WO2020253417A1 - 一种基于LoRaWAN的输电线路监测装置及系统 - Google Patents

一种基于LoRaWAN的输电线路监测装置及系统 Download PDF

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WO2020253417A1
WO2020253417A1 PCT/CN2020/089460 CN2020089460W WO2020253417A1 WO 2020253417 A1 WO2020253417 A1 WO 2020253417A1 CN 2020089460 W CN2020089460 W CN 2020089460W WO 2020253417 A1 WO2020253417 A1 WO 2020253417A1
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module
monitoring device
transmission line
power
power transmission
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PCT/CN2020/089460
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邵显清
江栋
冯万兴
周盛
姚翔宇
姚俊
董勤
喻明江
徐浩
尹齐心
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国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2020253417A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020253417A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00

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  • This application relates to the field of power transmission line monitoring, and in particular to a power transmission line monitoring device and system based on low-power long-distance communication network technology (LoRaWAN).
  • LoRaWAN low-power long-distance communication network technology
  • the Internet of Things technology can improve the perception of power transmission lines. Through large-scale sensor coordination, combined with information and communication networks, it can realize joint processing, data transmission, comprehensive judgment and other functions, so as to understand the working status of equipment in real time, and obtain various technical indicators and parameters. , Improve the level of condition monitoring.
  • the integration of traditional online monitoring devices and primary equipment is not high, and they are generally installed and maintained independently.
  • Some devices have single functions, complex structures, bulky, and huge power consumption, which are greatly affected by the electromagnetic environment of transmission lines.
  • the networking mode is not flexible, the maintenance workload is large, and the equipment is intelligent, miniaturized, and low in integration.
  • the embodiment of the application provides a LoRaWAN-based power transmission line monitoring device and system. Through the access of multiple monitoring units, comprehensive perception and comprehensive judgment of the line status are realized; LoRaWAN communication technology is adopted to realize a flexible self-organizing network of equipment ; The device has high integration, small size, low cost, and at the same time solves the problem of installation and maintenance.
  • a LoRaWAN-based power transmission line monitoring device comprising: a state collection unit, a control unit, and a communication unit; wherein,
  • the state collection unit is configured to collect line environment data and transmit the line environment data to the control unit;
  • the control unit is configured to obtain a control instruction according to the line environment data, and send the control instruction to the communication unit;
  • the communication unit is configured to receive control instructions, and communicate and transmit line environmental data to the server based on the LoRaWAN protocol.
  • the device further includes a power supply unit; the power supply unit is configured to supply power to the power transmission line monitoring device.
  • the state collection unit includes an environment collection module, a wire temperature measurement module, a lightning electric field sensing module, and a tilt sensing module; wherein the environment collection module is configured to collect the light intensity of the power transmission line , At least one of temperature, humidity and air pressure data; the wire temperature measurement module is configured to measure the temperature of the transmission wire; the lightning electric field sensing module is configured to detect the lightning electric field of the transmission line; the tilt sensing module is used for Sense the inclination angle of the transmission line.
  • the communication unit includes a low-power local area network wireless standard (LoRa) radio frequency module, an ARM sub-controller and a radio frequency antenna, and the communication unit is connected to the control unit based on asynchronous transceiver transmission (UART) mode .
  • LoRa local area network wireless standard
  • UART asynchronous transceiver transmission
  • the wire temperature measurement module includes a plurality of wire temperature sensors and a plurality of filter circuits, and the wire temperature sensors are arranged at a plurality of positions.
  • the power supply unit includes a photovoltaic power supply module, a backup battery, a power switch module, and a low power consumption voltage stabilizing module.
  • control unit is connected to the status acquisition unit through a universal serial bus (I2C)/serial peripheral interface (SPI)/analog-to-digital converter (ADC) interface.
  • I2C universal serial bus
  • SPI serial peripheral interface
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • control unit is connected to the communication unit through a UART interface.
  • the monitoring system includes the aforementioned power transmission line monitoring device and a server; the power transmission line monitoring device is configured to monitor line status information, and send the line status information to the server, and accept The server's return information; wherein, the server is configured to receive line status information and send return information obtained for the line status information.
  • a power transmission line monitoring system includes the above-mentioned power transmission line monitoring device and a server; wherein,
  • the power transmission line monitoring device is configured to monitor line status information, send the line status information to the server, and receive information returned by the server;
  • the server is configured to receive line status information and send return information obtained for the line status information.
