WO2020245881A1 - Procédé de forage de puits - Google Patents

Procédé de forage de puits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020245881A1
WO2020245881A1 PCT/JP2019/022011 JP2019022011W WO2020245881A1 WO 2020245881 A1 WO2020245881 A1 WO 2020245881A1 JP 2019022011 W JP2019022011 W JP 2019022011W WO 2020245881 A1 WO2020245881 A1 WO 2020245881A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drill
liquid
pit
capsule
muddy water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/022011
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
利一 伊木
Original Assignee
関東天然瓦斯開発株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 関東天然瓦斯開発株式会社 filed Critical 関東天然瓦斯開発株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2019/022011 priority Critical patent/WO2020245881A1/fr
Publication of WO2020245881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020245881A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of excavating a pit.
  • Muddy water is used for drilling vertical shafts such as oil, natural gas, geothermal power, hot spring wells and hot water pipes. Muddy water is created by mixing clay such as bentonite with water, and is sent into a shaft for the purpose of transporting digging waste to the ground, protecting the pit wall, and the like (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2017-190441).
  • a substance that promotes the recovery of digging waste may be added to the muddy water.
  • An example of a recovery-promoting substance is a thickener.
  • a thickener By increasing the viscosity of muddy water, digging can be transported more effectively.
  • the thickener increases the fluid resistance of muddy water, it has a great influence on the head and power cost of the muddy water pump.
  • equipment such as a compressor is required.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for excavating a pit with an improved ability to transport excavated waste to the ground while suppressing the influence on cost.
  • a plurality of capsules filled with a substance for promoting the recovery of excavation waste are added to a liquid for excavation, and the liquid to which the capsules are added is supplied into the pit from an internal flow path of the drill.
  • the liquid containing the excavation debris generated by the drill is recovered from the annular portion between the pit wall and the drill.
  • Capsules dissolve or disintegrate after a predetermined period of time longer than the outflow time from addition to the liquid to outflow of the drill.
  • the recovery promoter While the liquid is being transported through the internal flow path of the drill, the recovery promoter is isolated from the surrounding liquid by the capsule, and the drill is drained before being mixed with the liquid. Therefore, the recovery-promoting substance can be added to the liquid without providing special equipment. Also, the recovery promoter does not affect the viscosity of the liquid while it is being transported through the internal flow path of the drill. Therefore, it is easy to prevent an increase in the load of the pump. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for excavating a pit with an improved ability to transport excavated waste to the ground while suppressing the influence on cost.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a land drilling rig 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pedestal called a subsystem 2 is provided on the ground surface G, and a turret 3 (also referred to as a derrick) is formed on the gantry.
  • a tubular casing pipe 4 is constructed in the ground below the subsystem 2, and a drill 5 (also called a drill string) for excavating a stratum is suspended by a wire 6 inside the tubular casing pipe 4.
  • the wire 6 is drawn out from the draw work 7 installed on the upper surface of the subsystem 2, and the drill 5 can be raised and lowered via the pulley 8 provided on the top of the turret 3.
  • a muddy water pump 9 for circulating muddy water is provided on the ground surface G or the upper surface of the subsystem 2.
  • a muddy water tank 12 for storing muddy water is provided on the ground surface G. The muddy water tank 12 is connected to the muddy water pump 9 by a pipe 13, and the muddy water pump 9 is connected to the drill 5 by a pipe 10.
  • the drill 5 has a bit 51 for excavating a stratum, a drill collar 52 for applying a load to the bit 51, and a drill pipe 53 connected to the drill collar 52.
  • the drill pipe 53 and the drill collar 52 and the bit 51 connected to the drill pipe 53 can be rotated around the central axis by a rotation drive mechanism (not shown) provided above the drill pipe 53.
  • the drill collar 52 and the drill pipe 53 are made of steel pipe.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of muddy water in the mine.
  • Muddy water is a liquid that is supplied into the mine for excavation, and has the function of taking in the excavation waste S generated during excavation and transporting it to the ground, the function of adjusting the pressure inside the shaft, and the function of protecting the pit wall and preventing the collapse of the stratum. , Has a cooling function of the bit 51 and the like.
  • Muddy water is a liquid in which clay such as bentonite is mixed with water and suspended, but the muddy water is not limited to this, and generally used muddy water can be widely used. As will be described later, thin muddy water can be used in this embodiment. In some cases, fresh water can be used instead of muddy water.
