，所述壳体(210)为中间由绝缘部(213)分离的两个半球形金属组合而成的球形空心壳体，两个半球形金属分别为第一壳体(211)和第二壳体(212)；绝缘部(213)由绝缘材料构成，用于使得第一壳体(211)和第二壳体(212)之间保持绝缘，并在壳体(210)的大圆上，壳体(210)的球心以及壳体(210)的重心为绝缘部(213)的圆心。The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust according to claim 2, characterized in that the shell (210) is a spherical hollow shell composed of two hemispherical metals separated by an insulating part (213) in the middle. The two hemispherical metals are respectively the first shell (211) and the second shell (212); the insulating part (213) is made of insulating material for making the first shell (211) and the second shell (212) Insulation is maintained between them, and on the great circle of the housing (210), the center of the sphere of the housing (210) and the center of gravity of the housing (210) are the centers of the insulating portion (213).
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其特征在于，所述外管(221)的长度与所述内管(222)的长度相等，所述外管(221)的重量与所述内管(222)的重量相同，由热膨胀系数大于50×10 -6/℃的相同材料制作，表面做绝缘处理；外管(221)一端连接在第一壳体(211)大圆过球心的垂直线与第一壳体的交点上， 并连接在第一壳体(211)内侧；内管(222)一端连接在第二壳体(212)大圆过球心的垂直线与第二壳体的交点上，并连接在第二壳体(212)内侧；外管(221)与内管(222)另一端呈直线套接，且外管与内管同轴，轴线穿过壳体(210)球心，且与绝缘部(213)所在大圆垂直； The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust according to claim 2, wherein the length of the outer tube (221) is equal to the length of the inner tube (222), and the weight of the outer tube (221) is equal to that of the The inner tube (222) has the same weight and is made of the same material with a thermal expansion coefficient greater than 50×10 -6 /℃, and the surface is insulated; one end of the outer tube (221) is connected to the large circle of the first shell (211) through the center of the sphere At the intersection of the vertical line and the first shell, and is connected to the inside of the first shell (211); one end of the inner tube (222) is connected to the second shell (212) with the vertical line passing the center of the sphere and the second shell The outer tube (221) and the other end of the inner tube (222) are sleeved in a straight line, and the outer tube is coaxial with the inner tube, and the axis passes through the shell ( 210) The center of the sphere, which is perpendicular to the great circle where the insulating part (213) is located;
    在月昼，重锤(223)移向第二壳体(212)一侧，使得月尘电荷收集器(20)重心偏向第二壳体(212)一侧，第一壳体(211)朝上，第二壳体(212)朝下；In the moon and day, the weight (223) moves to the side of the second housing (212), so that the center of gravity of the moon dust charge collector (20) is biased to the side of the second housing (212), and the first housing (211) faces Up, the second housing (212) faces down;
    在月夜，重锤(223)移向第一壳体(211)一侧，使得月尘电荷收集器(20)重心偏向第一壳体(211)一侧，第一壳体(211)朝下，第二壳体(212)朝上；On a moonlit night, the weight (223) moves to the side of the first housing (211), so that the center of gravity of the moon dust charge collector (20) is shifted to the side of the first housing (211), and the first housing (211) faces downwards , The second housing (212) faces upwards;
    月昼和月夜交替时间，重锤(223)穿过壳体(210)球心，使得壳体(210)翻转。At the alternate time of day and night, the weight (223) passes through the center of the shell (210), causing the shell (210) to flip.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其特征在于，所述电容器(10)为圆柱形电容器；电容器在壳体(210)两端各连接一个，通过两端绝缘件(501，502)与壳体连接，壳体(210)、两端的电容器、连接壳体(210)和两端的电容器的绝缘材料的组合体的重心在壳体(210)的球心上；绝缘件(501，502)由绝缘材料制作。The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust according to claim 1, characterized in that the capacitor (10) is a cylindrical capacitor; the capacitor is connected to each end of the housing (210), and the two ends of the capacitor are insulators (501, 502) is connected to the housing, the center of gravity of the combination of the housing (210), the capacitors at both ends, the insulating material connecting the housing (210) and the capacitors at both ends is on the sphere center of the housing (210); the insulating member (501) , 502) is made of insulating materials.