  • the beneficial effect of the embodiments of the present application is that the LoRaWAN-based multi-parameter low-power monitoring device and system for power transmission lines provided by the embodiments of the present application realize data access to multiple sensors and realize comprehensive perception of line status And comprehensive judgment.
  • the use of LoRaWAN communication technology for sensor data transmission realizes a flexible self-organizing network of equipment; the device has high integration, small size, and low cost, and at the same time solves the problem of installation and maintenance.
  • Figure 1 is a system schematic diagram of a power transmission line monitoring device in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the state collection unit in the device in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the LoRaWAN communication network connection of the device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the power supply unit in the device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a power transmission line monitoring device, specifically a power transmission line monitoring device applying the LoRaWAN protocol.
  • a LoRaWAN protocol stack unit is provided in the device; the LoRaWAN protocol stack unit can be used to transmit the data expected to be transmitted using the LoRaWAN protocol.
  • the monitoring device includes: a status collection unit, a control unit, a communication unit, and a power supply unit; wherein the status collection unit is configured to collect line environment data and transmit the line environment data to the control unit;
  • the control unit is configured to obtain a control instruction according to the line environment data, and send the control instruction to the communication unit;
  • the communication unit is configured to receive control instructions, and communicate and transmit line environmental data to the server based on the LoRaWAN protocol;
  • the power supply unit is configured to supply power to the power transmission line monitoring device.
  • the aforementioned control unit may specifically be the main control unit in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the state acquisition unit is the multi-parameter monitoring unit in Figure 1.
  • the server may specifically be the remote server in FIG. 1, the background server or the monitoring center server in FIG. 3.
  • the control instruction may be a data upload instruction to upload the line environment data to the server side.
  • the state collection unit includes an environment collection module, a wire temperature measurement module, a lightning electric field sensing module, and a tilt sensing module; wherein the environment collection module is configured to collect at least one of light intensity, temperature, humidity, and air pressure data
  • the wire temperature measurement module is configured to measure the temperature of the power transmission wire
  • the lightning electric field sensing module is configured to detect the lightning electric field of the power transmission line
  • the tilt sensing module is used to sense the inclination angle of the power transmission line.
  • the power supply unit is composed of a micro photovoltaic and a backup power supply, and provides power for all other units.
  • the state collection unit is configured to collect at least one of environmental micro-climate, tilt angle, wire temperature, lightning electric field and other sensor data of the line, and is connected to the main control unit based on I2C/SPI/ADC and other methods.
  • the communication unit mainly includes an ARM sub-processor and a LoRa radio frequency module.
  • the ARM sub-processor and the LoRa radio frequency module are connected by an SPI bus, which can realize LoRaWAN protocol communication with the gateway and the remote monitoring center server.
  • the state collection unit may be various types of sensors, such as sensors that collect data such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure, and sensors that collect tilt angles.
  • the control unit obtains the real-time data of the sensor, connects with the ARM sub-controller of the communication unit based on the UART, and sends communication and control instructions, collects the remaining power information of the power supply unit in real time, and controls the workflow of the entire system if the remaining power is insufficient In the event of a reminder.
  • the state acquisition unit includes an environment acquisition module, a wire temperature measurement module, a lightning electric field sensing module, and a tilt sensing module.
  • the environment acquisition module is based on the design of miniature low-power high-integration (MEMS) chip, which can realize comprehensive monitoring of data such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, and air pressure.
  • MEMS miniature low-power high-integration
  • the power consumption reaches the microwatt level, and the I2C communication method is adopted.
  • the main control unit implements periodic reporting based on clock wakeup. When the set clock cycle arrives, the main control unit reads the data monitored or collected by the environment collection module and uploads it to the communication unit, such as the ARM sub-controller.
  • the wire temperature measurement module includes temperature probes set in multiple different positions to avoid measurement errors caused by a single temperature probe due to its own failure or poor contact, and to ensure high reliability of wire temperature measurement.
  • the power consumption reaches microwatts and uses analog signals. /I2C/Single bus and other forms of output.
  • the main control unit queries the real-time data detected by the temperature probe based on the ultra-low power consumption (ULP) coprocessor polling mode. If the temperature exceeds the set threshold, the main control unit determines that the temperature probe detects that the temperature is higher than the set reasonable.
  • the main control unit can automatically wake up and complete data reporting during the temperature threshold interval.