  • the drill 5 is provided with an internal flow path 54 through which muddy water passes.
  • the muddy water supplied from the muddy water pump 9 passes through the pipe 10 and the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5, and is ejected from the outlet (nozzle) provided at the bit 51 at the tip of the drill 5 toward the bottom of the pit.
  • the inside of the shaft 23 is filled with muddy water 24, and the shaft 23 is in contact with the surrounding ground 25.
  • the muddy water 24 takes in the excavation waste S (small black circle in the figure) generated when excavating the stratum with the bit 51, and is collected while ascending the annular portion 22 between the drill 5 and the pit wall 21.
  • a device (not shown) for removing the digging waste S contained in the muddy water is provided on the pipe 11, and the muddy water pump 9 can recirculate the muddy water from which the digging waste S has been removed.
  • the onshore drilling rig 1 further has a capsule tank 14 for storing capsules C filled with a thickener.
  • the thickener is an example of a substance that promotes the recovery of digging waste S.
  • the capsule tank 14 is connected to the pipe 13 via the capsule supply pipe 15.
  • a valve 16 is provided between the muddy water tank 12 of the pipe 13 and the confluence of the capsule supply pipe 15, and a valve 17 is provided in the capsule supply pipe 15. Valves 16 and 17 are open during the excavation of the shaft.
  • the muddy water 24 to which the capsule C is added is supplied into the mine through the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5, and the pit is excavated by the drill 5.
  • the capsule stored in the capsule tank 14 is introduced into the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 via the pipes 15, 13 and 10.
  • Casing pipe 4 is used to protect the mine wall 21.
  • the outer casing pipe 4a and the inner casing pipe 4b are provided.
  • a shaft having a diameter larger than that of the outer casing pipe 4a is excavated, and the outer casing pipe 4a is provided inside the shaft.
  • the annular portion 22a between the outer casing pipe 4a and the pit wall 21 is filled with cement 23a.
  • This work is called cementing.
  • Cementing is a process in which a cement slurry (also referred to as cement milk), which is a mixture of cement and water, is filled in the annular portion 22a to solidify the cement slurry.
  • the drill 5 is suspended inside the outer casing pipe 4a, a shaft having a diameter larger than that of the inner casing pipe 4b is excavated, and the inner casing pipe 4b is provided inside the shaft.
  • the annular portion 22b between the inner casing pipe 4b and the well wall 21 and the outer casing pipe 4a is filled with cement 23b. Further, the bit 51 is replaced and the lower part of the inner casing pipe 4b is excavated.
  • the thickener is preferably powder or liquid guar gum, or a polymer-based thickener. Guar gum is particularly preferable because it can increase the viscosity of muddy water with a small amount. Carboxymethyl cellulose can also be used as another thickener.
  • Still other thickeners include Ternite's synthetic inorganic thickeners, high molecular weight PHPA polymers, CMC refined products (high viscosity), CMC refined products (low viscosity), CMC industrial grade (low viscosity), CMC industrial grade ( (Regular), shale stabilizing polymer (powder or liquid), wioming bentonite, Na-montmorillonite, organic matter, polymer / chrysolite mixture, CMC (Na-carboxymethyl cellulose), polyanionic cellulose, gelatinized starch, etc. You can also do it.
  • the capsule C is a thickener 31 which is a content covered with a film material 32, and can be produced by a known method.
  • the configuration of the capsule C is not limited in any way, and for example, the coating material 32 may have a multiple configuration.
  • Capsule C more precisely, the coating material 32 of Capsule C is gradually melted or disintegrated after being added to muddy water, and when a predetermined time elapses, the thickener 31 filled therein is released into muddy water.
  • the predetermined time is set to be slightly longer than the time from when the capsule C is added to the muddy water until the drill 5 flows out (hereinafter referred to as the outflow time).
  • the outflow time can be obtained by dividing the total volume of the flow path from the point where the capsule C is added to the muddy water (the confluence point of the capsule supply pipe 15 with the pipe 13) to the outlet of the bit 51 by the flow rate of the muddy water. ..
  • the predetermined time and runoff time depend on the depth of the pit excavated so far. If the pit is shallow, the outflow time will be short, so the predetermined time may be short, and if the pit is deep, the outflow time will be long, so it is necessary to lengthen the predetermined time accordingly.