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其特征在于，还包括用于支撑所述月尘电荷收集器的第一支架(401)、第二支架(402)，与所述绝缘部连接的绝缘件(501，502)；所述月尘电荷收集器通过所述绝缘件(501，502)分别与所述第一支架(401)以及第二支架(402)活动连接，使得重锤(223)穿过壳体(210)球心时，使月尘电荷收集器(20)和电容器(10)发生翻转。The device for electrostatic power generation using moon dust according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a first bracket (401) and a second bracket (402) for supporting the moon dust charge collector, and The insulating member (501, 502) connected to the insulating part; the moon dust charge collector is movably connected to the first bracket (401) and the second bracket (402) through the insulating member (501, 502) , When the heavy hammer (223) passes through the center of the shell (210), the moon dust charge collector (20) and the capacitor (10) are turned over.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其特征在于，还包括设置在所述第一支架(401)以及所述第二支架(402)之间的灰尘电荷清洗装置(60)。The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises a dust charge cleaning device (60) arranged between the first bracket (401) and the second bracket (402).
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其特征在于，所述灰尘电荷清洗装置(60)包括：清洗球面(621)设置在所述清洗球面上的金属毛刷(622)以及用于接地的接地导线(623)。The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust according to claim 7, characterized in that the dust charge cleaning device (60) comprises: a metal brush (622) with a cleaning spherical surface (621) arranged on the cleaning spherical surface and a Ground wire (623) for grounding.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其特征在于，所述短路器(30)包括：本体(300)，以及The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust according to claim 1, wherein the short circuiter (30) comprises: a body (300), and
    设置在所述本体(300)一端用于与壳体接触的壳体触头(301)、与所述壳体触 头一端固定连接的壳体触头栓(302)、与所述壳体触头栓连接的第一弹性件(303)；设置在所述本体(300)另一端的用于与电容器接触的电容触头(307)、与所述电容触头一端固定连接的电容触头栓(306)、与所述电容触头栓连接的第二弹性件(305)；以及A housing contact (301) arranged at one end of the body (300) for contact with the housing, a housing contact bolt (302) fixedly connected to one end of the housing contact, and contact with the housing A first elastic member (303) connected to the head bolt; a capacitor contact (307) arranged at the other end of the body (300) for contacting the capacitor, and a capacitor contact bolt fixedly connected to one end of the capacitor contact (306) A second elastic member (305) connected to the capacitor contact bolt; and
    用于隔离所述第一弹性件(303)与所述第二弹性件(305)的隔离部(304)；An isolation portion (304) for isolating the first elastic element (303) and the second elastic element (305);
    壳体触头(301)、壳体触头栓(302)、第一弹性件(303)、隔离部(304)、第二弹性件(305)、电容触头栓(306)、电容触头(307)由金属材料制作，彼此之间短路。Housing contact (301), housing contact pin (302), first elastic member (303), isolating portion (304), second elastic member (305), capacitor contact pin (306), capacitor contact (307) Made of metal materials and short-circuited each other.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的利用月尘静电发电装置，其特征在于，The electrostatic power generation device using moon dust according to claim 1, wherein:
    所述电容器(10)的正极电位Vp计算公式如下：The formula for calculating the positive electrode potential Vp of the capacitor (10) is as follows:
    Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-100001
    其中，ρ ds为月昼月球表面正电荷密度；R为月尘电荷收集器(20)半径；ε d为月昼月尘介电常数； Among them, ρ ds is the positive charge density on the surface of the moon and day; R is the radius of the moon dust charge collector (20); ε d is the dielectric constant of the moon and day dust;
    所述电容器(10)的负极电位V n计算公式如下： The calculation formula for the negative electrode potential V n of the capacitor (10) is as follows:
    Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-100002
    其中，ρ ns为月夜月球表面负电荷密度；R为月尘电荷收集器(20)半径；ε n为月夜月尘介电常数； Among them, ρ ns is the density of negative charges on the surface of the moon on the moon night; R is the radius of the moon dust charge collector (20); ε n is the dielectric constant of the moon night and moon dust;
    所述电容器(10)储存能量W计算公式如下：The calculation formula for the stored energy W of the capacitor (10) is as follows:
    Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-100003
    其中，C1+C2为两边两个电容器(10)的电容值之和。
    Figure PCTCN2019126794-appb-100003
    Among them, C1+C2 is the sum of the capacitance values of the two capacitors (10) on both sides.
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