  • the wire temperature measurement module includes a plurality of wire temperature sensors for measuring the temperature of the transmission wire, such as the aforementioned temperature probe, and may also include a plurality of filter circuits for filtering out the measured temperature that exceeds a reasonable temperature threshold.
  • the tilt sensor module is based on the axis acceleration sensor MEMS chip design, adopts I2C/SPI communication mode, and can design the trigger threshold. If the tilt angle exceeds a reasonable angle, it actively sends an interrupt signal to the main control unit to notify the main control unit The unit tilt angle is unreasonable. It works in low-power monitoring mode by default.
  • the lightning electric field sensing module is based on an integrated lightning sensing MEMS chip design, adopts I2C/SPI communication mode, and can design a trigger threshold such as a lightning warning to actively send an interrupt signal to the main control unit to notify the main control unit of the lightning condition. It works in low-power monitoring mode by default.
  • the environment collection module, the wire temperature measurement module, the lightning electric field sensing module, and the tilt sensing module included in the aforementioned state collection unit can be regarded as multiple monitoring units. Since each monitoring unit monitors its own parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, lightning electric field, etc., the monitoring unit can also be regarded as a multi-parameter monitoring unit as shown in Figure 1. In the embodiment of the present application, through the access of multiple monitoring units, comprehensive perception and comprehensive judgment of the line state can be realized.
  • the communication unit is composed of a LoRa radio frequency module, an embedded (ARM) sub-controller, and a radio frequency antenna.
  • the control unit is connected with the ARM sub-controller in UART mode, and sends communication parameter configuration, network access instructions, sending data frames (line environment data obtained by the status acquisition unit) and sleep instructions to it, and at the same time receives the reception of the ARM sub-controller Information such as data frame and network status.
  • the ARM sub-controller runs the LoRaWAN software protocol stack program, which is used to encapsulate, analyze, send and receive, channel and rate control of LoRaWAN data messages, etc., and connect with the LoRa RF module through SPI. Its initialization and the sending and receiving of LoRa data frames (line environment data or data from the server are transmitted in LoRa data frames); the LoRa radio frequency module and the downstream gateway perform wireless communication based on the LoRaWAN protocol, and the gateway completes the LoRa radio frequency signal reception, and based on The private network forwards data to the background server.
  • LoRaWAN software protocol stack program which is used to encapsulate, analyze, send and receive, channel and rate control of LoRaWAN data messages, etc., and connect with the LoRa RF module through SPI. Its initialization and the sending and receiving of LoRa data frames (line environment data or data from the server are transmitted in LoRa data frames); the LoRa radio frequency module and the downstream gateway perform wireless communication based on the Lo
  • the LoRaWAN communication technology is adopted in the embodiments of the present application to realize a flexible ad hoc network of equipment; the device has high integration, small size, and low cost, and at the same time solves the problem of installation and maintenance.
  • the power supply unit includes a (micro) photovoltaic power supply module, a backup battery, a power switch module, and a low power consumption voltage regulator module.
  • the micro photovoltaic power supply module consists of a micro photovoltaic panel, a lithium battery charge and discharge control module, and a rechargeable lithium battery (rechargeable lithium battery). Under normal light, such as sufficient light, the battery panel absorbs light to generate energy, and the lithium battery is charged by this energy. When there is no light, the lithium battery is connected to the power switch module through the charge and discharge control module to enable the backup battery.
  • the backup battery adopts a high-energy density disposable lithium battery, which is directly connected to the power switching module, and supplies power to the monitoring device when the photovoltaic power supply module is abnormal due to the external environment, such as no light.
  • the power switching module can realize automatic switching of the power supply of the photovoltaic power supply module and the backup battery, avoid battery reverse charging, and preferably the photovoltaic system is used as the main power supply.
  • the power switching module is used to connect the backup battery to the monitoring device to supply power to the monitoring device.
  • the (low-dropout) voltage regulator module adopts a low-power, high-efficiency, low-dropout LDO linear regulator to realize the stability of the electrical signal output by the battery and provide a stable power signal for the monitoring device, such as DC voltage, current, etc., to the greatest extent Improve the efficiency and low power consumption performance of the entire power supply unit.
  • This embodiment provides a power transmission line monitoring system, which includes the above-mentioned power transmission line monitoring device and a server.
  • Embodiment 1 For the working principle of the monitoring system, refer to Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.