  • the muddy water supply flow rate (flow rate of the muddy water pump 9) may be controlled according to the depth of the pit so that the capsule C melts or collapses after flowing out of the outlet of the bit 51. That is, when the pit is shallow, the flow rate of the muddy water pump 9 may be reduced, and when the pit is deep, the flow rate of the muddy water pump 9 may be increased. Since the coating material 32 gradually dissolves, the coating material 32 is considerably thinned at the time when the bit 51 flows out. Therefore, many capsules are easily destroyed by the bit 51 or by the swirling flow generated by the bit 51.
  • Capsule C is made of synthetic resin, natural polymer material, etc. Capsule C has melting properties depending on pressure, temperature or pH. That is, the predetermined time is set as at least one parameter of pressure, temperature, and pH. Since the inside of the mine is usually under high temperature and high pressure, it is preferable that the capsule C melts or disintegrates when a certain period of time elapses under a predetermined high temperature or high pressure. Alternatively, the capsule C may dissolve or disintegrate when a certain period of time elapses under a predetermined high temperature and high pressure. Since the capsule C gradually descends in the mine, the pressure and temperature change with time, but it is possible to grasp the time until melting by conducting tests and simulations that take into account fluctuations in pressure and temperature in advance. it can.
  • the thickener is mixed with the muddy water as soon as the capsule C is dissolved.
  • the black-painted capsule C schematically shows the unmelted capsule C
  • the white capsule C schematically shows the melted capsule C. Since the capsule C does not dissolve while moving inside the drill 5, but dissolves after leaving the drill 5, the thickener is prevented from being mixed with the muddy water inside the drill 5.
  • Capsules C filled with a thickener preferably have the same specific gravity as muddy water. As a result, the capsule C in the muddy water can be transported at the same speed as the muddy water. If the specific gravity of the capsule C is significantly larger than the specific gravity of the muddy water, the capsule C may flow out of the drill 5 earlier than the assumed outflow time, and the capsule C may not be dissolved at the desired position. If the specific gravity of the capsule C is significantly smaller than the specific gravity of the muddy water, there is a possibility that the capsule C will not flow out from the drill 5 even if the outflow time assumed by the buoyancy is reached.
  • the specific gravity of the capsule C filled with the thickener is preferably 70% or more and 130% or less of the specific gravity of muddy water, and more preferably 90% or more and 110% or less of the specific gravity of muddy water.
  • the capsule C is added to the muddy water upstream of the muddy water pump 9 that pumps the muddy water into the mine. This is because the capsule C is more evenly distributed in the muddy water due to the stirring effect of the muddy water pump 9. Some capsules C may be damaged by the muddy water pump 9, but this is not a major problem. However, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 1, the valve 17a is arranged, the capsule supply pipe 15a for connecting the capsule tank 14 to the pipe 10 is provided, and the capsule C is added to the muddy water downstream of the muddy water pump 9, thereby causing the capsule C. Damage can also be minimized.
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the transportation speed of the digging waste S.
  • the digging waste S is taken to the muddy water, rises in the annular portion 22, and is collected.
  • the transport speed Vc of the digging waste S is given by Va—Vs, where Va is the flow velocity of the muddy water and Vs is the slip speed of the digging waste S.
  • the slip velocity Vs of the digging waste S is affected by the flow velocity Va of the muddy water as the transport fluid, the specific gravity of the muddy water, and the viscosity of the muddy water. Specifically, when the viscosity of muddy water is high, the slip speed Vs decreases and the transport speed Vc of the excavated waste S increases.
  • the thickener mixes with muddy water after flowing out of the drill 5, i.e. flowing through the annular portion 22.
  • the viscosity of the muddy water flowing through the annular portion 22 is increased by the thickener, and the recovery efficiency of the excavated waste S is improved.
  • the lift (discharge pressure) of the muddy water pump 9 is determined by the pressure loss of the pipe 10, the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5, the annular portion 22, the return pipe 11 on the ground, and the like.
  • the pressure loss in the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 is dominant and increases as the pit is deeply drilled. Since the pressure loss is generally proportional to the viscosity of the liquid, the pressure loss increases as the viscosity is increased by the thickener. Conventionally, the thickener has been added to the muddy water upstream of the drill 5. Therefore, the pressure loss is large not only in the annular portion 22 but also in the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5.
  • the viscosity of the muddy water flowing through the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 is relatively small because no thickener is added. Therefore, the pressure loss of the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 can be suppressed to a low level.
