WO2020248637A1 - 一种光伏电池板之间连接的可控关断方法 - Google Patents

一种光伏电池板之间连接的可控关断方法 Download PDF

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WO2020248637A1
WO2020248637A1 PCT/CN2020/078924 CN2020078924W WO2020248637A1 WO 2020248637 A1 WO2020248637 A1 WO 2020248637A1 CN 2020078924 W CN2020078924 W CN 2020078924W WO 2020248637 A1 WO2020248637 A1 WO 2020248637A1
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signal
connector
power supply
transmission line
current transmission
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PCT/CN2020/078924
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English (en)
French (fr)
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许建明
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常熟市福莱德连接器科技有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/36—Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power supply.
  • a switchable connector which has a structure with four connection plugs, two of which are photovoltaic transmission current line plugs, and the other two are auxiliary communication and function line plugs.
  • the switchable connector of this structure is not only complicated and troublesome to install, but also an auxiliary cable of the same length as the string loop needs to be laid. Therefore, it is foreseeable that the user's preference will not be very high.
  • a controllable shut-off method for the connection between photovoltaic panels Several photovoltaic panels are connected in series through a current transmission line, and every two adjacent photovoltaic panels are connected in series.
  • a connector is provided on the current transmission line between, and a signal processing system, a power supply system, a control circuit and an electronic switching element are arranged in the connector; the signal generator inputs the signal into the current transmission line, and the signal processing system separates the signal , A part of the signal continues to be transmitted along the current transmission line, and is transmitted to other connectors on the current transmission line.
  • the other part of the signal is divided into a control signal and a power signal.
  • the control signal controls the on and off of the electronic switching element through the control circuit,
  • the power signal is transmitted to the power supply system as the power supply of the control circuit; the electronic switching element is arranged on the current transmission line.
  • the shut-off method designed by the present invention involves only two positive and negative connecting plugs in the connector, which can be directly inserted between two conventional photovoltaic panels, thereby achieving a controllable shut-off function.
  • the shutdown method designed by the present invention adopts a closed-loop single bus communication mode as the switch action execution signal of the connector. Because this kind of communication only runs in one string loop, even if it shares the same inverter load with other strings, its signals will not enter the next string and cause control interference.
  • a signal processing system that can pass large DC currents without loss is used, and low-pass resistance electronic switching elements are used, so that the connector can achieve ultra-low power consumption of no more than 0.3W in the open state.
  • the connector involved in this method is not only convenient for installation, debugging, maintenance, and replacement, but also has a greater selling price than the junction box in the prior art.
  • Fig. 1 is an internal circuit diagram of the connector involved in the shutdown method of the present invention.
  • a controllable shut-off method for the connection between photovoltaic battery panels Several photovoltaic battery panels are connected in series through a current transmission line, and the connector is provided on the current transmission line between every two adjacent photovoltaic battery panels.
  • the connector is equipped with a signal processing system, a power supply system, a control circuit, and electronic switching elements;
  • the signal generator inputs the signal into the current transmission line, the signal processing system separates the signal, and a part of the signal is transmitted along the current The line continues to be transported forward and is transmitted to other connectors on the current transmission line.
  • the other part of the signal is divided into a control signal and a power signal.
  • the control signal controls the on and off of the electronic switching element through the control circuit, and the power signal is sent to the
  • the power supply system transmits as the power supply of the control circuit; the electronic switching element is arranged on the current transmission line.
  • the signal processing system includes an LC resonance component 4, a DC blocking capacitor 2, a signal detection and enhancement circuit 3.
  • the LC resonance component is arranged on the current transmission line, and the DC blocking capacitor is connected in series with the signal detection and enhancement circuit. It is then connected in parallel with the resonant component; the signal detection and enhancement circuit is respectively connected with the switch control circuit 6 and the power supply system.
  • the signal detection and enhancement circuit is a combination of a signal detection circuit and a signal enhancement circuit in the prior art.
  • the signal detection circuit is a signal screening circuit, and the signal enhancement circuit is a signal amplification circuit.
  • the signal detection and enhancement circuit can be the amplifying circuit with signal detection function described in the patent document with publication number CN1578123A.
  • the DC blocking capacitor is a capacitor capable of blocking DC.
  • the switch control circuit can select a new type of MOS transistor switch control circuit described in the patent document with publication number CN206349979U, or a MOS transistor drive voltage control circuit described in the patent document with publication number CN107967021A.