  • Step 1 Peripheral initialization
  • the main control unit and the ARM sub-controller respectively complete the initialization of their own peripherals and clock.
  • the main control unit sends instructions to each sensor module to initialize it, and the sub-controller sends SPI instructions to the radio frequency module to initialize it;
  • Step 2 LoRaWAN communication parameter initialization
  • the main control unit checks the communication parameter initialization flag bit, if it is 0, initialize the communication parameters, and set the flag bit to 1, if it is 1, go directly to step 3;
  • the communication parameter initialization mainly completes the communication mode, communication channel, communication rate, and transmission power , Configuration of parameters such as over-the-air activation method (OTAA) access credentials, after initialization is complete, enter step 3;
  • OTAA over-the-air activation method
  • Step 3 LoRaWAN device enters the network
  • the main control unit checks the network access flag. If it is 0, OTAA access is performed. After the access is successful, the flag will be set to 1. If the access fails, it will try to access the network repeatedly. If the bit is 1, go directly to step 4; fault processing sub-process: the main control unit clears all flag bits, then sets the restart interval, stores the fault event in the memory, and finally restarts the device;
  • Step 4 Judgment of running status
  • the main control unit checks its own registers to obtain the wake-up source. If the wake-up source is periodic wake-up or power-on wake-up, then go to step 5. If it is wake-up by external interrupt or ULP coprocessor wake-up, go to step 6;
  • Step 5 LoRaWAN periodic data reporting
  • the device enters the periodic reporting mode, the main control unit polls to read the sensor data and encapsulates it into a data frame according to the predefined protocol format, and then sends a data reporting instruction (control instruction) to the sub-controller, and waits for the server to return. If the number of attempts exceeds the maximum number of transmissions, it will enter the fault handling sub-process, and if the transmission is successful, it will proceed to step 7;
  • Step 6 LoRaWAN abnormal data report
  • the device enters the abnormal data reporting mode.
  • the main control unit determines the current wake-up source as lightning warning, wire over-temperature fault or tilt warning, reads the corresponding sensor data and encapsulates it into a data frame according to the predefined protocol format, and sends the data to the sub-controller Report the command, and then wait for the server to return. If the return fails or the response timeout, the module will be repeated. If the number of attempts exceeds the maximum number of transmissions, the module will be restarted. If the transmission is successful, it will proceed to step 7;
  • Step 7 Module sleep
  • the main control completes the setting and enabling of the wake-up source, and at the same time sends a sleep command to the sub-controllers, waiting for all external devices to enter the low-power sleep mode after sleep is completed, and waiting for the device to wake up next time.
  • the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, this application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.
  • a computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction device.
  • the device implements the functions specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce computer-implemented processing, so as to execute on the computer or other programmable equipment.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing functions specified in a flow or multiple flows in the flowchart and/or a block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a computer storage medium in which computer-executable instructions are stored, and the computer-executable instructions are used to execute the monitoring method executed by the aforementioned monitoring device.
  • the storage medium of the embodiment of the application includes volatile random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, and CD-ROM ROM), Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), or other media being accessed.
  • this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application may adopt the form of hardware embodiments, software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware. Moreover, this application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.
  • These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction device.
  • the device implements the functions specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce computer-implemented processing, so as to execute on the computer or other programmable equipment.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing functions specified in a flow or multiple flows in the flowchart and/or a block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.
  • the LoRaWAN-based multi-parameter low-power monitoring device and system for power transmission lines provided by the embodiments of the application realize data access to multiple sensors, and realize comprehensive perception and comprehensive judgment of line status; using LoRaWAN communication technology, more This kind of sensor data transmission realizes the flexible self-organizing network of the equipment; the device has high integration, small size and low cost, and at the same time solves the problem of installation and maintenance.