  • the annular portion 22 has almost the same flow path length as the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5, but has a larger flow path area than the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5. Therefore, although the pressure loss of the annular portion 22 is increased by the thickener, it is much smaller than the pressure loss of the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5. As a result, in the present embodiment, the total pressure loss in the circulation flow path of muddy water can be suppressed.
  • the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 may be narrow, the diameter of the drill 5 can be suppressed, and the onshore drilling rig 1 can be miniaturized and the cost can be reduced.
  • the draw work 7 has a margin in capacity, it is possible to increase the maximum drilling depth of the land drilling rig 1.
  • the muddy water flowing through the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 does not need functions such as protection of the well wall and collection of digging waste S, and mainly functions only as a cooling medium for the bit 51 and a transport medium for the capsule C. .. These functions do not have any problem even if the viscosity of muddy water is low.
  • the muddy water flowing through the annular portion 22 is required to have functions such as protection of the well wall and recovery of digging waste S, and therefore requires a certain viscosity. In the present embodiment, since the viscosity of the muddy water flowing through the annular portion 22 is increased by the thickener, these functions can be ensured.
  • the viscosity of the muddy water can be increased in the annular portion 22 where the high viscosity muddy water is desired, and the viscosity of the muddy water can be suppressed in the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 where the high viscosity muddy water is not desired. .. Therefore, it is possible to improve the transportation efficiency of the digging waste S while suppressing the influence on the equipment cost.
  • the pit may be an inclined pit or a horizontal pit.
  • an inclined shaft or a horizontal shaft there is a similar problem in transporting the digging waste S, and the transportation efficiency of the digging waste S can be improved by the same method.
  • the present embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the recovery promoting substance is a gas.
  • the gas contains at least one of air, nitrogen and natural gas, preferably consisting of air, nitrogen or natural gas.
  • nitrogen which is an inert gas, can be suitably used for excavation of a mine where there is a possibility of an underground fire.
  • the recovery promoting substance may be a substance that generates bubbles.
  • the gas enclosed in the capsule C may be pressurized. Thereby, the amount of capsule C can be reduced.
  • the capsule C descends the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 at the same speed as muddy water.
  • the gas-filled capsule C dissolves or disintegrates after flowing out of the bit 51, as in the first embodiment.
  • the gas is released into the muddy water and ascends the annular portion 22 faster than the muddy water due to its own buoyancy.
  • the lift-up force due to this updraft increases the ascending speed of the digging waste S, and the recovery efficiency of the digging waste S can be improved.
  • the pressure of the annular portion 22 can be made to be about the same as the stratum pressure at the same depth.
  • ancillary equipment such as a compressor is not required, and a more rational underbalance is required. Excavation becomes possible.
  • Underbalance drilling usually involves mixing gas (or foam) into muddy water.
  • the gas is added to the muddy water on the downstream side of the muddy water pump 9 so as not to adversely affect the discharge performance of the muddy water pump 9.
  • the capsule C can be added to the muddy water on the upstream side of the muddy water pump 9.
  • a part of the capsule C may be destroyed by the muddy water pump 9, but even if a small amount of gas is mixed with the muddy water, the discharge performance of the muddy water pump 9 is not significantly affected.
  • the capsules can be evenly distributed in the muddy water.
  • the capsule can be added to the muddy water on the downstream side of the muddy water pump 9.
  • Gas and thickener can be used together. For example, by filling a part of a plurality of capsules C with a thickener as a recovery promoting substance and filling the rest with a gas as a recovery promoting substance, the digging waste S is made more efficient by the viscosity of muddy water and the lift-up force of the gas. Can be recovered.
  • the pit may be an inclined pit or a horizontal pit.
  • the MWD (Measurement While Drilling) method which measures the direction or direction of excavation while excavating, may be used.
  • the MWD method there are a method using electromagnetic waves and a method using mud pulses as a data transmission method.
  • the method using electromagnetic waves is difficult to apply to excavation of long pits due to the limitation of the propagation distance of electromagnetic waves.
  • the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 has a continuous phase of liquid, a method using a mud pulse can be applied. Therefore, it is possible to adopt the MWD method for underbalanced excavation with a long pit length.
  • the present invention can also be used as a water leakage prevention measure.