  • the power supply system includes a diode and an energy storage capacitor 5 connected to the signal detection and enhancement circuit.
  • the diode rectifies and stabilizes the signal from the signal detection and enhancement circuit 3, and the signal passed through the diode is stored in the energy storage capacitor to ensure the operation of the subsequent control circuit.
  • the electronic switch element 7 is a MOS tube, that is, a MOS type power switch tube.
  • the gate of the MOS tube is connected to the control circuit 6.
  • a high-frequency signal bypass circuit connected in parallel with the electronic switching element 7 is provided in the connector.
  • the bypass circuit is connected in parallel with the MOS tube, and is provided with a capacitor 10, which is a bypass channel for signals when the MOS tube is not turned on.
  • An overvoltage protection circuit connected in parallel with the electronic switching element 7 is provided in the connector.
  • a bidirectional thyristor 8 with high withstand voltage and large current is connected in parallel between the drain and source of the MOS tube.
  • an element 9 for automatically triggering turn-on over voltage is also provided between the drain and source of the MOS tube, such as a bidirectional trigger diode, to prevent the MOS tube from being broken down during the turn-off process.
  • a number of photovoltaic battery panels form a photovoltaic string through a current transmission line, and each current transmission line between two adjacent photovoltaic battery panels is provided with a connector.
  • the signal generator connected to the current transmission line transmits a signal to the current transmission line.
  • the signal enters from the negative pole 1 of the connector, flows into the LC resonance component 4, and then passes through the LC resonance.
  • part of the signal is shunted and enters the signal detection and enhancement circuit 3 after the DC blocking capacitor 2.
  • the signal detection and enhancement circuit filters and enhances the signal
  • part of the signal is sent to the subsequent control circuit 6, and the other part of the signal is rectified and stabilized, and then stored in the energy storage capacitor 5 to supply power to the control circuit.
  • the control circuit After receiving the corresponding turn-on command, the control circuit outputs the turn-on voltage to the gate of the MOS tube, so that the electronic switch element 7 is turned on.
  • the photovoltaic string can supply power to the external load. Otherwise, for example, if the control circuit receives a turn-off command, or does not receive a corresponding turn-on command, the MOS transistor is turned off, and the current transmission line of the photovoltaic string is disconnected.