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Abstract

一种基于LoRaWAN的输电线路监测装置及系统，该装置包括：状态采集单元、控制单元、通信单元；状态采集单元用于采集线路环境数据，并将线路环境数据传输至控制单元；控制单元根据线路环境数据获取控制指令，并将控制指令发送至通信单元；通信单元基于LoRaWAN协议通信传输线路环境数据。

Description

一种基于LoRaWAN的输电线路监测装置及系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201910525632.2、申请日为2019年06月18日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的内容在此以引入方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及输电线路监测领域，具体涉及一种基于低功耗远距离通信网技术(LoRaWAN)的输电线路监测装置及系统。
背景技术
物联网技术可以提高对输电线路的感知能力，通过大规模传感器协同，结合信息通信网络，从而实现联合处理、数据传输、综合判断等功能，从而实时了解设备工作状态，获知各种技术指标与参数，提高状态监测水平。但限于技术、机制等原因，传统在线监测装置与一次设备的集成度不高，一般独立安装维护，部分装置存在功能单一、结构庞杂、体积笨重、耗电巨大，受输电线路电磁环境影响大，组网方式不灵活，维护工作量大，设备智能化、小型化、集成化程度低。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种基于LoRaWAN的输电线路监测装置及系统，通过多种监测单元的接入，实现对线路状态的全面感知和综合判断；采用LoRaWAN通信技术，实现了设备的灵活自组网；装置集成度高，体积小巧，成本低，同时解决了安装维护的问题。
本申请实施例的第一方面，提供一种基于LoRaWAN的输电线路监测 装置，所述装置包括：状态采集单元、控制单元以及通信单元；其中，
所述状态采集单元，配置为采集线路环境数据，并将所述线路环境数据传输至所述控制单元；
所述控制单元，配置为根据所述线路环境数据获取控制指令，并将所述控制指令发送至通信单元；
所述通信单元，用于接收控制指令，基于LoRaWAN协议通信传输线路环境数据至服务器。
在一个可选的方案中，所述装置还包括供电单元；所述供电单元，配置为向所述输电线路监测装置供电。
作为一种可选方案，所述状态采集单元包括环境采集模块、导线测温模块、雷电电场感应模块和倾斜传感模块；其中，所述环境采集模块，配置为采集输电线路所处的光强、温度、湿度和气压数据中的至少一种；所述导线测温模块配置为测量输电导线的温度；所述雷电电场感应模块配置为探测输电线路的雷电电场；所述倾斜传感模块用于感应输电线路的倾斜角度。
作为一种可选方案，所述通信单元包括低功耗局域网无线标准(LoRa)射频模块、ARM分控制器以及射频天线，所述通信单元基于异步收发传输(UART)方式与所述控制单元连接。
作为一种可选方案，导线测温模块包括多个导线温度传感器及多个滤波电路，所述导线测温传感器设置于多个位置。
作为一种可选方案，所述供电单元包括光伏供电模块、后备电池、电源切换模块及低功耗稳压模块。
作为一种可选方案，所述控制单元通过通用串行总线(I2C)/串行外设接口(SPI)/模数转换器(ADC)接口与状态采集单元连接。
作为一种可选方案，所述控制单元通过UART接口与通信单元的连接。
作为一种可选方案，所述监测系统包括前述的输电线路监测装置以及服务器；所述输电线路监测装置，配置为监测线路状况信息，并将所述线路状况信息发送至所述服务器，并接受服务器的返回信息；其中，服务器，配置为接收线路状况信息，发送针对线路状况信息而得到的返回信息。
本申请实施例的第二方面，提供一种输电线路监测系统，所述监测系统包括上述的输电线路监测装置以及服务器；其中，
所述输电线路监测装置，配置为监测线路状况信息，并将所述线路状况信息发送至所述服务器，并接受服务器的返回信息；
其中，服务器，配置为接收线路状况信息，发送针对线路状况信息而得到的返回信息。
本申请实施例的有益效果是，本申请实施例提供的一种基于LoRaWAN的输电线路多参量低功耗监测装置及系统，实现了对多种传感器的数据接入，实现对线路状态的全面感知和综合判断。采用LoRaWAN通信技术进行传感器数据的传输，实现了设备的灵活自组网；装置集成度高，体积小巧，成本低，同时解决了安装维护的问题。
附图说明
附图1是本申请实施例中输电线路监测装置的系统原理图；
附图2是本申请实施例中装置中状态采集单元的原理示意图；
附图3是本申请实施例中装置的LoRaWAN通信网络连接示意图；
附图4是本申请实施例中装置中供电单元的原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图并结合具体的实施例，对本申请实施例作进一步的详细说明。