  • the above-mentioned underbalanced excavation can be considered as a measure to prevent water leakage, but this embodiment can be applied to both underbalanced excavation and overbalanced excavation.
  • the drill 5 excavates the pit while supplying muddy water to which the capsule C is not added from the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 into the mine. At this time, the valve 16 is open but the valve 17 is closed.
  • the irrigation water is a phenomenon in which muddy water flows out from the mine to the irrigation layer when there is an irrigation layer communicating with the mine wall 21 in the stratum.
  • Izumi is also called Izumi.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the diversion layer 27 communicating with the mine wall 21.
  • the position of the bit 51 of the drill 5 when the recovery flow rate of muddy water is smaller than the recovery flow rate expected from the supply flow rate corresponds to the depth at which the water escape occurs, the position of the water discharge in the shaft 23 It is also possible to detect whether the occurrence occurred in (at what depth position the diversion layer 27 exists from the ground).
  • the valve 17 When missed water is detected, the valve 17 is opened and the capsule C is added to the muddy water.
  • the capsule C is supplied into the mine together with the muddy water through the drill 5 installed in the mine, and the drill 5 is dissolved after flowing out and mixed with the muddy water.
  • the gas released from the capsule C rises in the annular portion 22. This ascending flow suppresses the inflow of muddy water into the drainage layer 27, and can prevent or suppress the progress of the drainage water.
  • the present invention can also be used for finish cleaning in the mine. Finish cleaning is underground cleaning performed after excavation of the mine. In underground cleaning, water mixed with bubbles is injected into the underground in order to utilize the bubbling effect of gas. Specifically, after the excavation is completed, the cleaning water to which the capsule C filled with gas is added is supplied to the internal flow path 54 of the drill 5 and collected from the annular portion 22 between the pit wall and the drill 5. The capsule C dissolves or disintegrates after a predetermined time longer than the outflow time from the addition to the muddy water to the outflow of the drill 5. As the air bubbles rise, the foreign matter on the well wall is separated and collected on the ground by the rising flow. Conventionally, a compressor for pressurizing a gas was required for this operation. In this embodiment, bubbles are automatically generated by dissolving the capsule, so that a compressor is not required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une amélioration de la capacité à transporter des déblais S au-dessus du sol tout en supprimant une influence sur le coût. Le présent procédé de forage de puits fait appel à une caractéristique consistant à ajouter, à un liquide de forage, une pluralité de capsules C qui ont été remplies avec une substance de promotion de récupération de déblais S, à une caractéristique consistant à utiliser un trépan 5 pour forer un puits tout en amenant un liquide auquel ont été ajoutées les capsules C dans le puits par un trajet d'écoulement interne 54 du trépan 5, et à une caractéristique consistant à récupérer le liquide, qui comprend des déblais S produits par le forage, à partir d'une section annulaire 22 entre une paroi de puits 21 et le trépan 5. Les capsules C se dissolvent ou se désintègrent après une période prescrite, ladite période prescrite étant plus longue qu'une période d'écoulement en sortie, qui va du moment auquel elles sont ajoutées au liquide à leur écoulement en sortie du trépan 5.
PCT/JP2019/022011 2019-06-03 2019-06-03 Procédé de forage de puits WO2020245881A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2019/022011 WO2020245881A1 (fr) 2019-06-03 2019-06-03 Procédé de forage de puits

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PCT/JP2019/022011 WO2020245881A1 (fr) 2019-06-03 2019-06-03 Procédé de forage de puits

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02286781A (ja) * 1989-04-28 1990-11-26 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc 逸泥防止剤、その製造方法及び逸泥防止工法
WO2013161755A1 (fr) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 株式会社クレハ Fibres de résine d'acide polyglycolique courtes, et fluide de traitement de puits
JP2017088693A (ja) * 2015-11-06 2017-05-25 王子ホールディングス株式会社 地下層処理用組成物、地下層処理用流体、地下層処理用流体の製造方法及び地下層の処理方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02286781A (ja) * 1989-04-28 1990-11-26 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc 逸泥防止剤、その製造方法及び逸泥防止工法
WO2013161755A1 (fr) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 株式会社クレハ Fibres de résine d'acide polyglycolique courtes, et fluide de traitement de puits
JP2017088693A (ja) * 2015-11-06 2017-05-25 王子ホールディングス株式会社 地下層処理用組成物、地下層処理用流体、地下層処理用流体の製造方法及び地下層の処理方法

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