  • the thyristor (triac 8) can be turned on in time to bypass the overvoltage.
  • the string circuit is completely closed, the thyristor Loss of maintaining current will automatically return to an open circuit state.
  • the single-loop bus communication technology is used in the design of the present invention. Since this communication only runs in one string loop, even if it shares the same inverter load with other strings, its signal will not change. Enter the string next to it.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种光伏电池板之间连接的可控关断方法，每相邻两个光伏电池板之间的电流输送线上设有发明所述功能的连接器(以下均简称为连接器)，在连接器内设置信号处理系统、电源供给系统、控制电路和电子开关元件；信号发生器将信号输入所述电流输送线，信号处理系统对信号进行分离，一部分信号沿电流输送线继续向前输送，传送到电流输送线上的其他连接器，另一部分信号分成控制信号和电源信号，所述控制信号经所述控制电路控制电子开关元件的通断，所述电源信号向所述电源供给系统输送，作为控制电路的电源；所述电子开关元件设置在电流输送线上。本发明设计的关断方法，采用了闭环单总线的通信方式作为连接器的开关动作执行信号，安装、调试、维修、更换方便。

Description

一种光伏电池板之间连接的可控关断方法 技术领域
本发明涉及光伏供电技术领域。
背景技术
目前在北美地区已经开始推行的国际电工协会颁布的NEC2017.690.12关于分布式光伏电网新的安全标准中，规定：在光伏组串逆变器输入端总线分断器断开后，其前端的光伏组串之间的各连接也必须自动切断，使得光伏组串的任何一个节点的对地电压不会超过80V。为此，很多光伏组件或配件生产公司都有设计这方面的应用产品，但大部分方案都是采用可关断接线盒的形式。这种方式固然设计容易，功能实现起来比较方便，但对于用户的使用会造成一定的麻烦，且在组件的成品功率和品质测试时，带关断功能的接线盒将带来诸多不便。而且在以后的使用中如果接线盒出现故障时，在没有合适的技术和专用的工具的情况下，势必就得把整个电池板更换下来。
为解决上述技术问题，已经有企业研发了一种可关断连接器，它是具有四个连接插头的结构，两个为光伏输送电流线插头，另两个是辅助通信和功能线插头。这种结构的可关断连接器在使用中，不但安装稍嫌复杂和麻烦，而且还需布放与组串回路同等长度的辅助缆，所以，可预见对用户的喜爱程度不会很高。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题：在取消辅助线的情况下，只靠一根光伏组 串的电流输送线，实现所有连接器的同步开关功能。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种光伏电池板之间连接的可控关断方法，通过一电流输送线将若干光伏电池板串接，每相邻两个光伏电池板之间的电流输送线上设有连接器，在连接器内设置信号处理系统、电源供给系统、控制电路和电子开关元件；信号发生器将信号输入所述电流输送线，信号处理系统对信号进行分离，一部分信号沿电流输送线继续向前输送，传送到电流输送线上的其他连接器，另一部分信号分成控制信号和电源信号，所述控制信号经所述控制电路控制电子开关元件的通断，所述电源信号向所述电源供给系统输送，作为控制电路的电源；所述电子开关元件设置在电流输送线上。
本发明设计的关断方法，其涉及的连接器仅有正负两个连接插头，可以直接插入在两块常规的光伏电池板之间，从而实现可控关断功能。
本发明设计的关断方法，采用了闭环单总线的通信方式作为连接器的开关动作执行信号。这种通信由于只在一个组串环路中运转，所以即使与别的组串共用同一的逆变器负载，其信号也不会窜入旁边的组串而造成控制干扰。
在连接器内部，采用了可以无损通过直流大电流的信号处理系统，并使用了低通阻的电子开关元件，使得连接器能在开通状态实现不高于0.3W的超低功耗。
在连接器内部，有一组信号选频和谐振升压的电路，形成电源供给系统，并以此作为内部电子电路的工作电源，从而实现了无外部供电的自举电源工作环境。
本方法所涉连接器，不但安装、调试、维修、更换方便，而且销售价 格也比现有技术中的接线盒有更大的优势。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明：
图1为本发明所述关断方法所涉连接器的内部电路图。
图中符号说明：
1、连接器负极；2、隔直电容；3、信号检出和增强电路；4、LC谐振组件；5、储能电容；6、开关控制电路；7、电子开关元件；8、双向晶闸管；9、过压触发导通元件；10、高频信号旁路电容；11、连接器正极。
具体实施方式
一种光伏电池板之间连接的可控关断方法，通过一电流输送线将若干光伏电池板串接，每相邻两个光伏电池板之间的电流输送线上设有所述连接器。
如图1，所述连接器内设置信号处理系统、电源供给系统、控制电路和电子开关元件；信号发生器将信号输入所述电流输送线，信号处理系统对信号进行分离，一部分信号沿电流输送线继续向前输送，传送到电流输送线上的其他连接器，另一部分信号分成控制信号和电源信号，所述控制信号经所述控制电路控制电子开关元件的通断，所述电源信号向所述电源供给系统输送，作为控制电路的电源；所述电子开关元件设置在电流输送线上。