实施例一
请参照图1，本申请实施例提供一种输电线路监测装置，具体是一种应用有LoRaWAN协议的输电线路监测装置。为使监测装置能够实现LoRaWAN协议的数据传输，在装置中设置有LoRaWAN协议栈单元；利用LoRaWAN协议栈单元可将期望传输的数据利用LoRaWAN协议进行传输。
在具体组成上，所述监测装置包括：状态采集单元、控制单元、通信单元及供电单元；其中，所述状态采集单元，配置为采集线路环境数据，并将所述线路环境数据传输至所述控制单元；
所述控制单元，配置为根据所述线路环境数据获取控制指令，并将所述控制指令发送至通信单元；
所述通信单元，配置为接收控制指令，基于LoRaWAN协议通信传输线路环境数据至服务器；
所述供电单元，配置为向所述输电线路监测装置供电。
前述的控制单元具体可以为图1至图3中的主控制单元。状态采集单元为图1中的多参量监测单元。服务器具体可以为图1中的远端服务器、后台服务器或图3中的监控中心服务器。在具体实现上，控制指令可以具体为数据上传指令，以将线路环境数据上传到服务器侧。
所述状态采集单元包括环境采集模块、导线测温模块、雷电电场感应模块和倾斜传感模块；其中，所述环境采集模块，配置为采集光强、温度、湿度和气压数据中的至少一种；所述导线测温模块配置为测量输电导线的温度；所述雷电电场感应模块配置为探测输电线路的雷电电场；所述倾斜传感模块用于感应输电线路的倾斜角度。
所述供电单元由微型光伏和备用电源组成，为其它所有单元提供电源。所述状态采集单元，配置为采集线路的环境微气象、倾斜角度、导线温度、雷电电场等传感数据中的至少一种，并基于I2C/SPI/ADC等方式与主控制单元连接。所述通信单元主要包括ARM分处理器和LoRa射频模块，ARM 分处理器和LoRa射频模块以SPI总线方式连接，可实现与网关及远端监控中心服务器的LoRaWAN协议通信。在具体实现上，状态采集单元可以为各种类型的传感器，为采集温度、湿度、气压等数据的传感器，采集倾斜角度的传感器。所述控制单元获取传感器的实时数据，基于UART与通信单元的ARM分控制器连接并发送通信及控制指令，实时采集供电单元的剩余电量信息，并控制整个系统的工作流程如在剩余电量不足的情况下产生提醒。
本实施例中提供的状态采集单元的原理如图2所示，状态采集单元包括环境采集模块、导线测温模块、雷电电场感应模块和倾斜传感模块。其中环境采集模块基于微型低功耗高集成(MEMS)芯片设计，可实现对光强、温度、湿度、气压等数据的全面监控，功耗达到微瓦级，采用I2C的通信方式，传感器数据由主控制单元基于时钟唤醒实现周期性上报，在设定的时钟周期到来时主控制单元读取环境采集模块监控或采集到的数据，并上传到通信单元、具体如ARM分控制器。
导线测温模块包括设置在多个不同位置的温度探头，避免单个温度探头由于自身故障或接触不良等引起的测量误差，保证导线测温的高可靠性，功耗达到微瓦级，采用模拟信号/I2C/单总线等形式输出。由主控制单元基于超低功耗(ULP)协处理器轮询方式查询温度探头探测到的实时数据，在超过设定阈值区间如主控制单元判断出温度探头探测到温度高于设定的合理温度阈值区间时主控制单元可自动唤醒并完成数据上报。导线测温模块包括多个用于测量输电导线的温度的导线温度传感器如前述的温度探头，还可以包括多个用于滤除超出合理温度阈值的测量温度的滤波电路。
倾斜传感模块基于轴加速传感MEMS芯片设计，采用I2C/SPI的通信方式，并可设计触发阈值如倾斜角度超出合理角度的情况下以主动方式向主控制单元发送中断信号，以告知主控制单元倾斜角度出现不合理的状况。 默认工作在低功耗监听模式。雷电电场感应模块基于集成式雷电感应MEMS芯片设计，采用I2C/SPI的通信方式，并可设计触发阈值如产生雷电预警以主动向主控制单元发送中断信号，以告知主控制单元出现雷电状况。默认工作在低功耗监听模式。
需要说明的是，前述的状态采集单元包括的环境采集模块、导线测温模块、雷电电场感应模块和倾斜传感模块等可视为多种监测单元。由于各监测单元监测各自的参量如温度、湿度、气压、雷电电场等，所以监测单元也可视为如图1所示的多参量监测单元。本申请实施例中，通过多种监测单元的接入，可实现对线路状态的全面感知和综合判断。
本实施例中的LoRaWAN通信网络的原理如图3所示，通信单元由LoRa射频模块、嵌入式(ARM)分控制器、射频天线等组成。其中，控制单元以UART方式与ARM分控制器进行连接，向其发送通信参数配置、入网指令、发送数据帧(状态采集单元获得的线路环境数据)以及休眠指令，同时接收ARM分控制器的接收数据帧、网络状态等信息。ARM分控制器运行LoRaWAN软件协议栈程序，用于将线路环境数据进行LoRaWAN数据报文的封装、解析、收发、信道及速率控制等，并与LoRa射频模块之间通过SPI的方式进行连接来实现其初始化以及LoRa数据帧(线路环境数据或来自服务器的数据均以LoRa数据帧进行传输)的收发；LoRa射频模块与后级网关基于LoRaWAN协议进行无线通信，网关完成LoRa射频信号的接收，并基于专用网络向后台服务器转发数据。
可见，本申请实施例中采用LoRaWAN通信技术，实现了设备的灵活自组网；装置集成度高，体积小巧，成本低，同时解决了安装维护的问题。
本实施例中提供的供电单元的原理如图4所示，供电单元包括(微型)光伏供电模块、后备电池、电源切换模块及低功耗稳压模块。其中，微型光伏供电模块由微型光伏电池板、锂电池充放电控制模块和可充电锂电池 (充电性锂电池)组成。在正常光照如光照充足时，电池板吸收光照产生能量，由该能量对锂电池进行充电，在无光照时由锂电池经充放电控制模块接入电源切换模块，使得后备电池启用。所述后备电池采用高能量密度的一次性锂电池，直接接入电源切换模块，在外界环境导致的光伏供电模块异常如无光照时为监测装置进行供电。其中，所述电源切换模块可实现光伏供电模块和后备电池的供电的自动切换，避免电池反充，并优选光伏系统作为主供电电源。在主供电电源异常的情况下利用电源切换模块，将后备电池接入至监测装置，以为监测装置进行供电。所述(低压降)稳压模块采用低功耗高效率低压降LDO线性稳压器，实现电池输出的电信号的稳定，为监测装置提供稳定的电源信号，如直流电压、电流等，最大程度提高整个供电单元的效率和低功耗性能。
实施例二
本实施例提供一种输电线路监测系统，所述监测系统包括上述的输电线路监测装置以及服务器。
所述监测系统的工作原理参照实施例一，在此不再赘述。
实施例三
本实施例中所提供的实施例一和实施例二提供的装置及系统的使用方法，还包含如下步骤：
步骤1：外设初始化
主控制单元和ARM分控制器分别完成对自身外设和时钟的初始化，主控制单元发送指令至各个传感器模块对其进行初始化操作，分控制器发送SPI指令至射频模块对其进行初始化操作；
步骤2：LoRaWAN通信参数初始化
主控制单元查看通信参数初始化标志位，若为0则进行通信参数初始化，并将标志位置1，若为1则直接进入步骤3；通信参数初始化主要完成 通信模式、通信信道、通信速率、发射功率、空中激活方式(OTAA)入网凭证等参数的配置，初始化完成则进入步骤3；
步骤3：LoRaWAN设备入网
主控制单元查看入网标志位，若为0则进行OTAA入网，入网成功后将标志位置1，如果入网失败则重复尝试入网，若重试次数超过最大重试次数则进入故障处理子流程，若标志位为1则直接进入步骤4；故障处理子流程：主控制单元将所有标志位清零，然后设置重启间隔，并存储故障事件至存储器，最后重启设备；
步骤4：运行状态判断
主控制单元查看自身寄存器获取唤醒源，如果唤醒源为周期性唤醒或者上电唤醒，则进入步骤5，如果为外部中断唤醒或ULP协处理器唤醒，则进入步骤6；
步骤5：LoRaWAN周期性数据上报
装置进入周期性上报模式，主控制单元轮询读取传感器数据并按预定义协议格式封装为数据帧，然后向分控制器发送数据上报指令(控制指令)，等待服务器返回，若返回失败或回复超时则重复发送，若尝试次数超过最大发送次数则进入故障处理子流程，发送成功则进入步骤7；
步骤6：LoRaWAN异常数据上报
装置进入异常数据上报模式，主控制单元根据当前唤醒源确定为雷电预警、导线过温故障或倾斜预警，读取相应传感器数据并按预定义协议格式封装为数据帧，并向分控制器发送数据上报指令，然后等待服务器返回，若返回失败或回复超时则重复发送，若尝试次数超过最大发送次数则重启模块，发送成功则进入步骤7；
步骤7：模块休眠
主控制完成唤醒源的设置和使能，同时发送休眠命令至分控制器，等 待所有外部设备休眠完成后自身也进入低功耗休眠模式，等待装置的下一次唤醒。
本申请实施例提供的上述技术方案及附图，用于对本申请的进一步说明而非限制，另外应当说明的是，本领域普通技术人员应当知晓，依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或全部技术特征进行等同替换，而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请技术方案的范围。
以上仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均包含在申请待批的本申请的权利要求范围之内。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存 储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