所述信号处理系统包括LC谐振组件4、隔直电容2、信号检出和增强电路3；LC谐振组件设置在所述电流输送线上，隔直电容与所述信号检出和增强电路串联后再与谐振组件并联；所述信号检出和增强电路分别与所述开关控制电路6、所述电源供给系统连接。其中，所述信号检出和增强 电路是现有技术中信号检出电路和信号增强电路的结合，信号检出电路即信号筛选电路，信号增强电路即信号放大电路。所述信号检出和增强电路可以选择公开号为CN1578123A的专利文件所述的具有信号检出功能的放大电路。其中，所述隔直电容即能够阻隔直流的电容。所述开关控制电路可选择公开号为CN206349979U的专利文件所述的一种新型MOS管开关控制电路，或者，公开号为CN107967021A的专利文件所述的一种MOS管驱动电压的控制电路。
所述电源供给系统包括与所述信号检出和增强电路连接的二极管和储能电容5。二极管对来自所述信号检出和增强电路3的信号进行整流和稳压，经过二极管的信号存入所述储能电容，保证后级控制电路的工作。
作为一种选择，所述电子开关元件7为MOS管，即MOS型功率开关管。MOS管的栅极与控制电路6连接。
连接器内设有与电子开关元件7并联的高频信号旁通电路。所述旁通电路与MOS管并联，设有电容器10，是MOS管未被接通时对信号的旁路通道。
连接器内设有与电子开关元件7并联的过压保护电路。具体地，在MOS管的漏源极之间，并联一个高耐压、大电流的双向晶闸管8。作为一种可选择的改进，在MOS管的漏源极之间还设置了过压自动触发导通的元件9，例如，双向触发二极管，防止MOS管在关断过程中被击穿的风险。
实际操作中，若干光伏电池板通过一电流输送线构成一光伏组串，每相邻两个光伏电池板之间的电流输送线上设有一个连接器。需要使光伏电池板之间的连接器断开时，与电流输送线连接的信号发生器向电流输送线传送信号，信号从连接器的负极1进入，向LC谐振组件4流入，在通过 LC谐振组件时，由于LC谐振组件对高频信号的阻碍作用，使得部分信号分流，经隔直电容2后进入信号检出和增强电路3，信号检出和增强电路对信号进行筛选和增强后，一部分信号送入后级的控制电路6，另一部分信号经整流和稳压，存入储能电容5，向控制电路供电。控制电路在收到符合的开通命令后，向MOS管的栅极输出开通电压，使这个电子开关元件7接通。当光伏组串所有的连接器都接通时，光伏组串就可对外部负载供电了。否则，例如，控制电路收到的是关断命令，或者，没有收到符合的开通命令，MOS管关断，光伏组串的电流输送线断开。当电子开关元件7在关断过程中两端出现危险高压时，可控硅(双向晶闸管8)能及时导通而把过电压进行旁路保护，当组串电路彻底关闭后，可控硅因失去维持电流而自动恢复成开路状态。
本发明在设计上攻克了几大技术难题：
第一，在没有辅助线的情况下，可关断连接器内部的电子元件的工作电源从哪里来？能否达到电子开关元件所需的控制？
第二，在没有辅助线的情况下，只靠一根光伏组串的电流输送线，开关控制的通信信号怎么走？怎样实现从一根导线上抽取控制信号而又能保证对直流电流的压降最小？
第三，由于每个连接器内部的电子开关元件在进行关断动作时，不可能在切断时间上完全一致，这样在最先切断的连接器内部会承受很高的关断电压，从而造成开关元件被击穿，而要设计这种可关断连接器，就必须解决电子开关元件的过压自动保护功能。
本发明设计中采用了单回路总线这种通信技术，而这种通信由于只在一个组串环路中运转，所以即使与别的组串共用同一的逆变器负载，其信 号也不会窜入旁边的组串。
上述描述结合附图及现有技术，已能够实现本专利申请所述的技术方案，其中，信号发生器可单独控制，发送不同的开关控制信号，控制电子开关元件的通断。作为本专利申请的一种扩展或设想，在一个采用可关断连接器的光伏组串回路中，安装一个负责对所有可关断连接器进行智能管理和发送开关控制命令信号的主控模块，这个模块能够自动侦测组串回路是闭环还是开路、交流电网电压的有无，还可实现本地的面板的人工干预控制或远程通信控制。
以上内容仅为本发明的较佳实施方式，对于本领域的普通技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种光伏电池板之间连接的可控关断方法，通过一电流输送线将若干光伏电池板串接，每相邻两个光伏电池板之间的电流输送线上设有连接器，其特征在于：在连接器内设置信号处理系统、电源供给系统、控制电路和电子开关元件(7)；信号发生器将信号输入所述电流输送线，信号处理系统对信号进行分离，一部分信号沿电流输送线继续向前输送，传送到电流输送线上的其他连接器，另一部分信号分成控制信号和电源信号，所述控制信号经所述控制电路控制电子开关元件的通断，所述电源信号向所述电源供给系统输送，作为控制电路的电源；所述电子开关元件设置在电流输送线上。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的可控关断方法，其特征在于：连接器内设有与电子开关元件(7)并联的高频信号旁通电路。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的可控关断方法，其特征在于：连接器内设有与电子开关元件(7)并联的过压保护电路。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的可控关断方法，其特征在于：所述信号处理系统包括LC谐振组件(4)、隔直电容(2)、信号检出和增强电路(3)；LC谐振组件设置在所述电流输送线上，隔直电容与所述信号检出和增强电路串联后与LC谐振组件并联；所述信号检出和增强电路分别与所述控制电路、所述电源供给系统连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的可控关断方法，其特征在于：连接器的信号通信方式为把信号载入到电流输送线的闭环单总线通信方式。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的可控关断方法，其特征在于：所述电子开关元 件(7)为MOS管。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的可控关断方法，其特征在于：所述连接器在外部结构上仅引出一正一负两个插头。
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