本申请实施例提供一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于执行前述的监测装置所执行的监测方法。本申请实施例的存储介质包括易挥发性随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存或其他存储器技术、只读光盘(CD-ROM)、数字通用盘(DVD)或其他被访问的他介质。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用硬件实施例、软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器和光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功 能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述，仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本申请的保护范围。
工业实用性
本申请实施例提供的基于LoRaWAN的输电线路多参量低功耗监测装置及系统，实现了对多种传感器的数据接入，实现对线路状态的全面感知和综合判断；采用LoRaWAN通信技术，将多种传感器数据进行传输，实现了设备的灵活自组网；装置集成度高，体积小巧，成本低，同时解决了安装维护的问题。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于低功耗远距离通信网技术LoRaWAN的输电线路监测装置，所述装置包括：状态采集单元、控制单元、通信单元及供电单元；
    所述状态采集单元，配置为采集线路环境数据，并将所述线路环境数据传输至所述控制单元；
    所述控制单元，配置为根据所述线路环境数据获取控制指令，并将所述控制指令发送至通信单元；
    所述通信单元，配置为接收控制指令，基于LoRaWAN协议通信传输线路环境数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种输电线路监测装置，其中，所述状态采集单元包括环境采集模块、导线测温模块、雷电电场感应模块和倾斜传感模块；其中，
    所述环境采集模块，配置为采集输电线路所处环境的光强、温度、湿度以及气压数据中的至少一种数据；
    所述导线测温模块，配置为测量输电导线的温度；
    所述雷电电场感应模块，配置为探测输电线路所处环境的雷电电场；
    所述倾斜传感模块，配置为感应输电线的倾斜角度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种输电线路监测装置，其中，所述通信单元包括低功耗局域网无线标准LoRa射频模块、ARM分控制器以及射频天线，所述通信单元基于异步收发传输UART方式与所述控制单元连接；
    其中，所述ARM分控制器，至少配置为将线路环境数据进行LoRaWAN数据报文的封装或解析；
    LoRa射频模块，配置为基于LoRaWAN协议发送或接收封装好的LoRaWAN数据报文。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的一种输电线路监测装置，其中，导线 测温模块包括多个用于测量输电导线的温度的导线温度传感器及多个用于滤除超出合理温度阈值的测量温度的滤波电路，所述导线测温传感器设置于多个位置。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的输电线路监测装置，其中，所述装置还包括供电单元，配置为为所述输电线路监测装置供电。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种输电线路监测装置，其中，所述供电单元包括光伏供电模块和后备电池；
    其中，光伏供电模块，配置为在正常光照的情况下为所述监测装置进行供电；
    后备电池，配置为在光伏供电模块出现异常的情况下为所述监测装置进行供电。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种输电线路监测装置，其中，所述供电单元还包括与后备电池连接的电源切换模块及与电源切换模块连接的稳压模块；
    其中，所述电源切换模块，配置为自动切换光伏供电模块和后备电池；
    稳压模块，配置为稳定光伏供电模块或后备电池的电源信号。
  8. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的输电线路监测装置，其中，所述控制单元通过通用串行总线I2C、串行外设接口SPI、和模数转换器ADC接口中的至少一种与状态采集单元连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的输电线路监测装置，其中，所述控制单元通过异步收发传输UART接口与通信单元的连接。
  10. 一种输电线路监测系统，所述监测系统包括权利要求1至9任一项所述的输电线路监测装置以及服务器；
    其中，所述输电线路监测装置，配置为监测线路状况信息，并将所述线路状况信息发送至所述服务器，并接收服务器的返回信息。
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